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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (May 1, 1903)
DEDICATION .OF THE PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING PROGRESS OP COXSTRITCTIOX IX THE WORLD'S FAIR BUILDINGS. THE VIEW IS (Continued from First Pace.) to order by President Francis, the noise was so great that his voice could not be heard 20 feet from the rostrum. He In troduced Cardinal Gibbon?, -who delivered the following Invocation: "We pray thee, O God of might, -wisdom and Justice, through whom authority ,is rightly administered, laws are enacted, rind judgment decreed, assist with thy holy spirit of counsel- and fortitude the President of these United States, that his Administration may be conducted in righteousness and be eminently useful to thy people over whom he presides, by encouraging due respect for virtue and religion, by a faithful execution of the laws in Justice and mercy, and by re straining vice and immorality. "Let the light of thy .divine wisdom direct the deliberations of Congress, and shine forth in all their proceedings and laws framed for our rule and govern ment, so that they may tend to the pres ervation of peace, the promotion of Na tional happiness, the increase of indus try, sobriety and useful knowledge, and may perpetuate to us the blessings of equal liberty. "We pray for His Excellency the Gov ernor Qf this state, for the, members of the Legislature, for all Judges, magis trates and other officers who are ap pointed to. guard our political welfare, that they may be enabled by thy power ful protection to discharge the duties of their respective stations with honesty and ability. "We pray for the president and directors of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, that their arduous labors may be crowned with success, and may redound to the greater growth and development of this flourishing city on the banks of the Father of Waters. "May this vast territory which was peacefully acquired a hundred years ago be for all time to come the tranquil and happy abode of millions of enlightened. God-fearing and industrious people, en gaged In the various pursuits and avoca tions of life. As tills new domain was added to our possessions without san guinary strife, so may its soil never be stained by bloodshed in any foreign or domestic warfare. "May this commemorative exposition, to which the family of nations are gen erously contributing their treasures of art, and industry, bind together the gov ernments of the earth in closer ties of fellowship and good-will, and of social and commercial Intercourse. May It has ten the dawn of the reign of the Prince of Peace, when National conflicts will be adjusted, not by hostile armies, but by permanent courts of arbitration 'May this International exhibition In augurated in the Interests of peace and commerce help to break down, the wTall of dissension, pf jealousy and prejudice, that divides race from race, nation from na tion, and people from people, by pro claiming aloud the sublime gospel truth that we are all children of the same God, brothers and sisters of the same Lord Jesus Christ, and that we are all aspiring to a glorious inheritance in the everlast ing kingdom of our common Father." EX-SENATOR CARTER SPEAKS. President of the Day Declnrea Pnr poe of Exposition. Following the invocation of the cardi nal. ex-United States Senator Thomas J. Carter, of the National World's Fair Commission, who acted as president of the day. was introduced. He spoke as follows: "One nundred years ago today the Gov-, crnment of the United States acquired sovereignty over the vast territory of the Mississippi River, which has since been known to the geographical nomenclature of the world as 'The Louisiana Purchase.' Beyond the river the boundaries and the resources of 'the territory were Ill-deflned . and but vaguely comprehended. The pur chase price of $15,000,00 was pron&unced exorbitant, the free navigation of the Mississippi belng the only part of the property deemed worthy of serious consid eration. The transaction was regarded hy many as a violation of the Constitu tion and a menace to our form of govern ment. The grave doubts of President Jef ferson were .only resolved Into action by his patriotic desire for National supremacy over the river and his prophetic faith In the possibilities of the mysterious coun try beyond it. The revelations of a cen tury have most amply Justified his faith. "When the treaty of cession was con cluded. President Jefferson represented less than 6,000,000 of people. During these ceremonies, President .Rooseveltl- the Ex ecutive of over -S0,0!tt,000 dt reo men. -will dedicate the buildings. The magical story of local development puts to shame the creations of fiction. "In conformity with a special act of Congress, .the President has invited all the actions to", co-operate with us in properly commemorating he masterful achieve ments of. a century in this new country. It is fitting that the celebration should be Internationa .fpr you will in vain attempt to name, civilized country whose sons and daughters-.have not contributed to the g&fcrious triumphs of peace; recorded here. "In, tX1 name of the National Commis sion directed, by Congress to provide for the dedication ceremonies, I extend to you all a cordial welcome, and as