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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 13, 1906)
VOL. XLVI. NO. 14,337. PORTLAND, OREGON, THURSDAY, DECE3IBER 1906. PRICE CENTS. RACES CLASH AT fine Serious Riot Is Barely Averted. POLICE INTERFERE IN TIME Stableman Starts Trouble by Striking Japanese. BROWN MEN RESENT ACT Form Mob to Avenpe Insult Whites Rally to Support of Comrade, but Officers Stop Hostilities. Aggressor Is Arrested. SAN FRANCISCO. Dec. 12. (Special.) A small riot. Insignificant In Itself, but which may be the first of a aeries of events to strain the relations be tween Japan and America to the break- Ing point, occurred late this afternoon In the Japanese quarter on Geary street. A young man. Ed Mell, em ployed in a stable at 1515 Geary street, precipitated the disturbance with a vi cious swing which landcH on the jaw of Tokuchika, a Japanese delivery driver. In an Instant 100 angry Jap anese and a Bcore of young Americans had collected. There was a general move of the Orientals toward Mell. "Come on, all of you," he cried. "I'll lick every d d Jap in the crowd." Police Prevent a Klot. The warlike tone of the young fellow aroused the crowd aid the races squared away, preparatory to a general engagement. Older men kept peace until police officers could close in and arrest young Mell and dispersed the crowd. The fighting blood of young Japan had -met the fighting blood of Toung America. Mell, who is 23 years of age, was caring for .vehicles as they came Into the stable. The Japanese driver, who is 30 years of age, drew up in front of the stable to deliver a package. "Back your horse out of the way!" shouted Mell. The Japanese refused to comply. Mell seized the horse's bridle and began to hack the animal, when the Oriental shouted at him, ordering him' to desist. By this time a mob of Japanese and another of Americans had collected, each encouraging its countrymen. .Mell climbed upon the wagon and angry words followed. Lands on Japanese' Jaw. Suddenly Mell shot a swift right to the. jaw of the Oriental. The crowd closed In upon the two. The Japaneso hurried Tokuchika out of the way and then advanced upon Mell. Americans came to his aid and defied the Ori entals. When a generei mixup appeared in evitable a police officer rushed in be tween the combatants, seized Mell and placed him under arrest. As Mell was being led away a Japa nese remarked in a loud voice, to a companion: "San Francisco will soon be controlled by the Japanese!" Another Clash Threatened. The hell it will!" hurled back one of the white boys in the crowd, and the two rushed at each otiier. They were pulled apart by bystanders. A report of the entire affair was made to the Japanese Consul. Toku chika placed his case in the hands of James B. Nakada, a local Japanese in terpreter. GEAR IX PROPOSES REMEDY w Treaty Willi Japan Kxcluding Coolies From America. OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU, Wash ington. Dec. 12. Senator Gearin today introduced and will later speak on a resolution that it be the opinion of the Senate that our treaty with Japan be so modified as to prohibit the coming to this country of Japanese coolie labor. He will say that It Is the only solution of existing trouble, and inasmuch as the Japanese government does not want her people to emigrate, he believes Japan will agree to such modification of the treaty at this time as will avoid a repetition of the trouble experienced by tho Pacific Coast with the Chinese prior to the passage of the exclusion act. He will talk with Senators from the Pacific Coast before making his speech, and will unquestionably have their united support. Following is the text of Mr. Gearln's resolution: "W-herraa, controversy ha arisen as to richts of Japanese residents in the United Slates under the existing treaty with Japan and it is desirable that all cause ot misunderstanding as to the scope and meaning, of the terms used In that treaty should be removed, to the end that the present friendly relatione be iwcen the two governments should continue; and Whereas, the Senate considers that further unrestricted immigration of Japanese laborers Into this country is not desirable; therefore, be It Resolved, That it is the sense of the Senate that it Is advisable that negotiations should be entered Into with the Japanese government by the proper executive otTlccrs ot the United states, with a view to securing such niodin cfltlons of the existing treaty with Japan as will clearly define and enumerate the rights uiaranUed Javanese under said treaty and will provide that further coming of Japanese coolie laborers Into the United States be pro hibited altogether. WANTS AGREEMENT WITH lTS Russia Proposes Understanding Against Aggression of Japan. ST. PETERSBURG, Dec. 12. The Bourse Gazette, one of the most respon sible journals in Russia, today contained a leading article advocating a rapproche ment between the United States and Rus sia to safeguard the Interests of both powers in the Far East, which, the paper says, are