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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 10, 1910)
THE 3IORXIXG OKEGOyiAX, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1910. PORTIAXD. OBECOy. Kntered at Portland. Oregon, PostofFlce. ma eecor.d-C'lass Ua:ur. Subscript ion Kates Invariably In Ativan oe. (BT MAIL..) Ially. Sunday Included, one year 8.00 Dally, Sunday Included. six month. 4.25 Eally. Hunday included, three montlu. . 2.25 Iaily, Sunday included, one month..... .75 Daily, without Sunday, one year....... 6..00 Dally, without Sunday, six months 3.25 Dally, without Sunday, three months... 1.75 Daily, without Sunday, one month 60 Weekly, one year 1.50 fc'unday, one year 2.50 Sunday and weekly, one year......... 8.50 (By Carrier.) Daily, Sunday included, one year ft.00 Daily. Sunday Included, one month. ... . .75 How to fiemit Send Postofflce money order, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at the sender's risk. Give postofflce ad dress In full. Including county and state. Postage Kates 10 to 14 pages. 1 cent: 16 to 2H pages, 2 cents; 30 to 40 pages. 3 cents; 40 to GO pages. 4 cents. Foreign postaas double rate. Eastern Business Office. The S. C. Beck with Special Agency New York, rooms 4H o0 Tribune building. Chicago, rooms 510-512 Tribune building. PORTLAND, THIKSDAY, FEB, 10, 1910. THE MINORITY METHOD. It Is frequently asserted that to hold conventions for suggestion of the names of candidates for the primary "will take the opportunity to partici pate In politics out of the hands of the common people." In the first place there are no "com mon people." Or, if there are com mon people, we are all common peo ple. In this country of universal suf frage, free speech and free press, all men are on a common level in poli- tics. Some doubtless have more men tal activity than others; but it is the same in. all manner of business, as in politics and other affairs. Is 1t de sirable to suppress the most active and energetic minds? Some may think it is; but it will not be done, in any line of human endeavor. Political organization is necessary. The most effective way Is through party action. No other method has ever been found effective. Now the proposition to hold assemblies, meet ings or conventions, to organize party, to debate on lines of action and to indicate preference for candidates, is the rational and necessary method of procedure. If the candidates so of fered are not acceptable, they will be rejected at the primary in favor of others of greater popularity. No man, no member of a party, is bound to vote in the primary for any candidate offered by a convention. But it is asserted that this method will keep opposition candidates out of the field. It doesn't follow. There remains as much room for those who dislike organization as for those who employ it. But do these protesters really dislike organization? They don't. They wish and intend, if they can get nominations by opposing party organ ization, then to use party organization to the utmost to whip in everybody to their support. A man may nomi nate himself, as Jonathan Bourne did, and get a plurality nomination, as Bourne did, by the votes of 30 per cent of his party, or less; and then begins the appeal to party organiza tion, by the candidate who hitherto has scouted it and flouted it, to come up to his support. Then the name of party is used to the utmost; party loyalty is urged as a most sacred duty. The minority that has made the nom ination assumes the exercise of what it hitherto denounced as tyranny; and the effort is made in the name of party to force the election of the man whom the vast majority of the party doesn't want. This is a beautiful way, indeed, to ascertain, and obey "the will of the people." Never was the presumption of oligarchy carried fur ther. It will go no more in Oregon. For the primary law itself looks to party action, and there is no way by which party action can express itself other than through party organiza tion. "What says the primary law? These things to-wit: "Under our form of government political parties are necessary." Further: "The method of naming candidates for elective pub lic offices by political parties and voluntary political organizations is the best plan yet found for placing before the people the names of qualified and worthy citizens from whom the electors may choose the officers of our government." Again: "The gov ernment of a state by its electors and the government of a political party by its members are rightly based on the same general principles." Yet in the face of this declaration by the primary law itself of the' prin ciples on which it is founded, there is outcry that party organization and effort under it 'are contrary to the Intent of the primary law. The outcryvIs the effort of factional mi nority. The very fact that these citizens complain they will have no chance against the candidates offered by con ventions shows they know that they (themselves) have no sufficient stand ing to justify their claims. They know they can obtain but a meager vote in the primary, but think it may chance to be a plurality among many candidates. Then they will shout that it is the "duty" of all members of the party to "stand in.". They rail against party organization, till the time comes when they wish to appeal to it for their personal behoof. Then suddenly party organization, in their view, be comes an excellent thing, and party loyalty chief of political virtues.