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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 12, 1908)
THE MORXTXG OltEGONIAN. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1903. Gftjt Bw$innm POKTLAND. OREGON. Entered at Portland. Oregon, Postorttce aa Second-Class Matter. kobeerlpUaa Him fa variably ta Advaac (By MalL) Dally, Sunday Included, en year Xaily. Sunday included, six months.... Uai.jr. Sunday Included. thre moctbs. Lfal.y, 6unday Included, ona month. . . . Dally without Bunday. ona year Zally. without Sunday, alz month! lally. without Sunday, thrca montha. . Dally, without Sunday, ona month..... Waekly, ona yaar . Sunday, ona year. .............. Sunday and Weekly, ens rear. 18 0 2 Si .75 00 a. 25 1.7 5 .60 1 SO J 00 60 (By Carrlar.) Dally. Sunday Included, ona year Dally. Sunday Included, ono month. .70 How to Kamlt Sand postefflcs money order, expraaa order or poraoaai check on yoor local bank. Stamps, coll or currency are at tba sender's risk. OIe poatofflce ad- areaa u lull. Inciudina county ana state. loetaa Rates 10 to 14 pares, 1 cent; It to IB paces, a eenta; so to 4 paces, a cants: 44 to SO page, e conta. Foreign post- are oouoio ratea Eastern Baaueas Office The BJ C Beck- wlth Soeclai aihcv New York, rooroa 48 60 Tribune building. Chicago, rooms 610-612 i nbuxte building. POKTLAXD, BATTRDAT. SEPT. IS. 1S0S. BRTAX AS AX AUTHORITY OX BAMUNO. Compulsory Insurance of bank de posits is simply a proposition to com pel sound and conservative banking lnstltutlona to Insure Ill-managed and shaky ones. One effect will be to make people careless where they de posit their money. They will think it "safe" anywhere. A tank guaranty is merely a method to compel those who are careful, prudent and econom leal to support those) who are care less, shiftless. Imprudent, on thte one hand, and on the other those who take risks, are plungers, see great for tunes ahead dealers in futures and mirages, who put thejr money Into promising schemes and expect to get rich quick. There Is a class of deposi tors who will take the risk when the bank offers them great returns or profits; there Is a class of banks that will encourage this class - of de positors. The bank of this descrip tion that wishes to appear safe and sound will have Its bucket shop, through which the business may be done, and when the deposits are guar anteed more and more money will flow in. Then sometime, the greatest catastrophe. No man who uses a bank and wants his deposits to be safe and secure .should desire the guaranty far which Mr. Bryan contends. No -woman who uses a bank and wishes her deposits to be safe and secure should desire the guaranty for which Mr. Bryan contends. Mr. Bryan is most unsafe of all men in matters of money and finance. Else he never could have supposed that the United States could pay its debts with, its own notes or promises to pay, or that free coinage of silver could be maintained at a false and fictitious ratio above the valuation of silver tn the commerce of the world. Better keep clear of Bryan's advice In matters of money, credits and finance in general. To accept his advice would be, as Job says, to "fill the belly with the east wind." The fact that the United States re quires bonds to be given for security of Its own funds In banks or else where presents no analog)-. From the beginning till now every person, every official, every depository. In trusted with funds belonging to the United States, has been required to give bonds. So it Is In state and In county and In city and In every school , district. For public money there must always be security. But the Government supposes private Individ uals may be able to look after their own business- and their own Interests. They needn't deposit in banks in which they haven't confidence. There are sound banks enough. People who have money should have sense enough to . refuse the bait of high Interest offered by weak banks that want money for Thorburn, Ross Jobs. Or, If they haven't, should people who are careful be compelled to pay to secure them? Bryan's advice may do for a catchy appeal to people who have no money in bank, yet envy those who have. But it never should mislead those who have a bank account, large or small, and object to the burdening of the prudence of one description of persons with the Imprudence of an other. It is to be compulsory insurance. Every National bank is to be forced Into it. And state banks are to be forced Into it, under state laws. That is, , -conservative and well-managed banks are to be compelled to guaranty the wildcat banks. . The proposition, as the Boston Advertiser says, is the consequence of "a failure to appre ciate the. difference between voluntary Insurance agreements and enforced legal blackmail." Depend upon It, and his record has proved It, that William J. Bryan is not the man to give advice on any matter of finance, money, credits, banking; or subjects of similar kind. The great champion of free coinage of silver can offer no advice on money, banking or finance which is not worse than worthless. Isn't It ludicrous to find the orator of the platitudes of the Platte, who, however, can't even carry his own state, trying to In struct the country In the science of banking, and how the business of banking ought to be conducted? In other words, is the country ready to follow Mr. Bryan as a financier and banker? Probably not. Even if the majority should vote for him. It would not, because some knowledge and some responifbllity In business would be required, even after his election. RTLUIM TAX AMBTOG StXTITAX. There are many impediments to the progress of civilization in the South ern States besides the Democratic' party. The