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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 6, 1902)
B THE MOBftINQ OBEOpNIAK SATTJBDAY, SEPTEMBER 3, '1902. JSnUred at the Postofflce at Portland. Oregon, as second-class matter. REVISED SUBSCRIPTION RATES. By Mall (postage prepaid. In -Advance) Dally, with Sunday, per month 85 Dally. Sunday excepted, per year - oO Dally, -with Sunday, per year J 00 Sunday, per year - OO The Weekly. per year 1 JjO The Weekly, Z months. w To City Subscribers Dally per week, delivered. Sunday execpted.l3e Dally, per -week, delivered.' Sundays lncludedOo POSTAGE RATES. United States, Canada and Mexico: 10 to 14-page paper U to 28-page paper 20 Foreign rats double. News or discussion Intended for publication Sa The Oregonian should be addressed Invaria bly "Editor The Oregonian," not to the name of any Individual. Letters relating to adver tising, subscriptions or to any business matter sfcould be addressed simply "The Oregonian." Eastern Business Office. 43, 44. 45. 47, 48. 49 Tribune building. New Tork City; 510-11-12 Tribune building. Chicago; the S. C. Beckwlth Special Agency. Eastern representative. Tor sale In San Francisco by L. E. Lee. Fal se Hotel news stand; Goldsmith Bros., "236 Butter street; F. "W. Pitts, 1008 Market street; J. X. Cooper Co.. 746 Market street, near the Palace Hotel; Foster & Orear. Ferry newa ptand; Frank Scott. 80 Ellis street, and N. "Wheatley. 813 Mission street. For sale In Los Angeles by B. F. Gardner, 259 South Spring street, and Oliver & Haines, 805 South Spring street. For sale in Kansas City. Mo., by RIcksecker fclgar Co.. Ninth and Walnut streets. For sale In Chicago by the P. O. News Co.. 217 Dearborn street, and Charles MacDonald. 63 Washington street. For sale In Omaha by Barkalow Bros., 1612 Farnam street; Megeath Stationery Co., 1308 Farnam street. For sale In Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News Co., 77 West Second South street. For sale in Minneapolis by R. G. Hearsey & Co.. 24 Third street South. For sale In Washington. D. C, by the Ebbett House news stand. For sale In Denver. Colo., by Hamilton & Xendrlck, 000-912 Seventeenth street; Louthan & Jackson Book & Stationary Co.. Fifteenth and Lawrence streets; A. Series, Sixteenth and Curtis streets. TODAY'S WEATHER Fair; slightly warm er; winds mostly northerly. YESTERDAY'S WEATHER Maximum tem perature. SI; minimum temperature, C3; pre cipitation, none, i PORTLAND, SATURDAY, SEPT. 6. THE INSTINCT OP HOSPITALITY. The spectacular presentment of good fellowship, clad in purple and stepping gaily to the music of brass bands, is an interesting eight. More than this. It Is exhilarating, since it presents human nature In Its most genial aspect. An occasion that calls out a large number of people arrayed in their best clothes and on their good behavior as partici pants, and a greater number similarly equipped as spectators, Is in a sense a great occasion. Pervading and ruling it are the neighborly Instincts of cordial ity and hospitality, .too often subordi-J nated in -.these strenuous, gainful days to business cares and political strivings. Far Removed from the ' methods by which hospitality was shown in times past is the tender of this rite in this city today to the strangers within its gates, "but we are glad to believe that the feel ing that prompts its expression. Is the same, shorn not one whit of .its hearti ness. The rural host who in a former generation met his guests k wagon full of neighbors from several miles distant at the gate, bade them alight, busied himself with helping to unhitch the team and led the way to the stable, where 6tall andoats were free, while his good wife met the visitors at the door with cordial welcome, having bid den them "make themselves at home," and hurried off to the kitchen on hos pitable thoughts intent, forms a mem ory picture that hangs upon many a mud wall. But it certainly need not lie Tecalled with regret, while men and women under fraternal bonds reach an appointed place by train and steamer literally by thousands, are met at the gates by reception committees and bras3 bands, and escorted to places provided for their accommodation and entertain ment. The spirit of hospitality was diffused in the humble home of the pioneer In making room at the family table for unexpected guests; In dividing the fam ily bedding and Improvising the shake down for the children that the "com pany" might have the best; In the wid ened circle about the "Winter's fireside to give the visitors room. There was self-denial in this hospitality, and in extending It not a little additional labor was Involved, but it was truly said that it was "no trouble," since true hospi tality is based upon the fact that noth ing, is troublesome that is done will ingly. It Is the essence of such hospi tality as this that has percolated through the years and Is dispensed full flavored to guests that, under specific names denoting fraternal, religious or educational associations, find their way to a common point for mutual encour agement and enjoyment. Citizens of Portland