responsive to this Inspiring scene of peace and gen rom Igellng ! call upon the chorus to favor us with Beethoven's 'Creation hymn. -(Chorus.) "Thoe best informed will, by unanimous conawt, yield to- Hon. David R. Francis. swEldent of the company, the highest t i A i - . :f ' - i " i ' ' measure of praise for the organization of the exposition and the construction of the building he will now present to the Presi dent of the United States for dedication." PRESIDENT FRANCIS SPEAKS. Presents Buildiiifir to President Rooxevelt for Dedication. After the rendition of "The Heavens Proclaiming" by the chorus of 2000 voices, David R. Francis, president of the fair association, delivered the following ad dress, presenting the buildings of the fair: "The people of the Louisiana Purchase are proud of their membership In the Federal Union. They are grateful for the benefits that have flowed from a life un der the enduring institutions formed by the founders of the Republic. They con gratulate their brethren on the position our country occupies among the nations of the earth, and felicitate themselves on the part they have performed toward rais ing It to Its present prestige and power. They felt It a patriotic duty fittingly to commemorate the completion of the first century of their connection with the American Republic, and the rounding out of an Important epoch In the life of the Republic "In the discharge of that duty this ex position was conceived. The Inhabitants of the 14 states and two territories com prised within the purchase selected St. Louis as the scene of the celebration. The people of this city are grateful for J the honor conferred, promptly accepted it and cheerfully assumed the Immense re sponsibilities Jt entailed. The century just closed, unequakd as it was In every line of progress, furnished no more striking evidence of the advance of civilization than the development of the Louisiana territory. A oelebratlon in such an ago and in such a country, to be fit, should be upon a ecale In keeping with the best and highest, and should be planned upon lines broad enough to take in every people and every clime. "A scheme co ambitious In Its inception naturally had comparatively few advo cates, and encountered many antagonists and more doubters. It could not.be ac complished without the recognition and the aid of the General Government, which for a time it seemed impossible to enlist. It waa decided that the amount required to launch an undertaking so comprehen sive should be the same as that paid for the empire which Jefferson purchased, $15, 000,000. Congress said to St. Louis, 'When you have secured two-thirds of that sum we will provide the remaining third. The conditions were accepted and fulfilled. "After three years of struggle the sinews had been secured the first step accomplished. Two years have since elapsed. During that period the work has been pushed In every state and territory J and possession of the United States, and in every civilized country on the earth. The disappointments experienced and the obstacles encountered have but served to spur to renewed, effort those who from the Inception of the movement had deter mined, to carry it to a successful consum mation. "The further encouragement from the General Government in the provision of Its own exhibit, the co-operation of the 41 states and territories and possessions of the United States, the pledged participa tion of 32 foreign countries, are the re sults of vigorous domestic and foreign exploitation. . "To the President of the United States, to the accomplished representatives of foreign countries, to the chief executives of the sovereign states, to tho Senators and Representatives of the National Con gress, to the great concourse of visitors here congregated, we extend greeting. If you are pleased with what has been ac complished, your approval Is abundant re ward for the labor we have performed. "And. now, Mr. President, It Is my pleasing privilege and high honor to pre sent, to .you for dedication the buildings ot the Louisiana Purchase Exposition May ,a high standard of citizenship and a broader "humanity and the mission of the" country whose worthy' representative you are be sustained and fostered and pro moted by the uses to which these struc tures are -devoted. May the happiness of mankind be advanced and . broadened by. the lofty purposes that inspired this un dertaking, and moved our own and our sister countries to unite in its accomplish ment. PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT'S SPEECH. He Traces Progress of Expansion From Revolutionary War. At the conclusion of President Francis' address terrlfflc cheers broke forth to greet President Roosevelt, whose dedica tion address waa as follows: Mr. President. Ladles and Gentlemen: At the outset of my address let me recall to the minds of my hearers that the soil upon which we stand, before It was ours, "was successively the possession of two mighty empires. Spain and France, -whose sons, made a deathless record of heroism In the early annals of the New World. No history of the Western country can be written without paying heed to "the won derful part played therein in the early days by -the soldiers, missionaries explor ers and traders, who did their work tor the honor ot the proud banners of France and Castile. While the