worst of them Is Uie class of men to which William Van Amburg Sullivan belongs. From his name It may be inferred that he Is an Irish man by descent, but for the credit of his race let us hope that the descent is remote. Ireland has . suffered wrongs incomparably greater than anything the South has endured from the negroes, but her public men have never openly paraded themselves as the leaders of murderous mobs. This Is precisely what William Van Am burg Sullivan Is doing. He 'appears In the capers with a vainglorious notice that he was the active head of a mob which lynched a negro the other day, and such Is the state of his soul that he takes credit to himself for -a deed which the law of the land and every civilized sentiment con demns. From men like Sullivan the .South should pray to be delivered. They not only blacken her good name, but their barbarous conduct perpetuates conditions which frighten away .capl tal and blight Industry. Productive enterprise demands peace as its in dispensable requisite. The Tlllmans, Vardamans and Sulllvans systemati cally destroy peace. They thrive upon race hatred and civil turbulence. Sulli van, like the rest of his abominable gang, puts his riotous conduct on the ground of chivalry. He Is so horrlnea he says, at the actions of the negroes toward white women that he feels proud to be a lyncher. This chivalry is all humbug. It is the most patent hypocrisy. What he Is after Is votes and. If he could win votes by siding with the negroes against white wo men, that is what he would do. The business of his class is to trade upon the generous emotions and the 'fears of the simple-minded whites, and make capital of bloodshed. They thrive upon torture and fatten on death. . In all the world there Is not a set of men more thoroughly detest able than the Dixon and Sulllvans of the South. They are worse than ghouls, for ghouls disturb only corpses In the grave, while these unholy crea tures devour the living. RCBBIXQ IT IX, IXDEKO. Eald Governor Hughes -at Toungstown. O - "If all that Mr. Bryan has favored and urged dnrtng the past twelve years had been enacted la to jaw- wa should now be over whelmed with disaster." The Governor has a tins way of rubbing It Into Roosevelt. Oregon City Courier. Has President Roosevelt ever ad vocated free coinage of sliver, or Gov. ernment ownership of railroads, or National Initiative and referendum, or abandonment of injunction as a meth od of relief In equity, or scuttle of our enterprise In the Philippine Isl ands, or legislation to force sound and conservative banks .to guaranty ope rations of reckless ones? PARTIES AND TASTICS. The Oregon City Courier remarks: "The panic of 1907, coming without any legitimate excuse when the Re publican party had for a decade been In complete control of the Federal Government, furnishes additional proof that It is either unwilling or in competent to protect the interests ef the general public." Is the Government to look after everybody's business? Are we not nearing the time when we should have some common sense? The panic of 1907 was not due to anything the Government had done or had failed to do. It was the result merely of at tempts of individuals to get rich quick leading to abuses of credits, and ex haustion of the resources on which the plungers had drawn. It didn't affect the productive resources of the country at all, nor affect the prices of farm products and general staples. It was merely a speculators' panic. It was totally different from the panic of 1 b 9 3, which was the conse quence of the threat and danger of changing the money standard of the country. So far as we are- concerned In the West the panic of 1907 was of slightest possible importance'and con sequence. It was a panic among Eastern speculators which affected us but little and only temporarily. Here was no distress. There was no reduc tion of the price of farm products, no catastrophe to any legitimate interest. But no political party can prevent speculators from rushing to ruin. They will go always as far as their credit will allow. Then they "bust." Such was the panic of 1907. But It was trifling In extent and of short contin uance. When was Oregon so prosper ous as now? No government, under any party. ever will stop or prevent the excesses of speculation that make credit panics. From an entirely different source came the money panic of 1893-97. That was due to the at tempt to force free coinage of silver, and to the knowledge that, if it should succeed, it would change the money standard of the country and split the value of the dollar In twain. The pol icy of a party produced this panic; but the speculation in Imaginary futures, that produced the panic of 1907, had no relation to the policy of any party. THE PIONEERS' DEATH ROLL. Robert V. Short, whose death oc curred at his home In this city a few days ago, was a representative pioneer a man honored in the useful, prac tical life of the state In its early iso lation and slow, painstaking develop ment. He was a farmer of the old school, and by the abounding grace of Nature, which was lavish with Its favors in the early days, and by the sturdy industry with which he plowed and sowed and gathered Into barns. he acquired an ample store . for the Winter of life. He married early, a woman of energetic, pioneer stock. who was a help-meet all along his way. Together they brought up a large family of sons and daughters. Together they climbed the hill of life and passing over Its summit, together descended Its sunset slope, parting not many miles from Its farthest verge the wife entering the "wayside inn" but a few years in advance of her husband. Sacred to the memory of the early days In Oregon is this pioneer are these pioneers and the host that has preceded them Into the domain of si lence. Factors in the subjugation of the beautiful wilderness "where rolls the Oregon" were they.