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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (April 29, 1907)
5 THE STATE OF OREGON AND ITS GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION OF AFFAIRS OUTLINED Governor Chamberlain Gives Comprehensive Explana . tion of System Under Which Commonwealth Is Run ' PEOPLE INDEPENDENT OF THEIR LAWMAKERS Initiative and Referendum Give Voters of Oregon Powers Possessed in Few Other Commonwealths THE OREGONIAN BUILDING THE MORNING OREGOXIAX, MONDAY, APRIL. 29, 1907. By Governor Gear K. Chamberlain. IT Is probable that Thomas Jefferson was the first and only statesman of his time to realize the importance to the I'nited States of establishing Ameri can supremacy in the Northwest Terri tory. He conceived the idea of sending an emissary to explore the Oregon coun try, but his efforts In this direction failed Mid it was not until 1303 that he was able to perfect his lone-cherished design, and arrangements were then made to send Lewis and Clark across the continent. These explorers planted the Stars and Stripes at the mouth of the Columbia River in the Fall of 1S05, and there has been added to the United States as a result of their efforts and the foresight of Jefferson an expanse of territory almost as great as that which was added Chamberlain. by the Louisiana Purchase. Oregon is a part of the original Oregon country, and the oldest of the Northwest states carved therefrom in point of occupation and set tlement, as it is the richest In all that makes for the betterment of mankind. Here may be found every diversity of soil and climate, and it is sate to say that within the life time of many now living It will be one of the most populous states in the I'nion. Oregon was admitted to the t'nion on the 14th of February, 1X58, and one of the first questions asked by the Intending homeseeker is "What form of govern ment has the state, and what is the dis tribution of powers?" It may be stated generally that there is no very essential difference in th con stitutions of the seyeral states of the Vnion. but for the information of those who contemplate coming amongst us eith er as tourists or as homeseekers, a brief statement of the system of government In vogue in Oregon might be useful. Under the Constitution, the government is divided into three separate depart ments: The Executive, including the ad ministrative, the legislative and the judi cial. The Executive Department, in cluding the administrative, embraces the Governor. Secretary of 8tate. State Treasurer, the Attorney-General and Superintendent of Public Instruction, and in addition thereto the several adminis trative officers of the several counties of the state to which attention will be called later. The state officers named are elected at a general election held on the first Monday in June every four years, the last election having been held on the 4th day of June, 1P06. The Governor alone In limited by the terms of the constitution to two terms, while any of the other officers are eligible for re-election as long as the people may see fit to continue them in office. Tri many of the states separate boards of control are provided for the conduct, su pervision and management of the several state institutions, but under the laws of Oregon the Governor, Secretary of State and State Treasurer are the trustees and have the management and control of the Insane Asylum and Reform School, and in addition thereto constitute the Fish Commission having charge of the fishing industry of the stato: the Governor. Sec retary of State and Superintendent of Public Instruction constitute the Board of Trustees of the Blind School and the Mute School. These boards thus consti tuted are vested with the power of ap pointment of the employes of these sev eral institutions, control and direct their affairs, purchase supplies and audit and allow claims for the conduct thereof. The Governor alone controls the affairs of the Home for Old Soldiers and th peni tentiary, appointing those who have Im mediate charge of each. In addition to these duties the Gov ernor. Secretary of State and State Treas urer constitute and compose the State Land Board, and as such they have i'hai'K ot the sale and disposition of all of the public lands belonging to the state and the control and management of the Irreducible school fund, amounting at this time to nearly $.1,000,000. which they are required to loan on mortgage securities, distributing the Interest semi-annually among the school districts of the state. lOach successive Legislature imposes new 'urtrr iniBgi -At, A IMPORTANT EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF OREGON Facts and Figures Bearing on Settlement and Growth of Beaver State Given in Their Chronological Order George H. Him, fterretary Oregon His torical Pockety. SINCFi the space at my command is necessarily Hmited, only the salient points of Oregon history can be men tioned, and these will be referred to in chronological order without further intro duction. 