settlers' of English-speaking stock, and those of Dutch, German and Scandinavian origin who were associated with them, were still clinging close to the Eastern seaboard, the pio neers of Spain and of France had pene trated deep into the hitherto unknown wilderness of the West and had wandered far and wide within the boundaries of what is now our mighty country. The -very cities themseK-es St. Louis, New Or leans. Santa Fe. JCew Mexico bear wit ness by their titles to the nationalities ot THE MORNJNG WORLD'S FAIR AT ST. their founders. It was not until the Revo lution had begun that the English-speaking settlers pushed west across the Alle gbenies, nnd not until a century ago that they entered in to possess the land upon which we now stand. We have met hero today to commem orate the 100th anniversary of the event which moro than any other, after the foundation of the Government and al ways excepting its preservation, deter mined the character of our National life determined that we should be a great ex panding Nation instead of relatively a small and stationary one. Flrnt Step 1b. Expannlon. Of course It was not with the Louisiana Purchase that our career of expansion began. In the middle of the Revolutionary War the Illinois region, including the present States of Illinois and Indiana, was added to our domain by force of arms, as a sequel to the adventurous expedition of George Rogers Clark and his frontier riflemen. Later the treaties of Jay and. Pinckney materially extended our real boundaries to the west. But none of these events was of so striking a character as to fix the popular Imagination. The old 13 colonics had always claimed that their rights stretched westward to the Missis sippi, and vague and unreal though these claims were until made good by conquest, settlement and diplomacy, they still served to give the impression that the earliest westward movements of our people were little more than the filling In of already existing National boundaries. But there could be no illusion about the acquisition of the vast territory beyond the Mississippi, stretching westward to JTMn fmmensS rVrion admittedly the territory of a foreign pow er, of a European kingdom. None of our people had ever laid claim to a foot of It. its acquisition could In no sense be treated as rounding out any existing claims. When we acquired It we made evident once for all that consciously and of set purpose we bad embarked on a career of expansion, that we had taken our place among those daring and hardy nations who risk much with the hope and desire of winning high position among the great powers of'tha earth. As is so often the case in nature, the law of development of a living organ ism showed Itself In Its actual workings to be wiser than the wisdom of the wisest. This work of expansion was by far tho greatest work of our people during the years that intervened between the adop tion of the Constitution and the outbreak of the Civil War. There were other ques tions of real moment and importance, and there were many which at the time seemed such to those engaged in answering them: but the greatest feat of our forefathers of those generations was the deed of tho men .who, with pack train or wagon train, on horseback, on foot or by boat upon the wators, pushed the frontier ever west ward across the continent. Never before had the world seen the kind of National expansion which gave our people all that part of tho American continent lying west of the i3 origirial states; the greatest landmark In which was the Louisiana Purchase. Our tri umph In this process of expansion was in dlssolubly bound up with the success of our peculiar kind of federal government; and this success has been so complete that because of Its very completeness we now sometimes fall to appreciate not pnly the all-Importance but the tremendous diffi culty of the problem with which our Na tion was originally faced. Ancient Expansions Failed. When our forefathers joined to call Into being this Nation, they undertook a task for which there was but little encourag ing precedent. The development of civil ization from the earliest period seemed to show the truth of two propositions: In the first place, it had always proved ex ceedingly dlfflcult-to secure both freedom and strength In any government; and In the second place, it had always proved well-nigh impossible for a nation to ex pand without either breaking up Air be coming a centralized tyranny. With the success of our effort to combine a strong and efficient National Union, able to put down disorder at home and to maintain our honor and Interest abroad, I have not now tii deal. This success was signal and an Important, but it was by no means un precedented in the same sense that our type of expansion was unprecedented. The history of Rome and of Greece illustrates very well the two types of expansion which had taken place In ancient time and which had been universally accepted as the only possible types up to the period when as a nation we ourselves began to take possession of this continent. The Grecian states performed remarkable feats of colonization, but each colony as soon as created became entirely Independent of the mother state, and In after years was almost as apt to prove Us enemy as Its friend. Local self-government, local Inde pendence, -was secured, but only