- Cheerful burden-bearers of civilization were they industrious, hospitable and use ful in their long day and busy gener ation. The homesick immigrant knew their cheer, and the sick man, alone and far from home and family In his adventurous quest for a new home In the storied, dimly known "Oregon country," blessed them from his couch of suffering. History, however faithfully written, is necessarily si lent upon the incidents that made up the dally lives of these pioneers and their associates . In state building. These details belong to the shadowy, unreal realism of folk-lore not yet far enough removed from the present day to be Invested with the mantle of ro mance. Plain, everyday people were the Oregon pioneers, of whom R. V. Short was one earnest, honest strivers along the simple lines In which their lives were cast. A writer will arise In some future generation who will do for the Oregon pioneers that which Rose Terry Cooke and Harriet Beecher Stowe and Margaret Deland haVe done for the simple, faithful toilets who laid the foundations of home and community life In early New England. Until this time comes it must suffice that the pen of the chronicler of cur rent events touches lightly the life record of the pioneers, and passes on to the vital topics that engage the hurried attention of the public of the present day. A LAXD-GRAXT INCUBUS. AH of the original capital stock of the defendant Oregon California Railroad Company (line from Portland to Roseburg) and substantially all of the capital stock of said Wear 31de Company (line to Mc Minnvllle) waa issued without consideration, and by reason of the premises, neither of said companies had any original capital or other funds for construction .or other pur poses, 'except such ae was borrowed therefor. This recital. In the complaint of the Government's land-grant suit against the Southern Pacific, reveals a sample of the high finance by which the Ore gon & California Railroad was con ducted from the first, up to the pres ent time when the master company asserts title to a f30.000.000 or 40,000,000 land-grant in defiance of the terms of the Government's coh- L cession. . Ben , Holladay, and then Henry villard, each with their con federate "promoters," were the pio neers of unscrupulous finance In Ore gon. They- have been succeeded by Harriman, who declares that the rail road shall keep 2,000.000 acres of landv which Congress ordained, before giving it into the railroad's clutches, should be sold, to actual settlers at not more than $2.60 an acre. Holla day and Villard absorbed vast sums of the money subscribed-by bondhold ers. There was no paid-up capital stock. Holladay ruled Legislatures and carried on orgies of high finance by methods as daring as those of present-day Wall street. These men regarded the land trust in them re posed by Congress as their own fee simple possession, to do with or plun der as they chose. Harriman has followed their work of diverting a 2,000,000-acre settlement, from, which the railroad was to receive not more than $5,000,000 bonus from actual settlers. Into a $30,000,000 timber pre serve. In defiance of the terms and purpose of Congress. ' Nor Is this all of the evil. .The Ore gon & California Railroad Is capital ized for $36,745,000 $19,000,000 cap ital stock and $17,745,000 bonds. Inflated capitalization has burdened Western Oregon ever since the rail road was operated. The people of this state do not have to look beyond their own boundaries for a spectacle to match the "looting of the Alton." This capitalization-amounts to $55,225 a mile for the 658 miles of the com pany's road an absurdity. The capl tallzatlon . far. . exceeds the actual money invested In construction and equipment.- Large part of It Is in flated and fictitious, as the Govern ment's suit may show. The purpose of these remarks is to point out that the Oregon & California which means the Southern Pacific has no equitable claim to proprietor ship of the land grant. It should not recfelve a $80,000,000 bonus where $5,000,000 was intended. The railroad has practiced graft, from the begin ning, on the people of Oregon. As an infant it perhaps needed the suc cor. Now that it has grown to lusty proportions it should receive such nutriment no longer. THE COMMODITIES CLAUSE. It is a singular trait of our system of government that the united oplnr Ion of two Federal Judges sitting in a Circuit Court, or even the opinion of a single judge in the District Court, should override the deliberate enact ment of Congress and the President. Judges Gray and Dallas, who have Just repealed one of the most import ant sections of the Hepburn act, are presumably no wiser than many of the Senators and some of the Repre sentatives who voted for it. The two Judges say that the commodity clause Is unreasonable and Invalid. The President and Congress held that it was reasonable and valid. The opin ion of the two men prevails over that of the representatives of the Nation and the law falls flat. In no other country would such a thing be per mitted. Our method of treating laws may be better than that which the experience of mankind everywhere else has approved, but time has yet to show it. One significant fact bear ing upon the subject is the ' well known truth that nowhere else in the world is law in general so much dis regarded .as It is here. It may be hasty to argue that the people are only following the example which the courts persistently set before them. but certainly the example Is there. The "commodities