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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (June 9, 1903)
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, TUESDAY,' jflJNE 9, 1903. Catered at the Postofflce at Portland, Oregon, as second-class matter. REVISED SUBSCRIPTION RATES. By Mall (postage prepaid, la advance) Dally, with Sunday, per month .-t0.85 Dally, Sunday excepted, per year Dally, with Sunday, per year .w Sunday, per year xoo The Weekly, per year The Weekly. 3 months..... 0O To City Subscribers Dally, per week, delivered. Sunday excepted.ISc Day. per week, delivered. Sunday lncluded.20c POSTAGE RATES. United States, Canada and Mexico 10 to 14-page paper .-ic 16 to 30-page paper . . - 82 to 4i-pago paper - 3C Foreign rates double. News or dlfccusslon Intended for publication In The Oregonlan should be addressed Invaria bly "Editor The Oregonlan," not to tbe name of any Individual. Letters relating to adver tising, subscription, or to any business matter should be addressed simply "The Oregonlan." Eastern Business Office, 43, 44, 45. 47. 43, 4& Tribune building. New Tork City; 010-11-12 Tribune building. Chicago; the S. C. Beckwlth Special Agency, Eastern representative. For sale In San Francisco by L. E. Lee, Pal ace Hotel news stand; Goldsmith Bros.. 236 Sutter street; F. W. Pitts. 1008 Market street; J. K. Cooper Co.. 746 Market street, near the Palace Hotel; Foster & Orear, Ferry news stand; Frank Scott. SO Ellis street, and N. Wheatley, S13 Mission street. For eale In Los Angeles by B. F. Gardner. 250 South Spring street, and Oliver & Haines, COS South Spring street. For sale In Kansas City, Mo., by Rlcksecker Cigar Co., Ninth and Walnut streets. For sale In Chicago by the P. O. News Co., 217 Dearborn street, and Charles MacDonald. 63 Washington street For sale In Omaha by Barkalow Bros.. 1612 Fan: am street; Megeath Stationery Co.. 130S Farnam street. For sale In Ogden by W. G. Kind. 114 25th street; Jas. H. Crockwell. 242 25th street. For sale In Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News Co., 77 West Second South street. For sale In Washington, D. C, by the Ebbett House new stand. For sale In Denver, Colo., by Hamilton & Kendrick. SOC-612 Seventeenth street; Louthan & Jackson Book &, Stationery Co.. Fifteenth and Lawrence streets; A. Series. Sixteenth and Curtis streets. TODAT'S WEATHER Partly cloudy and cooler. Westerly winds. YESTERDAY'S WEATHER Maximum tem perature, 05 deg.; minimum temperature, 00 deg. Hourly temperature readings: G A. M.. 61 deg.; 7 A. M.. CG deg.; 8 A. M.. 73 deg.; 0 A M., 77 deg.; 10 A. M.. 70 deg.; 11 A. M.. 83 deg.; 12 noon. SC deg.; 1 P. M., 89 deg.; 2 P, M.. 00 deg.; 3 P. M.. 02 deg.; 4 P. M.. 05 deg.; 6 P. M., 93 deg.; C P. M.. 87 deg. No precipitation. PORTLAND, TUESDAY, JUNE O, 1003. THE PROBLEM AXD THE DUTY. The New York "World, in an article on "Democratic Ideals," says: To hold some wretched, far-away Islands by military brutn force Is undemocratic, since the peoplo there. If not equal American citizens. can only be serfs or slaves, and If government "derives Its Just powers from the consent of the governed," we can only hold them against their will by strain and stretch of the Consti tution and In violation of the Declaration of Independence. In statements of this kind the notable feature is the tone of political cant. "We have not, nor are we to have, any "serfs and slaves." On the contrary, the Inhabitants of those "wretched islands" have larger liberty and better government, under the authority of the "United States, than they ever could achieve or maintain for themselves. Again, the tone of cant appears in the effort to force the Declaration of Inde pendence Into a service wholly foreign to it. Our Declaration was proclaimed as a revolutionary doctrine. It is not a National doctrine. No nation could hold together upon it. Only let it be understood in any country that "mili tary brute force" is not to be employed against those who may dispute the na tional will, and that nation will find it self not a day's march from its grave. In the very nature of things, every nation must seek to maintain and to extend its power; that is, to extend the area of Its Influence and dominion. Especially, it cannot back out of posi tions such as that into which the course of events has thrust us in our islands And as to the islands, we are getting their consent. we are compelling it. just as we compelled aforetime the consent of certain of our states. It will come easy, as they accustom themselves to obey. Opposition has practically ceased in the Islands, and the people are not "slaves;" either. If there is to be a nation, a lot of people must at one time and another be made to "yield to military brute force" and be "held against their will." Our country is as. fit and Able as any other to maintain lis sovereignty, and a beneficent sovereignty too, over out side possessions; or, if not,' it must qualify itself for that work, or confess its inability to meet the problems and requirements of na tional life in. the modern world. Word-mongering comes to nothing In such a matter, and in such a matter nothing comes of word-mongerlng. "We have the problem and the duty, and we must meet the one and the other. It would be as contrary to our National interests to quit the Philippine Islands as it would have been for Great Brit aln to withdraw from South Africa; and one of these things is just as likely or possible as the other. "WILL NOT DOWN. And still the flies drop Into the oint ment. Now it Is the weather that is taking a hand in landing a few body- blows on "poor old Portland." "With the mercury hovering well above the nineties, the snow-clad mountains are sloughing off their "Winter robes, the torrents are sweeping down on Port land, and high water promises to aid the strikers, the poor crop outlook, the railroads and other unfavorable factors in setting us back a few notches. And yet we seem to rally. Force of clrcum stances at times compels us to hang murderers on unfair scaffolds and en tertaln