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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 13, 1907)
8 T11K MOKMMG OKKGOJNIAJf, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1907. Qfyt (Bmmxwx SI BSC'RIPTIOX KATES. INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE. (By Mall.) fully, Sunday Included, one year $8.00 Dally, Sunday Included, six months 4. 25 Dally, t-unday included, three months.. 8.85 Dally, Sunday Included., o.ie month 75 Daily, without Sunday, one year 6.00 Dally, without Sunday. six month.... 3.85 Dally, without Sunday, three months.. 1.75 Dally, without Sunday, one month...., .I0 Sunday, one year '- 2.5 Weekly, one year (Issued Thursday).. 1-50 Eunday and Weekly, one year 3-ISO BI CARRIER. Dally, Sunday Included, one year 9.00 Dally, Sunday Included, one month 75 HOW TO REMIT (Send postofTlce money order, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at the sender's risk. Give postofflce ad-' dress In full, including- county and state. POSTAGE RATES. Entered at Portland. Oregon, Postofflce as Second-Class Matter. 10 to 14 Fanes 1 cent HI to 2S Tapes 2 cents ;10 to 44 Paces ...3 cents 40 to iM) Pages , 4 cents Foreign postage, double' rates. IMPORTANT The postal laws are strict. Newspapers on which postage is not fully prepaid are not forwarded to destination. EASTERN BUSINESS OFFICE. The S. C. Beckwlth Special Agency New York, rooms 48-50 Tribune building. Chi cago, rooms 510-512 Tribune building. KEPT ON SALE. Chicago Auditorium Annex. Postofflce News Co.. 178 Dearborn Bt St. Paul, Minn N. St. Marie. Commercial Station. Colorado Springs, Colo. Bell, H. H. Denver Hamilton and Kendrlck. 0O0-912 Seventeenth street: PrXt Book -Store. 1214 Fifteenth street; H. p. Hansen. S. Rice, Geo. Carson. Kansas city. Mo. Rlcksecker Clear Co Ninth and Walnut; Yoma News Co.; Harvey News Stand. Minneapolis M. J. C&vanaugh. 50 South Third. Cleveland. O. James Pushaw. 307 Su perior street. Washington. W. C. Ebbttt House. Penn sylvania avenue. Philadelphia. Pa. Ryan's Theater Ticket office; I'enn News Co. New York City L,. Bones & Co.. Astor House; Broadway Theater News Stand; Ar thur Hotallng Wagons; Empire News Stand. Atlantic City. N. J. Ell Taylor. Ogden D. L. Boyle, W. G. Kind. 114 Twenty-fifth street. Omaha Barkalow Bros., Union Station; Magcath Stationery Co. Ies Molne. Ia. Mose Jacob. Sacramento, Cal. Sacramento News Co., 4.'i9 K Street; Amos News Co. Salt l.ake Moon Book & Stationery Co.; Rosenfcld & Hansen; G. W. Jewett. P. O. corner. Los Angeles B. E. Amos, manager seven street wagons. San Diego B. E. Amos. Long; Beach. Cal. B. E. Amos. San Jose, Cal. St. James Hotel News Stand. Ihtllns. Tex. Southwestern News Agent. Kl Paso, Tex. Plaza Book and News Stand. Fort Worth, Tex. F. Robinson. Amarlllo, Tex. Amarlllo Hotel News Stand. New Orleans, I -a. Jones News Co. San Francisco Foster & Crear; Ferry News Stand; Hotel St. Francis News Stand; I.. Parent; N. Wheatley; Falrmount Hotel News Stand; Amos News Co.; United News Agents. 31 Eddy street. Oakland, Cal. W. H. Johnson. Fourteenth and Franklin streets; N. Wheatley; Oakland News Stand; Hale News Co. Cioldfleld, Nev. Louie Follin; C. E. Hunter. Eureka, Cal. Call-Chronicle Agency; Eu reka News Co. PORTLAND, FRIDAY. SEPT. 13, 1007. TARIFF PHILOSOPHY. The Los Angeles Times speaks with wit and wisdom upon many topics, but concerning the tariff It would be guile the Republican party Into ways of darkness and paths of error were its counsels to be followed. "It is particularly satisfactory to the vast majority of the Republican party," says the Times of September 6, "that the President will not at .this time touch upon the tariff," meaning that he will say nothing about It In his next message. We venture to believe that the one fault which the vast ma jority of the Republican party finds with Mr, Roosevelt is his silence touching the tariff and its abomina ble Injustice. He has had something to say about It in recent years, to be sure, but his words were not very in spiring. They were In the nature of an apology for Dingleyism and an as sertion that it Is not among the prin cipal causes of trust extortion; while we all know, In fact, that the prohibi tive tariff admits of no apology and that it is only less helpful than rail road rebates to the monopolists. A r.ian may be a good Republican with ..out shutting his eyes to the plain facts of current history. The Republican masses tolerate the silence of the President upon the wrongs of the tariff because they be lieve that he would take the matter In hand and deal with it vigorously were it not that he fears to excite opposition against other great reforms which he has at heart. Were his next message to denounce the iniquities of the Dingley tariff as unreservedly as It will treat the lawbreaking corpora tions, the whole country would re ceive it with delight. The exceptions would include only those interests which find the tariff a convenient means of conveying other people's money into their own pockets. The Times adds that "there never was a tariff law so generally effective and so generally Just to all the indus tries of the country as the one now in force." . Certainly. It is admirably effective in compelling the American consumer to pay two prices for much that he eats, drinks or wears. It is also effective in enabling the trusts to sell their goods at home for