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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (May 14, 1907)
8 THE 3IORNIXG OREGONIAX, TUESDAY, MAT 14. 1907. sresf RimoN RATES. CTINVAitlABLT IN ADVA.NCE.TJ (By Mail.) Dally. Sunday Included, on year $8.00 Dally. Sunday Included, alx montha.... 4. 25 Dally, Sunday Included, threa months.. 2.25 Daily, Sunday Included, one month.... -73 Daily, without Sunday, one year 00 Daily, without Sunday, alx montha S.2S Dally, without Sunday, three montha.. 1-75 Dally, without Sunday, one month..... -AO Sunday, one year Weekly, one year (Issued Thursday)... 1-5 6unday and Weekly, one year -S0 BY CARRIES. Dally, Sunday Included, one year -20 Daily. Sunday Included, one month.... HOW TO KEMIT Send poetodice money erder. express order or personal check on your local bank. Stampa, coin or currency are at the sender! risk. Olva postofflco ati Bresa la lull. Includlnc county and stats, . POSTAGE BATES. Entered at Portland, Oregon, postofllca as 6econd-Class Matter. 10 to 14 Pages 1 1 to 28 Pages X eenta 80 to 44 Pages cents to 60 Pagea centa Foreign portage, double rates. IHFOKTANT The poatal lawa are strict. Newspapers on which pontage 1- not fully prepaid are not forwarded to destination. EASTERN BUSINESS OFFICE. The 8. C. Beckwlth. Special Agency New IYork, rooms 43-fiO Tribune building. Chi cago, room 010-512 Tribune building. KEPT OS 8 AXE. Chicago Auditorium Annex, Postofflce JCftta Co., ITS Dearborn at. ft. Paul, 'tuno, X. St. Marie, Commercial Elation. Denver Hamilton & Hendrlck. 906-912 Feventeenth street; Pratt Book Store, 1214 Fifteenth street; H. P. Hansen, 8. Rice. Kansas City, Mo. Rieksecker Cigar Co., Ninth and Walnut; Sosland News Co. Minneapolis M. .T. Kavanaugh, 60 South Third; Eagle News Co., corner Tenth and 'Eleventh; Yoma News Co. Cleveland, O. James Pushaw, 307 Su perior street. Washington, D. C. Ebbltt House, Penn sylvania avenue. Philadelphia. Pa. 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Call-Chronicle Agency. Norfolk, Vs. Jameatown F.xposltion Newa Stand; Potts & Roeder; Schneider & Kaiser. Pine Beach, Va. W. A. Cosgrove. FOBTX.VND, ll'KMMY. MAY 14. J907. ; A CHANGE OF MIND. Those who doubt Mr. Roosevelt's sin cerity In declining: to be nominated, fox the Presidency' a second time, must find It difficult to understand the pres ent condition of affairs in Ohio. Every jolitician in that state -who wishes to bo numbered among the President's friends is supporting Mr. Taft, and there can be no question whatever that they are doing it with the Pres ident's knowledge and approval. Of course it is conceivable that all this Is nothing but a blind to deceive the unwary- V'e may, if we wish, im agine that Mr. Taft is but a pawn in the game to be -pushed forward in the initial moves and sacrificed as soon as Sir. Roosevelt thinks the psychological moment has come to advance a more powerful piece, .namely himself. But to adopt this thory one must make two or three rather difficult assump tions. We must suppose in the first place that Mr. Roosevelt is a master of craft, worming his wuy in the dart with Insidious wrlgglings and ready to sacrifice the political future of his friend for his own advantage. How noes this estimate of the President's character coincide with what we know of him? Is it the way a man of his frankness, his impulsiveness, his read iness to speak out on the spur of the moment regardless of consequences, Vtuld have gone about "such a task? Tka enemies of the President have taught us to believe that the great de fect of his character is a lack of that very deliberation and serpentine guile with which they are now ready to charge him. We have also been taught that Mr. (Roosevelt is improperly loyal to his friends, carrying his predilections for some of them so far as to appoint them to high offices for which they are not worthy. Yet we are asked to believe that in this contingency he stands ready to ruin the man who has been his closest friend and most de voted auxiliary for years. Not only that, but to ruin him in the face of his own solemn pledge not to stand for a second elective term. Unless Mr. Roosevelt is sincere in his refusal to be a candidate for the Presidency again his words and the whole course of his conduct prove him to be a hypo crite consummately artful, without scruple or remorse. But if the Ohio drama is nothing but a curtain raiser preliminary to the triumphant entry of the great actor upon the stage, what must we think of Mr. Taft, Is he a conscious tool, or merely a simpleton who serves Mr. Roosevelt's clandestine purpose without knowing it. Like most other men who have played a jtreat part in public life, Mr. Taft has made mistakes, but he has done noth ing which implied servility or dis honor. It is difficult at this late period of his history to believe that he would Ienl himself to a game of de ceit if he knew what he was doing. 