Presidents on unfair platforms, but we hang the former and entertain the latter. Just the same. The energy of the walking delegate and the mo nopolistlc tendencies of the sawmill men have prevented some of us from escaping from the clutches of avaricious and nonlmproving landlords into our own homes, which for the present re main unbuilt. But there are others, and their number is sufficient to make & better showing in the building line than has ever before been witnessed in Portland. Mr. Harriman ran out of rails or nerve before he completed his railroad system in the Pacific Northwest, and we are for the present shut out of the Clearwater, the Big Bend, Central Ore gon, the "Wallowa country and a few other rich districts where people would 'like to trade with us. Even this is not the final crimp in our commercial pres tige, for we are selling more goods and handling more produce than ever be fore, and Mr. Harriman's hired men are kept on the jump to supply cars for taking care of .all of the Portland freight that la offered his road. The hostility of Mr. James' J. Hill, one of the .greatest railroad men the world ever saw. Is not a pleasure to Portland- ers, but whenever he fails to fill one of his Oriental steamers sailing from Se attle he is forced to call on Portland for freight, and our merchauts are, in the language of the street, "there with the goods" every time. "We are told that capital becomes timid and goes into hiding whenever labor troubles appear, but in spite of the strike there is no apparent limit to the amount of money available for the big three, four, five and six-story brick buildings which are in course of con struction all over the city. Bank clear ings, an infallible commercial barom eter, were for the week ending last Saturday ?600,000 greater than in any corresponding week in the history of the city, and the strike was still on. high water was coming, and Harriman and Hill were both pulling everything possible from Portland to their respect ive headquarters north and south. As a matter of fact, Portland is in much better shape commercially and finan cially than a great many people give us credit for being. Too much "knock ing" is Indulged in. The strikers some times "knock," but the "knockers" never strike they keep right on work ing overtime and nights and Sundays. This practical and incontrovertible evidence of solidity and progress under adverse circumstances is only addi tional testimony to. the good Judgment of the men who have stood by Portland; through good limes and bad. There will be other strikes as long as the walking delegate walks, other floods as long as Summer suns beat fierce on Winter snows. Other railroad men will wrangle over the possession of disputed territory, just as they are now doing, but nothing but a return to the age of miracles will ever seriously Interfere with the growth of Portland, so long as she sits where rail meets sail and steamer at the gate of an empire. IT IS UNCERTAINTY THAT KILLS. Mr. Darrow may be a good lawyer, but the things he does not know about organized labor would fill a large vol ume. The man who talks about labor going Into politics is a very unsafe guide for worklngmen, or trusts either. The day when the classes are arrayed at the polls against the masses will not be healthy for lawyers, or any one else. "Whoever counsels united political ac tion on the part of any group of work ers lays himself under the suspicion of planning to run for office,. Political ac tion should be based on political be liefs, and not on class prejudices or class interests. "We can give the "unions a piece of advice that is worth more to them than all the fine theories of dreamers. It is this: Stick to your contracts. There is no road so direct to popular esteem and business co-operation as fidelity of unions to agreements. There is no way so effective to array the whole com munity against labor as for it to treat its promises with discredit and leave the business in which it operates in sus pense. In foreign trade we can get along comfortably under almost any kind of tariff, so we know what it is to be. Germany prospers under protection. and Great Britain under free trade. Business can adjust itself to almost any untoward condition, so that the ad justment is permanent and not sus ceptible to constant readjustment. It is so in finance. Every country has Its own system. Each is full of faults, as every careful thinker can see; but busi ness prospers under it, because it adapts itself to certain well-known and steady requirements. The merit of the gold standard Is in its stability; and the silver countries could get along first rate with their silver standards if only silver would remain stationary. The misery of debased currencies Is In their fluctuations. It is uncertainty that kills in tariff; it is uncertainty Hhat kills in finance. It is Just so with labor. It is a mat ter of very little consequence whether a boss carpenter pays $3 or $3.50 a day. He will bid that much higher or lower on a job, and the owner will pay it. Then, as Mr. Darrow showed in his ar ticle, printed yesterday, the owner raises rents and the carpenter finds himself just where he was before. Mr. Chamberlain, for example, proposes to defend his protective duty scheme to the workingmen on the ground that wages will soon rise In proportion to the increased cost of living. In the long run these things equalize themselves, like the water In a pond. But the one thing business can't stand is uncertainty. A man must know when he figures on a house what his labor is going to cost him. He can ad just everything to - the wages if he knows in time; but if he doesn't know in time he can't. He can't be bothered having to raise wages two or three times to different sets of mechanics be fore he is through with the building. And he won't. He will hesitate to take contracts, and owners will hesi tate to build. Experience is unanimous on this score. "Where are the unions that live in peace with their employers and in comfort as to their wages? They are in the