much more than they can get abroad; and in diverting the proceeds of our Na tional industry into the treasuries of the "interests." But this is a species of effectiveness which does not par ticularly endear the tariff to the peo ple. The more they see of it the less :they like, it. In one sense the tariff is "Just to all the industries of the country." It extorts a tertain sum from each one to endow the others; thus carrying on a pleasing game of grab which may deceive the foolish. It is yjust" also in the sense that it enables the trust magnates who con trol our principal industries to plun der the consumer at their own sweet will. But this sort of justice adds no more to the popularity of the) tariff than its effectiveness does. With all its admiration for Ding leyism. the Times discerns that the day' for reduction of duties is near at hand, and it admits, what would have turned gray the locks of Mr. Mc Cleary, that inadequate reduction will increase the revenue from the tariff, because the volume of imports will be multiplied. This will, of course, mag nify the already swollen Treasury sur plus. What shall we do with the money? "Spend it," shouts the .Times with all the insouciance of Colonel Sellers disposing of his imag inary millions. The best economists" we have declare that it is wrong for a government to collect a surplus, of taxation; and that the first duty of a government which has one is to re duce taxes until the surplus- disap pears. But the Times entertains no such heresy. It believes the good old dogma of the jubilant grafters that a nation can get rich by taxing its sub jects and wasting the proceeds. One rather fancies that the American peo ple have read and thought too much of late years to be befuddled by this kind of political philosophy in - the coming Presidential campaign. The sooner the Republican party, puts the tariff permanently out of politics by placing it in the hands of a commit tee of Impartial experts the better for its chances of continued power. BAR AND JURY. ' When a clear case of criminal im morality has been made out against a man, it would seem as though a de cent jury ought to convict him. Nev ertheless, both the .Kalkofen a'hd the Conrad trials were abortive. Neither malefactor was convicted. What shall we conclude from these extraordinary miscarriages of justice? Was the evi dence deficient, or were the Juries not entitled to be called decent? Did they sympathize so strongly with the crim inals, as to disregard their oaths? The evidence against Kalkofen seems to have convinced Judge Frazer, who is a fair-minded man. He told the jury that they had "made a great mistake" in acquitting the accused. Probably their action was worse than a mistake. It was deliberate disre gard of their oath. They swore to try Kalkofen on the law and evidence; they actually tried him on a matter which had nothing to do with either. He was accused of assaulting a girl and his guilt was proved. The jury acquitted him because he had had trouble with Captain Hansen. Their conduct was Inexcusable. But what shall we say of the attorney for the defense, who introduced this ir relevant matter, intending to mislead the jury? Does a lawyer owe no duty to society? Are there no restrictions upon his liberty to befog the courts and pervert justice? The jurymen who acquitted - Kalkofen are either morally perverted or else they are very easily misled. The lawyer who effected the escape of the miscreant of course received a fee for his work. As between lawyer and jury, we prefer the moral state of the latter. Bad as their work was, they were not paid to make it bad. Certainly they were paid, but their fee left them free to be decent if they chose. The lawyer, how ever, had no alternative. He took his fee knowing what he was expected to do for It. and apparently he lived up to the expectation. It is incidents like the Conrad and Kalkofen cases which cause many Americans to despair of the jury system. What they ought to despair of is legal ethics. Juries work well enough with a conscientious bar to set them a good example. When the bar is not conscientious they work as we see them doing every day. THE STATE FAIR. Loyal Oregonians have always held it a civic duty akin to serving on the jury to attend the State Fair. In by gone days.it was the common meet ing point after the bulk of the year's work had been laid by. Then the ex hibits were ilmlted to specimens from near-by counties and the rivalry was intense. Railroads have changed all that and the farthermost end of the state stands a chance to win the blue ribbon. Fares are reasonable and really there is no valid excuse that can keep the able-bodied Oregonian away. There is something restful in a day off at a State Fair. The sleek and glossy horses and cattle, the lowly hog and the meek sheep, the lordly rooster and his flock, aristocrats all, give one a sense of pride in his citizenship of a state that owns such blood. Then there is this year the Corral, where the per son so minded can waste time and money. The races what a dreary desert a fairground would be without races this year will be greater and better than ever, and, while those who have the habit will miss thb stentorian voice of Hon. Frank Davey as starter, there will no doubt be some one to make a noise just as good, or bad. from the several points of view. Thursday is Portland