1 The origin of the name ''Oregon" is much sought for, but it is not known. There are many theories concerning it, but Investigation proves them to be with out foundation. The rst allusion to the frt"-.. J word was by Captain Jonathan Carver, a native of Connecti cut, who was an offi cer in the provincial troops during the French and Indian War of 1753-17S5. He went West in 1766 176S, and reached some place near Min neapolis of today, and in his work en titled "Three Years' Travels Through the x ;,- fj G. H. Hltnes. Interior Parts of N.irth America." published in London In 1778. he spooks of "the Oregon, or River of the West." without explanation as to why he used it. An editorial in the New York Herald in the Spring of 1S4S says the word "Oregon" was derived from an -Indian woid meaning the "backbone of the continent." This theory is supported to some extent by a map of 1S38 alluding to the "Rocky or Oregon Mountuins." M story surrounds the name, however, and probably the searchlight of history will never penetrate it. () The discovery of ;he Columbia River on May 11. 17M. by Captain Robert Grav. in the ship Columbia the flrst American vessel to sail around the earth -marks the beginning of American title to all its possessions upon the Pacific t'OHSt. (3) Inasmuch as the isnth anniversary a liiESw. ;-ficli duties and burdens upon the officials named, and as the state grows in wealth and population it is probable that some change will have to be resorted to in order to relieve these officers of duties which are now becoming almost too great to receive their proper attention. - The administrative department of the several counties consists of a County Clerk (and in addition thereto, in some counties a County Recorder), Treasurer, Sheriff. Assessor. Coroner and Surveyor, each of whom holds office for the term of two years: and in addition thereto such other county, township, precinct and city officers as may be elected or appointed as provided by law. The Legislature consists of a Senate and House of Representatives, the former composed of 30 members elected for a, term of four years, and the latter of 60 members elected for a term of two years. The election of Senators is so arranged that one-half of the whole number are chosen biennially. The Senators and Rep resentatives are apportioned among the several counties according to the num ber of population In each. The Legis lature meets biennially, the last session having convened January 14, 1907. They are limited to a session of 40 days, though they may remain in session longer without pay. The powers and duties of the Legis lature are such as are usually conferred upon legislative bodies. Oregon, however, has taken a step in advance of most f the states of the Union In that the people have amended the constitution of the state, providing tor the initiative and referendum, under which the people can directly with out the intervention of the Legislature enact laws, and can have referred to them tor their approval or rejection laws which have been passed by the Legislature. Though the people have been conserva tive In the use of either the Initiative or referendum. It may be truly said that this conservatism is due to the fact that the existence of this constitutional amend ment has compelled conservatism on the part of legislative bodies. The judicial department consists of a Supreme Court of three Judges and two Supreme Court Commissioners, elected by the people at large, one of the Judges be ing elected every two years. This court Is the court of last resort In the state. In addition to the Supreme Court, the state Is divided into 11 Judicial districts, each district being composed of one or more counties and the Judges being elect ed by the electors of their - respective districts. These courts are designated as Circuit Courts, and in addition to the Judges each district has a Prosecuting Attorney and in some cases two whose duty it is to represent the state in all proceedings pending in these several courts. A County Judge is