clause" of the Hepburn act forbids the railroads to manufacture, mine or own the goods which they transport. The plain rea son for enacting it Is the unfair ad vantage which a railroad owning a coal mine, for example, has over a mlneowner who does not control a railroad. Naturally the railroad will carry its own coal cheaper than any body else's, and thus dominate the market. In other words the commod ity clause Is aimed squarely against monopoly. Besides declaring that the commodity clause Is unreasonable and Invalid, the Judges add that "it In vades the rights of the state by strik ing down the liberty hitherto enjoyed by Its citizens under the laws and usages of the commonwealth to en gage in Interstate commerce 'to the fullest extent as to all harmless arti cles, whether owned or not owned by the carrier, and deprives of their property the defendants contrary to the fifth amendment to the Constitu tion." It is amazing that some of the Senators eminent for legal lore did not perceive these objections which the Judges say are visible "from every point of view from which they have been able to approach the question.'-" What the commodities clause really does is to compel the railroads to sell their coal mines. Judge Gary and his colleague identify this forced sale 'with confiscation although the Gov ernment has shown no disposition to hasten the process. Ample time has been granted to seek the best market It seems to be a novel doctrine in the law that to compel a person to sell property is the same thing as to con fiscate it, but some of our Judges in their efforts to prevent regulation of the corporations are apparently not much frightened at doctrines which are novel or even absurd. The view that the commodity clause deprives "citizens" of any of their or dinary rights seems to be a little strained. It does not forbid anybody to engage In any business he may select, but If be becomes a common carrier it does prohibit him, for ex cellent reasons, from owning the goods which he transports in compe tition with others. The confusion which the . Judges make between "citi zens" and carriers is probably uncon scious. By Judicial construction cor porations are citizens, but under ainy rational view of the law. their rights and - duties are altogether different from those of natural persons. Of late years.there has been a persistent effort to make all the protective phrases of the Constitution 4whlch were Intended to apply only to nat ural persons apply In their full extent to corporations. The courts have yielded to the tendency to an alarm ing degree, but a .time will certainly come when the tide will turn. Cor porations were not in the minds of the fathers when they framed the Constitution and It is clearly a per version of that instrument to give them the benefit of many of the pro tective clauses. - Corporations are created by the law and can claim only those privi leges which the law expressly confers upon them. It is well that those privileges should be extensive, be cause corporations are Indispensable In modern commerce, but it is far from well to make them so extensive as to throw all the business of the country Into the hands of the com mon carriers; nor Is it well for the courts to Interpret the law in such a way as to set the corporations above the government to which they owe their existence. The Rev. T. De Witt Talmage used to, declaim that "the stop It and start It a million times over." According to some of our judges the government which ' starts the corporations cannot stop them even once, to say nothing of a million times. The decision In question has yet to be passed upon by the Supreme Court, which has not shown of late the same terror before "centraliza tion" which besets some of its Subor dinates. Should the Supreme Court concur in the repeal of the commodity clause the question whether the rail roads can be regulated at all will once more become a" burning one, and the advocates of Government ownership will again push their theory to vine front. Now and then the ghastly discovery is made In an Isolated cabin of the body of a rancher who died alone and uncared for in circumstances the de tails of which can only De surmisea, The discovery is pathetic chiefly through the suggestion that accom panles it of the utter ' loneliness and relative uselessness of the life, the dreary end of which is thus grimly and dumbly attested. . It Is sad to die alone, doubly sad to live alone. the end and aim of life centering in self. If guarantee of bank deposits, why not guarantee of wages and rent and of ' grocery and meat credit, and against "dead beats" of every descrip tion? Many persons never can get enough money- together to put in bank. Are not they a part of the peo ple as well as those more fortunate? City Electrician Bavarian "didn't know" that those specifications framed by him for fire-alarm boxes could be complied: with by one con cern only. Then what kind of 'an expert is City Electrician Savarlan that the r. reparation of specifications should be left to him? Food- Commissioner Bailey found forty-seven poisons In canned fruit samples that were prepared for exhi bition. If the law directed him to Inspect other things there Is no tell ing how many poisons he would find Just now In Republican politics. At Eugene, as at Corvallls, owners of land are "holding up" the state schools' which need or desire more land, and compelling payment of ex travagant prices. They reason, ap parently, that public money costs nobody anything. Those English Protestants have heen trying for many hundred years to put. the Catholics away in the limbo of the dead and forgotten, but here they are again. ' There are some Catholics in