now threatened by Japan. The Bourse Gazette remarks: Contemporary Europe has no ground on which a combination of powers for the maintenance of peace in the Far East is possible, but Russia and the United States are able to Join hands In this purpose. Tbey have no old scores to settle. Their ancient friendship is only temporarily impaired, ow ing to the mistakes of the former regime. A Russia-American rapprochement, which is historically necessary, would check the Asiatic storm, which is again moving toward the Western- world. This in no way implies war mlth Japan. On the contrary, so soon as the undertak- Senator Isidor Rsyner, of Maryland, Who Attacks Koosevelfs Japanese Follcy. . ing takes definite form, it will guarantee the stability of peace in the Far East. The Bourse Gazette says it finds- that the chief source of Japanese Chauvinism Is now shown in the negotiations of the Tokio government with the Governments at Washington and St. Petersburg to be the "utter bankruptcy of the moral pres tige of the West in Japanese eyes, owing to Japan's easy defeat of Russia and the discovery that the solidarity of the West ern peoples in the work of peaceful de velopment is an empty sound." The arti cle adds: The war indicated to tho Japanese that everything was permissible to them. If ma terial force was on their side. The first step in the moral rehabilitation of the West is a Ruso-American rapprochement: In this connection may be quoted a re mark made to the Associated Press cor respondent by a. Russian diplomat of the highest rank, who said: Russia places the highest value on the friendship of tho United States and realizes and acknowledges that serious mistakes were made in the past, to which the im pairment of the friendship of the last few years Is due. Our task Is now to repair these blunders. The Novoe Vremya and Rech and Slovo also devote leading articles in most ap prehensive tone to the Japanese question. JAPANESE ARE BARRED OUT Greek Letter l-'raternities at Seattle Draw Color lane. S E ATTIRE, Wash., Dec. 12. (Special.) Greek letter fraternities at the University of Washington will not admit Japanese students to membership, and discrimina tion against the little brown college men in thivt respect is growing steadily throughout the United States. No Jap anese has ever been admitted by any of the secret societies at tho State Uni versity here, and none ever will be, ac cording to vigorous statements made by prominent members of the fraternities. Many of these societies have provisions in their constitutions excluding any but members of the white race, while the others that have at times initiated Jap anese have determined not to do so in tho future. Arthur Ragan Priest, dean of the col lege of liberal arts, has just returned from tho National convention of the Phi Delta Theta and brought word that the society is opposed to the Japanese. Other Greek letter men at the State. University then followed his lead. PLAINTIFF IN TEST CASE FOUND School Board and District Attorney Will Agree on Facts Today. SAN FRANCISCO. Dec. 12. Kekichi Aokl, 10 years of age, son of a bookstall keeper, has been selected -by the United States as the plaintiff in the case to be begun in the State Supreme Court to test the validity of the resolutidns of the Board of Education providing for the segregation of Japanese in the public schools of San Francisco. United States District Attorney Devlin will have a conference tomorrow with City Attorney William G. Burke and President Aaron Altmann, of the Board of Education, for the purpose of formally agreeing to the statement of facts pre pared by the latter as the basis for the proceedings in court. Mr. Devlin would not say yesterday whether the Government would appeal to a higher tribunal in the event of the State Supreme Court rendering a decision ad verse to the Japanese. It is generally understood, however, that this will be done. SOLDIERS COME IN DISGUISE Two Whole Regiments of Japanese at Honolulu. HONOLULU, Dec. 12. It Is stated here and lias been reported to the United States Government, at Washing ton that two regiments of Japanese, completely officered, are in Honolulu disguised as laborers. Whether they are armed is not known. WASHINGTON, nee. 12. The Honolulu report that it was stated there that Jap anese troops, fully officered, were in that city disguised as laborers and that the fact had been reported to this Govern ment met with an emphatic denial here tonight. Acting Secretary of State Bacon said he had heard nothing of such a re port. Secretary Taft stated that no such r V' -n i (Concluded on Page 2.) TRYING TO STEAL LODGE'S THUNDER Beveridge's Scheme on Child Labor Bill. SENATE WILL GIVE REBUFF Lodge Furnished 'ideas, for President's Message. SHARP TRICK OF HOOSIER Seeks Credit of Colleague's Work, but Will Be Sat Upon Adopted Same Method With Meat Inspection Bill, OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU. Wash ington. Dec. 12. If the United States Sen ate passes a bill to restrict child labor In American factories, as