trades that have learned through bitter tribulation that It pays to keep your word. The union that makes a three years' contract and lives up to it to the letter never has any trouble. Master and men alike know what to figure on, and they go ahead accord ingly with confidence and cheer. Here is the one safe and sure path for organized labor to the confidence and co-operation of organized capital. There are a very few tyrants among employers, just as there are a few im beciles among labor leaders. But the mass of employers want profits more than they want the pound of flesh. Just as the mass of worklngmen want to work Instead of loaf- The average and the dominating employer desires most of all stable conditions under which to operate his business, and he will wel come an arrangement under which he can contract for his labor for a year or more at certain specific figures and know he can depend on them. The sooner such agreements can become the rule In every field of labor, the better; and one good effect of the new and popular employers' associations will be to promote that most desirable end. The terrible floods now sweeping over the Mississippi Valley are the results of the destruction of Nature's reservoirs for storing moisture at the headwaters of hundreds of brooks and rivers that have contributed to this mighty volume of water now leaving a wake of death and disaster over a vast area of coun try. The heavy underbrush, shrubs, ferns and other plant life which flour ished under the shade of the timber forests of Michigan, Wisconsin, Min nesota and other regions farther, north all disappeared when the timber was re moved, and the Spring rains and melt ing snows were no longer checked in their doss ajra ee&ward. Similar causes inay some day produce similar results in the Pacific Northwest, but the liabil ity of danger will be lessened here on account of the length of the rivers as compared with the Mississippi and the Missouri. There will also be relief from another source, for by the time the tim ber is removed from the headwaters of Northwest steams, artificial reservoirs and irrigation schemes will take care of considerable of the surplus water. THE BEST TARIFF. No man need pretend to be a free trader who can say, as Mr. Chamberlain says, that when In times of depression foreigners dispose of their wares in Great Britain at bargain-counter prices, the island becomes a ".dumping ground." No free-trader could speak of the buyer at such sacrifice sales as a dumping-ground. He Is, as all free traders know, the most fortunate of men, because he gets his money's worth and more. The pity belongs to the poor American or German, who has to take about half of what his goods are worth. At length the significance of Mr. Chamberlain's utterance is dawning upon the world of political economy. It means a challenge to free trade In Its citadel. It means that the most alert, most resourceful, most Interest ing, and perhaps we may safely say also the most invincible of English statesmen, has called In question the theory of trade which has been ac cepted all but unanimously for- fifty years by the world of educated, think ing men. That it is best to buy In the cheapest market, wherever it Is; that the protective nation only Increases the burdens under which its own producers labor; that If a people cannot produce an article as cheaply as some other people, then they should buy, and not try to make it; that protection is as pernicious in practice as It Is false In theory all this is to be no longer an axiom of political economy', but a de batable proposition. The tariff debate that began in Great Britain In 1903 is an epoch In the world's history. The most necessary thing to say about the Chamberlain challenge Is that he may be altogether right or alto gether wrong, and yet the decision in either case be no safe guide to British policy. Tou cannot read in any book what Is the true tariff policy for any nation at any given time. There are no fixed principles in the science of government, but at every hour there Is .a best and wisest thing to do. The trouble with the thinker In affairs is that he tries to settle everything by reference to fixed principles and defi nitely ascertained facts, and Ignores the most important element of all, which Is human nature a thing of moods and caprice, of prejudices against and predilections for, of habits inveterate and manners Imperfect, of sentiment, of hero-worship, of super stition, of enslavement to tradition, and even to phrases of empty meaning but of potent memory. The best tariff for a people Is the tar iff they want. "Which is best mon archy, oligarchy or democracy? Aris totle says it may be one -or the other, but that one is best which the given people at the given time is best fitted for. Perhaps he should still be quali fied and removed from the semblance of exactness by saying that the best government for a people is the govern ment they think they are fitted for, or that they think is fitted for them. Seg ments of a nation, undoubtedly, are not endowed with this choice; for the best government for the South In 1861 was what the North thought was best and proceeded to Impose. The best govern ment for India is what London deter mines, and for Manila, "Washington. But the best government for Great Britain is what the British want It is of no use to apply 'ideal banking and currency laws to a people that insists on clinging to Its old ways. It Is no use to extend liberal immigration laws to Chinese and stir our own people up to strife and discontent. It was no use to restore Independence to the Ha waiian monarchy over the protests of dominant missionaries and traders. It Is no use to enact negro suffrage for the Southern States, or require highly moral conduct of the gambler and pros titute on pain of imprisonment. The best tariff is the tariff the peo ple want; the tariff they will be con tent with, and peacefully pursue their labor and their trade. If they think free trade Is bad for them, it Is bad; because they will chafe under It and