other countries, too: . Many salmon have reached the On tario hatchery. Does it appear, then, that since Astoria's Fish Warden was displaced, the up-river fisheries do not catch all the salmon that escape the maze of nets about Astoria? In Maine the. Democratic ' party this year Is contending for repeal of the prohibitory liquor law. If you fall to see any kind of politics in any state this year that you are looking for, just ask for it. Merely as a reminder of a neglected work, the City Council Is once more up against the garbage crematory proposition. Wonder how the Des Moines statesmen deal with this in soluble problem? Our old friend. Colonel Paty du Clam, was allowed to open up for a few minutes during the latest Dreyfus trial, but they soon shut him up. Why hasn't Paty been hurried off to the bouillon? A French Jury has successfully demonstrated that It Is no crime to shoot at Dreyfus. That's encouraging to the. antl-DreyfusItes, who have some good marksmen among them. A man down in lios Angeles has refused a nomination with anger. If any man like that could be found In Portland he would deserve the best office In the city. The Republican and Democratic campaign books are now out. Cam paign orators will now become numer ous. During the remainder" of the cam paign, Mead and' McBrlde can tell the boys what a stiff fight they made for it. Taft and Foraker, too, have Joined In a fifth-rib embrace. "Art thou in health, my brother?" If "second choice" shall choose, where come In the "first choice" and "the people?" This should be a strenuous last Sat urday for the schoolboy. "THE PITY OF IT A IX." Soma Rfmlrki em the Primary Law and the Meannesses of Human Na ture Developed by It. Seattle Times. g Even " at the time when there was no opportunity for congratulating the men who had won in the Republican primaries, there was ample opportun ity all day yesterday for sympathizing with the man- who has lost. There lies the pity, of our whole direct primary system. Every candidate for nomination Is forced to make his own campaign, mortgage hie own home to pay his own expenses and run his own legs off try ing to save the scene when he goes home and tells his own wife that he Is not the most popular man in King Co'unty. The direct primary law may be a good thing In the way of breaking up "rings," as it surely has in this case, but in the process It has come very nearly "breaking" the majority of the defeated candidates along with It. For one thing, the direct primary law has served to. show that the ave rage man cannot be trusted when he promises to vote for this or that can didate for office at least when there are six or seven of them seeking the same position. He will promise one thing and do' another without the slightest -compunction. It le as fair for one as It is for another, but the fact remains that the man who is the best known and has the most money to spend is the man who Is going to win in the general run of. events. .Some of the candidates who won on Tuesday did not have very much money, and were not very well known, but that does ont disprove the foregoing statement because whatever they lacked their friends made up and the result was the eame In the end. We have no quarrel wlth a system which allows the people to express their preference by a direct vote, but lC does seem pitiable that there should be a system , which requires a man to stake everything of value he has In the world upon the word of friends, who proceed to "double-cross" him. Under the "old convention" system a man might aspire and gain a nomina tlon, with the expense of the few dollars he happened to have in his pocket. If he won the nomination, his party aided him In the expenses of his campaign for election; If he lost he was but a little out of pocket. The new primary system, however, makes a personal campaign out of the nomination, and the human frailties which lead to lies, In the early discus sions of possibilities, make a very ex pensive matter out of flattery. Men are encouraged to mortgage their homes In the hope of winning a fight in which they had not even an opportunity, and men are falsely encouraged by their friends in the foolish expenditure of money which they would not have thought of spending were It not for the fact that they believed what their friends told them. There was many a man on the ticket which the people of Seattle scanned on Tuesday, who had mortgaged every thingeven his prospective salary in a false idea that It was due to his honor, his dignity, his reputation, or some other intangible thing, to win a frght Into which his friends had be guiled him. Most of these men lost. There was a great deal of politics played which belong In the category marked with the sign of the "Double-Cross." The fight Is now over, but the mort gages upon the homes, the deficit? in bank accounts, and he enmities en gendered! will continue for many years. , "AH is fair In love, war and politics" but it Is not kind to Induce a friend to lose all his money. That should be the great lesson of the greatest and most tangled fight In the political history of Seattle the first fight of the primary election. IS IT WORTH AIX THE COST? Heavy Burden on Candidates in the Direct Primary. Aberdeen World. The primary law has been tried. What Its results In the kind of officers It has furnished, Is yet to.be determined. But that aside. It has some obvious defects. It does engender factional strife to a greater extent than the old convention system, because the fight Is more In the open, because the contest Is more per sonal, because opponents appear to for get that the quarrel Is only for a nomi nation, but view it more In the light of a final