day, and the metropolis owes it to the Capital City to put a bit of life in the old town on that date. WAGES AND FOOD PRICES. The Bureau of Labor has made a careful and exhaustive investigation of wages and the retail prices of food, and has published a report upon its findings that is of more than usual in terest as bearing upon the pcoducing power as applied to the purchasing power of labor. It is shown in this report that in the principal manufac turing and mechanical industries of the country average wages per hour in 1906 were 4.5 per cent higher than in 1905, the regular hours of labor were 0.5 per cent lower and the number of employes in the establishments inves tigated were 7 per cent greater. The average full-time weekly earnings per employe in 1906 were 3.9 per cent greater than in 1905. During 1906 wages were increased generally in nearly all Industries. The greatest in crease was in the manufacture of cot ton goods, where the average wages per hour were 11.2 per cent higher than in the previous year; in the manufacture of electrical apparatus and supplies the increase was 10.1 per cent: In street and sewer work done by contract the increase was 8.7 per cent. In other industries the increase ranged from 5 to 6.9 per cent. In the industries as a whole, measured ac cording to importance, the Increase in hourly wages was 4.5 per cent. These figures do not apply to salaries. The retail prices of food, measured according to consumption in repre sentative workingmen's families, were 2.9 per cent higher in 1906 than in 1905. As the advance in wages per hour was greater than the advance in the retail prices of food, the purchas ing power of an hour's wages waa greater In 1906 than in the preceding year. Succinctly stated, an hour's wages in 1906 in the manufacturing and mechanical industries of the United States would purchase 1.4 per cent more food than an hour's wages in 1905, and a full week's wages in the year first named would purchase 1 per cent more food than in the last. The price of food was higher every month of 1906 than in the corre sponding month of 1905. The increase grew steadily greater throughout the year, the price in December, 1906, be ing 5.1 per cent above that of the pre ceding December. The price in De cember, 1906, was 4.8 per cent higher than the average for the entire year of 1906, which showed a higher aver age than any other year during: the seventeen years 1890 to 1906 cov ered by the investigation. The articles of domestic consump tion that showed the greatest advance in prices in 1906 over 1905 were lard, 9.8 per cent; evaporated apples, 9.1 per cent; fresh pork, 8.8- per cent; dry or pickled pork, 8.7 per cent; bacon, 8.4 per cent; ham, 7.3 per cent; while the advance in fresh fish and mutton exceeded 5 per cent. Flour and sugar alone showed a decrease. The articles that showed the sharp est advance in December, 1906, over the same month of the previous wear were: Butter, 15 per cent; lard, 13.9 per cent; fresh pork, 12.2 per cent; bacon, 11.1 per cent, and ham, 9.8 per cent. Potatoes and flour shdwed a slight decline in that month. Summarizing, the price of the prin cipal articles of food of ordinary fam ily consumption was 15.7 per cent higher in 1906 than the average price for the ten years from 1890 to 1899. Compared with the average for the same ten-year period, the purchasing power of an hour's wages in 1906 was 7.3 greater end f a full week's wages 2.4 per cent greater. , It would seem from these official f! ures and comparisons thnt the house wife's plaint that "everything is so high" is well based, and that the la borer's repeated demand for a higher wage to meet the higher demand for food was on the whole well based. IS RADICALISM PERMANENT? Some of the Anti-Roosevelt papers published in the East are gravely dis cussing the question whether "Radical ism is permanent or not." By "Radi calism" they mean Mr. Roosevelt's work of punishing rich criminals and compelling stiff-necked corporations to obey the law. The Eastern plutocrats expected the heavens to fall the day the President began this work and they have not yet ceased to wonder that the firmament stands and the earth continues In its orbit. "How long, O Lord, how long?" Ls their per petual cry. Their perturbation is nat urally increased by the uncertainty which of them may be called upon next to go to jail or fork over a sumptu ous fine. We can answer their question easily enough, if that will be any consolation to them: Part of the "Radicalism" will be permanent and part will not. The corporation pirate is a stupid fowl at everything but gathering in other peo ple's money; still it is reasonable to hope that even he, in course of time, can learn the lesson that he must obey the law. Hence this aspect of the Pres ident's radicalism is probably tempo rary. But will there ever come a time when rich syndicates ought to be permitted to break the law at their pleasure? If not, then that form of radicalism which consists in punishing their crimes is likely to be permanent. We are very sorry not to be able to promise the greedy plutocrats a millennial period when they can steal with impunity to their hearts' content; but the stern fact is as it is. The best hope we can hold out is that the radicalism which re strains them may perhaps be intermit tent. They may elect a President of their own sort some day, and