recommended by President Roosevelt in his message, it will adopt mibsantially the bill. Intro duced by Senator Lodge of Massachu setts, not that introduced toy Senator Beveridge of Indiana. Behind this state ment lies an interesting tale that shows up Mr. Beveridge as plagiarist, and the fact that the whole Senate is aware of the circumstances makes it absolutely certain that the Beveridge bill will be pigeon-holed. Long before the President's message was written, Mr. Lodge had several talks with the President on the subject of child labor. He had given a great deal of study to the subject, and was partic ularly competent to. speak, because his own state has the most comprehensive set of labor laws of any state in the Union, and Mr. Lodge was thoroughly conversant with those laws and with conditions In the extensive factories of Massachusetts. The President was Im pressed by what Mr. Lodge said and thereupon drafted that portion of his message recommending child-labor legis lation. Beveridge Steals Thunder. Just before the President left for Pana ma, Mr. Beveridge called at the White House and the President read to him parts of his message, including his re ference to child labor, incidentally tell ing him why he had Incorporated that feature in his message. Mr. Beveridge went back to Indiana, drew up a child labor bill of his own and gave it to the press with an Interview In which he told of liis intention to press it during the short session. The interview was circu lated far and wide, and Mr. Beveridge was proclaimed In the press as a worthy young Senator who was fathering a worthy cause. Yet he knew when he gave the interview that he was stealing Mr. Lodge's thunder. When Congress assembled, Mr. Lodge brought with him to Washington his child labor bill and held it ready to in troduce on the opening day. Mr. Beve ridge learned this, so' he tucked his own bill in his pocket and waited for his op portunity. No bills were introduced on the first or second day of the session, but on the third morning Mr. Beveridge went to the Vice-President and asked that he be the second man recognized when bills were presented, Mr. Wetmore having been promised first show. The Vice-President, who Is from Indiana, naturally gave his consent, and after Mr. Wetmore had taken his scat, Mr. Beveridge jumped up, was recognized and presented his child labor bill. Mr. Lodge was astonished; the eagerness and the restlessness of the young man from Indiana convinced him that Mr. Beveridge had some particular reason for getting in first. Mr. Lodge said nothing, but in due time presented his own bill and it was referred, along with the Beveridge bill, to the committee on education and labor. Neither Mr. Beveridge nor Mr. Lodge is a member of this committee, -and neither has any advantage over the other, save that Mr. Lodge is rejected by the entire Senate, while Mr. Beveridge Is held .In contempt, and doubly so since the Senate has learned of the trick he played In regard to this child-labor bill. The sympathies of the Senate are de cidedly with Mr. Lodge, and the trick of Mr. Beveridge is certain to result in the defeat of his bill, though it may aid the Lodge bill on its passage. 'Same Trick With Meat Bill. This is not the first time that Mr. Beveridge has been caught in sharp legis lative practice. In the last session he introduced the famous meat inspection amendment to the agricultural appropria tion bill and told of the enormous amount of study h'e had given the subject and the care he had exercised in drafting the amendment so that it would be effec tive and cure the then existing evils in Packingtown. Tet it is a notorious fact that that amendment was drafted, at re quest of the President, by George P. McCabe, of Utah, solicitor for the Agri cultural Department, and was later turned over to Mr. Beveridge to Introduce. Mr. Beveridge sought to acquire credit to which he was not entitled. It was the President who determined that Federal meat inspection was needed, and when Mr. Beveridge learned of that fact he begged the President to allow him to Introduce the amendment. He said he wanted the credit for it, especially as he had been somewhat discredited through the defeat of the joint statehood bill, which he had so vigorously cham pioned. The President hag always been friendly to Mr. Beveridge and gave him the meat inspectipn amendment. Fair ness would have demanded that Mr. Beveridge give credit for the authorship lo the man to whom it belonged, or at least that he present it as a bill pre pared at the request of the President. But Instead of that he presented it as the fruits of his own effort, when as a matter of fact he had given not a mo ment's study to the subject. He Only Fools Himself. Mr. Beveridge seems to think that the Senate is being fooled by his trickery, but he Is the only Senator that is fooled; he is fooling himself. The Senate never liked Mr. Beveridge, for he came in an upstart, forced himself into the limelight in defiance of all traditions of the Senate and has been a