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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 28, 1908)
11 THE MORNING OREGOKlAy. FBIDAY, AUGUST 28, 1903. MAP OF KLAMATH LAKE BIRD RESERVATION CHECKS GREED OF gloss: 'a IEI FRIDAY AND SAT Klamath's Bird Reserve Made Necessary by Ravages of Many Gunners. URDAY, AUG. 7m. Ul, 28th AND en T 0 S AUDUBON SOCIETY ACTS r. o c 9C T Si S Recommendation Which It Makes Are Quickly Acted Upon by President Through Sec retary Garfield. OREGON1AX NEWS BUREAU. Wash ington. Aug. 25. But for the greed of gunners who have been "getting rich quick" by exterminating the native birds that frequent the !ake region of Southern Oregon. President Roosevelt would probably never have turned Low er Klamath. Malheur and Harney Lake Into National bird preserves, and abso lutely prohibited the killing of any and all native birds around those waters. But the greed of the gunners who were supplying the millinery market brought down upon them the curse of the Na tional Audubon Society, and that soci ety, having the ear of the President, had no difficulty in securing executive orders w iich shut out all manner of gunners, professionals as well as mere lovers of sport. . It is not In the power of the Presi dent to amend state game laws or to Issue orders regulating the killing of game; but It Is entirely within the pow er of the President to regulate the use of the public domain, within any state, and it was by exercising this power and creating bird preserves that the Presi dent was able to check the ravages of commercial gunners. The object of these preserves is briefly set forth in a letter to the President, signed by Sec retary of the Interior Garfield, under date of August 12. This letter applies only to the Lake Malheur reservation, embracing both Malheur and Harne Lakes, but a similar letter was written with regard to the Lower Klamath res ervation, created about the same time. The letter follows: Text of Oarfleld's lter. l'riiave the honor to submit herewith, for your signature, form for an Executive Ortr creating the Lake Malheur R"' tion for the protection of native birds. ThU proposed reserve Is located In Southeastern Oregon. Beyond Question It is the most promising "f th. known fields for the pro tecilon and preservation of native fowl that exl.ts within the limits of the United States. It embraces the shore lines. Islands, etc. cf Lake Malheur and Harney, wherein, as appears from the recent special reports of the field ornithologists of the National Associailc.n of Ai-dubon Societies, Messrs. Flnley and Bohlman. many thou sands of water and shore birds breed an nually and countless other thousands, ln- . I. la Was mm m Tl Ht - eluding tne wns. u-w - ----- and feeding place ouring . ia ran migration". imnne th breeding birds are the Canada Gocse. of which over a thousand young birds were counted within the distance of one mile along the shore, many species of Wild Ducke. Blngbllled. California and other Gulls. White Pelican. Farallone Cormorant. Caspian. Black and Forster's Terns. Eared Grebe. White-faced Glossy Ibis. Great Blue and Night Herons. Coot and many smaller shore birds. Snowy Heron Is Extinct. . 1 i n ii . .i a.'lp, nn?d ..mil j ia' k w ..... i -. . -i - were discovered, but of the Snowy Herons report recites tnai uui oc........ seen of the thousands, mhlch. until m vtftn m.ma. made their Summer home at Lake Malheur. The plume numers aro responsible for the disappearance of this beautiful -pedes, killing In one Bummer. 1S8. eight thousand dollars' worth of these birds. The slaughter was continued during 1SS7. 1KS8 and lh89. when as high as four hundred to five hundied dollars per day were realised. From 18S9 to the present time the slaughter has continued until but one Snowy He.-on was discovered after many dars careful search. The water surface within this reservation will embrace about one hundred and twenty square miles, but the area of land actually reserved Is comparatively small, much smaller. In fact, than that embraced in some other existing bird reservations. nave trie nonor to rampBiiy ircunnnu lng and the was fe the creation of this Important reservation, and this recommendation is concurred In by the Biological Survey for the Department of Agriculture. It Is urged also by the National Association of Audubon Societies as being, with the Klamath Lake Reserve, created by Executive Order of August 8. 1O08. a long -trlde towards a final solution of the problem of water-fowl preservation In the Pacific Coast States. The proclamation of the President creating the Malheur reservation reads as follows: Proclamation of President, It Is h -reby ordered that al! smallest legal subdivisions which touch the shore line of Lakes Malheur and Harney and the streams and waters connecting these lakes In township IS south, ranges 32. 32 '4 and 33: township "J6 uth. ranges 29. SO. 31: 32 and 33: township 27 south, ranges 29. 