then there will be an interlude of joyous plunder. The anticipation of that hap py, though uncertain, time ought to mitigate somewhat their present mis eries. They are welcome to all the comfort they can get from It. . THE TAILOR'S TRIUMPH. The remarks of Bishop Moore to the Methodist ministers at Spokane about their clothes contrast vividly with the counsels of another eminent religious Personage to another group of preachers upon the same subject. Bishop Moore's advice was delivered only the other day. The opposing counselor spoke some twenty centuries ago. Hence the advantage of modern ity is all with the bishop. Still, the other Personage enjoys a certain pres tige in the Methodist Church, In spite of his antiquity, and his words are often heard with respect even if they are seldom obeyed. We venture, therefore, to compare his sartorial precepts with the .bishop's "Take no thought," said he, "wherewithal ye shall be clothed." Tour Heavenly Father knoweth what you need and he will attend to it. Reserve your mental energy for more important matters, saving souls, for example. Consider the lilies. They neither sew nor spin, but, for all that, they are very prettily clad. If he looks out for the lilies so well, will he not see that you have coats and trousers accord ing to your need? Thus the Ancient Sage. But Bishop Moore thinks oth erwise. ' "Christian ministers,'1 he declared, "should always appear in neat and proper raiment." They must not wear a sixteen-inch collar on a fourteen inch neck, and their linen must be as immaculate as their souls. "Many a minister in this church has lost his chances for an excellent appointment by wearing ill-fitting or soiled cloth ing." So the bishop taught. This is something of a remove from the early doctrine of the Methodists that it was little less than a sin to adorn the body. While the sect still glowed with the holy fervor of John Wesley, "neat and proper raiment" would have been no recommendation to a minister. When a man stood preaching the wrath of God against sin, making the beams of heaven bend with his thunderous elo quence and gathering the lost into the kingdom by the hundred, who cared whether his collar fitted or not? Who n ticed the grease spots on his coat? When Billy Sunday grows warm with exhortation he pulls off his coat and tears away his collar. Nor is his har vest of souls diminished because he strips to reap It. What the Methodists once de nounced as ungodly is now recom mended ex-cathedra by a bishop. The executive head of the denomination enjoins what the Lord of the church forbade. We have had occasion be fore this to lament the mere sem blance of loyalty which Jesus receives in some of the churches, his com mands being praised but not obeyed. This Incident, perhaps, illustrates the same theme. Does the new emphasis upon coats, collars and pantaloons in dicate a growing worldliness in the church? Is she relaxing her belief in the vanity of earthly things and be ginning to prefer them to the Joys of heaven ? We gather from Bishop Moore's re marks that he sets a vastly greater value upon bodily adornment and gaudy apparel than his predecessors did a quarter of a century ago. The circuit rtder of a time still earlier never lost "an excellent appointment" because his clothes did not fit. John Wesley must frequently have appeared before his congregations in garments anything but neat. He was mobbed altogether too often. Why are" preach ers in these days never mobbed? Is it because they have conquered the world or because the world has con quered them? We do not mean to argue that min isters should not wear good clothes, if they can buy or beg them. But with the world slipping more and more rapidly away from churchly influence, with the sheep astray and the harvest unreaped, it seems strange that a bishop addressing his flock of minis ters could have forgotten human souls and their salvation long enough to talk about collars and pantaloons. Is our religion becoming a mere matter of fine clothes, of good manners and polite speech? Are we to see the clergy purchase worldly comfort and prosperity by conforming to the fash ions of the sinners whom they ought to scourge? "Dear Pastor, tell me the story of the cross," cries a par ishioner under conviction of sin. "In a moment, madame," replies the ele gant divine, pirouetting before his mirror. "Let me first oil my hair and scent my handkerchief. How does my coat fit In the back?" Is this what we are coming to? The statement published several days ago that the Government "loan" of $1,000,000 for the promotion of the Jamestown Fair would resolve itself Into a Government "gift," and that no part of the large sum advanced by vote of Congress to aid this enterprise was likely to be returned, proved to be premature. It is now stated that the Secretary of the Treasury received on the 5th of September a check for $50,000 from the managers of the fair to appropriate on the sum advanced, and that other substantial payments are assured in the near future. It is now confidently expected that the Government debt will be materially reduced during September and Octo ber, which it is predicted will be the best-paying months of the Exposition. . There is something in the name and everything in the method. In an ad dress before the Horticultural Society at Grand Rapids, Professor S. W. Fletcher, of the Michigan