who have met their thousands of visitors during the present week on the broad basis of hospitality and good cheer have en joyed the occasion not less than have the visitors whom they have been glad to greet There is nothing especially creditable in this, as It represents the spontaneity of Inherited hospitality. It would have been distinctly discredita ble, however, to have withheld this cor dial greeting, as It would have Indicated a decline in the spirit of hospitality that neither the individual nor the commu city can suffer without serious and even pitiful deterioration. True hospitality does not fliave to seek its opportunity. It has only to arise to meet it; and this It never fails to do. The Salem Journal, referring again to the contest last Spring in the Repub lican party of Oregon, says: Everybody knows that the Portland who were for anything to beat Senator Simon and fchr friends, deliberately picked on Furnish because he had money to put Into the fight to carry tne primaries In Portland. This Is just what everybody doesn know. It is Just what nobody knows. Because It isn't true. Mr. Furnish sup plied not one dollar for the primaries in Portland. Not one dollar was used by the victorious side In those primar ies. There was no money not a dime from any quarter. The primaries were carried simply on an appeal to the peo pie, mainly through The Oresronlan "The Portland crowd" did not "nick on Furnish" till long after the primaries. In the primaries there was no thought of him. when the state convention 1 met there was long deliberation among "the Portland crowd" over the ques tion whether Furnish should have the support of the county delegation, or not. For reasons heretofore stated by The Oregonian. is was decided, finally. give nim the support of the delegation though it was not unanimous, and the unit rule was not enforced. But it useless to thresh thi9 old straw over and , -over. It contributes, however, greatly to the spread of political Immorality When public Journals persist In the as sertion though utterly unfounded that political bodies composed of the beet men in the state are controlled by cor ruption, or. plainly, by use of money. Such charges, false as in this case, may be eurely taken as a mirror of the minds that make thern. LIGHT BREAKING AT YAO,UINA. Among all the thrones, crowns, med als and prizes that encumber while they ornament and make gay the local at mosphere, some reward of merit should be conferred upon the Toledo man, B. F. Jones by name, who stood " for an Interview in yesterday's issue of The Oregonian. Mr. Jones has lived in Lin coln County for over thirty years, and he brings the news from the tradition ally ambitious, clamorous and plaintive Yaqulna BSy region that it has about abandoned the search for prosperity through the channels of Government aid, transcontinental railroads, etc., in favor of an effort to build up productive industry. A more promising outlooic coujd not be wished for any new country, and it Is earnestly to be hoped that Mr. Jones knows what he is talking about. "We have been trying," he says, "to boom and to sell land and town, lots at fancy prices on the probability of a railroad or a deep channel at the entrance to Taquina Bay. We have kept that up for a great many years, but It made us slow progress. In the meantime we neglected some of the opportunities for development, which will later result in the building up of a commerce at Ta quina Bay." But all this is to be changed. Even the historical demand of the Bay for a deep harbor Is appar ently recognized as a case of the cart before the horse. If they will only pro vide the business, they think the harbor will come fast enough. As Mr. Jones puts it, the reason theBay has not had more commerce Is not due to lack of depth of water, for there Is twenty-two feet of water, which Is only four feet less than on the Columbia. The diffi culty has been that there was nothing to ship from Yaqulna Bay. He feels confident that as soon as there is a commercial demand for a deeper chan nel at Yaqulna, the Government will 'provide the money that will be needed for that purpose. "We recommend this sterling gospel of self-help to the people of Portland and all Oregon. Energy enough has been employed, in battling the Government and the railroads and the rich men to have added half a million to the popu lation of the state and vastly increased both Its wealth and its productiveness. "We especially commend the logical char acter of this recipe for community progress to the people of Astoria. Power enough has gone to waste turning wind mills of "common point," anti-Portland and anti-O. R. & N., censuring every body for not making a- great city at As toria, to have doubled the DODUlatlon and weafth of Clatsop county. The people to build up a city are the people of the city. The way to get harbors Is to make trade. The way to make trade is to work up something to sell. All the railroads in the world and fifty feet on the bar will be powerless to help a place, that can't offer anything for ex port but growls. Yaqulna Bay has been notable