their discontented effort will come to nothing. If they think protection Is bad for them, It Is bad; for the land will be filled with turmoil, and the party that persists In denying them their de sires will be turned out for one that will grant them. It is hard to say off hand what choice the British people will make between free trade and the alternative offered by Mr. Chamberlain; but he seems in a fair way to find out. There is only one thing wiser than to find out what kind of a tariff or other law the people want; and that Is to find out what they will not only want, but absolutely must have, twenty years hence. This, says Burke, Is political prescience; that Is, this Is statesman ship. Happy will Mr. Chamberlain's destiny be if his challenge of the hour proves to be this prophetic achieve ment. AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES. The evolution and operation of Amer ican parties under the Constitution are made the subject of a recently pub llshed book by Professor J. A Wood burn. While there were Whigs and Tories In the thirteen colonies during pre-Revolutlonary and Revolutionary times, the real history of parties In the United States begins with the division that took place in the Constitutional Convention of 1787 between those who wished to form a National Government and those who wished to retain a purely Federal Government. The National party, led by Madison, Wilson of Penn Kvlvrmla. and Rufus KIntr. of Massa chusetts, wished to form a Government in which representation according to population should be provided for In both houses of Congress, and In which the controlling power should be vested In the National Government. Their op ponents, who stood for the small states. Insisted that all the states should be equally represented In Congress, with out reference to population. A com promise was accepted. The Govern ment was Federal so far as the Senate was concerned. In which the states were equally represented, and it was National with regard to the House of Representatives, wherein the states had representation according to their population. Within two years after the Constltu tlon became operative Madison became an Anti-Federalist, or Republican: to be a Federalist at that time was to favor Hamilton's financial measures and broad construction of the Const! tution. Madison and Jefferson were both Anti-Federalists, and organized the Republican party, but Patrick Henry, through the personal influence and direct appeal of "Washington, sup ported Hamilton and his policy. The difference between the two parties as regards the construction of the Consti tution was brought out in the alien and sedition acts of 179S, and on the other hand In the Virginia resolutions, writ ten by Madison, and the Kentucky resolutions, drawn up by Jefferson. Jefferson and Madison both denied that the Federal Government could be the judge of the extent of Its own powers, and denied that It had a right to pun ish any crimes other than those speci fically mentioned in the Constitution. These Virginia and Kentucky resolu tions were the first party platform ever published In the United States. The difference of constitutional con struction has been perpetuated to our own day. One party, Federalist, "Whig, Republi can, has favored broad construction, the growth of National power, the ex tensive exercise of force and authority In the enforcement of social order and tranquillity. The other party, Anti Federalist, Democratic - Republican, Democratic, has held to strict construc tion, the rights of the states, and the largest individual and social liberty for the greatest number. One party fol lowed Hamilton in finance and excise legislation, followed Clay In support of protection and Internal improvements, followed Seward In congressional re straint of slavery, followed Lincoln in prosecution of civil war, followed Thad Stevens in reconstruction. The other party usually opposed these measures. There were exceptions under both par ties, as when the New England Federal ists, In their hate for Jefferson and Madison, resisted the Executive and Congress and under a states-rights view of the Constitution began to pre pare the way for secession by the con vocation of the Hartford Convention. Even Daniel "Webster, in 1812-14, op posed the war measures of Madison and denied their constitutionality. On the other hand, there were exceptions to th&r party creed when the Democratic-Republicans under Jefferson stretched the Constitution to cover the exercise of powers the existence of which they had previously denied. John Marshall said that Jefferson killed the Federalist party by adopting its principles. What killed the Feder alist party, however, was its folly in carrying its opposition to the "War of 1812 almost to the verge of secession in 1814. The thirty-four Federalist electors who voted for Rufus King in 1816'were the last survivors of the party of Ham ilton and John Adams. In 1820 Monroe had every electoral vote but one. In 1824 and 1828 the rival leaders belonged ostensibly to the same party, but near the end of John Qulncy Adams' Presi dency the name of National Republl cans was assumed by the followers of Adams and Henry Clay, and their principles supplied the war-cry for the new party of the Whigs, which first appeared under this name In 1834. The Jackson wing of the Republican party had assumed the name of Democratic, so. the opposition to Jackson called themselves Whigs, true successors of the Whigs or patriotic party of the Revolution, because they were opposed to the increase of the power of the Executive at the expense of the Leg islature, to Jackson's defiance of the Supreme Court, .his disregard of the rights of the Senate, his abuse of the veto power, his disposition to concen trate upon himself all the functions of the government. The Whig party of that date was nothing but a city and camp of refuge for enemies of Jackson, who included nullifiers and extreme states-rights men, who called Calhoun chief, "Anti-Masons" and Adams Re publicans. The Whig party ventured