by the absolute sacrifice of anything resembling national unity In consequence, the Greek world, for all Its wonderful brilliancy and the extraordinary artistic, literary and philosophical development which has made all mankind Its debtor for the ages, was yet wholly unable to withstand a formida ble foreign foe. save spasmodically. As soon as powerful, permanent empires arose on its outskirts, the Greek states in the neighborhood of such empires fell un der their sway. National power and great ness were completely sacrificed to local liberty. With Rome the exact opposite occurred. The Imperial city rose to absolute domin ion over all the peoples of Italy" and then expanded her rule over the entire civilized world by a process which kept the nation strong and united, but gave no room whatever for local liberty and self-government. All other cities and countries were subject to Rome. In consequence, this great and masterful race of warriors, rulers, road-builders and administrators' stamped their- Indelible impress npon all the after life of our race, and yet let an over-centralization eat out the vitals of their empire until It became an empty shell; so' that when the barbarians came they destroyed only what had already be come worthless to the world. Strength of Federal System. The underlvlnr viclousness of each tvne A of expansion was plain enough and the remedy now seems simple enougn. jjut when the fathers of the Republic first formulated the Constitution under which "we live this remedy was untried and no one" could foretell how it would work. They themselves begaa the. experiment OktfGONIA, FRIDAT, TO THE WESTWARD FR03I THE ROOF OF THE LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING, almost Immediately by adding new states to the original 13. Excellent people In the East viewed this Initial expansion of the country with great alarm. Exactly as during the colonial period many good people In the mother country thought It highly Important -that settlers, should ha kept out of the Ohio Valley In the Inter est of the fur companies, so after we had become a Nation many good people on the Atlantic Coast felt grave apprehen sion lest they somehow might be hurt by the westward growth of the Nation. Thes,e good people shook their heads over the formation of states In the fertile Ohio Valley, which now forms part of the heart of our Nation; and they de clared that the destruction of the Re public had been accomplished when through the Louisiana Purchase we ac quired nearly half of what is now that same Republic's present territory- Nor was their feeling -unnatural. OnlyN the adventurous and the farrseelng can be expected heartily to welcome tho process of expansion, for the nation that expands Is a nation which Is entering upon a great career, and with greatness there must of necessity come perils which daunt all save the most stout-hearted. We expanded by caning the wilderness Into . territories ; and out of these terri tories building new states when once they had received as permanent settlers a sufficient number of our own people. Being a practical Nation, we have never tried to force on any section of our new territory an unsuitable form of govern ment merely because It was suitable for another section under different conditions. Of tho territory covered by the Louisiana Purchase a portion was given statehood within a few -years. Another portion1 has not been admitted to statehood, although a century has elapsed although doubt Ices It soon will be. In each case we showed the practical governmental genius of our race, by devising methods suitable o meet the actual existing needs; not by Insisting upon the application of some ab straet shibboleth to nil our new pos sessions alike, no matter how incongru ous this application might sometimes be. Carvlnj? of New States. Over by far the major part of the ter ritory, however, our people spread in such numbers during the course of the ISth century that we were able to build up state -after state, each with exactly the same complete local Independence In all matters affeqtlng purely Its own do mestic Interests as In any of the original 13 states each owing the same absolute fealty to the Union of all the states which each of the original 13 states also owes-and finally each having the same proportional right to Its share In shaping and directing the common policy of the Union which Is possessed by any other state, whether of the original 13 or not. This process now seems to us part of the natural order of things, but It was wholly unknown until our own people de vised it. It seems to us a mere matter of course, a matter of elementary right and Justice, that in the deliberations of the National representative bodies the representatives or a state which came into the Union but yesterday stand on a footing of exact and entire equality with those of the Commonwealths whose sons once signed, the Declaration of Indepcndr ence. But this way of looking at . the matter Is purely modern, and In Its origin purely American. When Washington, dur ing his Presidency, saw new states come into the Union on a footing of complete equality with the old, every European Nation which had colonies still admin istered them as dependencies, and every other mother-country treated the colo nist not as a self-governing equal, but as a