'But if Mr. Roosevelt intends to be come a candidate again he is playing a game of deceit with few parallels in the annals of this or any other coun try, and If Mr. Taft Is helping It on we are forced to conclude that he does not understand what ho is doing. Unless, therefore, we can accept the Presi dent's statement of his own purposes and believe that he is sincere, there is no escape from the conclusion that Mr. Taft is either a blockhead, or a knave. No sane person could concede for an Instant that he Is either the one or the ether. Clearly Mr. Foraker believes that the Taft candidacy is genuine. In his anindi there does not seem to he the faintest doubt that the Roosevelt in fluence behind Mr. Taft Is forging to ward his nomination with resolute pur pose. To put the case mildly. Mr. For aker Is scared. When the conference to "be held at Columbus next Wednes day was first broached he made no cbjecttons. At this conference the Re publican Central Committee of the atate will meet the county executive committees to agree if possible upon a Presidential candidate. It was called by Senator Dick. Mr. Foraker's junior colleague, who is in close sympathy with his purposes and his faithful ally. I'resently, after the notice was pub lished, Mr. Cox. of Cincinnati pro posed to make the conference an op portunity for establishing harmony in the Republican party. He suggested that It should indorse Taft for Presi dent and Foraker for Senator, and the latter signified his, assent to the plan. Mr. Cox is also a friend and ally of the senior Senator from Ohio and there is nothing rash in supposing that his suggestion was made only after he had consulted with both Foraker and Dick. Such men as he Is do not act upon the spur of the moment, nor do they im plicate their friends in political proj ects without full authority. Notwithstanding all this, Mr. Foraker now repudiates the conference. He says that he will not attend it him self, and it Is reported that he will urge his political friends to stay away. Why" this change of purpose? There can be only one reason for it. Mr. Foraker perceives already - that the Republican party of Ohio, speaking through the State Central Committee and through the county executives who are close to the people, will have noth ing to do with his senatorial candidacy. The adherents of Mr. Taft have clearly stated their wish that' the proposed conference shall deal only with the question of a Presidential candidate, leaving the Senatorship for later de cision, and Mr. Foraker sees -that their wish -will prevail. Were there a fair prospect of an indorsement for him self as Senator. Mr. Foraker would enter the conference readily enough, notwithstanding those "official duties," which now prevent his attendance. Since there is not. he belittles the meet ing, -declares that It can decide noth ing, denies the delegation of both Mr. Dick and Mr. Cox from himself, and again appeals, to a state convention to be chosen at popular primaries. Evi dently he Telies upon the well-known subserviency of such conventions to boss influence. No matter how the delegates may he chosen, nor what mandate they bring from the people, Mr. Foraker knows that there is a fair chance of his winning them to some treachery, ' or some compromise amounting to treacheryy by those wily methods of which he Is 'often supposed to be a master. - WOMKST AND CLEAN STREETS. In her new enthusiasm over clean streets and hygienic surroundings Port land mas- be Interested in some of Miss Jane Addams' . latent thoughts upon similar matters. These tnougnts are all the more pertinent to our situation innEmufh as .the clean streets of Port land are still a pious hope rather than a beauteous reality. Miss Addams, who Is an. authority upon tnese mat tra vpnturpK the "belief that keeping a city In good order and its Inhabitants in good health presents on a large scale problems entirely similar to those of housekeeping. In her conception of it a city is a huge nousenoia wnere nil nf na w tn livd tnff(thfr in R SOrt of an exaggerated family with as much decency and as little friction as may be. NTwr ofvT-rl4rier tn Miss ArldamS. from time immemorial women have been the guardians of the health and cleanliness of the household. Men have paid little attention to such matters. They have rather held It beneath the dignity of the male to mop. to sweep, to scrub, while soap suds is woman's native element and the broom is her sword and lance. Suppose all the men in the country should become seized with a sudden notion to exclude women from their ancient privilege oC house-cleaning: sup pose the gentler sex were forbidden to dose the children with smartweed tea and nut a hot brick to. their hus band's feet of a Winter's night? "What would become of the peace and loveli ness of the domestic hearth? Desola tion would descend upon the American household; anarchy would reign In the sweetest of sweet homes. We should wallow In dirt. We should be devoured with bugs both microscopic and of larger build. What does hac fabula docet? Miss Addams knows very well. Remember that the city .is a mammoth household, and remember that In this household the broom, the mop and the smart weed tea. or its feeble equivalent, are all presided over by men, who have no innate gift for such things and who therefore make a fearful mess of them. Women, who are horn for this sort of thing, have no part at all in ruling the city, while men rule, and at the, same time ruin. Go to Miss Jane Addams. thou city father; consider her words