election. Then, too, it is costly. There Is nowpar- tlcular honor, for instance. In the office of State Auditor. That official Is merely a clerk. Why does he seek the post? Solely for the salary attached to it. What else? But the salary Is not high, and when the primary contest Is bitter, the expense can easily mount to a greater figure than a year's income. There Is no organization to furnish a. part of the ex pense. The cost must be borne by the candidate. How Is the expenditure to be repaid? If the successful aspirant Is hon est, it will never be repaid; if dishonest but when a campaign costs $3000 or $4000 for an office that yields an annual salary of but $3000, It Is but natural that the idea of regaining some of that campaign coin should not be the last thing remem bered. If these Is a way by which the cost can be lessened through limiting the amount of money that shall be spent, or In some other manner, that way should be found and adopted. Participation of Democrats In the Re publican primaries or of Republicans' in Democratic, should likewise be obviated Perhaps the law is as strong now in that respect as it can be made, since it bars a split ticket. Under no consideration should the law ever be altered so as to provide a blank ballot. If , Democracy wants to take part in primaries wherein It has no right, let the risk of perjury al ways run against the Democratic voter who breaks Into the ranks of the opposi tion. The direct primary is likewise a law in favor of the minority party, inasmuch as the minority will always profit to an ex tent by the factional fights in the domi nant party. This Is a matter that goes to the root of human nature, and you are not going to eliminate it, so long as the direct primary Is maintained. Makes Watterson Laugh. Louisville Courier-Journal. The story allowed In a careless sort of way to drift from Republican sources that contributions to Republi can campaign funds are coming in so slowly that the leaders are growing pale in the gills Is sweet in sentiment and superb in originality. It Is also somber with pathos yes, we must not overlook the pathos. It is enough t touch the hardest heart. COURT FREES FIVE WIVES Women Recite Details of Marital Infelicity. Cruelty, drunkenness, desertion and deceit were among the charges made by several wives and husbands in the State Circuit Court yesterday morning. Judge Cleland heard the divorce cases. Lou Ellen Cornell, formerly secretary of the State Spiritualist Association, who. with Mrs. Sophia B. Seip, .con tested what she considered her rights against the attacks of Green C. Love. H. B. Trigg and Harry Yanckwlch, members of the rival faction, secured a divorce yesterday. She married Rich ard C. Cornell In July, 1890. The couple have two children. Testimony given yesterday was to the effect that Cor nell abused his wife because the youngest child was not a girl. Not only did he call her names, but threat ened to kill her, she said. At one time, when his wife was 111, he was sent to the, drugstore for a bottle of chloroiorm, but failed to re turn. It was discovered later that he became Interested In watching the hoppickers, who were leaving. One witness said that Cornell wanted to sell his home in Portland, and to take Mrs. Cornell to California with him, as he couldn't do without her. He finally left alone, however. Judge Cleland re fused to grant Mrs. Cornell's request that the names of her ' children be changed, so that they would not be obliged to bear their father's name. Wife Leaves Foljgamist. Anna S. Williams is no longer the wife of Pearl R. Williams, alias W. E. Rlhorn. The latter is. now serving a one-year term In the County Jail, hav ing pleaded guilty to polygamy. Wil liams was married to Anna Sanderson in Elma. Wash., last January. The woman lived with him for a little more than a month, when, discovering that he had two other wives, she was obliged to leave him. He had also failed to provide for her. Although he told his last bride that his .name was Williams, he explained to the court yesterday that his true name Is Rlhorn. Judge Cleland annulled the marriage. F. C. Blllups, a traveling salesman, said that two years ago his wife was haled before the late Judge A. L Fra zer, charged with contributing to the delinquency of her daughter, and that It was with difficulty that he had the case dropped. Discovering that his wife was frequenting saloons and dance-halls under the assumed name of Wilson, and taking his daughters there, he said yesterday that .he turned the youngest over to the Juve nile Court. The oldest has since mar ried. Billups' brother said that Mrs. Kate Blllups came home -almost every night for two months between 11 P. M. and 1 A. M. The couple were married at Ellswood, Iowa, in 1887. The divorce was granted. J. W. Baker choked his wife and drew a razor In a threatening way, according to witnesses. Mrs. E. Baker said he drank so much that she was ashamed to walk on the street with him one night. Another witness de scribed him as "half-and-half," on cir cus night, meaning that he was only half sober. The decree was granted. They were married fn Clackamas County in November, 1898. More Charges of Cruelty. Cora King testified that she was cursed, choked and beaten by Clarence H. King, whom she said yesterday Is a gambler. He deserted her, leaving a farewell note saying he had gone for ever. They married at Pocatello, Ida., in October, 1904. She was given a di vorce. Mathilda Ritchie was given a divorce because her husband deserted tier in March, 1905. She said he went to Seat tle because she refused to support him. She is a tailor. She married William H. Ritchie September 6, 1904. David Koch secured a divorce from Laura