elected in each county for the term of four years. The County Court over which he presides has jurisdiction pertaining to Probate Courts and In civil cases not exceeding $500. and In criminal matters such jurisdiction as may be prescribed by law. The County Judge and two County Commlsloners in each county have jurisdiction over the fiscal affairs of the county. The number of Justices of the Peace in a county is limited only by the discretion of the County Court. The Superintendent of. Public In struction, the Governor and the Secre tary of State compose the State Board of Education, but the direct supervision of the schools is within the province of the Superintendent of Public In struction. Under him there is a County School Superintendent for each county. The code governing the schools of the state is one of the best in the United States, and under tt the schools are rapidly attaining a first rank for ef ficiency. The foregoing is a very brief sum mary of the distribution of powers and the system of government In vogue In Oregon. The affairs of the state have in the main been economically adminis tered. The amount raised by taxation for state purposes in 1905 was $1,000, 000; for 1906, $600,000: for 1907, $1,025. 000. It may be safely stated that the affairs of no state in the Union possess ing the same extent of teritory have been conducted more economically than have those of the State of Oregon, and if at times the tax levy seems high it will be found that the low -valuation placed upon the subjects of taxation which are reached by the Assessor and the escape of money and credits are responsible therefor. of the first exploring expedition in the United States, conceived by Thomas Jefferson in 1782 and successfully con ducted by Captains Lewis and Clark with 4t men. starting from the Missouri River on May 14. 1804. and arriving at St. Louis on the return trip on September 23, 1S06, for which $2500 was appropriated by Con gress "for the purpose of extending the external commerce of the United States," and thus opening up a route to the Pacific Ocean, was so recently celebrated in Portland it will not be referred to further than to say that the party ar rived at a point six miles south of As toria of today on December ". 1805. built Fort "Clatsop, spent the Winter, and on March 23, 1806, began its eastward jour ney. (4) The flrst American vessel to enter the Columbia River for the purposes of trade was the Albatross, Captain Nathan Winship. on May 26. 1S10. He ascended the river 40 miles and began erecting a fort, but fear of Indians and the annual June rise in the Columbia River fright ened him away, and he never returned. On August 10 of the same year the Pa cific Fur Company, with John Jacob Astor. of New York, at its head, dis patched the ship Tonquin to the Columbia River with 56 men and a cargo of sup plies. The vessel reached its destination on April 11. l&ll. It was christened "As toria" the next day, and the erection of a fort begun. This post was sold to the Northwest Company, a British corpora tion having headquarters in Montreal, by Astor's partners treacherously, as he claimed on October 16. 1813: the name was changed to "Fort George" and the British flag raised on December 12 follow ing. By the treaty of Ghent, Fort George was returned to the United States on October 6. ISIS. (o) The flrst act In Congress looking to the settlement of the "Oregon Coun try" was on December 19, 1820. t'61 The Hudson - Bay Company, a powerful English corporation chartered in London In 170. absorbed the North west Company in 1S21. Then Dr. John McLoughltn. of Canada, was placed In charge of affairs on the Pacific Cojst. arrived in the Winter of 1S24-25. and at once began building Fort Vancouver. That year wheat, oats, barley corn and ; ' Is -3 855 prp nm. u w h flfTHf! rii ' ""'lt,m' liin ifini-Vri i iM Hirsrirmnrrn"ti- mar- ''s' . A u HOME OF THE OREGOXIAN NEWSPAPER. Oregon's history and that of The Oregonian newspaper are inseparable. When Portland was little more than a .village, lying entirely upon the west bank of the Willamette. The Oregonian -was established, and from that time to the present day it has chronicled the development of the Oregon country and been the chief exponent of Its people. The first issue of The' Oregonian was printed December 4, 1830. At first the paper, was published weekly, each issue containing four pages of six columns each. Its first issue as a daily was February ' 4, 1861. Three years after The Oregonian was established Henry L. Pittock became