subject. The process which we began has since been .followed by all the great peoples who were capable both of expansion and of self-government, and now tho world accepts it as the natural process, as the rule; but a century and a quarter ago it was not merely exceptional; It was un known. Work; of the Pioneers. This, then, Is the great historic signifi cance of the movement of continental ex pansion In which the Louisiana Pur chase was the most striking single achievement. It .stands out In marked relief even among ine zeais or a nation of pioneers, a nation whose people have from the beginning been picked out by a process ot natural selection from among the most enterprising Individuals ot the nations of Western Europe. The acquisi tion of the territory is a credit to the broad and far-sighted statesmanship of the great statesmen to whom It was Im mediately due. and above all to the ag gressive and masterful character of the hardy pioneer folk to whose restless en ergy these statesmen gave expression and direction, whom they followed rather than led. The history of the land comprised within the limits of the Purchase is an epitome of the entire history of our peo ple. Within these limits we hav grad ually built up state after state, until now they many times over" surpass In wealth. In population, and in many-sided development the original J3 states as they were when their delegates met In the Continental Congress " The people of these states have shown themselves mighty in war with their fellow-man, and mighty In strength to tame the rugged wilderness. They coUld" n'ot thus have conquered the forest and the- prairie, the mountain and the desert, had- they not possessed the' great fighting virtues, the qualities which enable a people to over come the forces of hostile men and hostile nature. On the other hand, they could not have used aright their conquest had they not In addition possessed the quali ties ot self-mastery ana ifelf-restralnt. the power of acting In combination with their fellows, the power of yielding obedience to the law and of building up an orderly civilization. Courage and hardihood are indispensable virtues In a people;, but fhe people which possesses no others, can nev er rise high In the scale either of power or of culture. Great peoples must have In addition the governmental capacity, which comes only when individuals fully recognize their dutiesto one another and to the whole body politic, and are able to Join" together In feats of constructive statesmanship and of honest and effective administration. Sew Problems Have Arisen. The old pioneer days are gone, with their roughness and their hardship,, their Incredible toll and their wild half-eayago, romance. But the need for the pioneer virtues remains the same as ever. The HAY I, 103. LOUIS BY PRESIDENT ROOSEVELfflU peculiar frontier conditions have van ished: but the manliness nnd stalwart hardihood of the frontiersmen can be glv- I en even freer scope under the conditions surroundng the complex Industrialism of the present day. In this great region ac quired for our people under the presi dency of Jefferson, this region stretching from the Gulf to the Canadian border, from the Mississippi to the Rockies, the material and social progress has been so vast that alike for weal and for woe Its people now share the opportunities and bear the burdens common to the entire civilized world. Thy problems before us are fundamentally the same east and west of the Mississippi. In the new state's nnd In the old, and exactly the same qualities are required for their successful solution. We meet here today to commemorate a great event, an event which marks on era in statesmanship no less than In pioneering. It Is fitting that we should fiay our homage In words; but wo must n honor make our words good by deeds. We have every right to take a Just "pride in the great deed3 of our forefathers; but we show ourselves unworthy to be their descendants If we make what they did an exouse for our lying supine Instead of an Incentive to the effort to show our selves by our acts worthy of them. In the administration of city, state and Nation, in the management of our home life and the conduct pf our business and social re lations, we are bound to show certain high and fine qualities of character under p'enalty of seeing the whole heart of our civilization eaten put while the body still lives. Same VIrtn.es Still Needed. We justly pride ourselves on our mar velous material prosperity, and such pros perity must exist In order to establish a foundation upon which a higher life can be built; but unless we do In very fact build this higher life thereon, the material prosperity Itself will go for but very little. Now, In 1503. In the altered conditions, we must meet the changed and changing problems with the spirit shown by the men who in 1S03 and in the- subset quent years gained, explored, conquered and settled tnls vast territory, then a desert, now filled with thriving and popu lous states. The old days fcvere great because the men who lived lnTthem had mighty quali ties; and we must make the new days great by showing these same qualities. We must insist upon courage and resolu tion, upon hardihood, tenacity and fer tility In resource; wo must insist upon the strong virile virtues; and we must insist no less upon the