- This is the way by which minority pro poses to rule. It is the least defensible "game of politics" ever played. Its effort is to foist candidates on a party whom the party doesn't want candi dates who nominate themselves and have no representative character and then to use the party lash to "whip in." But the members of a party naturally revolt; the candidates so presented are beaten in the election, especially those for highest offices, and the purposes for which citizens associate in party are defeated, and lost. The object of convention is to give political and party effort a wide representative character, by elimina tion of this personal bunco game. Clatsop County has arranged for construction of a bridge across Elk Creek near the mouth of that stream. A movement is also under way for the building of a bridge acros the Necani fura River near the mouth of that stream connecting Seaside and Gear hart beaches. The county has already improved the Klk Creek road to such an extent that when graveling" is completed it will offer an excellent highway between Seaside and Elk Creek.. This, with completion of the two bridges, will make an unbroken stretch of excellent road from Fort Stevens to Hug Point. As a wagon road Is now being blasted around that forbidding promontory, it may yet be possible, to make the run. from Astoria to the, base of Necarney Mountain in an automobile. From a scenic stand point it would be difficult to find a more attractive route than this new road. PARTY IXYAI.TY. Just watch the results of this tur bulent Seattle primary election. '"Hi" Gill gets the Republican nomination for Mayor over Bouillon, after a' bit ter conflict. Bouillon. Is a reformer, He wants to do nearly everything dif ferently from the way in which it has been done in Seattle. That will be well enough perhaps; but quite obviously the Republican party, which controls affairs there, so far as they are "con trolled by any party and so far as It Is a party, doesn't agree with him. That will make no difference to Bouillon. Tou will see that he will do his utmost to defeat Gill in the March election.. He will assume that he incurred no obligation whatever to abide by the result of the primary. Yet how different would have been his demeanor if he had been success ful. Then, of course, there would have been a loud call from Bouillon and his friends upon Gill and his friends to perform their party duty and show their party loyalty by sup porting the party candidate and the party organization. There is your direct primary for you; such is the sincerity with which your agitator accepts Its solemn man dates. He is for party .organization when the party is for him. He is for party duty when he gets a party nom ination. He is for party loyalty when it spells benefit to him. Otherwise he is against the whole business. A I'OOLIsM DIRECTOR. The Rolling Green School, near Col ton, in the State of Washington, of fers a difficult problem, we imagine, to the teacher who may be fool hardy enough to tackle It. The last one was forced out by the combined valor of the leading director's son and daughter. Doubtless his luckless successor will experience a similar fate. The teacher. It appears, under took to chastise the director's son, who probably needed a trouncing badly. While he was applying the rod to this urchin the sister of the youth, a fair fury of fourteen Sum mers, flew upon him and entwined her lily Angers in his hyacinthine locks. Then the hoy turned upon him and between them the director's hopeful offspring did the teacher up. Divers edifying lessons may be drawn from this melancholy event. The most evident of them is that In districts where there Is likely to be trouble the teacher ought, to eschew hyacinthine locks, no matter how lovely they may be, and clip his hair close. Then the directors' militant daughters can get no hold on him. The second lesson is that no district can expect to have a decent school as long as the directors uphold their riotous children against the teachers. The name of the delinquent di rector In the Rolling Green district is Mclnturff. When his children came home from their assault on the teacher we understand that Mr. Ma Inturff gloated over what they had done. If he had been a suitable man for a school officer, he would have marched them back to school and commanded the teacher to thrash them both soundly, especially the girl, under his personal supervision. This would have insured an obedient school for the rest of the term. As it Is now the district has fallen into anarchy. IIERKSIES CONCERNING THE IITIKE IJFE. Dr. Carl E. Guthe's demonstration of "life after death" is Interesting, even if it can hardly be called con vincing. He Is professor of physics in the University of Michigan and prob ably knows more about electricity than he does about the human soul and its destiny. Still his opinion on the subject of the future life is worth a little comment. His argument Is neither new nor sound, but it is not without allurement. The tissues of the body, he says, are continually re moved and replaced by new material, but for all that personal identity is not destroyed. It persists even after the entire substance of the body has been cast away by the processes of life. This happens, as everybody con cedes, once in eight or ten years. Since no change in the body, however great, destroys personal identity during life, therefore death cannot destroy it and "life after death is proved on scien tific grounds." This is Professor Guthe's argument. Without altering its meaning or validity at all, we may state it in this way: "Since changes which are essen tial to the continuance of bodily life do not destroy personal identity, there fore a change which puts an end to bodily . life leaves identity intact." This is a curious way to argue. It is very much as if one should say, "The application of soap removes grease