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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (May 29, 1906)
PORTLAND, OREGON, TUESDAY. MAY 29, 1906. PRICE FIVE CENTS. VOL. XLVI.-XO. 14,187. S SH1P0FFT0 HISAID Another Change in the Cabinet Impending. DOUMA IGNORES PRESENT ONE Ministers Work on Bill to Give Peasants Land. DEMAND FOR REVOLUTION Ixroer House Continues Work on Personal Liberty Bill and Scorns Minister's Overtures Radi cals Eager for Fight. ST. PETERSBURG, May 28. Rumors of a shift In the Ministry are everywhere current tonight. It Is persistently re ported here and at Moscow that ex-Finance Minister ShlpofC has received an urgent summons to Peterhof to confer with Emperor Nicholas, presumably with regard to the formation of a new Cab inet, although he has frequently ex pressed his unwillingness to take over the Premiership. A dispatch from Mos cow to the Associated Press reports that M. Shipoff left that city late today for St. Petersburg, but that it was impos sible to ascertain whether his coming is or is not In response to an Imperial com mand. It Is possible that M. Shlpoft's only errand is to attend the session of the Council of the Empire tomorrow, but the present situation is so plainly impos sible that a shift Is not at all Improb able. It Is also rumored that Prince Uru soff has been summoned to an audience with the Emperor. Cabinet Doing Useless Work. In the meanwhile the present Ministry, among whom there is no Daniel to read the handwriting on the wall In the at titude of the lower house of Parliament, Is ca'mly going ahead with its agrarian prob,..r.., which it hopes' to submit to the lower house within a fortnight, and, contrary to expectation', to provide for the distribution of millions of acres of crown lands in European Russia. All this seems to be labor lost, as In the present temper of Parliament, which has taken the bit in Its teeth, no proposition from the Government, however liberal, as shown by its reception today of the speech of Minister of Justice Chtcheglov itoff. Is apt to receive the slightest consideration. - Gratify Peasants' Land-Hunger. The government's policy, which the As sociated Press is authorized to announce. Is founded on the expectation that enough land can be obtained by the division of the crown lands, the clearing of a por tion of the imperial forests and the vol untary sale of private estates to meet the land hunger of the peasants without the necessity of forced expropriation. Outlining these plans, Minister of Agri culture Stlchinsky said this evening that the Government already had at its dis posal 25.000.000 acres, composed of 10.000, 000 acres of crown arable land situated largely in the Volga region; 6,250.000 acres of clea'rable forests, and 8.750.000 acres of private estates, the owners of which have announced their readiness to sell. With out doubt thousands of other landowners will be only too anxious to dispose of their holdings at reasonable prices. These lands will be sold to peasants on time through the Peasants' Bank, the payments not commencing for several years. Improve Methods of Farming. The programme, in addition to coloniza tion of Siberia and Central Asia, contem plates the improvement of the agricultural methods of the peasantry, which are primitive and unproductive In. the ex treme, and bringing the peasants, whose sregarlousness leads to their gathering in villages and even in towns of a population as high as 30,000, nearer to their lands. The optional abolition of the communal system by authorizing peasants who de sire to do so to distribute their holdings in fee simple also Is contemplated. This, with the abolition of all further payments for land, under which the peasants have been groaning since 1861, will make possi ble reasonable prosperity of the people. Ignores Vote of House. AVith regard to the resolution on lack of confidence, M. Stechlnsky said the Cabinet was standing on constitutional grounds when it considered that the House, In adopting such resolutions, had gone beyond Its prerogatives and that the resolution, therefore, was not of the slightest binding: force. The Cabinet would not take notice of the vote. ' It mUfet not be forgotten, however, that the government is actually bicephalous, the Cabinet being one head and the Em peror the other. A rude awakening from the Ministry's dream of possession is possible. An omen of the change of times Is given in the acquittal of Professor Paul M. Mllukoff. M. Pessen and M. Korolenko, the writers, against whom prosecutions for press offenses have been pending for two months, excluding the two first named from membership in the lower house of Parliament. Radicals Demand Revolution. AUadln Michaellnho and other radical (nembers of the House have been flooded with telegrams from Social Democratic SUMMON organizations demanding that the House adopt an offensive