2Si. 3 snd 32. all east of the Willamette Meridian. Oregon, together with all Islands and unsurveyed Isnds situated within the meander lines of said lakes and connecting waters, as segregated by the broken line shown upon the diagram hereto attached and made a Dart of this Order, are hereby reserved, i-ubjcct to valid existing rights, and set aside for the uio of the Department of Agriculture as a preserve and breeding ground f-"r native Mrds. The taking or destruction of birds' eggs and nests, and taking or killing of. any species of native bird for any purpose what soever, except under such rules and regula tions as may be prescribed by the Secre tary of Agrlculaure. is prohibited, and warn ing is expressly given to all persons not to commit within the reserved territory any of the acts hereby enjoined. This reserve to he known as l.nke Malheur Reservation." (Signed) THEODORE ROOSEVELT. Klamath Order Similar. The Lake Klamath proclamation was similar, save that It did not provide for the killing of birds by scientists under permit of the Secretary of Agriculture. The Klamath proclamation affects lands surrounding Lower Klamath Lake In townships 39. 40 and 41 south, range 8 and 9, and township 41 south, range 11 east, and townships 47 and 48 north, ranges 1, I. 3 east. The outline of both reservations Is shown on the accom panying maps. In recommending the creation of the Klamath reservation, Secretary Gar field said: Describes Klamath Reserve. I have the honor to submit herewith, for your signature, form for an Executive Order creating the Klamath Lake Reser vation for the protection of native birds. Many suitable places in the tule marshes, which extend for n-any square miles around Klamath Lake and along its outlet, were occupied as breeding grounds for an un known period by countless thousands of many species of water-fowl, but during recent years these annual nesting resorts have been systematically hunted by patd sgents of the millinery supply trade, whose continued depredations, unless stopped at once, promise a total depopulation of the bird Ufa In that nglon at an early day. The territory to be reserved Is a portion Of that authorised by Congress In the act approved February 9, 190.. to be reclaimed by the Reclamation Service, and the form of order as submitted recognises this con dition and is msde subject to reclamation requirements. It is believed, however, that not all of these marsh lands will be re 4Jmed and that abundant and suitable LOWER - ) T 47 At 39 2t SC JO i ye The broken line in the above map Indicates the boundaries of Klamath Lake Reservation for the Protection of Native Birds In Ore gon and California. Thia reservation embraces all islands In Lower Klamath Lake, and all marsh and swamp lands in townships 39, 40 and 41 south, ranges 8 and 8. and township 41 south, range 10, all east .of Willamette Meridian, In Oregon, and in townships " and 48 north, ranges 1. 2 and 3 east, of Mount Diablo Meridian, California. nesting sites will he available within the reserved district after the reclamation work Is completed. Urged by Bird-Lovers. This reserve If strongly urged by the National Association of Audubon Societies and Is indorsed by the Biological Survey for the Department of Agriculture. The phy slcsl character of the district ren ders It peculiarly fitting . and ad vantageous as a breeding site for manv pyiecles of water-fowl of the Pacific Coast region, and its reservation Is there fore earnestly recommended. W.' R. HEARST EXPECTED WILL ARRIVE IX PORTLAND SOOX, PERHAPS TODAY. Local Leaders of Independence Party Xot Informed or Coming. State Headquarters Opened. William Randolph Hearst is expected to arrive in Portland within a short time, probably today, in the interest of the Independence party. However, formal notification of his arrival has not been made by the local managers of the Inde pendence party's campaign. The Presidential campaign by the league was opened yesterday in this state by the establishment of headquarters in Room 10, Breeden building, Third and Washington streets. Paulinas McDonald Is in charge. The rent has been paid and the office fitted up presumably with funds provided by the National committee. A meeting of the state committee of the Independence party will be held Saturday evening, when many matters of impor tance will be discussed. September ' 8 there will be a mass meeting of mem bers of the Independence party. Gesuer Williams, a prominent attorney of Los Angeles, will address the meeting and will outline the work of the approaching campaign. Local speakers are also sched uled to address the members. Preparations for Mr. Hearst's arrival have not been completed, and Indeed there have been no preparations for his recep tion today. Local managers of the Inde pendence party have heard nothing in connection with his immediate arrival, though it is persistently rumored that he Is expected today. GUARANTY PLAN EXTOLLED (Continued From First Page ! the people need Is a system whereby both state and National banks will be compelled to guarantee