from the fingers. Therefore if we throw all the soap into the sewer we shall always have clean hands." But overlooking the essential absurdity of Professor GutheyS reasoning, it may not be unprofitable to examine it in detail for a moment. Granting that there is such a thing as a soul, we are quite safe in saying that it never changes its old body for a new one all at once during life. The process certainly takes place, but It is ex tremely gradual. A few cells break up today and are replaced. A few more are lost, and gained tomorrow. The. process of. renewal is incessant, but there is never an instajit when the great mass of the body has not been long established. Each day the garment loses and gains a thread or two, but there Is no day when It is not an old garment. There is ample time for the veteran tissues of the body to educate the n,ew cells and train them in all their habitudes before they have to depart in their turn. But at death the process of substituting new cells for old ones ceases. The old cells forget all they knew and are no longer able to teach. Worse yet, no pupils ever come to school any more. The mistress is gone, the windows are dark, the walls fall to pieces. There are scholars who maintain that our unbroken feeling of bodily identity depends upon this constant education of the incoming cells by the veterans. And they say that mental identity Is maintained In much the same way. When a fresh thought arrives it is taken In, charge by those already In the brain.' They discipline it and infuse it with their own nature. It is chastened, subdued and made to know its place. Thus when the old thoughts and feelings seem to have passed totally away they still live in the new ones, and this Is memory. The scholars who take this view do , not perceive any particular necessity for a soul. The soul is supposed to be a. sort of substratum in which mental states are inserted like raisins in a cake, but such thinkers as David Hume, in his day, and William James, now, fail to see much necessity for it. In their opinion mental states hang together by mutual attraction just as the cells of the body do and interact in. a similar way. They perish, like the bodily cells, only much more rap Idly, and are continually replaced by new ones. When, at death, the process or renewal ceases, then, these writers infer, the mind 'breaks up after the manner of the- toody. Professor Guthe's remark that "the mind Is as indestructible as matter and energy" assumes a misleading analogy. "The mind" is not comparable to "matter" as a whole, -but only to the various organizations of matter. Just as these break up into their elements, so .mind may. The more modern writers upon the vexed subject of immortality scarcely feel able to ignore the force of Hume's arguments. They have largely aban doned the notion of the unity of the mind, or of the personality, and con cede that It is likely to disorganize when the brain does, sometimes even sooner. They find, however, a new principle of unity In -the Life orce. According to such writers as ' Henri Bergson, the rising philosophical gen ius of France, it is this force which is immortal and which gives the im pulse, the elan, as Bergson calls it, to evolution,. No sound thinker would agree for a moment with Professor Guthe that "there can be no retrogres sion" In the world. Everything retro grades the instant it ceases to ad vance. But all the moderns concur in the belief that evolution is, upon the whole, a forward and upward movement and one that will never end. , If it ceases here it will go on somewhere else. WHY PORTLAND ATTRACTS CAPITAI. Spokane- capital to the amount of tl, 000, 000 has just been invested in the Portland Hotel. The shifting to Portland of this large sum .from one of Washington's greatest cities is a high tribute to the reputation this city enjoys as a field for investment. On account of the magnitude of the transaction, it has attracted unusual attention, but It is only one of a large number of deals handled with outside capital within the past two years. Portland has enjoyed such a steady growth without excessive booming that property in this city has always appealed to capital; but it is within the past two years that it has made its greatest impression. There are, of course, a great many Influences responsible for this steady, substantial buying movement; but paramount to all others Is the North Bank Railroad. Prior to construction of that line, there existed a division of trade territory which in Its very nature made the cities of Puget Sound most attractive fields for investment. Portland, always &. good city, was practically fortified from competition in the Willamette "Valley, and In a considerable area of country south of Snake River, as well as in the sparsely settled coast regions; but with the Northern Pacific and the Great Northern pulling strong for Puget Sound, and unable to reach Portland except by hauling trains through the Puget Sound cities, our opportunities for trade in the greater part of Eastern Washington were on a very limited scale. All this was changed with comple tion of the Hill line down the north bank of the Columbia River. With out the sacrifice of any of the exclusive trade territory from which this city had grown rich and powerful, there was suddenly added to our trade field nearly all of the territory traversed by. the Hill lines in Eastern Washing ton, Northern Idaho, British Columbia and portions of Montana. In all that vast region of more than 100,000 square miles, Portland by its new rail connection was placed on even terms with its northern competitors. Almost simultaneously with this most Important addition to our trade