identified with it and soon assumed the active management, which he holds up to the present day. . Harvey W.Scott became editor of The Oregonian in May, 1865. and is still its editor. Throughout the years of its publication The Oregonian has maintained unquestioned preeminence among the newspapers of the Northwest, and this position is recognized throughout the United States. Its circulation ex ceeds that of any other newspaper in this territory. Its mechanical equipment is of the best, and its ninestory home, completed in 1893, is one of the finest newspaper buildings in the country. ' timothy grass were introduced into Ore gon, also seedling fruit. Dr. McLoughlin built v a sawmill six miles east of Van couver in 1828 and a gristmill in 1S29 the flrst mills west of the Rocky Mountains in United States territory. (7) The effort to colonize Oregon was begun- by Hall J. Kelly, a Massachusetts schoolmaster, in 1829. as general agent of the American Society, for Encouraging the Settlement of the "Oregon Country." (81 In 1832 Captain Nathaniel J. Wyeth came overland to Oregon to establish' a trading post. He was the first to plant wheat, corn and vegetables on Sauvie's Island. With him came John Ball and Calvin Tlbbetts, the former teaching the first school in Oregon, beginning in No vember, 1832, at Vancouver, with Tib betts following. After Ball returned to New York, from whence he started, he went to Michigan in 1836 and founded Grand Rapids. Ronald McDonald, a pu pil of Ball's taught English in Japan in 1S48. (9 The Methodist Missionary Board sent Rev. Jason Lee. assisted by Rev. Daniel Lee and three laymen, to Oregon in 1834. The party arrived at Vancouver in September, and the flrst sermons wer preached by JaBon Lee pn the 28th the first in Oregon. A mission was estab lished thAt Winter, and the otttgrowtb. of that feeble beginning is Willamette University of today. The next Protestan. missionaries were Dr. Marcus Whitman, Rev. Henry Spalding and their wives, who came overland in 1836. These ' wen the first white women to cross the con tinent. This party was sent by th-i American board, supported by Congrega tional and Preabyterian Churches of that day. and established the flrst mission east of the Cascade Mountains near Walla Walla and Lewiston of today t-i the Winter of 1836-37. The first Roma't Catholic missionaries arrived in 1838, and. mass was first said at Vancouver No vember 25 by Rev. F. X. Flanchet, af sisted by Rev. M. Deniers. The French settlers near Champoeg built a log church in 1836, which was dedicated January 1840. (10) Ewing Young, the flrst American settler west of the Williamette River,, arrived in November. 1834. He died Feb ruary 13, 1841. leaving considerable prop erty: The administration of this estate by a handful of Americans was the first act -pertaining to civil government west of the Rocky Mountains. This led to the organization of the provisional gov ernment on Mav 2. 1843, which continue'! until March A 1849. 11) The flrst white persons to be mar ried In Oregon were Rev. Jason Lee t'l Miss Anna Maria Pittman by Rev. Daniel Lee, and Cyrus L. Shepherd to Miss Susan Downing by Rev. Jason Lee, un der a fir tree, on July 16, ISoi. (12) First white children born in Ore gon: Alice Clarissa Whitman, March 14, 1837, drowned June- 23, 1839; Jason Leo White, July 1S37. drowned August, 1S38 Joseph Beers, September 15, 1837; Mrs. Eliza Spalding Warren, November 15, 1837; son of Jason Lee, June 6, 1S38. died Jn a few days; Cyrus H. Walker, Decem ber 7, 1838, (13) The first printing press in Oregon was the mission press from the Sand wich Islands in 1839. This was sent to the islands from Boston in 1821.' The first newspaper on this Coast was the Spec tator, issued at Oregon City on February 5. 1846; the first in Portland. The Ore gonian. December 4, 1S50: the first in Mil waukie, November 21. 1850; the first north of the Columbia River, at Oiympia, Wash., September 11. 18Tj2. (14) Aside from the missionaries, the first real settlers who came to Oregon were Robert Moore, Sidney Smith, Fran cis Fletcher. Amos Cook, R. L. Kil-ho-urne. Joseph Holman and Robert Shortess. They left Peoria. HI., May 21, 1839. and arrived at their destination late that Fall. The first census of Oregon, taken in 1849. gave a population of 90S3. (15) The Yakima Indian War of 1555-56. beginning in September. 