but twice in Its history (1844 and 1852) to adopt a platform of principles. Keen political observers said that the Whig party "died of an attempt to swallow the fugitive-slave law." The remnants of the Whigs cast 874,000 votes for Fill more In 1856, and carried three states for Bell and Everett In I860. The Republican party combined the Norfhern Whigs, who had voted against the Kansas-Nebraska bill; the Anti- Nebraska Democrats, who were op posed to the opening of new territory to slavery, and the avowed Free-Sollers, When slavery was extinguished and reconstruction enacted, the Republican party became the party of protection the party of Federal supremacy, the party of Internal Improvement, the party of sound finance; that, in spite of soma transient aberrations, has re fleeted the political and financial creed of Hamilton as opposed to Jefferson. The removal of Superintendent West- endorf, of the Washington State Reform School, at Chehalis, by Governor Me Bride, is the latest illustration of the chief executive's earnest desire to purify the politics of the state. West- endorf had charge of the' school for thirteen years, receiving praise and confidence alike from the Republican and Populist administrations, through which he passed unscathed. The school under his management became a model Institution, but . to keep it so required all of Superintendent Westendorfs time, leaving him helpless as a factor in purifying state politics. Ernest Lister, the Democratic member of the State Board of Control, who was removed to make room for "Deep Creek" Jones, suffered from the same handicap, and the sponsors of the Lewis and Clark Fair bill also learned to their sorrow that pure politics must prevail in he Evergreen State even at the sacrifice of every worthy official and the veto of every worthy bill. The warm Southern blood that courses through the veins of the Chileans near the boiling-point again, and an American warship has been detailed to go down and look after the interests of the Americans who might get pushed around in the impending fracas. It has been several years since there was any wholesale bloodletting In Chile, and the time Is about ripe for a change of ad ministration. The Chilean method of government by the people has some features that at least prevent perpetua tlon of any particular party in office. After one faction has held office for a certain length of time, the outsiders get up a revolution and kill off enough voters to equalize matters at the next election. Striking- the Average. Indianapolis Journal. Tf vou wait lontr enough, there la an evening up, a nice balancing of affairs in this world. Take the weather, for In stance. Two or three years back and rontinulne for a year or two there was decided deficiency in the rainfall, as raeas used bv the normal standard. Now- well, at least no deficiency is discernible to the naked eye. HANNA'S CHEEKY PLATFORM. Minneapolis Tribune. The last public utterance of President McKlnley declared plainly for a change in tariff policy, though not for abandon ment of the protectivo principle, in order to meet the changed Industrial and com mercial conditions of the country. This was probably the most carefully consid ered utterance of his life, as It Involved an almost revolutionary change of per sonal views. It was fresh In the pubuc mind when President Roosevelt succeeded him, and It was undoubtedly uppermost In every mind, as well as his own, wnen Roosevelt pledged himself to carry out McKinleys policy. Now. the nlaln fact is that president Roosevelt has not been able to take .one complete step towards carrying out this policy of McKlnley. He has been defeat! ed, at every point by Senator Hanna ana other Republican leaders, who consult great private Interests rather than the general good, to which Roosevelt and Mc Klnley wero alike devoted. Tnese men defeated reciprocity with Cuba; they pre- ented ratification of other reciprocity treaties: they have staved off all consid eration of tariff revision for the benefit of American trade, and they take it upon themselves to declare that no such con sideration will be permitted In the future Really it seems a nttie cneeuy or sen ator Hanna to choose for special ground of praise for Roosevelt his pledge to carry out McKlnley's policy and his perform ance of it. Fascinating Figure. London Tit-Bits. Here you have soma interesting exam ples of figure Juggling: 1231567S9 times 9 tjIus 10 eauals 1111111111 1234567S9 times IS plus 20 equals tt?mrw?. 123456733 times 27 plus 30 equals 33333J3333 1234567S9 times 36 Dlus 40 eauals 4444444444 123456TS3 times 45 plus 50 equals 5555555555 . . -. , i . r i- - i540bisa rimes & pius w equais roMoo 1234567S9 times 63 plus 70 equals 7777777777 123456TS9 times 72 plus SO equals 8SSSSSSSSS 12345C7S9 times SI plus 90 - equals 9999S99999 This table is still more Interesting when it Is noticed that each multiplier is divisi ble by 9, and that, when the figures of each answer are added together and the added number Is subtracted, the answer is 0. For example, the sum of 1111111111 Is 10, which minus 10 1b 0. - 9S76&4321 times 9 equals SSSSSSSSS9 SS7C54321 times IS equals 1777777777S 9S7654321 times 27 equals 25G66666667 9S7654321 times 36 equals 3oo55555556 9S7654321 times 45 equals 44444444415 9S7654321 times 54 equals 53333333334 9S7654321 times 63 equals 62222222223 937654321 times 72 equals 71111111112 SS7C54321 times SI equals SOOOOOOOOOl In thlc table It will also be noticed that each multiplier Is divisible by 9, and that it the figures in each answer are added together they will form a total which, if added together, will equal 9. For example. take the second answer, 1777777777S. These figures, added together, equal 72, and 7 plus 2 Is 9. Successful German Linen. The rapid development of German ship ping companies seems to have been fol lowed by something like a pause, pre paratory, no doubt, to renewed activity. There are now in Bremen and Hamburg seven shipping companies, with a share capital amounting in each case to 10,000. 