and be wise. OUR NEW AMERICANS. Aliens from the congested districts of the old world continue to pour into the United States and- Canada in record breaking numbers. A New York dispatch in yesterday's pregonian, an nounced arrival at Ellis island oir.gat urday of 6000 of the newcomers, and the figures for the first twelve days of May are of such great proportions as to make It certain that the high record of 133.452 in April will be exceeded when the returns are all in for the present month. With such an enor mous demand for labor in all parts of the country, there is nothing alarming in the advent of these hordes of for eigners if they would not insist on crowding into the already congested labor centers of the East. Of the new comers now arriving, it is said that seventy per cent find homes in Massa chusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Illinois and Ohio. It does not require a close study of economic conditions in the New Eng land states to convince Americans that many of the foreigners who settle down in that "finished" country have failed greatly to improve their conditions. A boasting New Yorker once said that his great objection to the Pacific Coast was that it was too far from New York. The typical Westerner who can never become accustomed to the nar row provincialism of the rich and the misery and woe of the poor in Amer ica's greatest city, of course notes in the distance a distinct advantage for his own peace of mind and happiness. In the case of the immigrants, how ever, this distance can hardly be re garded as an advantage for, fresh from a land where a five hundred mile Jour ney Is a stupendous undertaking, the new arrival shrinks from crossing the American continent to the territory where he is actually needed, and in stead elbows his way in where he is not needed in the East. In point of numbers, the United States is far out-distancing Canada in the. new arrivals from Europe, but the distribution of the Canadian immigra tion is much more beneficial to the country than that which is coming to our country. For the twelve months ending Juno 30. 1906. England sent to Canada 77,144, Scotland 19,509 and Ire land 3867 people.. Nearly all of these were booked through to the "Western Provinces, where there is a great de mand for labor in all branches. This is partly due to the efforts of the Can adian Pacific Railroads which Is of course vitally interested in develop ment of its western territory. The work is rendered easier by rea son of there being no such large cities in Eastern Canada as there are on the Atlantic coast of the United States, and accordingly less temptation for the new arrivals to huddle in and intensify the already strained situation. The ability of this country to assimilate im migration at the rate of 5000 per day, or 130,000 per month, will not be fully tested until we encounter one of those periodical waves of hard' times which sweep over the land at intervals. When we again experience one of these unpleasant eras, the attractions of the congested cities of the East will appeal to the new arrival much less forcibly than they do now. THE RISK OP HIGH SPEED. The disaster which befell a Shriners' excursion train in Southern California was one of those frightful accom paniments of modern travel of which we cannot think without dismay and horror. To those who perish, it brings death In the most frightful form; to those who escape with injuries more or less severe, and even to unharmed spectators, the result is a nervous shock from which recovery is slow; to families and friends it carries horror with bereavement; and to the com munities touched by it, dismay. The wreck of an excursion train has its counterpart in all of these features, it is true, in the coal mine disaster in which miners perish. There Is even In coal mines the added horror the pit, about the yawning mouth of which terrified and grief-stricken wives and children gather, hoping against hope that their loved ones may yet be re turned alive to them. But in the sud den transition from gaiety to terror; from happy, hopeful anticipations to excrutiatlng agony; from prospective home-coming with the Joyful welcome that ' awaits It to sudden death that leavas. the body mangled beyond rec ognition of the dearest friends, there is an element of pity that turns the heart sick. "SAs far as btame for this latest dis aster has been fixed, it seems to rest with the tremendous rate of speed at which the excursion train was flying over the fails. This train, carrying several hundred passengers, had covered a distance of sixty-one miles of a road abounding In curves and crooked) track in one hundred minutes, when the engine struck a splintered rail, and In the twinkling of an eye the work of a great disaster was done. A moderate rate of speed would have eliminated many of the horrors of this wreck.