facilities there appeared an unusual development in the older settled re gions in which Portland has never had. nor ever win have, competition. This field alone has given . Portland the remarkable prestige we now enlov. When to this is added the benefits following fast on the appearance of the North Bank line, and will be still more in evidence with completion of the Central Oregon, the Nehalem. Tillamook, the Coos Bay and other railroad enterprises, it Is not difficult to forecast the future of the city. Capital is flowing in from the sur rounding country and from the East for the reason that this city offers greater inducements in the way of natural location and resources than can be found at any other point on the Pacific Coast. The million-dollar deals today do not loom as large as tne Jou,uuu deal a dozen years ago. and a dozen years hence, they will seem comparatively small. Portland is on the map in large letters, and is now receiving the attention to which it is entitled. BOYCOTTING MOUSTACHES. On principle it is difficult to ap prove of the anti-moustache attitude of the women students at the Chicago University. For one thing, these girls have, unwittingly, of course, defied the Federal courts which have con demned all varieties of the boycott. We could overlook that, however. Doubtless the courts will take care of their own dignity, and if it should be necessary to compel a Chicago co-ed to marry a young man with a mus tache in order to vindicate the Judicial authority, we suppose it will be done. The shocking aspect of the boycott against moustaches which' the learned young women of Chicago have de clared is its violation of the natural rights of man. If the aiale students at the Stand ard Oil University were, to Issue an ultimatum declaring that they would ostracise every co-ed who did not wear bloomers, we fancy some shrieks of indignation would be heard. And yet the right not to wear bloomers is not a God-given, inherent right. It is boldly conventional, a mere matter of custom. Undivided gowns do not grow on women, while on men mus taches do grow, at least on some men. The poor creatures who cannot raise a mustache we set aside for the pres ent. They are not worth quarreling over. The fact that nature produces a moustache on the male upper lip at the proper time of life indicates pretty clearly that Providence de signed it to be worn. It is part of the divine order of the universe, very likely an essential part. It is also an essential part of masculine beauty. Most men when they first shave oft their moustaches look like scraped these things being true, we ex pect to see the Chicago youths react vigorously against this outrageous boycott. If they are real men and not stocks or stones every one of them will sprout a moustache at once. Down with) female op'pression. What IS life without liberty? Speculate how one will, or may, on the causes of the high cost of living, they are reducible mainly to one cause, namely, the general extrava gance. Dealers in merchandise have found that people will buy and pay, even at high prices; and prices there-., fore have been marked up, all along the line. Another cause is the fact that labor organizations have made production. In many lines, less effi cient and more costly. Labor condi tions in the cities make men less will ing than formerly to work In the country, and the farmers can seldom get efficient labor at any price. This limits production and enhances the prices of food. No remedy can be proposed for these conditions that is worth anything. The problem will work itself out under the laws that limit extravagance through scarcity, and put the relation' beween supply and demand on a new basis or 'bring it back gradually towards the old basis. The real remedies are more industry and Ifess extravagance. The New York stock'market, which has been on the toboggan for several days, took a long Jump to the higher levels yesterday. Union Pacific scored an advance of $3 per share, and other railroads showed similar gains. News reports of the day's business cbntaln the explanation that the "bears bought to cover on an enormous scale." This feature of the day's business is not particularly reassuring. If the "hears" had sold stocks because their dividend-earning capacity seemed to be impaired, and the "bulls" had bought them back hecause they believed the stocks had an intrinsic value equal to or better than that warranted by the prices quoted, there would be more signs of health In the situation than are reflected by the professional ma nipulation of either contingent. The principal difficulty In Wall street Just at this time seems to be a shortage of lambs and a surplus of both bulls and bears. A San Francisco man- has just com pleted the trip from London to the California metropolis in nine days, five hours and five minutes. By compari son this makes the famous excursion of Phineas Fogg seem like a trip over the West Side branch of the Southern Pacific. Modern man has made fact discount fiction to such an extent that about all that remains of the seem ingly impossible feats which the late Jules Verne chronicled is that trip to the moon. Unless there is a limit placed on the skyscrapers and 'im provements cease in airships, we may expect some Dr. Cook to drop down out of space some day and tell a dol-lar-a-word story about the hardships he endured on the last lap before Luna's. The Secretary of War has recom mended an expenditure of $50,000 to crry on the improvement of the Co quille River for the purpose of estab lishing a permanent channel eight feet deep from the mouth of the river to Myrtle Point. If the depth mentioned can be secured for the sum recom