000 marks or upward. At the beginning of 1S97 these seven companies possessed a total share capital of 104,500,000 marks. Since that year they have been enlarged In a way which is without precedent In the annals of the German shipping trade. In 1S97 new shares to the amount of 15,- OOO.OOO marks were Issued; in 1S9S, 30.000,000 marks; in 1899, nearly 40,000,000 marks; In 1900. 25,000.000 marke; In 1901, 13.000.000 marks; In 1902, 30,000,000 marks, and in 1903, 5,000,000 marks. This means that In the course of seven years the Increase of capital has been about 162,000,000 marks, without taking into account by no means Inconsiderable loans. Of the present total capital of the seven companies, 144.000.000 marks is invested at Hamburg and 120.- 000.000 at Bremen. The following table shows how the capital of each company has been Increased during the seven years: 1S97. 1903. Increase Company Marks. Marks. Marks. N. Ger. Llovd... 40.000.000 100.000.000 60.000.000 Hamburg-Amer..30.000,000 100,000,000 70.000,000 Hansa Line ....10,000.000 20,000,00010.000.000 Gcrman-AustrtJ- lan S. S. Co... 4.000.000 12.000.000 8.000.000 Hamburg South- Am. a. S. CO... T.aOO.OOO 11.250.000 3.7oO,000 Kosmos Co S.O00.O00 11.000.000 3.000.000 Ger.E. Africa .. 5,000.000 10,000.000 5,000,000 Protection In England. Philadelphia Ledger. Apart from the traditional devotion of England to free trade as to a sacred cause. and the extreme Improbability that the great victory of Bright and Cobden in the fight against the corn laws can now be reversed in a generation brought up to hate a bread tax as It hates the devil- apart from this, the certainty that a pref erentlal tariff means years of hard living by the English worklngmen renders the adoption of Mr. Chamberlain's scheme the most unlikely of contingencies. The English worklngman is not going hungry until the Colonial Secretary's grand dream is realized, and he Is not eager, with the glad Impetuosity of patriotic self-forget-fulness, to pay double for his bread to help the farmers of Manitoba. The Secre tary will tell him that he will probably get higher wages. He may doubt this; for he may reflect that If his wages were higher, his employer's goods would have to be sold at a higher price, and that so the advantage of "protection" would be lost. In short, the British worklngman may doubt, as others have doubted, the possibility of a people's taxing Itself rich. The advantages of the fiscal union propo sition are glimmering, distant and uncer tain; Its hardships are Immediate and in exorable, r Small Talk and Its Uses. Indianapolis News. The main object of small talk Is to avoid those distressing pauses which occur when the attention of the life of the party Is momentarily distracted from himself or herself, as the case may be. It Is not de signed to convey any meaning or really to entertain anybody, for if it did either of these things It would naturally degen erate Into mere gossip, and there is no telling what skeletons might be discov ered when the closet doors yielded to the knocking. Even the most profound among us would shrink from having anything of this kind haooen for It might be our closet so In our philosophy wo bow to this accomnllshment as a more or less necessary evil, while we sit by in the dig nity of silence, which is variously inter nreted as stupidity or wisdom, till It 13 time to go home, meantime ardently wishing that we had not come. Lacemakers "Sot Allowed to Land. Hartford (Conn.) Times. Somo time ago a Philadelphia firm ap plied to the Federal Government for per mission to bring in a numDer or lace makers from Europe under a clause In the new Immigration law which allows skilled laborers to be Imported "If like kind un employed cannot be found in this coun try." The firm In Its statement declared that there were unemployed lacemakera In New England, but that It would be a breach of business etiquette to employ them because they were, strikers. The reauest of the firm was refused by the Immigration Bureau on the ground that such an importation or sKiiiea taoorers might be made for the express purpose of breaking a etrike. s The Jew. London Daily News. A Jewls. hard at a bargain, because a barcrain is the only outlet tor his comDat lve Instinct. His keen intellectuality and passion for tho more delicate arts arise similarly from his political dlsquaiinca- Hons. He Is at once a hero and a villain, so that to one class of mind the trial scene in "The Merchant of Venice"- seems to represent a vindication of poetical Jus tlce, while others have thought It an lron- ; leal exposure of Gentile arrogance. TRIBUTES TO UMERS0N. j Senator Hoar's Address at Concord. ! He has made the best statement In all secular literature of the doctrine of Im mortality. He shows us that the world and the human soul are not only unrea sonable, but Inexplicable, without It. Yet. he makes no absolute affirmation, except that we shall be Immortal if that be best. Whether we shall know each other again Is a Sunday school question. He will not spend his time about it. Perhaps, as he says of Carlyle. this nimble and. active spirit does not car,a to beat itself against walls. But he is not, like Carlyle, a de stroyer, or a scorner. He worships no demon of mere force. If he does not know what we long to know of another world, he pays due homage to the loving and wise Spirit that sltteth as Sovereign on the throne of this. Rather, he believes that the world Is but one world, and that the Sovereign who relgn3 over It never to bo dethroned knows very well that every road leads to the gates of His king dom. He sees no God of force or of dis dain looking down on mankind as on a race of grovelling swine or chattering apes. On Luxury and Mnrrlaee. President Eliot's Address at Boston. In Emerson's day, luxury la the present sense had hardly been developed In our country; but he foresaw Its coming and its Insidious destructiveness. "We spend our incomes for paint and paper, for a hundred trifles, I know not what, and not for the things of a man. Our expense Is almost all for