- Indeed, it Is not improbable that this is but another disaster di rectly attributable to a rate of speed that nothing but the greatest emerg ency in life calls for a speed: that is not a necessary adjunct either of busi ness or of pleasure. Discussing this phase of the problem of railroad accidents In the current number of the Atlantic, Frank. Halgh Dixon says: There la soma question whether the 18-hour trains between Chicago and New York meet any real economic need, except possibly as an aid to the financial legerdemain of a few Wall-street financier. Yef they gratify a genuine American desire for speed for speed's sake and as advertising agencies are well worth while. Is this last assumption correct? Is an advertising agency "worth while" that carries? a risk of disaster so tre mendous a risk that becomes in a mo ment a reality too horrible to con template with composure? Is it pos sible to over-estimate the risks of fast travel in the presence of evidence such as this? Whether the high speed of trains is dictated by the Insane efforts of competing roads to clip a few more minutes off the schedule, or to a genuine American desire for speed for speed's sake, it Is manifest that the time has come when, in the name of humanity, public safety and econ omy of resources the tendency to high and yet higher speed should be checked. SPOKANE RATE AGAIN. A St. Paul dispatch announces that the Hill-marriman traffic managers, at a conference held in St. Paul yester day, decldedl to grant a reduction in Jobbing freight rates to Spokane. It is stated that this reduction was brought about by the threatened com petition of the Soo route which has Just reached Spokane over the new Corbin line to that city, which forms a connection with the Canadian Pa cific. Spokane has for years been fighting for lower jobbing rates, the basis of her contention being that the lower rates granted the Pacific coast cities were unjustifiable. The Spokane demand for lower rates has always been based on the long and short haul feature of the rate situation, while the railroads have been compelled to refuse the. Spokane demands on ac count of the water competition. The infusion of this new element into the situation, is fraught with great possibilities. At the Interstate Commerce Commission hearing in Spokane In January, irrefutable testi mony was Introduced showing that the water rate on a great number of com modities from Atlantic coast ports to Spokane by way of Portland and. Puget Sound including the rail haul from points as far inland as Detroit and Cleveland, was much lower than the rail rate from the eastern points to Spokane. It was also demonstrated that the steamers now engaged in the ocean carrying trade between the At IaVitlc coast and Pacific coast ports were handling practically all classes of freight that was handled by the rail roads. The manifests of these steamers showed that ninety-five per cent of the commodities named in the Western classification used by the railroads had in greater or less quan tity been handled by the steamers. Water transportation the world over is cheaper than land transportation, and it is hardly within the range of pos sibilities that the Soo line or any other line will cut rates to a figure below that which can be met with the steam ships. The Interstate Commerce Commis sion has never assumed jurisdiction over rates which were affectedi by water transportation, and the new rate which it is reported' will be granted Spokane will of necessity be obliged to meet the attacks of Jobbers - more favorably situated. Spokane has fought long and hard for a reduction in Jobbing rates, and it now remains to be seen whether or not she will be happy under the new schedule. To pacify the Spokane Jobbers whenever they exhibited special irritation over the lower rates enjoyed by the Pa cific coast cities, the railroads from time to time granted the inland city low distributive rates which were de- Jjiied the coast Jobbers. These rates enabled the Spokane men to sell goods in a wide zone which could not be reached by the coast jobbers. The in justice of this policy did not escape the notice of the Portland and Puget Sound jobbers, but on account of their advantageous location they have never made a concerted effort to secure as low a per-ton-per-mile distributive rate as was granted the Spokane job bers. ' The reported reduction in the rail jobbing rate to Spokane, will, however. put a different face . on the -matter. The Hill-Harriman interests have ap parently been forced by rail compe tition to make the lower rate, but there is nothing in the long and short haul theory, or in the rail and water com petition, that compels them to give Spokane a better per-ton-per-mile dis tributive rate than they grant Port land. . From appearances, with Spo kane and the railroads. It will now be a case of "friendship ceases." The city by the falls must take the bitter with the sweet, and it remains to be seen whether her Jobbing trade will he any more prosperous under a reduction In the jobbing rate and an advance in the distributive rate than it has been in the past. Until some method can be discovered for eliminating competition from the ocean, Portland and other coast cities will never submit to a nullification of the advantages conferred on them by the Almighay. Dollar wheat was in evidence in Chi cago for a few minutes yesterday, and throughout the session of the Board of Trade the market hovered very close to the famous figure. The American wheat crop has undoubtedly been seriously damaged, but it re quires the