perpetual nuisance ever since. He is, without exception, the most unpopular member of the Senate; un popular among Republicans and Demo crats alike, and the best way to kill any legislation is to entrust It to him. Had some other man managed the joint state hood bill it is possible Arizona and New Mexico might by now have been in the f PC ' M Henry Wblte, Appointed Ambaaaa- dor to irance. Union as a single state. The champion ship of Mr. Beveridge did more than anything else to defeat that Administra tion measure. The Senate will probably recognize the wisdom of enacting a child labor law, as urged by the President, but if It does it will be the Lodge bill. ' Mr. Beveridge will make a lot of noise; .he will do his best to steal all the credit, but he won't deserve it, and, so far as the Senate is able to decide, he will not get It. A man can't be a sneak ' and succeed in the Senate. One Senator can never get ahead by stabbing his colleagues in the back. Mr. Beveridge has shown up in hia true, .lights, and he .will pay the penalty. "' - : " " , ' CLAIMS CHICAGO DOMAIN Massachusetts Man Files Suit for $2,500,000 Worth of Land. CHICAGO, Dec. 12. In the Federal Circuit Court today Sidney Smith, of Cambridge, Mass., filed 14 suits for writs of ejectment on land here worth $2,500,000. The City of Chicago and four other defendants are named in the suits. The land named is almost the entire territory south of Thirty fifth street to Thirty-ninth street, be tween Grand Boulevard and Lake Michigan. Smith claims to have pur chased the claims of the heirs of the original grantee, whose title has not been extinguished. CONTENTS TODAY'S PAPER Th Weather. TESTERDAY'S Maximum temperature 49 degrees; minimum, d. TO DAY' S Proba b 1 y occa-M on al 1 1 g-ht rain ; south to weat winds. Japanese Question. Street fight between whites and Japanese In San Francisco. Fage 1. Gearin proposes treaty to exclude Japanese laborers. Page l. Baynf speaks in Senate against Pres'dent'a Japanese policy. Pago 1. Rumor Japanese soldiers land In Hawaii In disguise. Page 1. 'o reign. France pushes war tvr church pvpRrntlon and pope protest against Montagnlni's expul sion. Fage 1. British Commons reject Ijords amendments to education b'll. Page 8. National. , Houe rejects simplified spelling. Page 4. Senate confirms Moody and Cabinet ap pointees. Page 4. ' Beveridge steals Iodge's thunder on child la bor bill. Page 1. House land committee to give hearings on coal land bill. Page 4. Politics. Secretary Root speaks on extinction of state rule by National Government. Page 1. Civic Federation hears Belmont on wealth and detaLe on injunct'ons. Page 3. Domestic. Mrs. Hartje wins divorce suit, but Hartje will appeal. Page 5. Argument on Standard Oil's claim to Immun ity. Page 2. Ex-Senator Brown dies without telling atory of shooting. Page 3. Peary offers to seek North Pole again. Page 4. Jerome makes big raid on New York- gam blers. Page 2. Paciflo Coust. Washington " Railroad Commission gives acci dent statistics. Page 6. Monmouth College asks for $115,000 appropria tion. Page ti. Oregon State Library Commission, flies bien nial report. Page 6. Slow progress made in Thompson murder trial at Tacoma. Page G. Electric line from Portland to Forest Grove may be built. Page 6. Indian kills two of tribe near Pocatello, Idaho. Page 5. Third District Oregon Development League Indorses open river. Page 5. Portland and Vicinity. C. E. Loss declares United Railways Com pany will carry out its Portland pro jects. Page 11. Water Board changes meter rates. Page 10. Murray murder trial may end today. Page 10. Local freight blockade situation improved, but still serious. Page 10. Portland-Alaska steamship project to be In corporated today. Page 14. Commercial and Marine. Short pack of sardines means much higher prices. Page 15. Chicago wheat market weakened by sell ing. Page 15. Advance in New York stock market checked. Page 15. Drive against Coeur d'Alene mining- stocks. Page 15. ' Derelict Melanhope picked up by steamer Northland oft Oregon Coast. Tage 14. Bark Agate waterlogged towed into Astoria. Page 14. HOT DAUNTED BY THREATS OF France Stands Firm Against Church. ALL PROPERTY CONFISCATED Priests Who Celebrate Mass Today to Be Fined. BISHOPS ARE MOVING OUT Only One Disturbance Marks Day. Documents Showing Conspiracy Found Among Montag nlni's Fapers. PARIS. Dec. 12. (Special.) Dire threats from the Vaticap of war on Prance are regarded lightly by tho gov ernment, which Is going rigidly ahead with the application of the church sep aration law. Premier Clemenceau's grim rejoinder that "the Vatican would get all the war It wanted," outlines very clearly and unmistakably the attitude of the government, which knows where Its stands and will submit neither to bluffing nor cajolery. Among the great mass of papers seized yesterday at the nunciature are docu ments that would prove highly embar rassing to the Vatican if matters were pushed. Today there Is much less talk of war or resistance on the part of the militant Roman Catholics. Government