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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (June 5, 1907)
8 THE MORNING OKEGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 190" r' CBSCRIPTIOX RATES. XNVAKIABT.Y IN ADVANCt (By Mall.) rally, Sunday Included. on year $8.00 t'Ally, Sunday Included, six months.... 4.23 Dally, Sunday Included, three months.. 2.-3 IM!y. Sunday Included, one month 75 Jaily, without (Sunday, one year 8.00 2aily, without Hunday, six months.... 3.25 TJaily. without Sunday, three months.. 1.75 Ially, without Sunday, one month 80 Sunday, one year 2.50 Weekly, one year (issued Thursday).... l.oO buaday and Weekly, one year S.50 BY CARRIER. T)ally, Sunday Included, one year 00 Ially, bunday Included, one month 73 HOW TO REMIT Send postofflce money order, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at the sender's risk. Give postofflce ad dress In full, Including- county and state. POSTAOE RATES. Entered at Portland, Oregon, Fostoffle as Mecond-Class Matter. JO to 14 Pag.-s 1 cent 3 to 2S Paces 2 cents SO to 41 Pages 3 cents 4 to 80 Pak-es 4 cents F-trelun pontage, double rates. IMPORTANT The postal laws are strict. S'ewspapers on which postase Is not fully prepaid are not forwarded to destination. EASTERN BUSINESS OFFICE. The 8. C. Reckwlth. Kneelnl Aaencr New jorx, rooms Tribune ounoing. t-oi caco, rooms dlo-bl2 Tribune tmliuins. KEPT OS SALE Chicago Auditorium Annex, Postofflce ews Co., 178 Dearborn sL St. Fault M1"" N. St. Marie, Commercial Ctntlon. Irnver Hamilton 4V Hendrlck, 906-912 r-eventeentli street; Pratt nook blore. Fifteenth street: H. P. Hansen, 8. Rice. Kansas City, Mo. Rlcksecker Cigar Co., Ninth and Walnut; Sosland News Co. Minneapolis M. J. Cavanaugh, 50 South Third; Eagle News Co., corner Tenth and Eleventh: loink News Co. Cleveland, O. James Pushaw, SOT Su gterlor street. Washington, D. C. Ebbltt House, Penn sylvania avenue. Philadelphia, Pa, Ryan's Theater Ticket efflce: Kemhle. A. 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Norfolk, Va Jamestown Exposition News fetaml; Potts & Roeder; Schneider & Kaiser. line Beach, Va. W. A. Cosgrove. PORTLAND, WKDNESDAY, JIVE 5. 1907. A GREAT CHANGE . IV MINNESOTA. A few months ago the captains of industry were weeping and wailing over the terrible blows that had. been truck at the reserved rights of the Mates. This was while tho rate bill was before Congress. Its passage, they declared, would be the final outrage "which would demolish the Constitution. Nothing would be left of thoso sacred Hate rights for which the revolution ary fathers bled and died. Congress had indeed some shadowy authority over interstate commerce, ibut it was too vague and spectral ever to be made of practical account. The real, effective regulation of the railroads was a priv ilege rigorously reserved to the sep arate states. Thus Mr. Aldrlch argued with tearful pathos and Mr. Foraker took tho same ground. A little while afterward, "ere those tears were dried" which Aldrlch and Foraker shed over the destruction of the Constitution by the rate bill, the estates began to exercise their reserved rights. They began to make practical use of the sacrosanct privilege of reg ulating the railroads which Washing ton, Franklin and Jefferson bad for evrr secured to them. Nebraska, Ohio. Tirglnla, Minnesota and other states passed laws which fixed a maximum for passenger and. In some cases, for freight charges. Then came the great transformation scene. Like a flock of sheep before the devouring wolf the captains of industry, shepherded by their lawyers, fled to the Federal Courts. Of course they were not scared on their own account, but the pre cious Constitution was again in dan ger. Shattered by Congress when it passed the rate bill, that long-suffering document had now been torn to shreds by the state Legislatures. It was dis covered that the reserved rights of the state were quite as unconstitu tional as the Interstate Commerce Commission with its power over rates. In fact, the final doctrine of the mil lionaires and their lawyers seems to tie that anything whatever is unconsti tutional which really cuts down the charges of the roads and compels them to treat all their patrons alike. It Is in Minnesota that the change Is most startling. Minnesota enacted a law regulating both freight and pas senger tariffs. This ought to have set the captains of industry off into fits of joy. It was the "reserved rights," their adored fetich. In practical opera tion. Foraker ought to have written a paean and Aldrlch should have danced a hornpipe to see their theory of railroad regulation so triumphantly applied. But nothing of the kind hap pened. The captains of industry and their lawyers are beautifully superior to consistency. They went sorrowfully to the Federal Court and begged for an injunction against the enforcement of the state law which a short time before had looked so tantallzingly lovely to them. The ground for the in junction was that "The sole power to regulate commerce rests in the Na tional Government." To borrow an ex pression from the classics, wouldn't that jar you? Not interstate com merce, mind, but all commerce is to be regulated by Congress henceforth If their new theory is adopted by the courts. And it may he adopted, for