mended by the Secretary of War, the money will 'be well expended. The Coquille flows through a wonderfully rich country in .which transportation at the present time is difficult and costly. With navigation unobstruct ed, the lands on both sides of the river would produce an immense traffic which under present conditions can not expand to any appreciable extent. An echo from the long-departed past Is heard In the announcement that Stanley, Wash., one of the boom towns of the early "90s, was to be re platted and become a real Instead of a paper town. The new owners of the townsite, which has a fairly good loca tion at the mouth of the Nasel River, are reported to have in contemplation the building of a large sawmill. With a manufacturing enterprise of this nature to help it along, the reincar nated Stanley may have a better op portunity for existence. The business of selling town lots, when not sup plemented by some more substantial industries, has never proven very suc cessful. . . . . There is some reason why the Democratic party, once all powerful In the United States, has elected but one man to the Presidency since 1856, when it elected James Buchanan; and that man (Grover Cleveland) was far more a Hamilton Federalist than a Jefferson Democrat. ' It will be a good exercise for the younger sort of people to think this out, and account for so remarkable a fact. We suppose that after -the city en ters the business of carting away each householder's garbage to the burner, it will be necessary for a host of in spectors further to protect the house holder by seeing that he deposits all his garbage in the backyard can. Some scientists think the poison tall of Halley's comet may destroj- animal life on our planet. That would be a peaceful ending of some bad quarrels, wouldn't it? If you want low prices you may think back a little. You had them in all their leanness from 1893 to, 1898. You want low prices- some moije? Meat consumers demand the best meat and then complain that the price of the best is higher than that of the rest of the carcass. To cut down the cost of living, we might dispense with the new Easter hats, but they, too, are among the "necessaries." As an instrument of naval warfare the twentieth-century Dreadnought is between the submarine and the aero plane. Mr. Wehrung wins his salary in court. Nobody should expect to keep any salary away from Mr. Wehrung. Now we shall see how much higher these additional milk inspectors of the city will drive the price of milk. Aspirants for Congress in the First District are doubtless reading the ac counts of the Hermann trial. BUTCHER GIVES HIS VIEWS. Meat Dealers Not All Getting; FUea, He Says, PORTLAND. Feb. 9. (To the Editor.) In. reading the papers nowadays regard ing the high cost of living, a. person is apt to form opinions which, if contrasted with certain undeniable facts, would make those 'opinions seem somewhat L ridiculous. For instance, in last Sun- s irguiiiua appeared interviews witn some so-called edible economists tending to prove how easy it is to get .along without meat, but when a person gets away with a 60-cent steak on Wednesday and on Sunday states he has not had a beefsteak in the house for six months. It reminds me of the lady who said she was not in favor of woman suffrage, but during a discussion of certain moral questions said if she had a vote she w-ould soon put them out of business. Another says cut out the delivery boy, the telephone, the barber and the boot black: but don't these have to make a living also? Are they not a part of our present industrial system, if not an economic one? It -is not a far look to '93-'94. when you could get a quarter of mutton for 20 cents, but two-thirds of the popula tion did not have the 20 cents; and gang after gang were filling the gulches of the Jefferson-street entrance to our city for the enormous emolument of two meals per day. And the farmer was hauling his stuff fim one store to another in order to raise money enough to pay the interest on his mort gage, of which there were any amount at that time. The cry is always raised that every thing goes up but wages. All I can speak for is myself. At that time I was getting 20 a month. For the same work today and four hours less than I worked or 10 hours instead of 14 I am paying a boy $12 a week and two others $18. The farmer then got from 3 to 5 cents for his veal and pork, I am paying from 11 to 13 cents. I had a picture taken the -other day of two calves, received from J. Molln, Reed ville, six weeks old, weighing 216 pounds, for which I paid 12 M cents, or $27 for the two. It might not be amiss in this connection to state that every man who owns or conducts a meat mar ket in this city finds it necessary to spend from 10 to 12 hours a day be hind the block himself, besides many hours in the evening, in order to keep on deck. And very few of them are seen hovering around the masts of our skyscrapers in their aeroplanes on Sunday, and as yet I have not noticed in the news an item of any pedestrian being run down by any John Brown, the butcher, in a big six-cylinder tour ing car. Still there is a certain fascination about the business. About 67 times a day you are told that you are robbing the public and yet we are able to avoid being nabbed by Chief Cox' sleuths. One frosty morning last week I held two pounds and two ounces of corned beef in my hands for at least two min utes, endeavoring to sell it for 15 cents, while the lady insisted it was not worth 15 cents 10 cents enough. That same day, about 8 P. M., while standing at the entrance to a well known hall In this city I saw this same lady and her daughter pay 50 cents to attend a whist party and