virtues of self restraint, self-mastery, regard for the rights of others: wo must show our ab horrence of cruelty, brutality and corrup tion. In public and In private life alike, If we come short In any of these Quali ties we shall measurably fall; and If. as I believe we surely shall, we develop these qualities In the future to an even greater degree than in the past, then in the century now beginning we shall make of this Republic the freest and most or derly, the most Just and most mighty nation which has ever come forth from the womb of time. GROVER CLEVELAND SPEAKS. Fathers of Expansion Foresaw Its Momentous Results. Following the President's address, the chorus rendered "Unfold, Ye Portals." Ex-.Presldent Grover Cleveland was then introduced, who spoke as follows: Mr. President .and Ladles and Gentlemen: The Impresslveness of this occasion Is greatly enhanced by reason of an atmos phere of prophecy's fulfillment which sur rounds It. The thought is In our minds that we are amid awe-lnsprlng surround ings, where we may see and feel things foretold a century ago. We are here In recognition of the one hundredth anni versary of an event which doubled the area of the young American nation, and dedicated a new and wide domain to American progress and achievement. The treaty whoso completion we today com memorate was Itself a prophecy of our youthful nation's mighty growth and de velopment. At Its birth prophets In wait ing joyously foretold the happiness which its future promised. He who was the chief actor for the United States in Its nego tiation, as he. signed the perfected Instru ment, thus declared lis effect and far- reaching consequences: "The instrument which we have lust signed will cause no tears to be shed. It prepares ages or nappiness for mnumera me generations or numan creatures, ine Mississippi and the Missouri will see them sijcceea one anotner truiy worthy ot the recard and care of Providence in the bosom of equality under just laws freed from the errors or superstition and the scourges 4of bad government." He who represented the nation with whom we negotiated, when he afterwards gave to the worm nia account of the trans action, declared: "The consequences of the cession of Louisiana wijL extend to the most distant posterity. It Interests vast regions " that will become by their civilization and power tne rivals or Europe neiore anotner cen turv commences:" and. warmed to en thusiasm hy the developments, already in view, and greater ones promised, he added: "Who can contemplate without vivid emo tions tms spectacle or the happiness or the present generation, and the certain pledges of tha prosperity of numberless generations thar, will- tollowj At these magnificent prospects the heart beats with joy in the breasts of those who were per mitted to seo the dawn of these bright days, and who are assured that so -many nappy, presages will be accompusnea. What Jefferson Said. There was another prophet, greater than all nronbet and.nrlest who hitrher up the mount than others heard more distinctly the voice of destiny, whose heart and soul were full of prophecy, and whose every faculty was tense and strong as he wrougut for our nation's advancement and for the peaco and contentment of hi8 fellow-countrymen. From the fullness of .'stratltude and joy he thus wrote to one who naq assisted in the consummation or. this great, treaty: -.tor myseir ana my country I thank you for the aid you have glten In it. and I congratulate you on hav-. ing uvea to give tnese aias in a trans&c tioa replete with blessings to unborn mil lions of men. and which -will mark the face of a portion on the globe, so exten sive as teat wnicn - now composes tne IX WHICH THE DEDICATION CEREMONIES WERE HELD YESTERDAY. United States of America"; and when, as Preeldent, he gave notice in a message to Congress of the actual occupancy by the Government of Its new acquisition, ho happily presaged the future, and gave as surance of his complete faith and confi dence In the beneficent result of our na tion's extension. In these words: "On this Important acquisition, so favorable to the Immediate interests of our Western citizens, so auspicious to the peace and security of the nation In general, which adds to our country territories so exten sive and fertile, and to our citizens new brethren to partake of the blessings of freedom and self-government, I offer to Congress and our country my sincere con gratulations." Our prophets do not live forever. They are not here to see how stupendously the growth and development of the American nation, on the domain newly acquired in their day. have, during a short century, outrun their anticipations and predictions. Growth, ot a Century. Almost within the limits of the territory gained by the Louisiana purchase we have already carved out twelve great states leaving still a large residue, whose occu pants are even now loudly clamoring for statehood. Instead of the 6000 white settlers who oc cupied this domain In 1S03 it now contains fifteen millions of Industrious, enterpris ing, Intelligent Americans, constituting about one-fifth of the population of all our states, and these are defiantly contesting for premiership In wealth and material success with tho oldest -or our states, ana are their eouals In every ohase of ad vanced Intelligence and refined civilization. The