judges are lawyers and the more in tricately unreasonable a proposition looks to the laity the more attractive It ts to the legal intellect. The logic with which the Minnesota lawyers support this novel doctrine would have been a delight to Alice in Wonderland. Here it Is, denuded of Its -legal swathings and perplexities. The total amount of a railroad's earn ings is the sum of its earnings in each separate state. Hence every state law fixing rates affects this total and there fore affects interstate commerce. It follows that every such state law is unconstitutional. Beautiful is it not? It is equal to tho schoolmen's calcula tion of the number of angels who could dance on a needle's point. It is inge nuity run mad. By similar reasoning It 1a easy to prove that no state has a ousUtutlonal right to enact any law whatever to regulate corporate busi ness. For example, a law to tax rail roads in Oregon affects their profits here and therefore affects the sum total of their profits throughout the Nation. Hence it pertains to inter state commerce and is unconstitu tional. But any reasoning passes muster with our corporations and their attor neys which will cover an evasion of the law. What they really want is to escape from legal control. When the Federal Government touches them they shriek for state control. When the states curtail their privileges they flee to the Federal courts. They want the full protection of the law with none of its restraints or burdens. Instead of submitting like good citizens to rea sonable' control and paying their taxes honestly they wriggle from one court to another in a ceaseless effort to elude all authority. The manifest purpose of the corporation lawyers is to es tablish the principle that neither the states nor the Nation can constitu- tionaiiy regulate the railroads. Their belief plainly is that, once emancipated from regulation, they can resume the course of unrestricted plunder and dis crimination which was followed for so many years before Mr. Roosevelt took things in hand. They long for the fleshpots of Egypt. The latest reports of the Government officials show plainly enough that many great cor porations have no intention of obeying the Interstate commerce act unless forced to do so with a strong hand. But the ultimate outcome of this sys tematic rebellion against control is not likely to be what the corporation law yers expect. Once convince the people that the great corporations are beyond regulation and we come, face to face with public ownership. It cannot be evaded. Perhaps the captains of in dustry want public ownership. Per haps that is what they pay their law yers to promote by the method of In direction. But whether they . want it or not. and whatever It is that they pay their lawyers for, one thing is certain. Every move such as they have just made in Minnesota brings government ownership appreciably nearer. SORRY DAYS FOR THE GREEDT. Before the election. The Oregonian offered congratulations to City Attor ney, Treasurer, Judge, Engineer and Councilmen. because they seemed to have hypnotized the people into voting them more pay. just as others last Win ter County Auditor, Assessor, Treas urer, School Superintendent, Justices of the Peace and numerous deputies hypnotized the Legislature Jnto enact ing more pay for county officers. The congratulations were premature, for it turns out the people were not hypno tized. The office-holding patriots will go on serving the public for the old salaries, which they were glad to get. As condolences now seem in order. The Oregonian will substitute them for congratulations. The people's injunction against higher salaries shows that the in creased pay for county officers would be enjoined the same way, had the peo ple the opportunity to put the ban upon them. The county office-holders will draw forty per cent -more pay. They are lucky that the electors of Multnomah did not call the ref erendum on their more-pay appe tite. The gentlemen in the soft seats of the courthouse are better favored than their neighbors in the city hall palace. The County Auditor is lifted from $2000 to $2400 a year, and his deputies correspondingly; Treasurer from $2000 to $2500; School Superin tendent from $1500 to $2500: each of two Justices of the Peace from $2000 to $2400, and Assessor from $3000 to $4500, this increased salary for the Assessor Treasurer and School Superintendent to be paid after the county elections next year. All these office-holders, in taking the money, should give thanks that the people have nothing to say about it and can't prevent. The city Council will now perceive that the electors have taken the measure of its members and found that $100 a month exceeds the measure of their statesmanship. This is a sorry revelation for the members of the Council. But they, like most stupid folk, seem to learn more from hard knocks than from sound sense. Oh many occasions the last two years, their journey along the path of wisdom might have done them good, had they but heeded the knocks. They might have known that they could not "play hoss" with the Mayor in a game of giving away the streets, protecting the Southern Pacific on Fourth street, befriending the gas com pany, helping the liquor interests, and barkening to the call of numerous "special interests." The chief lesson of the election is that the people "are on." They pass an ordinance for a new gas franchise, de termined to rebuke the old-time gas graft in Portland, and to seize the first means for doing it, although there was probably a better method further off, of curbing the greed of the present gas company, by revoking its franchise. And. they reject for Mayor the man who was supported by gas greed, fran chise greed, corporation greed, liquor greed and vice greed. These are not successful times for "playing double." The people won't tolerate it. It is a hard knock for the special interests, of various sorts. And next time the public servants seek more pay, they should not all swoop down on the treasury at once. They should give taxpayers a breathing spell between times. A POINT OF THEOLOGY. The Catholic Sentinel kicks up its heels in unseemly antics over a fancied error in The Oregonlan's theology. If we were really as benighted as the Sen tinel pretends to think, its duty would be to pray for us instead of jeering; but we imagine that our neighbor is more interested to obscure the rays of truth that emanate from The Oregonian than to become itself a source of il lumination. The immediate cause of the Sentinel's hilarity is what it calls "an inconsistency" in our account of the New Theology. The Sentinel dines and sups on inconsistencies. Unlike the old woman "'who lived upon noth ing but victuals and drink," our neigh bor subsists upon verbal quibbles and, the diet being rather windy, the intel lectual product which it generates is necessarily a little unsubstantial. The Oregonian said there was nothing new in "The New Theology." It said also that The New Theology was the precise opposite of what our theologi ans had been teaching for a thousand years. This is the inconsistency which excites tne Sentinel's witty gambols. It forgets that, as a rule, theologians are Just about a thousand years behind the rest of the world. A proposition may be old as the hills to the rest of us and still fitartlingly. uuvel to our theological instructors. This is the case with the dogma of the Imma nence of God. The Sentinel Is quite correct in say ing that the difference, between pan theism and immanence, as Dr. Camp bell teaches it, and as everybody else teaches it, we contend, is thinly-veiled. In fact there is no difference at all ex cept verbal quibble. Immanence is pantheism sugar-coated for the con sumption of people who are scared at names. The Sentinel seems 'to accept the New Theology. If it really believes in Immanence, or pantheism, which is the same thing, The Oregonian con gratulates it upon a happy conversion to the doctrine which Spinoza bor rowed from the Greeks and which is older than Christianity. There is noth ing like keeping up the- continuity of history. A HAJ.T ON WASTEFULNESS. From numerous points In the north west come reports of sawmills closing down, or working shorter time, and logging camps also curtailing their output. These reports are always ac companied with doleful opinions re garding the outlook for the lumber trade. Quite naturally the closing down of a sawmill or logging camp, with its attendant discharge of a large number of employes, works a hardship on the community affected unless the mill is in a large city where there is a speedy absorption by other lines of industry of the labor thus re leased. Shipping is also feeling the effect of this weakness in the lumber market, and there has been a material decline in freight rates. But there may be some advantages in connection with this slackening in one of our greatest industries. , A few years ago. when logging camps were unable to dispose of all of the logs which their operators would have been glad to put on the market at less than one-half of the present prices, and the mills were unable to dispose of the lumber at $8 per ' thousand and less, the situation was regarded as serious, but eventually proved a blessing as prices were doubled shortly afterward. In a degree these weak spots in the lumber log market are not dissimilar in their results from the periods of de pression which force a man to hold a piece of real estate which In time ap preciates in value and makes him rich. There is today a profligate waste of forest wealth wherever lumbering oper ations are conducted in the West. The scarcity and high prices for stumpage in the "pineries" of Wisconsin, Min nesota and Michigan, have reduced this waste to a minimum, but out here in the far West, where there is still an abundance of the raw material, a vast amount of small timber is still sac rificed In logging operations, and there is also a serious waste in the man ufacture of lumber. Just at present Pacific Coast lumber manufacturers are encountering com petition from a new source, the railroad tie trade with Central American ports, being captured by the Japanese, who are sending over a very good grade of oak tie:, which are sold at prices tha't shut ojit the splendid fir ties that in the past have been going down from Oregon and Washington ports, Farther East in our own country, our mills are encountering the competition of the mills of the South, which seem Villing to deplete their own fine forests for a much smaller remuneration than will satisfy