programme, transform itself into a constituent assembly, seize the reins of power and address a mani festo to the troops calling upon them to transfer their allegiance from the Em peror to the people's representatives. SCORXS MINISTER'S OFFER. Parliament Wants Full Personal Liberty and Equality. ST. PETERSBURG, May 28. There was no direct echo at today's ses sion of the lower house of Parlia ment of the decisive struggle which opened last Saturday, but in anticipation of a sensational sequel a crowd of con siderable size gathered outside the Taurlde Palace. There was much excitement in the corridors before the House met. An officer identified as a Colonel on the gen eral staff created, a stir by openly de claring in the presence of a score of peasant members that the time had come when the army should support, not the Emperor, but Parliament, which repre sented the will of the people. At the opening of the session some amusement was .caused by the reading of a communication from the Minister of the Interior, asking for a credit of $24,500 for the reconstruction of the orangerie and laundry of Dorpat University. An other communication transmitted was a project to grant general authority to open private schools. A member from Poltava proposed that the House Interpellate the Minister of the Interior to ascertain why two teach ers arrested four months ago had not been tried or confronted with the charges brought against them. A petition signed by 78 members pro posed the appointment of a parliamentary commission to investigate the abuse of power on the part of the administration. The debato on the personal liberty bill was then resumed. The feature was a speech made by M. Chtcheglovitoff, Min ister of Justice, who in an exceedingly liberal tone pointed out the necessity for supplementing the' proposed laws, which he indorsed, with bills providing for the reorganization of court procedure and others to enable officials guilty of abuse of power to be , prosecuted civilly and criminally. The Minister's speech created much comment, especially as the government distinctly repudiated all re sponsibility for the Minister's conciliatory remarks on Saturday, and in view of the fact that it was rumored that he would be dismissed. The outcome of the Minister's concilia tory remarks was to show how great is the gulf between Parliament and the Min istry, the speakers who followed him scorning his advances, and declaring amid applause that Parliament wanted, instead of the responsibility of the judges, the responsibility of the Ministers. The personal liberty bill was then re ferred to a committee. The President read a bill, supported by 111 members, for general reform of the exceptional laws on the basis that all citizens of both sexes, without distinction as to nationality or religion, are equal in the eyes of the law. The deputies loudly cheered the reading of the bill. It was determined to Interpellate the Minister of the Interior regarding the famine, asking if the government intend ed to continue to combat the distress and if .it was aware that local administrations were thwarting the activity of private persons desirous of helping the. stricken population. The agrarian question then came up. After various proposals, the House ad journed until tomorrow, when debate will be resumed. Two plans for extricating the gov ernment without meeting the direct is sue are suggested by the Emperor's moderate advisers. One Is simply to allow the Lower House to talk until the end of June, when the Summer vacation will be scheduled. The other Is to dissolve Parliament and order a new election. But either course. In the opinion of the beBt judges of the sit uation, will only increase the danger of an explosion In the country. The peasantry, whose hopes are centered in Parliament, undoubtedly will be pro foundly stirred by the Government's refusal to distribute the crown and church lands and recognize the prin ciple of the expropriation of private holdings, and many people expect to see the destruction of their hopes fol lowed by an immediate uprising of the pensants against the nobles. The correspondent 'of the Associated Press lias talked with a number of landlords from various parts of the country, who declare that the peasants are fanatically attached to Parliament and that between the dictum of the Emperor and of Parliament they will obey the authority of the latter. The revolutionary leaders and the prole tariat organizations- of the city are sure to profit by th deadlock, as a terroristic campaign is already in full swing. TELLS DEPUTIES TO BE FIRM Great Meeting Pledges Support of Nation to Parliament. VLADIKAVKAZ, Trans Caucasus, May 28. A great meeting was held here today to protest against the re fusal of the government to satisfy the demands of Parliament. Telegrams were sent to the representatives of Vladikavkaz in Parliament instructing them