states which composed the Union when Its possessions were so greatly ex- tenaea nave since that time seen tne cen ter of the nation's population carried more than 500 miles westward by the swift and constant current of settlement toward this new domain; and the- citizens of those states have seen flocking thither "new brethren to partake of the blessings of ireeaom ana sen-government" m multi tudes greater than even Jefferson would have dared to foretell. I shall not enter the field of statistics for the purpose of giving details of the development of the territory acquired un der the treaty we commemorate. I have referred to such development In some o Its general features, by way of suggesting how distinctly the century Just ended gives assurance or a startling ana superaDun dant final fulfillment of the prophecies of Its beginning. Second Great National Event. The sunreme importance of the Louisi ana purchase, and Its value as a national accomplishment, when seen in the Inci dents of its short history and in the light of Its present and prospective effects, and iudeed solely by Its palpable and Indepen dent merits, cannot be better characterized than by the adoption ot the following lan guage from the pen of a brilliant Ameri can historian: "The annexation of Louis iana was an event so portentous as to defy measurement. It rave a new face to poll- tics, and ranked in historical importance next to the Declaration of Independence 1 and the adoption of the Constitution, events of which It was the logical outcome. But as a matter of diplomacy, it was un paralleled because It cost almost nothing." now miing on every ground it is mai the Centennial of this stupendous event should be Joyously and appropriately cele brated; and that It should be celebrated here In the mot populous or the states created from the territory which the Louisiana purchase gave to us. And how in keeping it Is with the character of this acquisition, and with its purpose and mis sion, that our celebration should not waste itself on the pomp and pageantry that be long to the triumphs and spoils of war or to the rapacious dispossessions of ruthless conquest- Every feature of our celebra tion should remind us that we memorialize a peaceful acquisition of territory for truly American uses and , purposes; and we should rejoice not only because this acqui sition Immediately gave peace and con tentment to the spirited and determined American settlers who demanded an outlet of trade to the sea, but also because it provided homes and means of livelihood for the millions of new Americans whose coming tread fell upon the ears o the ex pectant fathers of the Republic, and whose stout hearts and brawny arms wrought the miracles which our celebration should Interpret. We are here at this hour to dedicate beautiful and stately edifices to the pur pose of our commemoration. But as we do this, let us. remember that the soil whereon we stand was a century ago dedi cated to the genius of American Industry and thrift. For every reason, nothing could be more appropriate as an important part of the Centennial commemoration we nave .undertaken than the gathering to gether on this spot of the things that are characteristic of American effort, and which tell the story of American achieve ment; and how happily will this be sup plemented and crowned by the generous, magnanimous and Instructive contribu tions from other and -older lands, which, standing, side by side with our exhibits, shall manifest, the high and friendly re gard our Republic ha3 gajned among the governments of the earth, and shall dem onstrate how greatly advancing civiliza tion has fostered and stimulated the broth erhood of nations. Demand far Open River. I cannot, however, rid myself of the feel ing that the inspiration and value attend ing such an exposition may be anticipated and Increased, If on this dedicatory occa sion we promote appropriate reflections by a retrospection of some ot the Incidents which accompanied the event we cele brate. We all- know that long before the ne gotiation of the treaty of 1S03 our Gov ernment had a keen appreciation of the Importance to American settlers In the Valley ot .the Mississippi of an arrange ment permitting their products to be de posited and" exported at the entrance of that river to the sea. It wilt be remem bered that this need of our settlers had been met In a limited and not altogether secure manner by a treaty with Spain, allowing such deposits and export to be made at the City of New Orleans. This privilege was entirely withdrawn in Oc tober, 1S02. the territory appurtenant to such privilege having been In the mean time transferred to France. The situa tion thus created waa extremely delicate. There wm presented, to the Government; on the one hand thelnjury to Western settlers through the loss of their trading outlet, and on the other the. perplexing question of affordlnsr them relief by means of diplomatic agreement, or in some other method. The abandonment of our settlers to their disheartening fata was of course not contemplated. It cannot be denied that the conditions plainly pointed to cautious and deliberate negotiations as the way of prudence and safety. It very soon became apparent, however, that delay and too much delib eration did not suit the temper and spirit of sturdy Americans