1855. and ending in July, 1856, was fought to a successful termination by the pioneers of Oregon with "but little aid from the General Gov ernment. , (16) The original "Oregon Country" was bounded as follows: By the- Pacific Ocean on the west, 42d degree on the south, summit of the Rocky Mountains on the east and 54 :40th degree on th north. The treaty with Great Britain in 1846 made the northern boundary the 49th degree. (17) Oregon was admitted to the Union on February 14. 1859. The first Senators were General Joseph Lane and Deluzon Smith; the first Congressman. La Fayette Grover, ami the flrst Governor, John Whiteaker. Work of the Oregon Hen. The raising of poultry is an important adjunct to fanning in Oregon. There are several large farms devoted exclusively to poultry and the field offers a good opening to those who understand this business. As- a side line to farming, the tregon hen is an important factor, for eggs command a good price throughout ihe greater part of the year. In spite of most' favorable conditions for poultry raising, there are not enough eggs pro ducted within the state to supply the consumption. It is estimated tha 2,750,000 dozens of eggs were produced in Oregon last year. During the season when eggs are most plentiful 135,000 dozens were ex ported, but these were more than offset by 384,000 dozens shipped here from the Middle West at other times during the year. , Do Xot Fail to See Portland. Your excursion ticket to the Christian Endeavor and all other Pacific Coast con ventions includes Portland without extra cost and can he bought at any station in the t'nited States or Canada. Br W. 8. run.". THE people of Oregon, and of its cities and towns, are no longer sub ject to rulers in their state and local law-making. I am asked to write this article principally for the Informa tion of people who may be looking to wards our state as a future home, there fore I hope our own citlxens will pardon the recital of a story that is old to them. In 1902 our state adopted a constitutional amendment for the initiative and refer endum on an general $ laws. By its pro- f visions 8 per cent of f the voters may pro- '9l$f pose to the people of I - v " the state nnv law or .- V ' amendment to the & xA'to. constitution by their initiative petition: 5 per cent of the vot ers mv file their referendum petition demanding the sub mission to the people of anv act passea tVA T-Atrlalat-iire- W. S. these petitions are filed with tary of State,' who then submits to-4Jie people at the next general election all measures for which such petitions are Bled. In 1906 the people again amended the constitution to extend the Initiative and referendum powers to the people of every county, district, city and town as to all local, municipal and special legislation, and also applying the referendum to any item, section or part of any bill passed by the Legislature. Every measure sub mitted Is approved or rejected by a ma jority of those voting thereon. The per fect power of the people is indicated by the enacting clause of every bill. "Be it enacted by the people of the State of Oregon." which means all It says. The Secretary of State malls to every voter a pamphlet containing a copy of all measures to be voted upon' and of the arguments and reasons offered for and against each measure. The expense for paper and printing the arguments must be paid by the parties offering them. The purpose is to insure to every voter the utmost possible Information as to every question on which he may vote. The total of all expenses for printing, postage and all other things caused by the initiative and referendum voting does not exceed $15,000 at each general election for -the state. Last year the people approved an amendment to the constitution granting home rule to the people of cities and towns? in enacting and amending their charters and taking that power from the Legislature. Bight of our principal cities have already amended their charters or taken steps to submit amendments. In cities not more than 15 per cent may be required for the initiative petition, nor more than 10 per cent for the referendum against acts of the City Council. At the election in 1904 a direct primary nominating election law was proposed by initiative petition and enacted by the peo ple. By its provisions conventions for the nomination of all officers except Presidential electors are abolished for all political partieB casting more than 25 per v 1 U'Ren. the Secre- WAGEWORKERS' STATUS IN THE STATE OF OREGON r Compensation Never Greater in All Industries 1 Than at Present Conditions Are Superior By O. P. HoB", State Commissioner of I-abor. WAGES 1n Oregon at the present time are higher, In