to stand firm and to shed the last drop of their blood to maintain their rights, and assuring them that the whole country will sustain them. Odessa Policeman Shot Dead. ODESSA. May 28. An agent of the se cret police was shot dead in the main street here today. The assassin escaped. There Is Increasing public apprehension as a result of the activity of the Terror ists, the purpose of whose campaign is believed to be to compel the granting of amnesty. The strike In the harbor continues. Sev enteen Russian steamships are unable to depart. Czar May Visit Copenhagen. LONDON. May 29. The correspond ent at Copenhagen of the Tribune says It Is stated there that Emperor Nicho las of Russia will visit the Danish court in August. Work of Sevastopol Bomb. SEVASTOPOL May 28. Official de tails of the bomb outrage on Sunday show that six persons were killed and 14 seriously and 40 slightly injured. COCKNEY KID GS '5 Dramatic Scene After Confes sion of Brutal Assault on Rainier Lawyer. VICTIM TAKES THE STAND Thug Says He AVas Hired by Saloon men and That the Marshal Would Not Interfere ' With Him. THE ASSAl'LT ON FISCHER. On the afternoon of May 3, W. C. . Fischer, a prominent attorney of Rainier, while walking In an unfre quentad street In his home town, was truck from behind and felled to the ground. His assailant then struck him repeatedly In the face and on the head. Joe Brough, a bartender, who was a short distance away at the time of the assault, came up to the stricken man and, observing his condition, has tened uptown and swore out a war rant for Fischer's arrest on a charg. of using profane language. ThiB case was tried a day or two since and dismissed. Fischer has been ve-.-y aotlve in his endeavor to force the Rainier saloon men to observe the law, and It was charged, after confession by the "Cockney Kid," who was captured soon after the assault, that a con spiracy had been formed by the Rainier saloonmen and the thug hired to beat the attorney. - ST. HELENS, Or., May 28. (Special.) vVThen the "Cockney Kid" stepped from the witness stand today, after testify ing to his attack, upon "W. C. Fischer, at Rainier, May 8, and Implicating A. D. Pierce, B. C. Wilson and Joe Brough, Rainier saloonmen, in the assault, he marched over to where Fischer sat and Frankly apologized for the wrong he had done him. Fischer hesitated only a moment. He grasped the outstretched hand of the "Cockney Kid'' and wrung it heartily. . The "Cockney ' Kid," James E. Rem ington, Is a curious mixture "of strength and weakness; a thug who follows his Impulses as blindly as a beast of the Held, yet he is not without his concep tion of honor! Whimpering part of the time, bragging always, forgetting him self In his rage at the part ne was made to play by the other defendants and from the witness stand calling At torney Mendenhall a dog, the Kid put a good deal of bluster Into his testimony. "I did it," he declared. "I beat him up and I would have taken the blame and gone to Jail like a man if they had treated me square. Pierce sent word I could stay In jail and he tore up a letter 1 sent him the minute he got It, I did not tell on my pals for eight days, because I thought I had white men behind me." Questions Arouse the Kid's Anger. Upon severe cross-examination by counsel for his alleged confederates in .A5rs"N0NYMOOV JACrV WHO IT Ifc. I F SCHER PARDON the assault, the Kid arose from his chair and .with clenched fist threatened his Inquisitor. He then dramatically urged Judge McBride to put him back in his cell, for he would tell no more. He soon quieted down and the exam ination continued. The witness' story was a reiteration of his confession, with the added state ment that Pierce told him the Rainier Marshal had been fixed and would not be in the way when the assault was committed. He coolly carried out the beating up of Fischer and related all details. After felling his victim, care ful of injuring him, the. Kid removed Fischer's glasses before striking him a second time. The Kid told of his acquaintance with Blanche O'Neill, who occupies room 26. Van Noy Hotel, North Third street, Portland, and she wrote him to lay the blame on those who Incited him to the assault. The witness said Pierce was the one who induced him to beat up Fischer, and promised to pay him J50 or $100, but he said all he got was J13 altogether. Both Wilson and Brough were in the plot he said. Saloon Men Deny Everything. Pierce, Wilson and Brough were put on the stand by the defense, and their testimony amounted to a complete de nial of the charges of the prizefighter, who assaulted Fischer. Each disclaimed any connection with a plot to harm Fischer or any overture to the "Cock ney' Kid" to come to Rainier to beat up any one. Fischer told the story of the assault upon him and Jessie Davis, an inmate of a Rainier house of ill repute, said the "Cockney Kid" told her upon a visit to