Agricultural College, grieved that "when Oregon's Hood River Spitzenbergs sell for J3.60 per bushel box, Michigan Spitz enbergs sell in the same market for J 3 per three-bushel barrel." He placed credit to uniformity and pack ing. Hood River gets glory and money, too. "Oregon's Yamhill Spitz enbergs" would be jus,t as distinctive under like conditions. The time is ripe for a Fall awakening. As prince of boosters, let us com mend Secretary Taft. In a Tacoma interview referring to the Pacific Northwest he said: "The possibilities of development are so great that I really am unable to comprehend the magnitude it may reach in twenty years." Here is an utterance, not copyrighted, that may be made to do service for every Board of Trade, Chamber of Commerce and Commer cial Club from Bellingham to Ash land and Pocatello to Astoria. It is time wasted by Crown Princess Cecille's cook attempting to learn fa vorite American cuisine at the exclu sive St. Regis in New York. To win the secret of Yankee pies he has got to go to the farmhouse of a native. As for buckwheat cakes and flapjacks, the genuine article in it3 highest and most perfect form Is not to be found east of Wyoming. After observations in California and a visit to Rogue River, President W. J. Kerr, of the Oregon Agricultural College, says that the latter locality has the best climate and soil for grapegrowing. Then let us boom Rogue River as a grape producer. Says the London Times anent the Vancouver riots: "The rights of all persons who visit British soli must be unflinchingly upheld." Visit? May not emotions aroused by the "visit" of un welcome foreigners be likened unto the mother-in-law's? A Circuit Judge has been watting six days for a train to carry him to Hepp ner. Wonder if the Railroad Com mission could guess where there is a good place to bring a test case against a railroad for inadequate service?- Bishop Moore advises ministers to wear collars that fit, and to have the linen clean. Has he any objections to a bachelor minister, who serves a flock that does not pay, wearing a celluloid collar, provided it fits? Bishop Moore, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, this week publicly advised his ministers to dress well. His counsel is coincident with the opening of Fall styles at the clothinp empori ums. Net earnings of $18,800,000 by the Milwaukee road and 7 per cent divi dend on .common as well as preferred stock go a long way toward neutral izing Wall-street croaks. Poultrymen are to organize at the Washington State Fair at Yakima. Is this for the purpose of increasing the size of eggs, raising the price or di minishing the age? If Secretary Taft had made his pre diction of the Pacific Northwest's fu ture to a Seattle reporter, real estate would instantly have been marked up 10 per cent. Hei.rietta Crosman has been wound ed in the rehearsal of a duel scene. And yet you hear pessimists declare that press agents never offer anything new. The American education of the German Royal Princess' cook will not be complete until he has learned Port land crawfish and how to cook them. Packers at Astoria are bidding up on prices in order to get the fish. The honest fishermen are about to get their due. Salem wants its gas rate cut from J2. to $1 per thousand. Two dollars does look a little high, for a fact. At 7 1-2 cents' a pound, it won't cost the thrifty housewife very much for the hops she uses in yeast. Elisor Biggy is now Chief of Police of San Francisco. At last we know what an elisor ls for. Let's see, there used to be a man named Fairbanks. What's become of him? This weather is Just exactly what the hopgrowers ordered. CZAR'S YACHT STILL OX ROCKS Imperial Family Escapes and Keeps Disaster Secret. ST. PETERSBURG, Sept. 12. No offi cial announcement had been made here up to 1:30 o'clock this afternoon In regard to the grounding of the imperial yacht Standart on Horsoa. near Hango, Fin land, yesterday afternoon.' The news has been withheld even from the embassies. Not a hint of the accident has been al lowed to reach the public, and the news papers have been forbidden to publish a word on the subject under pain of heavy fines and imprisonment, as provided for by the recent drastic order prohibiting the publication of unofficial news regarding the imperial family. The Associated Press, however, learns that the grounding of the yacht on board of which were Emperor Nicohlas and Empress Alexandra and their family, produced a depressing effect upon Cap tain Stagin, the commander of the ves sel. The Standart lies in a most unfavor able position upon some rocks which are submerged at high tide, but exemplary order was maintained on board and. news of the disaster being telegraphed to the naval authorities, several warships and salvage steamers were hurried to Horsoe. At 10 o'clock last night the im perial party left the Standart and was taken on board the dispatch boat Asia while urgent orders were telegraphed to St. Petersburg to have imperial yacht Alexandra sent to Horsoe. where she is expected in the course of the day. STAXDART IS BADLY DAMAGED Bow Under Water and Large Rents Torn In Bottom. HELSINGFORS, Finland, Sept. 12. The imperial party which recently was in the Gulf of Vlborg on the Standart, evidently intended to make a trip to the beautiful archipelago in Rilax Bay, a short distance southwest of Hel singfors. The chief