Will Sell Churches. The government is taking steps to dis pose of the public edifices connected with the services of the Roman Catholic Church, as well as the episcopal palaces, rectories and seminaries. By concession of the government the churches were to be placed in trust until December 11, 1907, in order to give the clergy another year in which to comply with the laws, but owing to the papal instructions forbidding the priesthood to observe the law, the churches will be disposed of immediately. It Is generally believed that priests who refuse to obey the law will be de prived of their French citizenship, be ing considered to be In. the service of a foreign ruler that Is to say, the Pope. Hard on Country Clergy. The suppression of pensions of the clergy, which the government has decid ed upon, will be felt severely by the poor country clergy. Many of them had a total yearly income of between $350 and By the law of 1305 a pension of JflO a year was to be allowed the country priests, but now even that pittance Is to bo swept away, and they are. Into the bargain, to be turned out of the modest village presbytery which they occupied rent free. The problem of what is to become of them is a serious one. Under the new French law, which is the cause of the war between the state and the Vatican, church property valued at 300,000,000 has been confiscated. For any other but religious uses, however, It has much less value. Recently an aban doned church which cost $20,000 was sold for $250, or the value of the material after the cost of demolition. Stale Supreme Since Napoleon. During the revolution of 1789 every scrap of church property was taken by the state and the entire priesthood driven out of the country. In 1801 Napoleon made a new concordat, by which he did not restore title to the property, but gave an allowance of $8,000,000 a year to the church and permitted it to use churches, rectories and other buildings. The republican motto, "Liberty, equality and fraternity," which the revolutionists put over the churches in token of owner ship, was never taken down and today still asserts the supremacy of the state. CIICKCH DRIVEN FROM HOME Talk of Religious War Dying, Al though Some Priests Threaten. PARIS, Dec. 12. The clergy of Paris issued a special appeal tonight to their parishoners to be present at the churches at the first mass celebrated outside the pale of the law. The gov ernment, however, purposes to proceed gently. These services will not be broken up, but policemen will be in attendance to note any infractions of the law and cite officiating priests or the assistants before the nearest jus tice of the peace. The chief danger of disorders In Paris Is believed to lie in the possible in vasion Of the churches by rowdies and free thinkers. Reserves of gendarmes will be stationed tomorrow at various points throughout the city to guard against trouble of this sort. Extremists in Small Minority. The efforts made by certain members of the Chamber of Deputies and other disinterested persons to secure a con tinuation of services in churches in spite of the papal veto, by Inducing Catholic laymen in each parish to make' the forbidden declaration, have not thus far met with much success. Up to a late hour tonight the church of St. John the Evangelist was the only church where legal application had been made. The Indications are against anything which might be dignified by the name of religious war, and the prompt ex pulsion from France yesterday of Mgr. Montagninl, secretary of the papal nun 1 ciature here since the recall of the nuncio, coupled with the threats to ex pel recalcitrant clergyman from France has a sobering influence. The militant Catholics are in a hopeless minority, and the masses are either Indifferent or, except in a few isolated Instances, inclined to side with the' government. Seven curates at Ternes, department of Cantal, have sent a letter to the local commissary of police declaring they will resist with their lives any profanation of the church by free thinkers, using to. this end every arm permissable for legitimate defense. ." Riot as Bishop Moves Out. There was a riotous demonstration at Xancy today while the bishop was moving out of his residence.- A crowd of 2000 accompanied the officials to the residence, hooting them constantly. The bishop will be prosecuted on the charge of assaulting a policeman, be cause he laid his hand upon the police man's shoulder while he was leaving his residence. Five thousand persons gathered to- 1 1 J ! Lloyd C. GrtM'om, Appointed Ambas sador to Italy. day In the cathedral in Rennes to listen to Arch bishop Duborg's exhortation to obedience to the Pope. There was an enthusiastic demonstration when the archbishop left the cathedral. So far as the church property is concerned the episcopal mansions, the rectories, the seminaries, etc. the pre lates of all ranks are prepared to accept the notices served upon them to move out tomorrow, after protesting and refusing- to sign documents of dis possession. It Is reported