injection of considerable speculative hysteria into the situation to send prices up eight cents per bushel between the close of one ses sion and a few minutes after the open ing of another, as was the case with the December option yesterday. Wild flurries of this nature always develop, among a certain class of speculators, temporary recklessness which is usually followed by a reaction perhaps as dras tic as the advance. There Is something more than a possibility tha-the .Amer ican wheat situtftT6n-4rStrong enough to warrant dollar wheat, or even a. higher price, but whenever such a high standard of prices is attained by such prodigious leaps and. bounds, it is well to guard against the normal reaction which may follow. The little Prince of the Asturias has received the name Alfonso, Rio Cris tino, Eduardo. The last was prob ably in compliment to his great uncle Edward of. England; the first of course to the long line of Alfonsos that has preceded him, and Cristino may be a sort of recognition of his paternal grandmother; while Rio well here im agination failB, and this faculty not being supplemented -by knowledge in the matter we give it up. Anyway the boy has names enough to get along with, even as a prince, considering his forty titles, any one of which could be. drawn upon in case of emergency. The snow storm that has raged in the mountains of Southern Wyoming since April 15 without intermission is un precedented for this season of the year as far as the knowledge of the white man extends. Seven feet on a level and a - temperature hovering .around .zero would seem to preclude the possibility of the existence of even wild life in those wintry solitudes.' This Is, of course, entirely without the limits of the stockraising belt of the state, hence the storm Is a phenomenon rather than a disaster. Mabel Gilman, the chorus lady, and the unspeakable Corey were married In New York last evening, and the bride's father sent a telegram advis ing her to "Live up to Christian Sci ence.' It will certainly require all of the miraculous power with which Christian Science is credited, if thtB charming pair can make themselves believe they are entitled to anything but the contempt of all decent people , Many of the older residents of Ore gon, and especially those whose homes were In Yamhill County from a third to half a century ago, will remember with admiration and tenderness the late Mrs. Sarah Hall Daniels, at that time in the full powers of a healthful generous, active womanhood. Her passing at the age of 83 years has just been recorded. The tablet placed in the Y. M. C. A. building to the memory of Reno Hutchinson was a tender tribute of fellow-workers to the earnest en deavor of one whose life was cut off in its morning. The tribute paid to the purposeful life of Reno Hutchinson, both in bronze and in eulogy, was a just recognition of faithfulness to duty as he saw it. ' Millions of dollars are spent in the United States every year for per fumery. And this in spite of the as sertion of Henry Ward Beecher .who in his time was considered authority upon most matters upon which he spoke, that "no smell at all is vastly superior to any smel whatsoever." Seasons come and seasons go but Pat rick Henry Scullin and his National In dustrial Peace Association goes on for ever, and the strangest part of his dove-like scheme is that, wherever it is proposed-, the industrial workers as a rule begin heaving brickbats In its direction. Modern Mammon worship Is aptly illustrated In news reports from Los Angeles, which specify that floral deco rations for one vehicle in the 'fiesta parade cost $750. You can't employ money to measure the beauty of a rose at least not in Oregon. " Evidently the Rev. John Bentzten who thundered against dancing from the pulpit must have confounded the comic opera variety with that form in vogue among normal young folk of good blood and breeding. There would be more enthusiasm to morrow when McOedie hoists, the pen nant if the Beavers were higher up in the percentage column. Last week's rain andi the bulge in Chicago wheat are a happy coin cidence for the farmers of the Col umbia River Valley. Following Salem's move for a cherry fair in June, why not Albany or Eugene get up a strawberry fair and Ashland a peach fair? Good morning! Have you registered for the June election? WII.I.I VM R. HEARSTS SEW PARTY As It Is Regarded by William Jennings Bryan. From the Commoner. Attention has already been called to Mr. Hearst's New York speech on the evening of April 13, In which he ex pressed dissatisfaction with extsting parties and his determination to organ ize a new party through the instru mentality of the Independence League. That Mr. Hearst means well will be ad mitted, but there will be a difference of opinion as to the wisdom of his action. In joining a party a man nat urally asks two questions: First, what does the party stand for? And, second, what chance has the party of accom plishing its purpose? The second ques tion Is scarcely less important than the first, for, unless a party has a pros pect of putting its principles into law, it strives in vain, and because it strives in vain - it does not appeal to the peo ple. Of course, a party may