pilot of the dis trict was piloting the Standart when she ran on the uncharted rocks. The Standart has not been refloated. She went on the rocks amidships, her bow afterwards sank considerably, and her after part rose ten feet above the rocks. The yacht Is sheltered from the wind, but has two large rents in her bottom, one of them 42 feet long. The coast is now crowded with war ships and other vessels. The Emperor, who with the imperial family was transferred to a dispatch boat, watches with interest the efforts to refloat the Standart. REFUSES JAPAX COXCESSIOXS China Successfully Resists Demands for Land in Manchuria. MUKDEN, Sept. 12. For two months the persistent demands of the Japanese for concessions of forests, mines, land, salthouses and other things desired have been stubbornly refused by the Chinese viceroy and governor. In consequence of his ill-success, the Japanese consul-general has been transferred to another point, the struggle in the meantime be ing abandoned, though reprisals are threatened. The Chinese conducted the difficult ne gotiations withy great ability, indicating a restoration of self-confidence and an Intelligent perception of political condi tions, national rights being recognized and defended without fear. Great progress has been made in all departments of the government con cerned In Manchuria and a strong army of 40,000 men Is safeguarding tne future peace of the country. The viceroy will soon leave on an Inspection tour of the Northern provinces. The harvest is abundant. The Japanese population and commerce are Increasing steadily and other trade prospects are good. Berlin Ripper Breaks Jail. BERLIN. Gept. 12. An Insane man named Lolski, arrested on suspicion that he was the "ripper" who murdered sev eral school girls recently, has escaped from the observation ward of the prison hospital. It ls feared he will perpetrate fresh crimes. STICKS KXIFE IXTO IIERRIX Roosevelt - Rejects Boss' Candidate for Postmaster of Berkeley. SAN FRANCISCO. Sept. 12. President Roosevelt has thrown down the gage of battle to the California Congressional del egation by naming for the postmastership of Berkeley Clarence C. Merrill, who ls opposed by the Congressman of the dis trict, Joseph R. Knowland, and is recom mended by President Benjamin Ide Wheeler, of the university. By this ac tion Roosevelt lias forced into the open the enemies of the administration who have secretly planned to send to the next National Republican Convention a delegation from California opposed to him and his policies. Further, he has put the knife into E. H. Harrlman and his representative in this state, W. F. Her rin, the Republican boss, by turning down their choice, Charles Thomas, and nam ing Merrill. Roosevelt wired to Congressman Know land yesterday afternoon that he had ap pointed Merrill and the Congressman has accepted the defeat as philosophically as possible by explaining that it ls merely a recess appointment and that there ls still some chance for Thomas. The ap pointment of Thomas was opposed by a large number of the citizens of the col lege town on account of the influences be hind him. President Wheeler made a per sonal fight against him, although he ls an alumnus of the university, because he be lieved the postofTlce should not be in volved In a low political fight. Reserve Meat Supply on Canal. WASHINGTON, Sept. 12. In prep aration for any emergency, Colonel Goethals, englneer-ln-charge of the Panama, canal, has arranged for stor ing in the refrigerator plant at Colon, a large quantity of meat supplies. The Isthmian Canal Commission has ap proved his suggestion to send to the isthmus 1400 quarters of beef. A large supply of coal also Is to be sent. The commission denies that there has been any shortage either of meat supplies or coal on the isthmus. DEAD OF THE NORTHWEST Edwin Gray. LA CENTER. Wash., Sept. 12. (Spe cial.) Edwin Gray, more recently of Cas tle Rock, died here suddenly September 10 of heart disease, aged 64 years. Gray had been in poor halth for a year of more. He located at La Center in 1892, he and his wife coming from Canada, where he was engaged in the business of raising blooded stock. He was Interested in the Royalty shingle mill. After reach ing La Center, he lived for a time on Judge Denny's farm on the Lewis River. His wife died 13 years ago. He had made several trips to London with blooded stock, prior to coming to Washington. He became widely known in La Center and vicinity. He was highly i regarded. The body will be shipped to Hamilton, Canada, for burial. Taft's Mother Will Recover. WORCESTER. Mass.. Sept. 12. Mrs. Louisa Taft, mother of the Secretary of War, was 80 years old yesterday and for the first time since she became ill on July 25, she sat up and received callers. Her physician asserts that she will soon recover completely. Pasteurize Milk to Save Infant Life Nathan Straus Tells of Reduction in Death Bate Already Caused. Raw Milk Chief ; Cause of Tuberculosis. BRUSSELS, Sept. 12. Immense re ductlon In Infant mortality In New ! York has resulted from pasteurizing milk under the direction of Nathan Straus, who told what he had accom plished In a paper on "American Solu tion of the Milk Problem," read at to day's session of the Congres de Gouttes de Lalt. He recalled that at the last congress he had been a solitary voice In favor of pasteurizing milk os a protection