deposits, and only a Democratic victory can secure this reform. With a Democratic Presi dent ond a Democratic Congress it will be easy to secure the adoption of a system which will make both state and National banks secure. Party's Stand Inconsistent. "And, speaking of platforms, I am glad to call attention to the fact that the Republican platform adopted in Kansas indorses the Democratic Na tloual platform on two Important questions. First. It favors the election of Senators by direct vote of the peo Dle. a reform which the Republican National convention rejected by a vote of. seven to one and which Mr. Taft has never advocated but once, and that only In a half-hearted way. In his notification speech he said that per sonally he was Inclined to favor such a law. but It requires more than a mere inclination toward the law to secure such a -eform. "Another plank Indorsing the Demo cratic platform is to be found in the condemnation of the present rules of the House and in the demand for a modification of the rules. While Mr. Sherman's name is not mentioned. Tie is present rules of the House that the Republican platform on this subject so prominently connected with the cannot be construed otherwise than as a denunciation of him. ' "Here we have the- Republicans of Kansas heartily Indorsing the nomina tion of Taft and Sherman even com mending the speech or acceptance of Mr. Taft while the convention pro ceeds to condemn Mr. Taft's position on the guarantee of banks and Mr. Sherman's position on the subject of rules." Mr. Bryan left at midnight for Lin coln, where he Is expected to arrive to morrow forenoon. Mr. Bryan said in part: Why not make the depositor secure? The United States Government requires the de posit of specific security when It Intrusts money to a National bank, although It can examine the bank at any time; the state requires security when It deposits money In a bank: the ounty requires security, and the city requires security: even the banks require security from the officials who handle money. Why should the depositor bs left to take his chances? Not only Is the depositor without protec tion, but the security given to nation, state, oounty and city lessens his security. They are preferred creditors; they have a mort gage on the gilt-edged assets, and the de positor must get along as best he can with what remains. Why are the Interests of depositors thus neglected 7 Make Facts Confirm to Theory. A bank asks deposits on the theory that the depositor is sure of the return of his money, and the laws ought to make the facts conform o the theory. The depositor, the community and the banker himself will be benefited by legislation which will give to every depositor the assurance that that which Is committed to the keeping of th bank will be available to meet his needs at any time. Such Is not the case today, for while all banks are reasonably secure, they are not absolutely so. No amount of criticism of the timid de positor can change the facts: the people who deposit money want more security than the laws at present give them. They will change banks to get more security, and, If necessary, they will send their money to another state. People Remember Lesson of Last Fall. For many years efforts have been made In Congress and in the various states to secure a law guaranteeing deposits, but the Influence of the great banking Institutions has been sufficient to prevent action. Last Fall, however, when the banks by a con certed action suspended payments on checks, the depositors were everywhere brought to a realization of the fact that their deposits are tn fact loans, payable on demand under ordinary circumstances, but payable at the will of the bank In emergencies. The de positors suffered a considerable lose during the suspension of payments, and they have not forgotten the lesson which they then learned. The Democratic party, being more free than the Republican party to respond to the needs of the masses of the people. Inserted the following plank In Its National platform: "We pledge ourselves to legislation by which the National banks shall be required to establish a guaranty fund for the prompt payment of the depositors of any Insolvent National bank, under an equitable system which shall be available to all state bank ing Institutions wishing to use It.'" This principle has been applied In Okla homa and the results have been very satis factory. The average annual loss to de positors in National banks during the last forty years has been less than one-tenth of one per cent of the deposits, and the loss to the fund In Oklahoma under better regu lations and restrictions has been absolutely nothlng during the six months In which the law has been In operation. The Republican platform Is silent on the subject, and the Republican candidate not only does not advocate a compulsory sys tem, but specifically and emphatically op poses It. He says: Some of Taft's Objections. "The Democratic platform recommends a tsx upon Nstional banks and upon such state banks as may come in, in the nature of enforced insurance to raise a guaranty fund to pay the depositors of any bank which falls.