chafing under a sense of wrong and convinced that they were entitled to prompt assistance. The inhabitants of our territory bounded on the west side by the Mississippi, In a memorial addressed to the President, Senate and House of Representatives, after reciting their discouraging condi tion and expressing their faith in the Government's disposition to extend the necessary aid, closed their memorial with these significant words: "And so far as may depend on ourselves, we tender to our country our lives and fortunes In support ot such measures as Congress may deem necessary to vindicate the hon or and protect the interests of the United States. The settlers In the "states west of the Alleghany Mountains" also In a memorial to the" Government clearly In dicating their Impatience "and readiness tor extreme action, declared that prompt and decisive measures were necessary, and referred to the maxim that protection and allegiance are reciprocal, as being particularly applicable to their situation. They concluded their statement with these solemn words: "Without interfering In, the measures that have been adopted to. bring about tho amicable arrangement of. a difference which has grown out of the gratuitous violation of a solemn treaty, they desire that the United States may explicitly understand that their condition is critical: that the delay of a single sea son would be ruinous to their country, and that an Imperious necessity may conse quently oblige them. If they receive no aid. to adopt themselves the measures that may appear to them calculated to protect their commerce even though those measures should produce conse quences unfavorable to the harmony of the Confederacy." Jefferson Abandons Cantlon. These representations emphasized tha apprehension of those charged with gov ernmental affairs, that the course of de liberate caution and waiting, which up to that time had appeared to be the only one permissible, might be insufficient to meet the situation; and that whatever the result might be, a more pronounced Sositlon and more urgent action should e entered upon. President Jefferson wrote to a friend on the 1st of Febru ary. 1S03: "Our circumstances ore so Imperious as to admit of no delay, as to our course, and the use of tho Missis sippi, so indispensable that we cannot hesitate one moment to hazard our exist ence for Its maintenance." He appointed an additional envoy to co-operate with our representative already at the French capital. In an attempt to obtain a con cession that would cure the difficulty and In a communication to him, after refer ring to the excitement caused by the withdrawal of the right of deposit, ho thus characterized the condition wnicp. no believed confronted the Nation: "On the event of this mission depend the future destinies of this Republic. It we "can rot by a purchase of the country Insure to ourselves a course of perpetual peace and friendship with all nations, then as war cannot be distant, it behooves us immediately to be preparing for that course though not hastening It." I have not recited these details for WHO KNOWS When His Kidney Trouble Has Fastened ,and Reached the Chronic Stage? If It Has It Is Incurable by Anything Kb own Except the Fulton Compoaads We Are the Soe Agcats. As an evidence of the unusual character ot the Fulton Compounds that company does not publish or invite testimonials, except those re porting recoveries In Wdijey diseases that hAV reached the chronic stage, alleged to be Incur able. Here Is another recovery In a case In curable till the advent of tha Fulton 'Com pounds, reported by Johns & Johnson, the agents of the Fulton Compounds In Los. Gatos: W. iT- Fridley, a resident of Los Gatos, having chronic kidney disease (right's Dis ease), had, like everybody else, found all treat ment futile. Ke commenced on Fulton's Renal Compound In FeViV, 1002, and on December 10 of tha same yeaflreported the total disap pearance of the dlsJ5e. He wrltea that ha has sained fifteen pounds In weight, and Is again able to do a rood hard day's work. Johns & Johnson, the Los Gates druggist, confirm this recovery and know ot several other recovrtes in similar cases of chronic kidney disease in Los Gatos. all of which were Incurable by any thing else known to druggists. S. A. Falmer, the leading druggist ot Santa Cruz; H. H. Maynard, thu Fetaluma. druggist; the Tenr Drug Company of No. 8, Market street, San Francisco; "V. R. Fond, the Berkeley druggist; Dr. Markley, the Cloverdale dragglst; Wills & MartTn, the Sacramento druggists, and scores of other California druggist all report spe cific recoveries in chronic kidney diseases that were positively Incurable by anythlagv kaown except the Fulton Compound. Dropsy, rheumatism from uric acid, gout and bladder troubles are proofs that the kidneys ere not performing their function. The chroale stage of kidney trouble is Bright dleeace. It you feel languid or . miserable. If your kidney trouble hangs on, send for pamphlet. Per centage of recoverWs nearly SO per cent among purdy chronic cases. Fultoh'a Renal Compound for Bright' and Kidney Diseases, for Diabetes. $L3Q John J. Fulton Co.. -Washington street, San Francisco, sole eopeters. Free analyse for patienUi "We are the ot agents for the Fulton Coa6BC la tHa dtyfen WOODARD. CLARKE CO..Drsggls ith and TCashlagtoa ate, FertUad, OrP-