to child life. He quoted from an article he contributed to the Forum in 1894, advocating this measure, but said his statements were received with incred ulity, only last May a medical commis sion having declared the danger of tuberculosis infection through milk to be slight. Mr. Straus said that since he had provided pasteurized milk for the ba bies of New York City, the infantile death rate had decreased from 96.2 per 1000 In the year 1892. to 55 per 1000 in 190S. This had brought conviction that the virtue of his milk was pas teurization. Epidemics of infectious diseases in other places, especially Boston and Chicago, were directly traced to the use of raw and Infected milk. Scientific men decided that pub lic safety demanded pasteurization. Dr. Ernst J. Lederle. ex-Health Commis sioner of New York, declared that it should be Insisted on where proof was lacking that dairy herds were free from tuberculosis. Government ex perts proved that the peril of tubercu losis in milk was far greater and more pregnant than generally understood. Professor M. J. Roseman, of the Public Health Service, proved that advantages of pasteurization far exceeded disad vantages. Finally this Summer Presi dent Roosevelt ordered an official In vestigation with a view to Federal legislation. These s-eps were the re sult of the revelation of millions of babies left daily at the mercy of dis ease germs hidden in the ordinary market milk. Mr. Straus continued: In five American cities Infant milk sta tions are now maintained and are achieving remarkable results In reducing infant mor tality. In New York City, my own work has ex tended from one central station to 17 de pots and the output of pasteurized milk has Increased from 34.000 bottles in 18!:i to 3.140,2.12 bottles and 1.078.405 glasses in 1H0M. A total of at least a.r.OO.OOO bottles and 1.500,fKH glasses Is already indicated for this year. In addition, more or less efficient pasteurization Is being done by dealers to the extent of about 300.000 quarts a day. Early this Summer the municipal govern ment of Nw York adopted a forward pol icy In setting apart public funds for the building of model milk stations In the pub lic parks In the congested tenement dis tricts, but the city will depend upon private philanthropy to provide the supplies of milk to be dispensed at these stations. Several years ago I gave the first Impetus to the work in Chicago by the donation of a pasteurizing plant, and now the Milk Com mission of the Children's Hospial Society, a private charity, maintains ten infant milk depots from which 400.000 bottles of pasteurized milk were dispensed In 1006. But the good effect of this work, so far ats could be shown In the vital statistics of the city, was obscured by the ravages of epi demics of scarlet fever and diphtheria, caused bv the Infection of a large part of the cltVs dally supply of raw milk in two big dairy centers, and by the neglect of the health authorities either to exclude this milk or to require that It be pasteur ized. , ... In Philadelphia I was able to supply the means to make a practical demoastratlon of the value of pasteurization in preserving infant lives, and have had the satisfaction of seeing that nine infant milk depots, maintained by the Modified Milk Society. In 1I18. distributed !1.16 bottles of pasteur ized milk, and that the percentage of mor tality of children under 5 years has been reduced from C-' per cent In 1001 to 47 pe cent In 10O0. In like manner, as a direct result of my donation of a pasteurizing plant to St. Louis, the Pure Milk Commis sion of that city now maintains 13 depots nnd distributed COO.OOrt bottles of pasteur ized milk in 10. Jersey City has adopted the infant milk: depot plan as a municipal enterprise. Mayor Mark M. Fagan. recognizing ; the duty of the city to protect the lives of the children. lu established a pasteurization plant and has cpened four infant milk depots, all main tained at the public expense. He quoted a statement made by him at the Paris Congress in 1905, that raw milk, diseased milk, caused the largest percen tage of sickness; that disease and death lurk In milk without arousing suspicion by taste, smell or appearance: that the only safe rule is municipal pasteurization. He declared that American scientific men especially had proved that raw milk was the common cause of tuberculosis and quoted Professor von Behring as having said in 1903: "The milk fed to Infants is the chief cause of consumption." He quoted Dr. E. C. Shroeder of the Bureau of Animal Industry, who with Dr. W. E. Cotton had made practical experi ments and exhaustive tests, as saying: The presence of a single tuberculosis cow in a dairy stable may be responsible for In troduction of infectious material into the milk of healthy cattle. Observations definitely show that the fre quency with which milk contains tubercle bacilli is greatly underestimated, especially when it Is milked in the customary ay from tuberculous cows with healthy udders, or from entirely healthy cows In a tubercu lous environment. Dr. A..D. Melvln, Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry indorses the conclusions of Drs. Schroeder and Cotton in these words: The work as a whole shows that the gen eral condition or appearance of a tuber cuIoub animal gives no Indication as to the time when it will begin to distribute tubercle bacilli