timber holders and millowners in this country. - ' But the Pacific Northwest in the end will be the gainer by this lull. Cheap timber and cheap lumber are rapidly becoming things of the past, and every lull that has ever happened in the in dustry, has been followed by a higher level of prices. When our mills began work on the wonderful forests of the West, their exhaustion seemed a mat ter of centuries. Now it is a matter of years, and not many years either. If the characteristic American desire for killing the goose that lays the golden egg, can be suppressed in no other way, these periodical lulls in the demand for lumber and logs, should be welcomed. If they failed to appear, not even the best directed efforts of those who seek to replenish by artificial forestry methods the failing supply will succeed in preventing the early exhaustion of our wonderful timber resources. SEIZURE OF A SEALER. Dispatches from the North announce seizure by the revenue cutter Rush of a British sealing schooner, with seventy skins on board. . This is a notable achievement for the sealing division of the revenue service and will prove beyond caviL-that these Summer cruises in the northern seas, which have been a distinctive feature of life in the rev enue cutter service, have not been in vain. To be sure, it has been about a decade since the capture has been made, and throughout the sealing sea son during all of those ten years, there have been from one to four American cutters spending tbe holiday season on the Summer seas which lap the. ice bergs of the North. Of course the pres ence of this expensively maintained fleet of cutters has not materially af fected the catch of the fciriadian seal ers, for the branding irn of the Gov ernment long ago scared the fur bearers away from the favored haunts in Behring Sea, and they are now cap tured beyond the protected zone. The details of this last seizure are not fully known, but, if they are similar to those which have been made by the zealous employes of Uncle Sam in the past, it will be only a matter of time until we shall again be called on to pay a good round sum for damages. The seizures made by the United States cut ters previous to this latest exploit, cost this Government $400,000 together with the interest which accumulated during the numerous years spent by Congress in seeking a knothole through which we could crawl and escape the penalty of our foolishness. It would be inter esting indeed if some of the able sta tisticians and scientists who earn their salaries by telling the world how many seals there would be in the sea today, if the naughty Canadian sealers re mained at home, would do a little figur ing on how much we have lost through the maintenance of a revenue fleet In Behring Sea for twenty-one years. - To the cost of maintaining this fleet would of course have to be added the immense sum which we were forced to pay Great Britain for what the fleet accomplished, and beyond doubt the sum total would reach imposing figures. It should not be Inferred by this ref erence to one of the leading indus tries, cultivated as it were by the rev enue service, that its efforts have been barren of results in other directions. It succeeded in illegally seizing so many American sealers, for which no damages have ever been paid, that the industry under the American flag was destroyed forever, and a large amount of capita! and hundreds of men were forced to leave Seattle, Port Town-j send, Astoria and other sealer-outfitting ports, and seek the protection of the British flag. Under that flag they were immune from persecution by the British cutters and at the same time were assured of liberal damages in case they were fortunate enough to be seized by an American cutter. The manner in which the United States Government has handled the sealing question is nearly as interesting as Dr. Jackson's reindeer experiment, and vastly more expensive. Trial marriages have been fully dis cussed and the subject dismissed as not worthy of further "consideration. But now comes a California woman with the request that she be granted a trial divorce. This request she made in the utmost sincerity to the judge presiding over the divorce court. She didn't want a complete divorce, but would like a temporary divorce, which she could ter minate if she concluded that she would rather endure her husband than live without him. Her idea undoubtedly had its origin in the suggestion made some time ago that marriage certifi cates might be issued with divorce cou pons attached, thus enabling the par ties to break the matrimonial bonds in due legal form without the delay and expense of a divorce suit. By merely tearing off one of the coupons and filing it in the office of the County Clerk, the parties could be legally divorced. If trial marriages and trial divorces are to exist in fact, why not 'have them exist la law? The irony of fate is seldom more noticeable than In the death of Harry Hamlin, who was thrown from his automobile and instantly killed at Buf falo Monday. The Hamllns, father and son, have done more towards the devel opment and improved breeding of fast harness horses than any other men in the United States, and crack roadsters as well as grand circuit stars from the Hamlin horse farm are to be found