-' And Jhen he questions the right of the Government to enact such a law, saying: "How state banks can be Included In such a scheme under the Constitution Is left In th twilight sone of state rights and federalism so frequently dimming the mean ing and purpose of the promises of th platform. If they come in under such a system, they must necessarily be brought within the closest National control, and so MAP OF LAKE MALHEUR RESERVATION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIVE BIRDS , 9 rz 1 ; i i f JL j. " ' : LAKE MALHEUR. Bird reservation embraces all the territory marked by a broken Una and designated Lake Malheur Reservation on the map. It Includes the shore lines of Lakes Malheur and Harney and their connecting waters, in township 15 south, ranges 32. 32 H and 33. township 26 south, ranges 29. 30. 31. 32 and 33. and township 27 south, ranges 29, 29, 30 and 82. all cast of Willamette Meridian. ENCE 144-14-8 THIRD STREET BET. MORRISON AND ALDER This store will close Friday and Saturday, August 28th and 29th, to take stock in anticipation of disposing of the entire stock, fixtures and lease to the San Francisco Mercantile Company, Inc. lawrence shanahan B. i. Fuigrwves, President. H. o. Casmtor. Ofcrertajy. SAN FRANCISCO MERCANTILE CO. uoeiroitAiiD 162 MONTGOMERY STREET San Francisco, Gal., August 24, 1908. Mr. Lawrence Shanahan, . Portland, Oregon. Dear Sin We reoeived your letter of recent date and beg to state that your price and terme are perfectly satisfactory to us. Our representative will leave at once for your city. Kindly make neoesaary arrangements concerning lease. Respectfully, SAN FRANCISCO MERCANTILE CO., Inc. Per R. J. FULGRAVES ' (Signed) they must really cease to be state banks and become National banks." His solicitude for the state bank will hardly Impress ,the country, tor he is quite Indifferent to states, and their reserved rlshts whan he deals with other subjects When Congress is in the control of those who want to legislate for the whole people rather than for the few. It will not be dif ficult to frame a law under which stats banks csn avail themselves of the advan tages of a Federal law guaranteeing tho deposits of National banks. Just as it was easy in Oklahoma to frame a law which permitted National banks to take advantag a of the state guaranty system It will a so be easy to enact a Federal law which will permit National bank, to ava themselves of state guaranty systems until a National system can be secured. The chief cause of bank failures is the maklnc of excessive loans to directors or "tncM. of "e bank. This 1. the fruitful cause of disaster and It has been impos sible to secure legislation protecting banks from their own officials and directors. Why? Because there ha. been no mutual respon sibility. When all hanks become liable for the deposits of each, the stockholders will Insist upon th. enactment of a law making it a criminal offense for a bank official to loan more than the prescribed amount to one Individual. At present we have a law prohibiting the loaning of more than one tenth of the capital and surplus to one per son or corporation, but the law Is only directory. Of course, the controller can suspend a bank If It violates the law. but the law Is not enforced, because the en forcement of uch a law would throw the punishment upon innocent stockholders and upon the community, since th. suspension of a bank Inflicts a great loss upon stock holders and disturbs the business of the city or town in which the bank Is located The law should make it a criminal of fn to loan more than th. prescribed amount o one person, and we would prob ahlr be able to secure the passage of a law prohibiting market speculation by bank of ficials. Other Objections AnswereA. An objection la sometime made to th. guaranty law that a "new bank would start up across the street" and, being able ta promt. Its depositors absolute security through the guaranty law. could draw th dnpo.it. away from conservatively managed banks by offering a higher rate of interest than th. latter could pay. This objection Is urged a If It were an unanswerable one. Put let us see how easily It can be met. Since the law makes all of th. banks lia ble for the obligations of each bank, the law should prohibit any. abuse of this se curity by any bank, and in Oklahoma the banking board has already axed the rate or interest that can b paid to depositors. According to th rules of the banking board no bank 1 permitted to pay more than S per cent on short-time deposits or more than 4 per cent on time deposits run ning for six months or more. It hss also been urged as an objection that under th guaranty system a big bank would have no advantage ovr a little bank. Even If this argument were sound. It could not weigh against th. advantage, of th y.tem. for banks are made for the people, not the