dance, and I only regret that I did not get a pic ture of the pair to put alongside J. Molin'8 two calves. In conclusion, let me say that throughout this entire discussion there is one thing which stands out pre eminently tefore the reading public, and that is the common-sense editorials of The Oregonian, going to show that if there were more producers, less .trv lng to live off the few that are pro ducing, price conditions would adjust themselves. And in time your stand on this question, like that on the gold standard, wfll be vindicated. E. H. DEERY. The Supreme Court's 120tb Birthday. Chicago News. The Supreme Court of the United States had recently a notable birthday. It was 120 years old, and by a coincidence the last case docketed on that natal day was the 22.000th one since the court was organized. Febraary 1, 1790, the court convened for the first time in New York. The minutes of that meeting show that there was not a sufficient number of the justices present to transact business and those present, as the first official act of the court, ad journed "until tomorrow at 1 of the clock." On the first day "the Hon'ble John Jay. Esq., chief Justice; the Hon'ble William Cushing. the Hon'ble James Wil son, Esq., associate Justices." were pres ent. By the next day "the Hon'ble James Iredell, Esq., associate justice," appeared and the court was opened. It was on that day that it appointed the first "crier" for the court. In the first few years not many cases were brought to the court as compared with the present day. Now between 800 and 1000 come up for consideration every year. Glavis and Garfield. Springfield (Mass.) Republican. Mr. Glavis' eagerness to have Mr. Pinchot and even the President know what Lobbyist McKenzie said about the rejection of Mr. Garfield as Secretary of the Interior in the Taft Cabinet was equal to his determination to steal Mr. Dennett's private correspondence In the interest of the conservation cause. The moment McKenzie had left the room, Mr. Glavis put his statement, as nearly as he could remember it, in the form of an affidavit. McKenzie had boasted that the Alaskan coal claimants, through his influence, had succeeded in having Mr. Garfield turned down. Copies of the statement had to be sent, of course, to the Bureau of Forestry, where Mr. Pinchot could see it: and Mr. Glavis was free also to say that he had Intended to show the document to the President himself. Every now and then, it will be observed, this investiga. tion bumps into the fact that Mr. Gar field was not taken over from the Roosevelt Administration by the pres ent incumbent of the Presidential of fice. Senators of Indian Blood. DRAIN, Or.. Feb-. 8. (To the Editor.) Will you please publish the names of the four United States Senators who are of Indian blsod? s. B. Curtis of Kansas and Gore of Okla homa are said to be of Indian blood. There are other "Injuns"' in the Sen ate, but, as the discreet Mrs. Harris remarked to Mrs. Gamp, "A-namin' of no names, Sairey; a-namin of no names." - Prohibition in Oklahoma. The Oklahoman, the leading daily newspaper of the leading Oklahoma cen ter of population, says plainly that the prohibition effort in that state is a farce. Here are extracts from one of its articles: Properly-restricted dram shops, limited in number and undr surveillance and a source of revenue, are greatly preferable to boot- legging establishments, unlimited in numl'er, the conduct of which is a crime and from which no revenue is derived. Theoretically prohibition may appear ad mirable, but practically it is a howlingr and expensive farce. Must Show Pinchot. Houston Post. A contemporary says the President has substituted the whitewash brush for the big stick. We are not disput ing it. but somebody will have to show Pinchot. Moral: .Be a Qaces. Chicago Evening Post. Queen Alexandra retains her beauty by simple living, and by keeping her temper. Queens do not have to worry about cooks, however. HOW TO APPORTION STATE ASSEMBLY? Comparison of Precinct and County Representation Methods Interesting: Cal culations S bowing; How Various Methods Will Work Out. Two methods of apportioning delegates to the Republican State Assembly are under discussion the one based on ' the proportion of the party vote in each county to the total vote of the state; the other based on the precinct unit of rep resentation. By the lattter plan, Republicans of each county precinct in caucus or mass meeting would choose one delegate to the state assembly, and one additional dele gate for each 100 or 50 votes or major frac tion thereof that the precinct cast in some reliable party election as for Rep resentative in Congress in June, 1908. or for President in November of that year. The registered vote would not make a fair basis of representation, owing to the large number of Democrats' who are regis tered as Republicans. The county unit plan is the one that has been always used for political assem blies in Oregon. This arrangement would give a county representation according to the strength of Its party vote, and delegates would be chosen by county as sembly or mass meeting. This plan has practical advantages in its favor, as tills article will presently make plain. But the precinct unit plan is preferred by a considerable number of Republicans, who aver that it would bring the selection of delegates "closer to the people." This system ' would give jsparsely populated counties larger representation than the others as Crook. Curry, Gilliam. Grant, Harney. Lake. Malheur, Sherman. Tilla mook and Wheeler. It would correspond ingly diminish the proportional strength of the counties possessing large population Clackamas. Linn, Washington, Yamhill, Marion