throughout the country. Had Mr. Hamlin remained immune from the automobile craze which is supposed to be so detrimental to the industry which made his family famous, he would probably be alive today. ' Raisull, the noted Moorish bandit, is said to be considering a project to go on a tour in vaudeville in Europe and America. The allurements of the foot lights in his case are enhanced by an. offer of a pardon and a pension if he will leave Morocco. There is undoubt edly a feeling among some of the peo ple who have been abducted and abused by this noted bandit that he ought to be shot. Still there are a good many people behind the footlights who are deserving of the same fate. Blame should not be laid on the Salem band because "the boys refused to play for less than $40 on Memorial day. Bands are not organized for fun and glory and it takes more than en thusiasm to keep the members to gether. What, by the way. Is the mat ter with the people who did not con tribute the necessary fund? Is default in patriotism to be charged only to the musicians? In the municipal court the other day Mr. Khury, under arrest for alleged wifebeating, said the charge was ridic ulous. "I bring my money home, and then she goes through my pockets while I'm asleep and takes it all away." Which is tough on Mr. Khury. Ho should try the experiment of giving her half the fund before retiring and see what a difference there would be in the morning. The conciliatory movement which some of the peace loving people are attempting to bring about in San Fran cisco between the striking carmen and their employers, would make better progress if the promoters could tem porarily restrain the strikers from placing bombs under the cars, and from otherwise Jeopardizing the lives of in nocent people, who prefer riding to walking. Mr. Bryan accuses Roosevelt of steal ing his ideas. He should be thankful. providing they were worth stealing, for in the bands of the President they se cure a circulation and consideration which might not be possible with a man who staggers under a crown of thorns or a cross of gold. The North End, we were told dur ing the campaign, was a great deal worse than ever, under Mayor Lane. But we really do not think that is the reason it went . overwhelmingly for Devlin. The coming city administration will have $5,000,000, or a great part of it, to expend under the new bond issues. Naturally Mayor Lane was anxious that his successor be an honest man. Councilman Preston, one of the Solid Nine, was beaten because some one tried to beat him and the public bad not forgotten. Councilman. Annand and Councilman Belding played In luck. The Republican majority in this town is about 10,000, between elections. If you don't believe it, ask Harry Lane, or George Chamberlain, or John Man ning. Tom Word knows, too. Now that the election Is over and everything is serene, it may be hoped that County Judge Webster will find it convenient to return and spend a few days in Portland. Remember, Mr. Devlin, the consoling epitaph inscribed by the Arizona cow boys on the tomb of a departed com rade. "He done his damdest; angels could do no more." The only way we see now to get Re publicans in important offices is to de vise some scheme to have them nom inated by the Democrats. Possibly there were some voters, too, Monday, who remembered the gas franchise fight in the Legislature last February. Gentlemen who bet on elections are apt to forget that the East Side is also in the city limits. There are no bouquets either, for State Senator Bailey and bis ready letter writer. The defense at Boise appears to be disposed to admit that Steunenberg was killed. The "interests" are not wholly with out consolation. Look at that Council. Is it really going to be a Howe's show?. "SQl'ARE DEAL.'' CENTRAL NOTES Comment on President Roosevelt' In dianapolis Speech. May 30. Nebraska State Journal. The greater part of the speech is an assurance to the railroad men that they must submit to regulation, and that if they do, their industry will not be harmed. teers a Middle Course. New Tork Herald. Mr. Roosevelt, while iterating his devotion to his plan for regulating the railways, takes occasion indirectly to refute recent statements as to his alleged ultraradical intentions and to disclaim any purpose of injuring the value of securities. . Should Not Distress Railroad Men. Chicago Tribune. There is nothing in his speech which should distress railroad men who are will ing to obey the law and to accept the president s advice to keep out of. politics, or which should interfere with the efforts of railroads to obtain the money required for necessary improvements. Speaks for Strict Justice to AIL Chicago Record-Herald. Taken as a whole, the speech may be regarded as an argument for strict justice to all. But the emphasis is placed where it belongs in the present stage of the great debate. So. through their chosen spokesman, we have & message from as well as to the people, a message which those who direct the business use of wealth In its corporate form will do well to ponder carefully. Justice for Railroads and People. Denver Republican. The President made it clear that his great purpose is to do justice and to se cure justice for both the people and the railroads. All avoidable