do educational work without' dominating the Govern ment, and all parties, however small, do educational work, but the great majority of the voterB prefer to see re sults rather than to do pioneer work. Mr. Hearst complains that the Demo cratic party is not harmonious that is true. But, unfortunately, there is no chance of securing absolute harmony in any party of any size. If a par ty has as many as two "members, the conservative and radical elements will appear. Even where all agree in prin ciples, there will be differences of opin ion as to methods, and auch differ ences cause almost as much trouble as differences in principle. The Repub lican party seemed to be a united party when it came into power in 1861. and yet before Lincoln' had been in office three years the radical element of the party thought him too conservative, and before eight years elapsed a Re publican Congress tried to Impeach a Republican President. ' . The Independence League must grow in order to exert a great influence, and it cannot draw to itself any consider able number of thinking men without becoming a debating society. Whether the new party is really needed Is a matter which time alone can decide. Mr. Hearst has a large per sonal following, and his papers exert a marked influence. He has left the Democratic party because he has lost faith in its power to secure reforms, and the Independence League will offer a political home to those who despair of relief through either the Democratic or Republican parties, but it cannot hope to attract those Democrats who still believe that the Democratic party ran bo made an effective instrument In the hands of the people for the se curing of remedial legislation; neither can it expect to attract reform Repub licans unless those Republicans believe that the Independence League can bring reform sooner than the Demo crats can. In the meantime the Democratic pa pers should treat Mr. Hearst and the new party as an ally rather than as an enemy. We are going in the same di rection, even though we march under different banners, and there ought to be no quarrel so long as we are trying to "cast our devils," although.- we In voke the name of Democracy, while Mr. . Hearst and his associates invoke the name of the Independence League. Will It Be: "The Fat Mr. Bryar ' New York Sun. Mr. Bryan now weighs 23451 pounds. The truth camo out at the tavern of Hale. Weils River. Vt which is head quarters of the New England Fat Men's Club. No man of girth escapes the scrutiny of mine host, who has the club's interests at heart- Mr. Bryan was led up to the scales and bravely paid the Initiation fee. Mr. Bryan's fighting weight was 165 pounds in 1896, when his career as a Presidential candidate, lecturer, and preacher began. Prosperity has filled him out. He Is become too fat for war. but is a fine figure of a man for peace Congresses. Hard times he can never talk about again. As well might Jack Falstaff discourse of soup kitchens and a scarcity of sack. Mr. Bryan may be president yet president of the Na tional Society of Fat Men and one of Its amplest specimens. The Postoffice. Hannah G. Fernald in St. Nicholas. It's the secretest thing that ever you knew! It s aown in the porter apple tree. Nobody knows it but Margie and me. And our fathers and mothers and sisters and brothers And aunties and uncles and one or two others. And you! It's our own little postofflce box! It's a dear little, queer little hole, You won't tell a soul? And we drop down It whatever we please; In a secret place, one doesn't need keys And looks: Our mail isn't Ilka grown folk's quite. TVe send posies and apples and pears. And things like that, for which one cares. we shan t mall letters till by and bye We don't care to. Margie and 1 Can't write! 'AFTER " 'llN.W . FULTON URGES PARTY CONVENTION Faults of Oregon Primary Law Woulcf Be Removed, He Says, by Securing Declaration of Party Principles and Lessening Cost of Primary Cam . paigns to Candidates. I, HE State Government of Oregon I more nearly approaches a pure democracy," says C. W. Fulton, United States Senator for Ore gon, in an article entitled "The People as Legislators," in the North American Review, "than does that of any other state of the Union. This is due to the amendment to its constitution, adopted by a vote of the people in 1902, and known as -the 'Initiative and Referen dum Amendment.' - Senator Fulton points out the merits of the Bystem of nominating candi dates by direct vote of the people, but cites the well-known faults of that system great cost of primary cam paigns to candidates and lack of party platform and party organization. The remedy, he thinks, would be a parly convention, prior to the prima ries, "to declare party principles and promote party organization ... and recommend to the voters a list of can didates. "The advantages of the convention," says Senator Fulton, "would be a rea sonably fair distribution of -candidates geographically, a careful preliminary consideration and weighing of the mer its of the several candidates by the del egates, a declaration of party princi ples and organization .for the cam paign." ' He recommends that the direct primary law be amended "so as to place a limit on the amount that a candidate may expend in his campaign for a nom ination, and as well for his election." The direct legislation method. Sena tor Fulton .recommends, by declaring the people as conservative and capable legislators as their representatives in legislative .assemblies. After detailing the history of the tnt tlattve and referendum and the direct primary law and briefly describing their provisions. Senator Fulton says: The first nominating election under this law occurred In April. 