tonight that dozens of cultural or diocesan societies are in the course of formatiotuat the. last moment in various departments. AVILIj PUOTEST TO POWERS Vatican Preparing Xote Organ De nounces French Action. ROME, Dec. 12. Cardinal Merry del Val, the Papal Secretary of State, is preparing a rigorously worded protest against the action of the French gov ernment in searching the archives of the nunciature at Paris. This protest will be handed to the members of the diplomatic body accredited to the Vat ican. The Secretary of State set forth, among other things, that the incident in question is the first instance in his tory of such a violation of the rights of man. The Osservatore Romano has pub lished an article which wan composed at the Vatican. This article says: Violent and odious measures taken by the French povernment against MonBlsnor Mon tagninl, who was merely the guardian of the archives of the nunciature at Paris, consti tute a cause of exceptional Rravlty. It was impossible to foresee or conceive of such a measure. It will have its' echo in the con demnation and protest of Impartial people, not only in France, but in every other coun try. It reprpnts the last and most brutal step In a situation prepared by the gover ment of the French republic. Says France Wanted War. "When it waa Intended to leave the churches in France to the clerjry the French govern ment Imposed conditions which could not be accepted without an Indecorous surrender or the rlghta of the church. The French gov ernment wanted war. The fin shot fired, aa Premier Clemenceau calls it, shows that in justice, and absurdity are competing: together shamefully. The forcible entrance of the res idence of Monelgneur Montagninl, besides be ing: unjustified. Is aburd, and It la also an surd that the stronghold of the church should not have a guardian for the archives relating: to 30,000,0K Frenchmen. ' It Is true the pope appointed bishops without consulting the French government, accord In this matter being impossible, but the pontiff did not violate the concordat or renounce it. In any event, even admit ting that the regulations of the concordat had ceased to be operative, the situation did not authorize the violating of the Vatican archives, which contained documents of In terest to other states beside France. Pope's Rights Violated. The French government has refused to see In the pope a common father and con siders him only as a foroir maintain this foreign sovereign has the right that his house Khou.u nJt ho .la.u and his acchives and papers be not touched or searched by any one. When such an affront has been perpetrated, he has the right, without awaiting the Judgment of history, to denounce it before the tribunal of the civilized world as a gratuitous offense, an offense, however, which will bring more shame and harm to those who commit it than to those upon whom it is inflicted. The French government is grossly mistaken if it thinks with such procedure to Intim idate the French clergy or to break down the dutiful and legitimate resistance of the church. This rude offense to the supreme authority of the pontiff is but a new argu ment for him to continue bravely in the same path. There is a broad and far-reaching movement oh foot to express sympathy and loyalty to the Pope under the present circumstances, and expressions of such sentiments are being received from churchmen all over the world, from cardinals down to the humblest priests. Demonstrations in Home. In Rome the manifestations of sym pathy are not unanimous, for today the anti-clerical clubs raised flags aloft, to night their buildings were illuminated and they have issued manifestos to cele brate what they term the "triumph of civil liberty." Some anti-clerieals even attempted to placard the colonnades of St. (Concluded on Page 3.) T GROWTH OF L Root Speaks on Future Place of States. RESULT OF NEW CONDITIONS State Lines Obliterated by 'Nation's Needs. . STATES MUST RISE TO DUTY Secretary Says People Are Deter mined to Have Necessary Power Exercised If States Fail, They Will Give It to Nation. POWER NEW YORK. Dec. 12.Secretary of Statd Root was the guest of honor at the Sth. annual dinner of the Pennsylvania So ciety of New York, held tonight at tho Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. More than 500 members of the society were present Mr. Root responded to the toast, "Tho United States," and said: What Is to be the future ot the states of the Union under our dual system of consti tutional government? The conditions under which the clauses ot the constitution distri buting powers to the National and state gov ernment are now and henceforth to be ap plied are widely different from the conditions which were or could have been within tho contemplation of the framers of the constitu tion and widely different from tliose which, obtained during the early years of the Re public. Few of the men of 1787 would havs deemed it possible that the Union they were forming could be maintained anionic 85,O0t,0no people spread over the vaet