discrimination is condemned, and he will employ his of ficial power to- the fullest extent that may be requisite to compel the corpora tions engaged in interstate business to treat shippers to every class fairly and to give all an equal opportunity accord ing to the nature of their business. Safety Lies Along- Reform Road. Chicago Evening Post. There was fairness in the speech, and the only warnings it held were warnings intended for the good of those who hitherto have refused to pay attention to danger signals. It is apparent that Mr. Roosevelt intends to live up to his promise not to run amuck among the corporations. Ha believes, and the people believe with him, that the way to safety lies along the road of reform. Words of comfort and Reassurance, New York Times (Dem.). An unwonted prodigality in words of comfort and reassurance distinguishes the Indianapolis address of President Roosevelt from all his previous homi lies upon corporation vice and virtue. It marks, evidently, a point" of arrest or of turning in policies that recklessly pursued would invite disturbances of which all-sufficient warning bas been given, and, we Judge, has been heard. Nothing in this speech of reassurance could be more suggestive of the in trospective view or of the sober sec ond thought than the President's quo tation of Lincoln's words, "Let not him who is houseless pull down the house of another." Start on a New Dent. Springfield, Ma?s., Republican find. Dem.). Of more immediate Interest is the President's proposal and discussion of railroad valuation and National re striction of future capital issues. Clearly no investor in existing railroad issues bas anything to fear from a valuation of physical properties as pro posed by the President. Whether such a valuation discloses the existence of excessive capitalization or not, Mr. Roosevelt would let bygones be by gones in the way of stock watering and capital inflation. - He would close the books In this matter and lay them away. Federal restriction of capital Issues he would limit strictly to future operations, . and while he would pro hibit such Issues to acquire stock in competing roads, he would admit them for the purpose of consolidating con necting lines. - Mr. Roosevelt a True Conservative. New Tork Tribune. Mr. Roosevelt stands for the exertion of all the powers possessed by the Federal Government to compel fair dealing on the part of the managers of the great Tailroad corporations fair dealing toward the stockholders and toward the public- He would invoke National aid to stop the rate discriminations, overcharges, over capitalization, dishonest stock manipula tions and combinations in restraint of competition. But he would make no war on worthy and efficient railroad manage ment, impose no injurious restraints on operation and seek no curtailment of hon est valuations or reasonable dividends. The President is not a dangerous radical. but a true conservative. His Indianapolis speech breathes throughout the spirit of the quotation from Burke which he used at the Jamestown exposition: "If I cannot reform with equity, I will not reform at all." State University Greets President Kerr. Oregon Weekly (University of Oregon). To the new president of the Oregon Agricultural College the Weekly offers a welcome and expresses the wish that relations between the State University and the college at Corvallls may be even more friendly than In the past. The official relations of both insti tutions have always been generous, though occasionally the rivalry of ath letics has been strenuous enough to cause uneasiness between the respec tive student bodies. Just now the re lations in baseball and track are par ticularly pleasant and a general spirit of tolerance seems to actuate both par ties. There is no reason why there should be any rivalry between the two institutions except in athletics. Their work lies in different parts of the field of education and the preparatory stu dent will decide to attend the one or the other according as his tastes run to agriculture or the arts or literature. The people of Oregon are just awak ening to the advantages of a college education and both Oregon and Cor vallls will need to grow rapidly to keep pace with the increasing demand for college training. President Kerr ' is happily 'well qualified to fill the re sponsible duties of his position and is counted on to bring the Agricultural College to a high degree of efficiency. Salaries of Governors of States. Washington (D. C.) Herald. By recent act of the Legislature of Illinois that state hereafter will have higher paid officials than any other state government. The salary of the Governor was raised from $6000 to $12,000, and the compensation of other state officers was correspondingly in creased. The next best-paid Governors are those of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, each of whom draws $10,000 a year. Massachusetts and In diana pays $3000. Most of the other states pay $5000. New Hampshire and Delaware are on a $2000 basis. South Carolina pays $3000, Texas and Con necticut pay $4000, although Texas is nearly fifty times as big as the Nut meg state. Many of the legislatures this year, following the lead of Con gress, increased the pay of their mem bers. Marrying; Season for