190S. to nominate candidates to be voted for at the general election to be held in June ot that year. A Senator In Congress was to be chosen by the Legislature then to be elected. A very considera ble majority of the candidates for the Legislature signed Statement- No. 1. and when the Legislature was elected it was found that signers of that state meat constituted a clear majority on joint ballot. The result was that a United States Senator from Oregon was, for the first time in many years, elect ed on the first ballot. It was. Indeed, a most welcome change, for so bitter had been the factional differences in the Republican ranks in Oregon during the preceding 20 years that people had ceased to expect an election of a Sen ator to occur before the last ballot on the last night of the session; and it was always possible that there would be no election, as Indeed was the case in two instances. In fact, I am confi dent that the hitter and long-drawn-out contests that had become the un broken custom in Senatorial elections in Oregon contributed more than all else to arouse the people to take the matter into their own hands. Of course, tho -people know that the Legislature cannot constitutionally be required to elect to the Senate the candidate in favor of whom they de clare, but they also know that few members will care to jeopardize -their political future by. declining so to do. Furthermore, if a candidate for the Legislature signs Statement No. 1, he is, in case of "election, bound by an obligation as solemn as his oath of office to conform to it, and It is quite apparent that a candidate who signs that statement will always occupy a much stronger position before the vot ers than one who declines to sign it. Consequently, we may reasonably ex pect that every Legislature will be composed of members of .whom a ma jority were elected on that pledge. Hence it may be said with perfect ac curacy that, in Oregon. United States Senators are elected directly by the people. It is the only state in which that is done. In some others, nomi nations are made directly by party voters, but In -no 'other; to- my knowl edge, is the nominee ' required to go before the people for election. At the last session of the Legislature, an attempt -was made to amend Statement No. 1 so that the Legislative candi date's pledge would be to vote for such member of his own party as should 'receive the highest vote in the primary, but toe amendment was not adopted. The serious objections to the old method of electing Senators were O) the opportunity afforded for the cor rupt use of money, and (2) the extent to which a long Senatorial contest in terfered with legislative work. Un der the new plan, neither of these ob jectionable features will ever again at tend the election of a Senator by an Oregon Legislature. True, there is al ways the danger that an attempt may be made to capture the nomination and YOU" .'-.Sr'."-. .'.'.'yjii' II. -a" 'iC. f From the New York Mall. the popular vote by the lavish use of " " "'-"''pi is not onlv more easily guarded against, but Is result, than wht, .. Kn.. . V D " sman a body as a Legislature, with so much tim ""-erveviea between the elec memoers and the con ing of the legislature to perfect ven and The direct rjrimnrv vith i. advantages. Is not. however. en.ir. without its disadvantages. I speak of the direct primary for nomination ot candidates as we have it. whora I, i. preceded neither by a convention nor by i..r, representative body to sug gest candidates, promulgate a declara tion of party principles and promote F8rt rKani""ion. In my judgment, . the holding of such a convention i h- vance of the primary would be a dis tinct improvement and would in no wise militate against or interfere with "ie principles or purposes of the law. There Is nothing In our nrin.r. i, prohibiting such course, and I think itl "... .rrciuuiiuy De adopted. Without a preliminary convention a poor man. particularly if he is not widely acquainted throughout the state stands slight show of nomination for a state office, however great his merits. For, if unacquainted, he can only brlna his name and merits to the attention of the voters through the newspapers and by meeting personally the voters, all of which means the expenditure of money. On the other hand, one who has money to spend may subsidize newspapers, employ workers at the polls, hire carriages to bring out the voters and thereby secure a nomination over an opponent In every respect bet ter qualified for the office. Quite true, the influence of money cannot be en tirely avoided by any system; but I believe it would be less potent were a convention held in advance of the pri mary election. Another objection- to -proceeding