every line of industry than ever before, the only exceptions being in a few branches during territorial days when special con ditions, growing out of the isolation of the Pacific Northwest, for a time existed. On the dthef hand, as in all other states of the Union, the cost of living has In creased correspondingly. The wage ques tion, to a very great degree,, is self ad Justing. When labor of all kinds is in de mand, as is the case at present, . wages advance, but rarely or never so fast that the price of other commodities do-es not keep pace with them. In every in dustry, however, the advance In the prlocs of their products al lows employers to 1 ,. jf labor, and - to - share O. F.-Hoff, with the workers the general .prosperity. The lot of the workingmau or woman in Oregon, however, is exceedingly pleas ant. Dlsasterous strikes and lock-outs are practically unknown. The relations between employer and employe generally are more intimate and cordial than in older communities. Conditions of employ ment, as a rule, are sanitary and pleas ant, and due to the balmy climate the laborer engaged in outdoor- work' finds himself far better situated than in the states of the Central. West and East. The wages given in the appended table are the average for each class of work, and with few exceptiona show last year's rate of pay. If in any way changed, there ie a slight increase in a few cases. The gures, with the exception of those referring to domestic help, flshcanners. fruitcanners, hotel help, laundry workers, railroad men, stock and farm hands, millers, miners, saw-mill - workers, and woolen-mill hands, are Portland wages. Outside of Portland less to, in many cases, paid with longer hours. However, the difference in the cost of living is generally less; Wages in Oregon. Baker?, 10 hours 8-50 Barbers. 11 hours 2.60 Bartenders, 10 bours. ............... . 2.30 Beer drivers, 8 hours 2.r, Blacksmiths. hours 3.23 Boilermakers and iron ship builders, 0 bours 3.50 Bookbinders, (male) 8 hours 3.20 Bookbindi-rs (female). 8 boura l..l Boatbuilders. 10 hours S.50 Brwers. 8 hours 3.::: Bricklayers, 8 hours 5.00 Brlckmakers. -10 hours 3.00 Bridge builders. 9 hours............... 3.00 Butchers. 10 hours 3.00 Caxpentrs. 8 hours - 3..Q C"arpt .layers. 8 hours 3.50 Carriage and wagonmakeri, 10 hours. 3.0O rtsarmakers. 6 hours n.r.O Clerks, mat, 10 hours 2.2. Clerks (female), 10 hours..... 1.2) Compositors, s hours., 4. on Cooke, waiters, (male), pr ripk..... 12.00 Cooks, waiters ffemale), per week... S.OO Coopers. 6 hours 3.00 I f . -Jt vi cent of the votes at any election: it does not affect smaller parties and indepen dents. It provides for the nomination of candidates for United States Senators and a choice by the people at the general election, intended to make the election of the Legislature a mere formal ratifica tion of the vote of tne people. Under this law two Senators were chosen by the people at the election in June. 1906. and their choice was formally and almost unanimously ratified by the Legislature, without any charge of cor rupt or undue influence in any form. This law has largely destroyed the power of the party boss and his political machine, both in local and state government. The existence of the initiative and referendum powers of the people hits removed temptation from the members of the Legislature, but not all of those who would like'-to be tempted. One member was heard to say. at the last session, that "I have not made enough, to pay for my meals, and if the refer endum crowd gets In Its work for an other two years we might as well all stay at home." A local option liquor law was pro posed by initiative petition, and en acted by the people in 194. The or ganized liquor dealers complained very bitterly that it was unjust, and tried) to amend it out of existence in the Legislature of 1905, and by an initia tive bill before the people in 1906. but were defeated at the election by nearly 10.000 majority. That seems to hav settled the question. Eight counties and many precincts have voted dry! since 1904. Prohibition is now purely a local issue In Oregon. t Party political organizations are, in failing health.