the house that he was going to beat up an attorney of the town. The theory of the defense was that Alvin Miles, a gambler, who was hired by Pierce to take the Kid to Kelso In a boat immediately after the assault, was behind the attack upon Fischer, as gambling bad been stopped In Rainier some months ago, presumably through the efforts of the reform element. Miles testified he was paid by Pierce to get the Kid away immediately after the beating of Fischer, which he did. Ho also gave the Kid $10, which he said Pierce gave him for Fischer's assailant. The testimony In the case was fin ished late last night and District At torney Harrison Allen will begin his argument tomorrow morning. The case will probably be In the hands of the Jury by noon Tuesday. TOBf KISS THE PREACHER KANSAS CITY GIRLS MAKE PORT LAND PASTOR BLUSH. Overjoyed at Visit of Rev. E. Nelson Allen, ' They Hug Him Be fore Whole Congress ation. , KANSAS CITY, May 28. (Special.) Overcome with joy at seeing again their former beloved paster, two young women rushed forward at the close of the morn ing service in the First Cumberland Pres byterian Church, threw their arms around Rev. E. Nelson Allen, of Portland, Or., who occupied the pulpit, and vigorously kissed him. The preacher blushed, the congregation gasped and It. was some minutes before the regular order of business was re sumed. Rev. Mr. Allen was formerly pastor of the church, and was here on a visit to his old congregation. It was when at the end of the sermon he stepped down from the pulpit to shake hands with his friends that the girls found the opportu nity to give him their unique and sensa tional welcome. THE MAN BEHIND THE BIG PLUTOCRATIC GUN: ; ' ; ft GIVES 1,00(1 FOR CHEAP TITLE Magee Family of Pittsburg Buys Austrian Baron for Cash. TO GET INTO ITALIAN COURT Supposed " Love Story Degenerates Into Cold-Blooded Question of Finance Baron Forced to Reduce His Price. PITTSBURG, Pa., May 28. (Special.) Pittsburg society is at present busy dis cussing the sensational tale leaking out today that the Baron Reidl von Reid enau, member of the Austrian Embassy at Rome, who will on June 6 marry Miss Margaret Louise Magee, daughter of the late C. L. Magee. of Pittsburg, has de manded that he be paid in cold cash for the transfer of his title into the Pitts burg family and that he has been paid $100,000. . The sum at first demanded was 5350. 000, or one-fourth the amount demanded by the Earl of Yarmouth before he would go on with his wedding to Miss Thaw. The Baron, however, was shown quickly that nothing like $250,000 Could be got. and he at last consented to accept $100,000. This at 'least Is the story which Pitts burgers are discussing tonight, and the Baron is being carefully kept out of the way of Inquisitive persons by frierids of the Magee family. Will Be Paid by Boss's Widow. The $100,000 will be paid almost entirely by Mrs. C. L. Magee, widow of the late State Senator C. L. Magee, Republican boss of Pittsburg, who for some years has made her home In Rome and who has been very desirous of appearing In the court circle at the Italian capital. It was Mrs. Magee who made the match after she had hurried the girl away from Pittsburg when she had been engaged to Richard Jennings, and. having made the new match, the ambitious widow of the late famous Pennsylvania state politi cian Is willing to pay for the music. Miss Magee, who was left something like $1,000,000 by the will of the late Sen ator, has spent the greater part of this, but the- remnant she has according to her friends, given gladly in order that the title of Baroness be given her. The bal ance, which will be over $95,000, will be made up by Mrs. Magee. Terms Are C. O. D. In Pittsburg. The story of this deal in finance by the Baron, who is a member of the Austrian nobility, as chilled the moneyed people of Pittsburg, who had been led to believe that a real love story had been told, and the groom to be Is not in as high favor as he had been led to believe would be the case. One close to the Magee family this evening stated that the Baron has de clined to leave Rome for Pittsburg until assured that he would be handed the money on his arrival here. He was as sured that the money would be handed him on his arrival, and such was the case, according to social Pittsburg tonight. What seems an Interesting feature of WHO IS HE? ; the alleged hold-up of the Magee family by the Austrian Baron is that Mrs. Magee was one of the many who protested loudly when Mrs. William Thaw paid $1,000,000 in the shadow of the altar on demand of the Earl of Yarmouth rather than have the wedding of her daughter called off. Mrs. Magee said openly that, had she been In the place of Mrs. Thaw, she would have chased the penniless Earl back to Europe. WANT OFFICIALS REMOVED Denver People Open Attack on Friends of Corporations. DENVER, May 28. In the Criminal Court today District