A. Koch because of desertion. They married at Allentown, Pa., in May, 1894. That his wife Interfered with him when he attempted to sell goods to women customers in a Portland drug store where he was clerking. Is the charge made by Dr. R. A. Collins In a divorce suit filed In the Circuit Court yesterday against Nora Collins. They were married at Hartington, Neb., in July, 1902. Two weeks later his wife began to accuse him, he says, or un faithfulness. He says she has been extravagant and has neglected her home. They have one child, or whlcn Dr. Collins asks the custody. Minnie Newman filed a divorce suit yesterday against Elish H. Newman on the ground of desertion. They were married in Seattle, octoDer au, iui, NO INDICTMENTS FOUND YET Grand Jury at Work, but Not Ready to Report True Bills. Although it has been hard at work since last Monday noon, the grand Jury has not yet returned any indictments, it is believed that a large number ot in dictments will be returned at the same time. District Attorney Cameron has issued an order to the Sheriff's office to give no information regarding the witnesses who are being examined. Neither is any Information about the cases under Investigation forthcoming from tho District Attorney's office. A few of the cases bound over are: F. Bloom, charged with larceny; Don Hoag- lin, statutory offense; Ike Hadden, statu tory: H. . E. Howitz, larceny; m. a. O'Mara. larceny: Louis Bowen, statutory offense In connection with the charge against Dr. Courtney; Ed Fors, obtaining money by falsa pretenses; u. sarue, larceny; Bill Gates, larceny; P. H. Trigg, assault with a dangerous weapon; jnrs. Lillle Morse, assault with a dangerous weapon; J. A. Bloch, polygamy. Trustees File Report. Marv T. Kennard and E. P. Staples, trustees of the Charles Goodnough estate, filed their seventh annual report in the Circuit Court yesterday. The assets now amount to H,924. When the last report was made "the cash on hand amounted to $4113.64. The receipts, for the year have been $10,271.44, and the disbursements $10,615.39, leaving a balance of cash on hand of $3T9.59. Left $15,000 in Safety Deposit Box. The County Court appointed A. A. Anderson, M. M. Cavanaugh and W. P. La Roche appraisers , of the Lewis B. Burrell estate, which was at first thought to be worth but $1000. After the letters of administration had been applied for $15,000 In cash was found in a safe de posit box. ' No Evidence to Back Charge. OREGON CITY, Or., Sept. 11. (Spe cial.) G. W. Shannon, John Shannon. J. W. Smith and C. W. Hammond, who were charged with stealing a boat from Merrill'3 boathouse In Portland on July 2 and selling the same to Paul Wyman at Oregon City, were arraigned before Justice Sampson today, when the case against them was dismissed because of lack of evidence. Troops Marching to Camp. SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 11. Five companies of regular infantry, here tofore stationed at Fort McDowell, yesterday began the march to the scene of the military maneuvers at Atasca dero, over 200 miles south of this city. The troops expect to arrive there on September 27. - FARM LIFE EXALTS YOUTH Grange Speaker Lauds Rural Benefits. Austin T. Buxton, master of the Ore gon State Grange, waa the first speaker at the Russellvllle Institute yesterday. His address was upon Grange subjects and was In part as follows: I have not been Quite -sure of the nature of this gathering, but from the number of prominent educators on the prosramma I have Judged It was to be to a decree at least, educational. It Is fitting that It should be so. and I am always glad to help on any movement to advance the educational Interests of the atate. The duties and re sponsibilities of tha Nation will tn time devolve upon the rising; generation. It has been said that in this country of ours, where each citizen bears, to some ex tent, a share in the government, the price of good government is good citizenship. Most of the evils complained of in our social and political life must be corrected through reform of the individuals making up the community. Impress the Individual with a true conception of his duties and responsi bilities and you will have taken a long step toward reform. Hence the necessity and economy of the state maintaining a system of free education. But the complaint, frequently mads, that our educational system educates our youth away from the practical affairs of life and particularly from the farm has been largely true. Much thought has been given to the problem of checking tha drift toward the cities and of ridding our cities of the throngs of Idle men who sens no purpose other than a burden on society. It Is use less to try to anchor the youth more flrmty to the soil or Increase the attractions of country life by the ordinary course of school training. We must endeavor from the first years of school life to instill an appreciation of the beautlea of nature and further to teach the elements which will awaken , In the youth naturally an Interest In tha establishment of a more successful agricul ture than their fathers have known. Nor will the hobo ever succumb to the allure ments of the three R's. When we are wise enough In our civilization we will spend less on criminal courts and penal Institu tions and more on teaching street gamins the elements of some gainful occupation. But I was probably Invited here to talk Grange. The Grange Is so associated with educational work that the two terms are almost synonymous. The influence and sup port o the Grange have always been freely given to every legitimate educational enter prise. The high standard of usefulnesa at tained by our Agricultural Colleges all over the country Is due to a