Actresses, Philadelphia Inquirer. Actresses who made enough during the season to support husbands during tho Summer are getting married dow,. TRIBUTE TO tiEV. O. O. HOWARD Admirable Record of Soldier Well Known In the Serthweit, New York Sun. General Howard is the most' dis tinguished survivor of the Union Gen erals who made history in the years that tried men's souls between April 12, 1861, when Sumter was fired on, and April 9, 1S65, when the great civil con flict ended at Appomattox. General Howard, in paying tribute to the mem ory of General Joseph Wheeler in the early part of last year, said: " It la sad to tee the soldiers whom I have known passing away, but, as 1 look at It. there Is a comfort In this: that so many of them have left a record of Integrity and honor which our present and coming young men will do well to emulate. Such is the record of Oliver Otis Howard in a long lite devoted to his country in the fields of war and peace. The Union Armies contained no soldier who was, more respected. Like Have lock and Stonewall Jackson, he was a deeply religions man in the camp and on the march, and always offered prayer before joining battle. There is a fine story told of General Howard's rebuke to a profane teamster who was trying to start a balky mule in the Tennessee campaign. "Excuse me. General." said the offender, "I did not Ttnow you were .present." With great dignity the General replied: "I prefer, sir, that you abstain from swearing from a higher and better motive than because of my presence." On one oc casion General Sherman wrote to Gen eral Grant about Howard: "I find a polished and Christian gentleman, ex hibiting the highest and most chival rous traits of character." And so it happened that the young soldier who had been called "Pious Howard" at Bowdoln and had prayed with sick en listed men when be was a cadet at West Point could say grace at mess in the stress of war times without pro voking a show of Impatience among men who could not understand his robust piety. Sherman understood it, however. He once said: "Howard is different from us; he believes in his religion." From the day Oliver Otis Howard left the chair of mathematics at West Point, resigning with the exclamation "My country needs me" when leave was refused him, until the last shot of tne war, he was constantly at the front, except for six months Incapacity after he lost an arm at Fair Oaks, always provinsr his mettle and rendering in valuable services. From the Colonelcy of the Third Maine Volunteers he rose to the independent command of the Army of the Tennessee. With a calm ness which was attributed to fanatic ism, he was famous for exposing him self. Tremendously in earnest, he fiinched as little from routine work as from danger. He set his staff an ex ample by never taking stimulants. At Gettysburg, holding the key to the Federal position, Howard stood like a rock. At Antietam. Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville he handled his troops with uncommon skill and energy. Howard alone survives of the corps commanders who marched with Sherman to the sea His Indian cam paigns against the Nez Perces In 1874 and the Bannocks and Flutes in 187 were conducted with the same zeal and thoroughness that marked his services in the Civil War. He has written ad mirably about the heroic Chief Joseph. Events have rioved so fast in recent ycars that mott of us have forgotten that General Howard remained in the Army until 1894, and was commanding the Department of the East, with head quarters at Governor's Island, when he retired. After -serving his country as a soldier for 44 years he entered upon a civic career which has added to his distinction. The keynote of it he sounded at the dinner given him on October 31, 1894, in Brooklyn, at the time of his retirement from the Army, when he said: The Institutions which make this Govern ment are the family, the public schools, the churches and the towu meeting. In his seventy-seventh year. General Howard is still doing bis duty as a citi zen on the active list, and he gets through as much work as most men 20 years his Junior. Nothing Is more lik able about him than his fair judgments and generous estimates of surviving Confederates. With one of them. Gen eral Stephen D. Lee, like himself one of the eminent soldiers of the Civil War, he proposed a year ago to col laborate In a history of the conflict. If completed It will doubtless be Just to both sides and a painstaking work. In Oliver Otis Howard we of the North have a type of soldier whom we can not too much honor on each recurring Memorial Day. Julia Warde Howe's Birthday Sentiment Interview in New York Times. ' The world grows better and not worse, hut it does not grow better everywhere all the time. Women of fashion' seem to me to have lost in dignity of character and in general tone and culture. On the other hand, outside this charmed circle of fashion I find the tone of taste and culture much higher than I remember it to have been in my youth. I find women leading nobler and better lives, filling larger and higher places.