Attorney Stldger, Sheriff Nlsbet and Coroner Rollins made answer to the application of the Honest Election League that they be set aside and unprejudiced men appointed In their places to conduct a grand jury investiga tion into the election in this city on May 15. The answer enters a general denial of the league's charges against the three officers. Lucius Hoyt. for the Honest Elections League, offered affidavits to prove that Mr. Stldger had failed to prosecute at least nine election cases which have been pending in his office for two years. He also charged that Mr. Stldger is not act ing in good faith. Judge Mullins set the matter down for hearing May 31. In the Supreme Court today District Judge Frank T. Johnson filed an answer to the writ of prohibition Issued against him a week ago by whloh he was pre vented from continuing an investigation into the election. The Supreme Court asked for printed briefs and gave the at torneys until June 9 to file the briefs. FINDS NEW YORK LIFE SAFE Expert Committee Reports Funds ' Exceed Company's Claims. NEW YORK, May 28. The report of the expert accountants who have been ex amining the New York Life Insurance Company under direction of the Fowler investigating committee was handed to the board of trustees today. It stated that on December SL 1906, the New York fcife had a balance available for dividends on participating policies of $54,047,176 and that -this balance exceeds that claimed by the company In its annual report for 1905. "We find," say the accountants, "that on December 31, 1905, the total assets amounted to $438,788,015, and are fully worth that sum. "The general administration is well or ganized, its management is sound, its methods and system of collecting pre miums are effective and economical, and its books and its records are well and ac curately kept. The insurance reserve to tal amounts to $379,151,064, and current liabilities amount to $5,589,775." The Fowler committee said it would re serve any comment It has to make upon this report, and that its own final report will be -me l at the next meeting of the board of trustees. ' Alexander Sails for Europe. NEW YORK. May 28.J., W. Alexander, ex-president of the Equitable Life Assur ance Society, recently sailed from Boston fori a Mediterranean port, when he will proceed to Munich. He is accompanied by a personal attendant and his health Is improved. CONTENTS TODAY'S PAPER The Weather. YESTERDAY'S Maximum temperature. 70 deg.; minimum, 62. Precipitation, trace. TODAY'S Showers. South to west wind. Russia. Probable change of Cabinet, Shipoff to be Premier. Page 1. Cabinet prepares land bill. Page 1. Parliament discusses personal liberty bill and scorns conciliation with ministers. Page 1. Foreign. Spanish Parliament presents address to Princess Ena. Page 3. Proposed visit of King Edward to America. Page 5. Michael Davitt at point of death. Page 5. Revolution In Guatemala aided by other re publics. Page 3. National. Bill for publicity of campaign funds re ported to House. Page 4. Senate debates purchase of canal supplies. Pag 2. Supreme Court again decides Philippine tar iff case against Government. Page 5. Violent attack on tobacco trust. Page 4. Exposure of packers methods In selling bad meat. Page 1. Federal Supreme Court summons Tennessee lynchers for contempt Page 5. Domestic. Hermann's trial may be delayed till Octo ber. Page 4. Nine persons killed In train wreck at Louis ville. Page 4. Floods drown five persons tn Nevada and ao great damage in Colorado. Page 0. Suit against Canfleld results in partial rev- elation. Page 3. Kansas City girl kiss Portland preacher. Page 1. Austrian Bafon paid to marry Pittsburg glrL Page 1. Mayor Schmlts thanks Roosevelt for aid to San Francisco. Page 4. Pacific Coast. In courtroom at St. Helena the "Cockney Kid" begs Attorney Fischer's pardon. Page 1. Habeas corpus appeal will probably delay trial of Federation officials In Idaho. Pago 6 Northern Pacific secures injunction against the O. R. ft N. on nor,th bank of Snake, Page 6. Los Angeles would-be suicide writes confes sion of murder after shooting himself. Page 6. Judge McBride condemns the in corporation of small communities. Page 7. Sport. Portland defeats Los Angeles B to Page 7. Oregon track team leaves for Seattle to par ticipate In the tri-state meet. Page 7. McGovern and Brltt fight In New York and are arrested. Page 7. Governor sends police to prevent Burns FlUiimmom fight. Page 7. ' Commercial and Marine. Condition of hop crops of world. Page 15. Wheat fluctuates at Chicago on weather news. Page 15. Stock trading very dull. Page 15. Steamer Elder to be repaired here. Page 11. Portland and Vicinity. Open meeting on franchises recommends to Council subsidiary agreement with United Railways for franchise on any part of its line. Page 14. Betting odds favor Wlthycombe two to one. Page lO. Husband, wife and daughter