expanw from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the lakes to the Gulf. Causes of Silent Revolution. Three principal causes have made this v slble. The first has been the growth of Na tional sentiment which was at first almost imperceptible, but which was kept constantly before the minds of the people by the early struggle of the Nation and which was sanc tioned and made enduring by the sacrifices of the Civil War; the second great influence has been the working of free trade among the states. To this we owe an Internal trade which already exceeds the entire foreign trade of the rest of the world, and to it we owe in. a high degree the constant drawing together of all parts of our country In the bonds of common Interest. The third great cause is the marvelous development of facilities for travel and communication, which have broken down the barriers between the separate com munities and led to a reorganization of busi ness and social life along lines which for the most part altogether Ignore -the boundaries of the states. Control Passing to Nation. Such changes in the life of the people cannot fall to produce corresponding politi cal changes. Some of these changes can be plainly seen now in progress. It is plain tn be seen that the people of the country are coming to the concluMion that in certain Im portant respects the local laws of the sepa rate states, which were adequate for the due and just regulation and control of the busi ness which was transacted and the activity which began and ended within the limits of the several states, are inadequate for th due and Just control of the huwineas and activities which extend through all the states, and more power of regulation and control Is gradually passing into the hands of the National Government. Sometimes by an assertion of the interstate commerce power, sometimes by the assertion of the taxing power, the National Government Is taking up the performance of duties which under the changed condition the separate states are no ion per capable of adequately performing. Tho Federal antl-truwt law, the an ti-rebate law, toe railroad rate law, the meat-inspection law, the oleomargarine law, the pure-food law are exampjs of the pur pose of tho people of the 'United States to do through the agency of the National Gov ernment the thing which separate state governments formerly did adequately but no longer do adequately. Process Will Continue. The end is not yet. The process that in terweaves the life and action of the people in every section of our country with the people in 'every other section continues and will continue with increasing force and ef fect; we are urging forward In a develop ment of business and social life which tend more and more to the obliteration of state lines and the decrease of state power aa compared with National power; the rela tions of the business over wnlch the Federal Government is assuming control, of lntr Htate transportation with Hlate transporta tion, of interstate commerce with state commerce, are so Intimate, the separation of the two is so Impracticable that the ten dency is plainly toward the practical control of the National Government over both. New projects of National control are mooted. Control of insurance, uniform di vorce laws, child labor laws and many others affecting matters formerly entirely within the cognizance of the state are proposed. States Must Awaken to Duty. I submit to your judgment and I desire tef impress upon you the earnestness I feel that there is but one way in whtch the states of the Union can maintain their power and authority under the conditions which are now before us. and that way is by an awakening on the part of the states to the real question, of their own duties to the country at large. Under conditions which now exist no state can live unto Itself alone and regulate its affairs with ole reference to its own treas ury, lt own convenience, its own special in terest. Kvery state Is bound to frame its own legislation and its own administration with reference not only to its own special affairs, but with reference to the effect upor all its sister states. Every individual is bound to regulate his conduct with some reference to its effect upon his neighbors, and the more populous the community and the closer the Individuals are brought together, the greater becomes the necessity which constrains and limits Individual conduct. People Want Effective Laws. It is useless for the advocates of state rights to inveigh against the supremacy of the constitutional laws of the United State or against the extension of national authority in the fields of control where the states them selves fail In the performance of their duty. The instinct for self-government among the people of the United States Is too strong to permit them long to respect any one's rlnht to exercise a power which he falls to exercise The government by National control which) they .deem Just and necessary they will have. It may be that such control could be better (Concluded on Page 8.)