- The absolute power to' decide all questions by "Be it enactex by the people of the State of Oregon.'' and to decide many questions at oner election and each separately on its owoa merits appears to be fatal to the per-' fection of party discipline and organ-; ization. Nine measures have been ap-j proved and four rejected by the people)' since 1902 by majorities ranging, fromii 3000 to 63.000, the whole number of" voters being less than 100,000. Thai measures that have been proposed bTa Initiative petition and approved by the? people have been rejected or lost one or more times in the Legislature. , It seems likely that two and posai-! bly three referendum petitions will bef filed next month against acts of that Legislature. j Other novelties which may be pro posed by initiative petition next year,! new for the most part only In tier sense that they are not In operatiooi in the United States, include the re call, by which the people may by petl-l tion order a special election and dis-1 charge any public official by majority, vote; election of members of the Legis-' lature by proportional representation,' so that each political organization may, be represented by a number of mem bers proportionate to the number of its voters; a law to place a poor man on an equal footing with a rich man' In aspirins; to public office; corpora tion tax measures proposed by the State Tax Commission and' rejected by, the Legislature; a Woman Suffrage) amendment, and perhaps others. Men who are looking for a homei where there Is no political boss, and! where each man's influence in the gov ernment depends on his integrity and ability rather than on his wealth and cunning, may safely settle in Oregon.- romestie, 10 liours, tper month)..... 18.20 Dressmakers. lO hours 1.20 Electric workers, 10 hours -, 3. 00 Engineers, 10 hours 2.78 Engineers, marine, 12 hours board)...- 3.00 Fish canneries. 10 hours white le.bor 2 25 Fruit canneries, (male). IO hours...... 2 2R Fruit canneries (female). 10 hours..." 1.15 Furniture workers, 10 hours , 2.50 Garment workers (male), 10 hours.... 3.0O Garment workers (female), 10 hours.- 2!oo Glassmakers, 10 hours 3.2 Gralnhandlers. 9 bours. ............ - 2.50i Hodcarrlers, 8 hours " goO1 Hotel help (male), 10 hours (week) . . 9.0(y Hotel help (female), 10 hours, (week) 5.2 Horse grooms, per month , . . . . 50.00 Horse Jockeys, per month............. 40.0O Horse trainers, per month 150.00 Iron molders, 9 hours s,7S Laundry workers (male). 19 hours., son Laundry workers (female), 10 hours,, l.-iai Leather workers, 9 hours Locomotive enf-Ineer, 8-10 hours A 4 5W Locomotive firemen, 8-10 hours s.d9 Longshoremen, day work per hour 40c to 8c. Longshoremen, ' night work per hour 40 to 00c. Machinists,-' 9 hours aid Marble workers, 8 hours ...II 3 Ml! Messengers. 9 hours H'' '-,tt Millers, 10 hours 3 0(y Miners, 8 hours s'ooi Musicians, 5 hours................ 3 "SJ Painters. 8 hours .ij!? 3 Jv Photo engravers, 8 hours V. 4 Vr- Plasterers, 8 hours a Ort Plumbers, Portland, 8 hours 0 Plumbers, outside towns, 8 hours... 4 fHH Printing pressmen, 8 hours s'jsi Railroad conductors, 8-10 hours..'.... 4.00 Railroad freiKht conductors, 10 hours 2 2V Railroad section foreman, per month 80 CO' Railroad section men, 10 hours.... 150 Railroad telegrapher, 12 hours 2f Railroad trainmen, brakemen, glio hours H (HI Bailors (board), 9 hours 1 &5 Sawmill workers ( Engineers, 10 hours. 2 72s Firemen, 10 hours "'IL nri1 Sawyers, 10 hours s Fliers, 10 hours . s S?l Planermen. 10 hours 2 taV Other machine men, 10 hours'. " "I 2 4.tn Laborers. 10 hours 2.2 School teachers (male), (average for i state), per year 390 j-jt School teachers (female), (average for state), per year 274 20 Sheet metal workers. 8 hours..- . "'" 4 g, Ship riggers and liners, per hour!!!!l! - Shipwrights and caulkers, 8 hours!!. I 3.501 Stage employes n o(j. Stereotypers and electrotypera, g 'hours 3'.V Stock and farm hands. 10 hours 1.4 Street railway men, loi hours."!!!! 2 45' Tailors (male). 10 hours , 300 Tailors (female), 10 hours !!!.!. 2 00 Teamsters, 10 hours II!!"!"!- 2.7. Tpntmakers (male). 10 hours 2 M Tentmakers (female). 10 hours ' . 1.4S Traveling goods workers (males), 9 hours 250 Traveling goods workers' "('female)',' ' hours 1 oi) Wood and wire workers. 8 hour 3.00 Woolen mill (male and female) 10 t- hours, Tli cents to 2.jjr Portland's School Growth. Rapid Increase in the population of Portland is shown by the gain in the registration of the local public schools. The attendance for the present vear has already passed the 20.000 mark and will probably be about 20.400. Last year it was 17,031, and the year before 15.S77. 1 Five years ago there were 13,290 pupils In the schools, and 30 years ago there were 10,211!). Besides "the attendance in the public schools there Is a large registra tion In the parochial schools and private Institutions of elementary grade.