will be tried for assaulting woman who objected to nearness of saloon to school. Page 1L Orpheum will take over Baker Theater and add it to Its circuit. Page 14. Greek Letter Societies not prohibited, but their charters must be removed from High School building. Page 10. DISEASED MEAT SOLD IN CHICAGO President Has Evidence Against Packers. , THEY TRY TO BUY SECRECY Meat Condemned for Export Good Enough for. Us. DEMAND FOR PUBLICITY Sinclair Wants Nelll and Reynolds Keport Published, and Demo crats Are Hungry for It aa Campaign Thunder. WASHINGTON, May 28. (Special.) Meat condemned on the hoof as unfit for exportation is retailed In Chicago and consumed there by the unsuspecting pub lic. This 1s one of the most sensational features of the report which Commissioner of Labor Nelll and Mr. Reynolds, a New York philanthropist, have made to the President of their observations of- the packing; Industry. They assert that meat from condemned livestock denied Inter state and foreign transportation, because the Government inspectors have pro nounced it unwholesome. Is carted about Chicago, and, because of the negligence of the health officials there. Is sold openly for human food. To meet this condition, the President Insists that the health of the people shall be guarded, and not only those living; In Chicago, but also those living In the neighborhood of packing establishments located elsewhere be protected from such practices by requiring- In the Beveridge bill that the Government inspectors shall personally supervise the destruction of such unwholesome food. Democrats Want Report. All day long there was momentary ex pectation In both the Senate and House that some member would Introduce a res olution calling upon the President for the report. Several Democratic Congressmen came to the Capitol this morning with the Intention of framing such a resolu tion, but when they ascertained that there is no such document as a Nelll-Reynolds written report they desisted. They deter mined not to place themselves in a posi tion where the President could squash them by replying to Congress that the In vestigation has not been completed. Late this afternoon there were several conferences among the leading Demo crats to consider the political advantage to be gained by forcing the President to admit publicly that there Is no such thing as a Neill-Reynolds report. The opinion prevailed among them that It would be a good stroke for the Demo cratic party could the President be placed in the attitude of seriously Injuring a great industry by demanding legislation upon a report which does not exist. President Has the Facts. The President is well fortified with In formation concerning the packing Indus try. Prior to the Nelll-Reynolda Investi gation a thorough Inquiry was made by the Bureau of Animal Industry of the Agricultural Department under instruc tions Issued by the President after his attention had been called to Sinclair's book, "The Jungle." This report, while showing that many of the charges con tained In the book were well founded, was not entirely satisfactory to the Presi dent, and he asked Mr. Nelll and Mr. Reynolds, a New York philanthropist who is much Interested in the movement for more sanitary bousing of the poor, to look into the situation. They made a search ing investigation, and the President baa received from them orally and in the form of memoranda a statement of the conditions they found existing. They confine themselves In their conclusions largely to the sanitary questions arising. Publicity the Only Cure. In the opinion of 13 p ton Sinclair, author of "The Jungle," the only result to be ex pected from the Beverldge bill Is that diseased meat will be retained for con sumption In the states where it Is killed by the Beef Trust and not shipped Into other states. Mr. Sinclair Insists that, in order to obtain the real reform, the reve lation made in the report of the two com missioners appointed by President Roose velt should be submitted to Congress and spread upon the records so that every possible detail may be made public "There are some things discovered by the commissioners that are too horri ble to print," said Mr. Sinclair today, "but nothing should be withheld from Congress. Graft would be exposed on every side. One thing Is certain, that the President's commissioners would listen to nothing but legal evidence and that ' whatever they report as a fact may readily be established. They rejected hearsay and did. not Include In their report many matters Which they learned." . Bribes to Bay Silence. Mr. Sinclair confirmed today that Mr. Neill and Mr. Reynolds, the President's Investigators, had been approached by a representative of the packers on the day they left Chicago and that they had been told that. If they would elim inate from the report the damaging facts they had obtained, the packers XConoluded oa Pag 4.). 1