and become dangerous; that the milk from all tuberculous cattle, irrespective of the condition of their udders, should be re garded as dangerous, and that even milk of healthy cows. If it is drawn In the en 'OLD MOTHER HUBBARD vironment of tuberculous cattle, may con tain tubercle bacilli. Mr. Straus further said: Dr. Schroeder joined with Schlossmann and von Behring In the belief that all tu berculosis, at whatever age it makes its appearance, is due to tubercle bacilli intro duced into the body through the Intestines during the milk-drinking period of life. He said that Washington, D. C, had an outbreak of typhoid fever which was traced to the milk supply and that the West Point Academy had eradicated ty phyd by pssteurls-ing milk. As a result a Joint committee from the Public Health Service and the Department of Agricul ture strongly advocated ""clarification and pasteurization of all milk," recommended the establishment of pasteurization plants nnd that meantime milk be pasteurized at home by being brought to the boiling point. For the purpose of putting this policy in effect, the District of Columbia had classified milk as follows: Class 1. Certified milk, produced under ideal conditions from herds proved free from tuberculosis by the tuberculin test, handled by persons free from Infection, put into sterilized bottles, delivered within 12 hours from the time of milking and not to contain more than 6000 bacteria to the cubic centi meter. Class IX. Inspected milk, produced from cows proved free from tuberculosis, but under less perfect conditions than class I. and not to contain more than 100,000 bac teria to the cubic centimeter. Class 111. Pasteurized milk. All milk of unknown origin or which does not come up to the requirements of classes I or II to be pasteurized by heating to 150 degrees Fahrenheit 6. degrees Centigrade) for 20 minutes, or 160 degrees Fahrenheit (70 de grees Centigrade) for 10 minutes. Ke said that the work of extending this policy was being pushed and he believed that parstejriziition of milk would soon be required by Federal statute. He con tinued: That this will mean a steady reduction in the Infantile death rate, I can assert from experience; that it will mean a con siderable decrease in the number of new cases of tuberculosis annually reported I can assert on the authority of such names as von Behring. Schloszmann and Hchroeder. and I think that none will venture to con tradict me. when they consider that pasteur ization means the eviction of the tubercle bacilli from the milk bottles. In America, though the Federal Govern ment has indorsed our campaign for pasteur ized milk supplies in an authoritative utter ance, we have still to make this policy ef fective by securing mandatory legislation and by bringing health officers to the point of requiring the pasteurization of all doubt ful milk. I come from America to this congress for the sole purpose of helping along a work In which I am deeply interested. As an evidence of that fact. I stand ready to sup ply pasteurizing plants, up to the number of ?5, for service In any place or places where the need of one is pressing and the means are lacking to provide it. ALL READY FOR THE RIVER Presidential Arrangements Complet ed for Mississippi Trip. WASHINGTON, Sept. 12. General Mac kenzie, Chief of Engineers, has practical ly completed arrangements for the trip down the Mississippi River of President Roosevelt and the Inland Waterways Comimsslon next month. It is probable that the President will travel on a special boat, and that the Commission will be accommodated on another craft. It has been decided to house the Commission on the Government boat Mississippi, which is the boat employed by the Mississippi River Commission on its regular tours of inspection. The lighthouse tender Lily has been as signed for the exclusive use of the Pres ident and his party, which will be made up of Assistant Secretary L.- tta. Secret Service men and representatives of the press associations. The Lily ls under or ders to await the President at Keokuk. Iowa, on September 30. though probably the Presidential party will not arrive there from Canton before October 1. XEED MANY TOXS OF COAL Immense Amount to Get Fleet From Atlantic to Pacific. WASHINGTON, Sept. 12. Two hundred and fifty-three thousand tons of coal, ex clusive of that to be shipped in Govern ment colliers, will be required to get the Atlantic battleship fleet to the Pacific Coast and properly coal it at Mare Is land, according to the estimates made by the equipment bureau of the Navy De partment, which has called for proposals for supplying the. necessary fuel. Of this aggregate, 133.000 tons are semi bltumlnous and the remainder Welsh coal. The former is to be shipped from Atlantic ports In vessels either In Ameri can or foreign register, according to terms. Tigers Charter Steamer Kellogg. KELSO. Wash.. ept 12. The Kelso Tigers chartered the steamer Joseph Kel logg today for an excursion to the ball game at St. John, next Sunday. This is the last excursion of the season, and will doubtless be well patronized. The steamer will leave Kelso at 7:30 A. M., and will stop at Rainier on the trip. French Army Maneuvers Begin. ANGOULEME. France, Sept. 12. The regular Autumn army maneuvers began today. In the presence of Minister Pic quart. WENT TO THE CUPBOARD' From the Chicago Inter-Ocean.