and, especially, Multnomah. It would also necessitate a very large as sembly. County apportionment, however, could afford an assembly of some 600 dele gates. The vote cast for Taft probably comes nearer than any other in representing the relative Republican and Democratic fol lowlngs in Oregon. Taft carried the state by a plurality over Bryan of 24.500. Haw ley and Ellis won their seats in Congress by a combined plurality in the two Rep resentative districts of more than 3S,O00. Neither the vote for Supreme- Judge nor that for Governor in the last state elec tion represented the party membership throughout the state. The precinct unit plan of apportion ment, using the Taft vote as a basis, will make an assembly of at least 1200 members. This will allow one delegate for every precinct and one additional for every 100 Taft votes or major fraction thereof, cast within a precinct. If one additional delegate should be -allowed for every 50 Taft votes or major fraction thereof, the assembly would be enlarged to nearly 1900 delegates. The state has S65 precincts, according to the records of the Secretary of State. The -. following table represents the number of precincts in each county, and the number of dele gates each county would have by pre cincts and the additional delegates each county would have first by the "100" votes plan and second by the "50" votes plan: Del. Add'l. Add'l. 1 for Dl. Del. each 100 50 County. Prect. votes votes Baker :2 7 24 T-ienton 30 5 21 Clackamas 31 l'J 42 Clatsop 'Jt 9 111 Columbia la S 2-n Coos L'i) 1 28 Crook 30 2 10 Curry 14 DouKlaa 31 !t 34 Gilliam It 'J 7 Grant . m . . 9 Harney 19 2 3 Hood Kiver 7 ." l.-i Jackson 32 11 HI Josephine ltt 4 11 Klamath 1:! ,1 9 Lake Jl .. e Lane 50 1H 51 Lincoln 14 I 4 Linn ;;i x 33 Malheur 22 2 10 Marion 41 21 tirt Morrow 11 1 s Multnomah 114 15S 34U Polk .-, i:i Sherman .' ! 1 7 Tillamook IS 1 7 Umatilla 4i) l:i :!:! Union Ill 9 115 Wallowa 110 5 10 Wasco 4 m Washington m 15 4:: Wheeler i:t 1 4 Yamhill 23 12 33 Totals . .. 805 36S 1013 Total delegates on "10O" plan l'J33 Total delegates on "50"-plan 1S7S This arrangement would much curtail the representation of Multnomah County WOODCHOPPER I ' CONGRESS. Willis C. Hawley, of Oregon, Once Won the Championship of His State. Albany, Or.. Corr. to New Y"ork Sun. Willis C. Hawley. who represents the I First District of Oregon in the National House of Representatives, Is the great est woodchopper In Congress, his friends say. He once won the cham pionship of this state in a log-hewing contest, and though he is probably not in his best form now he can still make the chips fly. The contest in which Hawley demon strated his superiority with the axe oc curred in this city February 22, 1896. It was at a big gathering of Woodmen of the World, In which order Hawley was then, as he la now, a member of the board of head managers of tle Pacific Coast jurisdiction. Choppers who had won renown with the axe in their communities gathered' here from all parts of Western Oregon. Some of those who had entened the race for prizes failed to chop when the time came, but 10 men actually entered the contest and Hawley won out, defeating his nearest competitor by 23 seconds and excelling some of them by more than a minute. At that time Hawley was professor of history and economics in Willamette University at Salem, Or. The contest was held in the old Opera House. Seasoned fir logs 18 inches in diameter had been selected for the test. The men were to chop in pairs. E. R. Cummings, of Halsey, and W. W. Baker, of Corvallis, were the first men to chop. Cummings cut his log in two in 6 minutes and 25 seconds, and Baker finished 15 seconds later. Daniel Atkinson, of Independence, and F. L. Hyde, of Brownsville, were the next pair. Hyde went through his log' in o minutes and 2 seconds and was looked on as certain winner of the first prize. Atkinson's time was 6:55. The next pair of choppers were George W. Hapgood, of Dallas, and Oliver Hart, of Stayton. They finished practically together. Hart finishing la 6:20 and Hapgood in 6:26. Then came Samuel Baldwin, of Buena Vista, and W. L. Tyler, of Harrisburg. Baldwin chopped in splendid form and went after Hyde's record of 5:02. He lacked 5 seconds of beating it. however, and finished in 5:07. Discouraged by the fact that he was not nearly through his log when Baldwin stopped chopping, Tyler did not finish. The last choppers were J. D. Landeys, of Monmouth, .and Willis C. Hawley, of Salem. Landeys chopped about like the average contestant and finished in 6:08. Hawley went through his log like a whirlwind and finished in 4:39, defeating Hyde, his nearest competitor, by 23 seconds. Hawleys unexpected prowess with the axe was received with tremendous applause. To this day chopping is never mentioned in Woodmen Lodges in this state without some one recalling Hawley's feat. A New Astral Organization. Chicago Post. v For a small and select organization we suggest the Society of Those Who Saw Comet A-191Q and In lasser degree that of Marion. Linn, lamhill. Washington and Clackamas. Vt ere the old county apportionment meth od followed, for an assembly of 1233 dele gates or for an assembly of 1S78 delegates these being the numbers of delegates that would result from the precinct unit arrangement the counties would be rep resented as follows (vote for Taft included in the table.): .Ap'm't Ap'm'l Whole, Whols. . Vote . No. No. County for Taft. l;33. 1871 Baker i,69l -3 "SJ H"" 1.184 ;s Clackamas 2 77S 55 q latsoP. 1.482 'is . 49 Columbia ............ 1 '"-4 ('oos 1.S57 37 62 1 rook 90 is 3.1 Curry , ;ss 5 J?0?.1'" 2J99 41 Gilliam r.00 id ls Grant 749 13 Harney 452 9 - Hood River .......... 