people for the banks. While there are advantages In having big banks, th. advantages are not sufficient to Ju.tlfy the Jeopardising of th depositor or et the busi ness interests of a community. But, as a matter of fact, the big bank would still have several advantages over th. small on.. In th. first place. It could make larger loans than the small bank. For Instance, a bank with $1,000,000 capital and surplus could, as at present, loan fion.ooo to on person, while a bank with $100 000 capital and surplus could only loan $10 000 to on. person. This advantage would In Itself draw to the larg bank th. large deposits and th men doing business upon a large scale, for deposits follow ac commodations. Advantage Over Foetal Savings Banks. The Republican platform does not go Into detail, but It is fair to assume that th. postal savings bank plank is intended as an Indorsement of the postal savings bank sys tem, proposed by the President and Post master-General. Under this plan the Fed eral Government would Invite the deposit of savings, a limit being placed upon th amount that each person or each family could deposit. According to this plan, th business man would not be protected, for he uses a checking account Instead of a savings account; but no one can doubt that the successful operation of a Government savings bank would ultimately lead to an extension of the plan untH the Government bank would include the ordinary checking account and be open to deposits without limit. It would mean a long contest be tween the depositors and the bankers, but a contest which must in the end be de cided on the side of the depositors. The banker must decide, therefore, whether he will favor a postal savings bank which, In the absence of the guaranty bank, will grow until it absorhs the banking busi ness, or preserve the present system of banking by giving to the people, through a guaranty law, the protection which they must otherwise And In a Government bank. The Democratic plan, therefore, contem plates a less radical change than the Re publican plan. In his notification speech Mr. Taft charged the Democrats with be ing socialistic in some of their remedies. The charge was not well founded, but I might reply by charging him with advo cating an unnecessary extension of the Gov ernment's sphere of activity In the estab lishment of the postal savings bank, when the guaranteed bank would answer the same purpose without any considerable increase In the number of Government employes. I would rather se the banks attend to the banking business than to have it trans ferred to the Government, and because I prefer to have the banking business done by the banks rather than by the Govern ment. I urge the guaranty of deposits as the easiest solution of our difficulties. I submit that In this effort to make all banks secure, the Democratlo party Is the champion of the farmer, the laboring ma, th business man, the professional man, and the champion of the banker as well. No class is outside of the benefits of this law, for It bestows Its blessings upon all. Nominated for Congress. Thirty-sixth New York District Will iam H. Follette. pem. Eighth Kentucky District W. L. Beth urm. Rep. Weinhard's Malt Tea, a non-intoxicating: beer, ready for delivery Satur day, August 29. 1908. Phone orders to Henry Weinhard Brewery, Thirteenth and B streets. Main 72; A 1172. A GOOD SET of Brains Can be kept in ood condi tion best by Grape-Nuts FOOD Which contains the material to make good brain cells I it is made by a Food Expert from -wheat and barley. There's a Reason" YAQUINA BAY Oregon's Matchless Beach Resort The Place to Go for Perfect Pv-est and All Sorts of Healthful and Delightful Recreation. ITS FACILITIES ARE COMPLETE Best of food and an abundance of it. Fresh water from springs. All modern necessities, such as telegraph, telephone, markets freshly provided every day. Fuel in abund ance. Cottages partly furnished or unfurnished to be had cheaply. .Strict municipal sanitary regula tions. " SUMMER EXCURSION RATES From All Points in the Northwest NEWPORT is reached by way of the Southern Pacific to Albany ot Corvallis, thence Corvallis & Eastern K. R. Train service daily and the trip a pleasure throughout. Leave Portland 8:15 A- M., main line via Albany, or 7 A. M. via West Side line. KATES FROM PORTLAND Season Tickets, on sala daily $6.00 ' Saturday-to-Monday Tickets $3.00 Call at the city ticket office of the Southern Pacific, Third and Washington streets, in Portland, or at any S. P. agency elsewhere, for complete information. WM. McMURRAY, General Passenger Agent, Southern Pacific Co. Lines in Oregon, Portland, Or. Don't "look for the signature" Just look for the food in a package of It's all food and it's full of muscle-making, life-giving material. It is the new malted corn food, made of the choicest white corn blended with pure barley-malt. Agrees with everybody and tastes good to young and old. Ready-to-serve hot or cold. Your grocer sells it The only Malted Corn Flakes. MM)