considerable degree to the Influence of the Grange. The Intro duction of nature study, elementary agricul ture and industrial brarfches In our publlo school system has received much encourage ment from the same source. There Is no more potent Influence for spreading the gos pel of better methods of agriculture and for establishing this Industry on a more perma nent and profitable basis than the Grange and Its general uplifting Influence for social betterment In every rural community. Then In the larger field of the state ana Nation, In guarding the Interests of the agri cultural classea In matters of legislation, It has served a most useful purpose. Not In Interfering with the proper development of any legitimate Interests In other lines, but merely In Insuring to agriculture favorable opportunities for Its own proper develop ment, has Its Influence been exerted. ' Secrets of Farm Success. The second speaker was C. I. Lewis, professor of horticulture In the Agricul tural College. The following extracts were taken from his address: Wherever horticulture Is developed we find the most Intense type of agriculture, higher-priced land, larger net returns per acre and better homes. This Is true In all sections of the United States wherever the Industry becomes Important. The Introduc tion of some phase of horticulture means small farms and Intensive farming; it therefore brings In more people and citizens of the highest type. The average size of an orchard In Hoofl River Is 16.3 acres; in Rogue River It is 23. At the present time not over 10 per cent of these orchards are in bearing, yet support a family on thla small acreage. Tha land In these sections Is high-priced be cause the people are successful. What makes success In horticulture? There are two main factors: First, a region must have the right soli and climate; second, proper methods of culture must be followed. Nearly every section of the North west has soil and climate adapted for some line of fruitgrowing or vegetable garden ing. It therefore depends largely upon the people themselves whether they are suc cessful. In engaging In any horticultural pursuit there are several steps to keep in mind. We must grow the product to the best of our ability; we must learn to put It up In right shape: we must feel ourselves that we have something good, then let other people exploit It in other words, advertise. Organization will aid In all these. Science of Soil. Professor Lewis went into considerable detail In discussing his topics such as selection of soils, planting and pruning of trees, cultivating and spraying, and closed with a few remarks on successful small fruit culture. An address on "Manhood" was made by President Ferrln. of the Pacific Uni versity. He said: Let me remind you that certain qualities which are spoken of as characterizing a state or community are simply the charac teristics of the people. When we speak of a community as being enterprising or pro gressive or prosperous we rnean that lis people have these qualities. There can be no development of a state, at least none that Is permanent, that Is not accompanied by a corresponding growth tn the oharacter of Its people. Of course educators do not claim a mo nopoly of the business of producing men. There are many useful and noble citizens who have enjoyed but little of the ad vantages of schooling; and then again not every educated man Is a credit to himself or his country. Nevertheless none will deny that this Is the business of teaching, and that they succeed reasonably Is obvious. If the people did not have this confidence In the public school system they assuredly would refuse very soon to maintain It. Conditions by Comparison. The last speaker was J. J. Johnson, lecturer of the State Grange. He spoke of conditions years ago and now. Then people were mors easily satisfied and all tried to do their duty to the best of their ability, which was limited. There was greater rivalry among all classes in those days than among agriculturists who were the most honest of all. and disposed to attend to their own business. They were the most oppressed of all classes of so ciety and it needed a master hand to lift them up. This uplifting came when tha Grange was organized, and its work ap peals to the farmer as no other influence can. For protection and development It Is necessary for the order to deal with questions of Government, but It takes no hand in partisan politics. The basic principles of the Grange are broad enough to deal with all problems and good government Is as necessary to the farmer as good crops or education. The evening was devoted to a concert by the Rose City Quartet, which waa argely attended. Today's programme will Include ad dresses by President Campbell of the state, TTnlversitv: J. H. Ackerman, State Superintendent of Public Instruction; Hon. J. D. Lee and otners. mere ui also be' selections by local talent. Business Locations Scarce. OREGON CITY, Or., Sept. 11. (Spe cial.) The lack of desirable business lo- . i ArQonn r-itv 1a nronf of Its i;kl.lU119 " " . growth and Is demonstrated In the futile search made during the last few days by E. J. McKlttrick, of Portland, who wants to engage In the shoe business here. Mr. nxn-wittrtflr warn formerly in thla line of trade In Oregon City, but sold out aboul five years ago. Rockwell Is Not Satisfied. RAVENNA, O., Sept. 11. Judge David L Rockwell, the Democratla nominee for Lieutenant-Governor, yes terday announced that he is to with draw from the Democratic state ticket. He had preferred the nomination of Secretary Of State. Hunter Kills Himself. VANCOUVER. B. C. Sept. 11 Frank Heay, aged 17, shot himself while hunting yesterday. He died in a few minutes.