770 13 -. Jackson 2.036 40 7 Josephine 697 j9 Klamath 634 12 "1 I-ake N4S5 i, Jn , 3 313 H ;-,lncoIl 593 12 IS Linn 2.202 44 71 Mainour S04 1 it Marion .3.7SS 75 l- Morrow s90 14 "3 Multnomah 17.S19 356 S93 'P,k 1.459 29 4i inerman ............. 4"S 8 14 Tillamook. 641 13 -I Umatilla I.S36 46 77 t nl:;n 1.510 30 50 wallowa 907 1$ -n, Washington '324 46 74 Wheeler ............. 4-i jj Yamhill l,9So 39 66 By comparing this table with the one preceding, it will be noted that the two plans of apportionment give widely dif ferent results in representation for the various counties. The more populous counties suffer curtailment of representa tion by the precinct plan. Many precincts cast as few as a dozen or 15 votes for Taft. In Baker Count v nine precincts failed to cast 15 votes' in Clatsop. 7: in Columbia, 2: in Coos' 5 In Crook. 13: In Curry, 7; in Grant. 6: in Harney, 7; in Jackson. S; in Klamath. 4: In Lane. 8; In Lincoln. 3; In Malheur. 7; in Morrow, 2: in Sherman, 2: in Tilla mook, 3; in Umatilla. 4; in Wallowa. 3; in Wheeler. 5. About 120 precincts cast less thrm 15 Republican votes and about 110 others cast less than 25. It appears, then, that some 230 precincts polled less than 25 Republican votes, or more than one-fourth the total number of precincts in the state. The question now arises whether the few Republicans in these precincts will take enough interest to choose delegates to the State Assembly. And the further ques tion arises whether a mass meeting or assembly of Republicans in each county could not more satisfactorily choose the county- delegates. Still, the precinct plan has popular ar guments in its favor. If it could be carried out it would, perhaps, go farther than tjie county plan to silence talk about "machines" and bosses. For this reason it has support of many influential Republicans. Should the county apportionment method be adopted, the total number of dele gates could be fixed at 636. which would allow each county one delegate for every 100 votes or major fraction thereof, that it polled for Taft. Such an apportion ment would be as follows: County No. Delegates. Baker 17 Benton I 12 .Clackamas 9 Clatsop ....! lii Columbia .11..1 12 Coob 19 Crook n Curry " , , 3 DouRlas 21 Gilliam 5 Grant ' 7 Harney , J ."..'.'.. I 5 Hood River "s Jackson -i 1 Josephine . .......H.I 10 Klamath 0 Lake ; ....IT 5 Lane 3;; Lincoln J; Linn o.j Malheur . IJ'IJ'IJ 5 Marion ;;S Morrow ..'..".!!!! 7 Multnomah 17s Polk 15 Sherman 4 Tillamook , ' I " ' a Umatilla 2-.t Union ...TI 1." Wallan-a '....."... .". i) Wasco 1. 1.. 13 Washing-ton !.'.'!I,I.'!,' 23 Wheeler 4 Yamhill . ".' ITIIII 20 Total .63ft INTENSIVE FARMING BY BOYS Twelve Thousand Youthful Southerners Tilled an Acre of Corn Each. Youth's Companion. More than 12,000 Southern boys less than 18 years old planted and cultivated an acre of corn each last year, under the direction of the Department of Ag riculture. Persons interested in the ex periment in Arkansas, Mississippi, South Carolina and Virginia offered to pay the expenses of a trip to Wash ington for the boy in each state who raised the greatest amount of corn on -his acre. The winning boys will soon visit the National 'capital. The average feld of corn to the acre in 1909 was a little more than 25 bushels. The ' South Carolina boy, who made the best record, produced 152 bushels. The winning Mississippi boy raised 147 kushels: the Arkansas boy 135, and the boy in Virginia 122. The average raised by each of the 12,000 was 60 bushels. The instructions given to those boys by the Department of Agriculture ara avayable to every farmer in the coun try. If they should be followed exactly, the yield of corn to the acre could easily be doubled in a single year. Intensive cultivation is worth while on all crops. The average yield of po tatoes to the acre in 1909 was f07 bush els, but the -Maine farmers averaged 225 bushels, and some of the most progres sive of them dug 400 bushels to the acre. The yield of corn and potatoes depends more on the cultivation and fertilization than upon the soil, and there is practically no part of the TJnited States in which these crops can not be raised successfully. Reply- of Statesman's Wife. Judge. "Does your husband believe in the separation of the church and the state?" "I guess so; he never goes to church.'" I-OXJTICAI, COMMENT. Was it through accident or shrewd de sign that Mr. Bryan absented himself from this country Just while the discussion of the cost of ' living is liveliest? Albany Evening Journal. A Federal Income tax means less power to the states and more power to the Gov ernment at Washington, and more money for the people at Washington to waste. Charleston NeVa and Courier. The person who believes that the National Government and not the state governments can and should control monopoly are nu merous. But there are few of them who are prepared to explain why and how this should be done. New York Globe. The sentiment is rapidly growing In New York State in favor of biennial instead of annual sessions of the Legislature. New York is one of the very few states of the Union whose legislatures meet every year, and her people are getting very tired of it. . . . The politicians, we suppose. will fight the change, but they wlU have to yield to the demand of the people. Charlotte (N. C.) Observer. No sooner were our hopes raised about the probable result of the dissensions in the Republican party than the Associated Press dispatches come along and say that the dif ferences with old Taft have been made up and that his programme" will be carried through. It Is always that way when w think we have the enemy beaten to a traar zle- Charleston News and (Courier.