comformlty. It is for cake that we run in debt; it Is not the intellect, not the heart, not beauty, not worship, that costs us so much. Why needs any man be rich? Why must he have horses, fine garments, handsome apartments, ac cess to public houses and places of amusement? Only for want of thought. . . . We are first thoughtless, and then find that we are moneyless. "We are first sensual and then must be rich." He fore saw the state of mind today about mar riageI must have money before I can marry; and deals with it thus: "Give us wealth and the home shall exist. But that is a very Imperfect and Inglorious solution. Give us wealth! You ask too. much. Few have wealth; but all must have a home. Men are not born rich; In getting wealth the man Is generally sacri ficed, and often is sacrificed without ac quiring wealth at last." Abolishing an Old Holiday. Philadelphia Ledger. One of Brooklyn's most cherished In stitutions is "Anniversary day," when Sunday school children by the scores of thousands parade to the parks for a day's outing. The Board of Education has de clined to close the schools this year for the parade, which has taken place annu ally for over half a century. ftnd the church people are arising to protest. Mem bers of the school board say that they see no good reason for recognizing a cus tom like Anniversary day in Brooklyn and closing the schools for that day un less the schools are closed at the same time In all the boroughs. A suggestion that the schools be closed In all of the boroughs, making a general anniversary day throughout the city, is not received with favor. Another objection to closing the schools for the parade Is that it is not just to recognize the Protestant churches by closing the schools and refuse to close them at the request of other de nominations. Electric vs. Steam Railways. Baltimore Sun. It will perhaps surprise some persons to learn that electric railways carry eight times as many passengers as steam rail ways carry. There are 9S7 electrlc rail way companies, against 2057 steam rail way companies. The electric roads have 123.64S miles of line, against 197,237 miles of steam line. The former have 67,199 cars, against 1,550,833 cars on steam railways. The total capitalization of electric roads is $2,145,606,615. against 511.6S8.147.091. for the steam roads. The earningsyare $241, 5S4.697. against ?1.5SS.526,037, and' the net Income 530.955,233, against $241,511,318. The electric roads are ahead also in the num ber killed and Injured, the killed number ing 1216 and Injured 47.42S, against a rec ord of but 2S2 killed and 4983 Injured on the steam roads. The later have over ten times the mileage of the electric roads, but the electric roads run chiefly through the crowded streets of cities. A Lost Opportunity. A prominent clergyman was wont to remark that there was one Incident In his life he could not live down. Wherever he went he heard the tale related. While pursuing his studies in the divinity school he helped Sunday services at a near-by chapel a few miles in the .country. One day a heavy thunder shower came up, and the preacner shortened nis re marks to enable the members of his rural congregation to reach home before the storm should burst. But the storm came just as the serv ice ended and the people were compelled to remain In the chapel until the rain should cease. When the divinity student came down to the group of people about tho door he was thus greeted by a character famous In the neighborhood: "Well, B , If you'd knowed it waz goln' to rain like this, you might 'a gabbed for an hour longer." Too Plain for Dispute. Pittsburg Dispatch. The positive assertions In New Tork that the. saloon-keepers continue to pay blackmail to tho police despite the full announcement of the city administration that anyone approached or squeezed can secure relief and punishment of the police officials engaged by making the facts known to the Mayor are one of tho phe nomena of the day. The New Tork Post considers the assertion tangible enough to inquire: "Do the saloon-keepers prefer to pay blackmail to the police? and to conclude from the indications that they must do it because they wish to. Of course they do. The saloon-keeper In New Tork who pays tribute to the police does so to insure a blind eye to his viola tlons of the law. The briber In other fields does so to get something which he cannot honestly obtain. Oregon. (These prophetic lines were published la the Oregon. Spectator In the Spring- of 1850. Major Eckersoa was at that time a member of the First United States Artillery.) M Thro the mist of coining- years From this Yale o hopes and tears, -There's a future bright appears, Roiling on; And thy sons, amid their toll. On this far, far distant eolL Shall be proudly seen to smile, Oregon! Tho no more a foreign rod Is extended-o'er thy sod. But thy hills and vales are. trod By the free; Tho the children of the North, In their might hare sallied -forth. To assert Columbia's worth Gloriously! Tet'alas! the parent hand That should nurse so bright a land, Doth but faintly, feebly stand For Us son: "While with anxious eyes we look On the homes wo once forsook. All thy thousand ills to brook. Oregon! But we laugh despair to scorn! Tho forgotten and forlorn. , "We predict the coming mora Thro' the gloom; "When thy sons and daughters fair. Sweetly reft of grief and care. Shall a Nation's bounty share, And a home! ? For the day la drawing nigh "When a long-neglected, cry. Not In vain shall raise on high, "We are One!" And thy sons, amid their,, toil On this fair though distant soil. Shall in sweet contentment smile, ' Oregon! ''' Theodore J. Eckerson. NOTE AND COMMENT. " H Whew! 1 Old Sol Is working overtime. There is lots of hot air about this warm speQ. The weather man has certainly got it In for us. We are simply getting a touch of what we may expect in the future. What is, left of the Morrison-street pavement will now proceed to melt. We shall now begin to hear about "the hottest day In Portland" from some old residents. The annual crop of "rock-the-boat" art ists Is about due with the coming' of the boating season. The highwayman who held up a woman for 20 cents ran about as big a risk as a human being can. Mr. Puter, who Is said to bo mixed up in the timber steal, has the peculiar Ini tials S. A D. Maybe he feels so. If the poet who thinks he has a nice, sweet poem on Juno would only breathe about seven gulps of our dust-ladea at mosphere, maybe he would quit. A policeman has been fired because of "political activity." A man with any ac tivity, political or otherwise, ought to kept on tho force for a good example. The Austrian treasury was in a de plorable condition when the war with France broko out in 1S59, and when Baron Bruck, who had charge of the Na tional finances at the time, was called upon to respond to the toast, "May God Defend the Army," the minister replied that his "fervent prayer was that God would, for he himself would not be ablo to do so much longer. The Baron found his task even more difficult, evidently, than he expected, for he took his own life before the war was over. A sporting writer relates that when Peter Maher was knocked out by FIU simmons at Langtry, Tex., his seconds had considerable trouble In reviving-him, and when thoy finally brought him around his trainer, Peter Lowery, who was in his corner, began to console him. "Never mind. Peter," Lowery is reported to have said when the boxer had sufficiently re covered to notice things. "Tou made a good fight and have lost no friends." Maher looked at JLowery for a second and shouted, so everybody at the rlngslda Could hear him: "Arragh, will yes hould yer tongue? Can't yez see Oi'm Insinsl ble?" During Ethel Barrymore's last engage ment In Chicago she was invited to an after-the-performance dinner. The host ess and a number of her guests occupied boxes at the play. Among these was a rather fresh young man, who thought ho had made an Impression on Miss Barry more. He kept his eyes on her through out the play and tried hard to create tha Impression that she noticed it. At tha dinner he had the good fortune to sit next to the actress. When an opportu nity came he remarked to her under his breath: "Did you see me wink at you during the third act?" "Tea," responded Miss Barrymore, in a louder tone, "didn't you hear my heart beat?" At a dinner of federated women In St. Paul last week, one of the gentle sex. responding to the toast, "The Ideal Man," said: "Man is the paragon of animals. On his own ground he surpasses the Hon in magnanimity, the fox In acumen, tha parrot in repartee, the monkey in versa tility, the ant in thrift, the fish In self control, the spider In all that goes to make up a valued member of society. I dare say that, If all the facts were known, man Is more of an absolute success than a mule!" King Edward has given orders for tha dlsbandment of his private band, one of the ancient features of his court. In its present form it was established by Charles H, and some authorities assert that a "state" band existed In the days of Queen Elizabeth. It Is composed of 34 musicians, under tha direction of Sir Wal ter Parratt, "master of the muslck." Its members are tha best that can be secured In England, and this is the real cause of its dissolution. Unlike his mother. King Edward does not care much for state con certs by his own musicians, .and since his accession the duties of the band have been confined chiefly to the playing of light mu sic, including ragtime, during royal din ners. This they regard as undignified and the King regards as extravagant. The same music can ba played as well byj fewer and less notable musicians. Conan Doyla was onca asked why ha didn't establish a detective agency and employ .Sherlock Holmes tactics la con ducting the business. "For tha very good reason," he replied, "that all tha knots Sherlock Holmes untied were of my own tying. I should fall If I undertook to un ravel other people's entanglements. I be lieve that on one occasion I could have done so, though. I was in a tailor shop when a rather unattractive man was se lecting a pair of trousers. He flatly ob jected to striped goods, and I got the idea, that he was an ex-convict. To satisfy myself I visited one or two prisons, and sura enough found the man's picture in tha rogue's gallery. Doubtless ho had bad enough of striped wearing apparel." PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHEIIS "I think I'll call this automoblte Tammany." "Why?" "Because it's such, a perfect ma chine." Puck. We have It on reliable authority tfrst, as soon as Georgia la done layln'-by cotton, she's going to whirl in and write the Great Araeri caa Novel. Atlanta. Constitution. T suppose," said the city girl, "that you have no acolytes in your church." "No; wa haven't," admitted the village cousin, "but we are going to put .In electric lights, next Fall." Chicago Dally News. "A pain I have from eating- jam," Said philosophic- Mary Jane; "But, oh, how glad, how glad I am My bed has got a counterpane!" Harvard Lampoon. Householder That last butter. Mr. Creamer, was a little strong. Dairyman Tes, I found that out before I sent it. So I told Mr. Wiggs to give you short weight'. It was the best thing. we could do, you know, under tha cir cumstances." Boston Transcript. "It's an eight-tour day for about everybody now. Isn't It?" "Oh. no; not for the employ ers." "And why not for them?" "Because, If they bad been content with an eight-hoar day, they wouldn't have succeeded in becom ing employers." Chicago Evening Post. An Unreasonable Rule. Governor Bailey, of Kansas, announces that he will appoint no one to office who has not a bank account. This Is an unreasonable rule. Indeed. How ara some men to get bank accounts till after they are appointed to office? Providence Journal. "We come," said the orator, "to bury Caesar, not to praise him." There was a. movement In the rear as a large-, fat gentleman pasbed to the front. "One moment. Mark I" he ex claimed; "this funeral can't go ob. ustil trader taker Claudius Ero&icus Joias tbo va49Bt"- Baltimore News. v