- enjoying the upper air of thought where they used to rest upon the very-soil of domestic care and detail. So the community gains, although one class loses but that, re member. Is the class that assumes to give standards to the rust." TONGUE THE VOICE IX THE BACKGROUND HAVE YOU. IF YOU'LL ONLY SPEAK FRANCHISES NEVER IRREVOCABLE Another Clear Statement mm to Their Status and Character. New York World. -, The right to do business Is neither a franchise nor a contract. Neither Is the right to breathe or to work or to eat. Such things are Included under the funda mental declaration of the inalienable rights of man. A public franchise is no more necessary to the use of a telephone than to the manufacture of gas or the running of a department store. Only when a public power is Included, like the use of public streets or the exercise of the right of eminent domain, does a franchise become necessary. All such powers are Governmental and their exercise by private corporations is a terminable grant. A franchise Is not and cannot become an inviolable contract, because the state constitution, article S, section L specifically provides that "all general laws and spe cial acts" by virtue of which corporations are created "may be altered from time to time or repealed." Therefore every corporation takes its franchise powers subject to their alteration or repeal at any time. Whether this is equitable or Just or expedient, it is the law, and the Legislature under the constitution has the power. It Is as much a violation of a lease at will for the landlord to ter minate the tenancy as for the Legisla ture to terminate or to regulate a fran chise. The constitutional limitation is automatically accepted with the Legisla tive grant. No business or manufacturing corporation would claim that the Legis lature must guarantee its profits by re fraining from any act that would diminish them. Public Improvements may compel the removal of a factory or a store to a less profitable location. No court would therefore enjoin a new park or the open ing of a new street. All that could be recovered would be damages for the land and buildings taken for public use. A franchise Is a permit, a revocable grant, not a contract or private property. It is not either "irrevocable" or "Inviol able," for the simple reason that the peo ple in making their constitution pro hibited that very thing. SERENITY OF" SECRETARY TAFT Undisturbed by Other Responsibilities He Is Anxious About the Red Cross. W. K. Curtis in Chicago Record -Herald. William Howard Taft is the most complaisant and serene man in Wash ington. His face Is as Springlike as the foliage in the parks, and although he. has many serious things to think: about, he gets more pleasure out of existence than any other man in pub lic life. While he is always pleased when he hears that somebody is sup porting him for the presidency and is always sorry when he learns that somebody isn't, he cherishes no resent ment and doesn't know what disap pointment is. He couldn't stir up an unkind thought if he tried, and the controversy in Ohio over his indorse ment for the Presidential nomination has never given him a moments anx iety. The heathen may rage and the wicked may imagine vain things, but he isn't saying a word. When anybody asks him concerning the Presidential nomination he smiles that 40-acre smile he is famous for, arid says that he 1s "out of politics" and has matters of greater interest and Importance to think and talk about. The Panama Canal is getting on all right; the fouble in Cuba has been postponed until after the election of President Roosevelt's successor; Porto Rico is blossoming as the rose, -md the Filipinos are to begin a hazardous ex periment in self-government next Oc tober. Several other important mat ters under his jurisdiction have been disposed of in a manner equally satis factory, and now Secretary Taft has taken up the Red Cross, of which he la president, and is anxious to Interest the people of the country In that great International movement for "first-aid to the Injured." because the United States Is very far behind In comparison with other great nations. Roosevelt No Respecter of Persona. Washington (D. C.) Dispatch. Among the employes recently dis missed by Judge Balllpger, the new Commissioner of the General Land Of fice, was a man who was at Harvard with President Roosevelt. It is said that when the news leaked out that Judge Balllnger was preparing to rid his bureau of "dead timber" it was in timated to blm that should be look closer into this particular employe's record he would discover that the President's former classmate was con siderably more efficient than the Com missioner had been led to believe. Judge Balllnger. couldn't see it that way, however, and then the luckless employe's friends carried his case to Secretary Garfield, Judge Ballinger's official superior, who. by the way. at tended college with the Commissioner. Secretary Garfield referred the whole matter back to Judge Balllnger. and that official stood firm, the result be ing that the President now has an op portunity to put his college friend In some other department of the Govern ment, should he care further to utilize the latter's services. J Milkman's Horse Prefers Parlor. Philadelphia Record. A runaway milkman's horse, broke over the lawn of John Devoe at Elizabeth, N. J., plunged through a bay window into the parlor and took possession. - TIED From Collier's Weekly. "SPEAK TO HER, BILL; SHE'LL TO HER."