without the discrluflmitihg JtJdg-t-npnt and advisory influence of a convention is the danger that all nom inations will go to the centers of popula tion. "Where a plurality of votes "nomi nates, one residing in a small town or. a rural district has but a very remote chance of securing a nomination, how ever, superior his qualifications. I am of the opinion, therefore, that our law should be amended so as to place a limit on the amount that a candidate may expend in his -campaign for a nomination and as well tor his election, after he has received the nom ination. It is also my conviction that a convention. In advance of the primary election, should be held for the pur pose, among other things, of recom mending to the voters a list of candi dates. It might be well to recommend, in some cases, possibly in all, two ot more candidates for the same office, the voters to decide which should rer ceive the -nomination. Of course, the recommendations of the convention would not preclude any person from having his name placed on the pri mary ticket hy petition, which is the method provided by law. In most in stances, the recommendations of the convention would be ratified by the voters. The advantages of the conven tion would bo a reasonably fair dis tribution of candidates geographically, a careful preliminary consideration and weighing of the merits of the several candidates by the delegates, a declara tion of party principles and organiza tion of the campaign. At the same time, knowledge of the fact that the recommendations of the convention, to be of avail, must receive- the indorse-.' mcnt of the party voters would ensures the most careful and conscientious work on the part of the members of the . convention. Limitation of the amount a candidate may expend in his campaign for the nomination and also for election is of supreme Importance to the preservation of the direct primary, in my judgment It is a matter of common report in Ore gon that two campaigns in 190S name ly. the one for the nomination, the other for election cost most of the successful candidates for State offices as much as their salaries will amount to for two years, while many who were not successful were seriously crippled financially, and I have never heard It charged that any money was employed corruptly. A continuance of conditions permitting such expenditures will op erate in the future to bar from the con test some of the best qualified and most desirable men for the positions. Much of the expense now seemingly unavoidable in the campaign of a com-, paratlvely unknown candidate for a nomination would be rendered unneces by a convention such as I have sug gested. Even though not widely ac quainted throughout the state, hia friends, knowing his qualifications, might so present them to the conven tion aa to secure its indorsement, and that of itself would bring him promi nently before the public and would largely -operate as a guaranty- of his fitness. It will be asked, however, "if a convention is to be held to name fi people at all?" It is not proposed -to clothe the convention with power to nominate, but simply with advisory power, the members of the party to fin ally determine who the candidates shall be. I strongly favor the retention of that feature." It insures earnest efforts, on the part of the convention or ad-' visory body to select and recommend candidates whose character and quali fications will be approved by the party voters; besides, it affords an opportun ity to all who are dissatisfied with the action of the convention to appeal di rectly to the voters, and finally it re serves to the party voters at all times the actual selection of their candi dates. .During the short period of time ir which the initiative and referendum amendment has been a part of our Con stitution, the people have manifested a very lively disposition to exercise their power thereunder. They have, however, evidencrd a conservatism and discrlmi-. nating Judgment both In legislating and in reviewing the work of the Legis- , lature which demonstrates that such powers may be vested in them with perfect safety to all interests. Aside from the direct primary law, the most Important enactment under ' the Initiative is the local option law, which was proposed by petition and approved by a large majority of votes , cast thereon, and thereby became a law. . The general appropriation bill en acted by the Legislature at the Janu ary session in 1906 was, by petition, held up under the referendum,' and re- " ferred to the voters and passed on by them at the .Tune election in 1306. By ' a very decisive majority, the action ol the. Legislature was approved. So far there has been no attempt ta enact unusual or extreme legislation on any subject under the Initiative. On the contrary, our experience thus far tends to indicate that, as legislators. ' the people are fully as conservative and considerate of private and corporate rights as are their representatives in legislative assemblies. Widows and Widowers Excepted. Baltimore News. Omaha. Neb., has passed an ordinance reaufrma- all single persons between. 2c and 45 years ot age to marry within 6C days or pay a heavy fine. Only wldowert and widows are exempted.