offender In this respect. If it will follow the trail blazed out by Representative Jones, it wjll soon cease to have cause of complaint. ANTECEDENTS OF NEW ENGLAND ANTIS. After all that has--happened, it is a trifle disappointing to be again assured by the "New England Anti-Imperialist League" that that body refuses to die or even to pass into Innocuous desue tude. Its members are, it appears, still on the warpath. The activity of the society, however, is to be largely re stricted to Massachusetts, whence near ly all Its more recent ebullitions have proceeded. This is not strange, or even unprecedented, for Massachusetts was conspicuous In the War of 1812-14 for the unpatriotic attitude of-her most em inent and influential citizens. This fact is generally known, but the detailed history of the conduct of the anti-war faction of New England In 1812-14 is not familiar to the ordinary reading public, and has been freshly told by Professor Gordy in his "History of Po litical Parties In the United States," which has Just been published. Nobody can read this history without feeling that Jefferson was not far wrong when he said that if the War of 1812 had lasted a year longer It would have upset the Federal Government. Noth ing but the peace signed at Ghent saved It from its foes in New England. Govt emor" Strong, of Massachusetts, was a British champion who could discover nothing in the attitude of Great Britain to justify the Federalists in urging a vigorous prosecution of the war. The New England Federalists refused to subscribe to the Government war loans, while at the same time they were buying bills of the British Government and shipping specie to Canada, and In the Autumn of 1814 they refused to pay Federal taxes or permit the New Eng land militia to be commanded by Fed eral officers. On the 10th of October, 1814, the Boston Sentinel, the leading Federal paper of Massachusetts, de clared the Union was practically dis solved, and that the people of New England must arise in their might and protect themselves. On December 14, 1814, a New England convention met at Hartford, Conn. . This convention was attended by twelve delegates appor tioned by the Massachusetts Legisla ture, seven from Connecticut and four from Rhode Island. There- were also ten delegates appointed by local conven tlons In New Hampshire, and one dele gate from "Vermont. The programme of .these extreme Federalists was to compel the Government to permit the states to carry on the war as Individual states, in order to bring about either the overthrow of Madison's Administra tion or a dissolution of the Union. This Hartford convention declared that in case laws passed by Congress should be, In the opinion of the people of New England, "deliberate, dangerous and palpable Infractions of the Constitu tion," the states were "to Interpose their authority" for the purpose of nullifying the actions of the General Government. This was precisely the position which had been taken by Kentucky in 1798, and was afterwards taken by Calhoun In South Carolina in 1830. This Hart ford convention complained that the New England States had to provide for their own defense, and at the same time pay taxes to the General, Government, when the truth was that the General Government had refused to bear the ex penses of the state militia only because their State. Executives refused to put them under the control of the Federal Administration. The Hartford conven tion undoubtedly favored the with fclrawal from the Union of New England and 5uch states as sympathized with it. and. the -establishment of a Northern Confederacy. This was- the voice of the . respectable classes of New England at: a time when Great Britain Tefused j peace except on dishonorable and de grading terms. The life of the Nation was in danger, and yet the statesmen of New England were so utterly unpatri otic that they exhorted their section, that, In case the Government violated the Constitution in its effort to defend the Nation, theyshould arise in their sovereignty and defeat Its action. It Is an Interesting fact that -the Tories of New England In 1776 represented the best-educated, most Intelligent class of the population, both as to personal char acter and property. It Is true that the Tories of New England in 1812-14 In cluded a large majority of the moBt in telligent and Influential citizens, aiiult Is true that the Antl-Imperlallst party of Massachusetts Is today conspicuous for being largely composed of men of superior education, culture and personal character. There Is nothing remarkable In this fact, for men of scholastic attainments and superior culture have a natural tendency to become hypercritical, to lose the spirit of sound political policy In their narrow Insistence on the letter. Massachusetts has bred many such men, and they have always failed of public usefulness In important times. Webster was so broad a man that' even in J812-14 he never became an extreme Federalist, and all his days he showed quick capacity to stand, by the Nation. But Webster's breadth was not freshly illustrated by Sumner and men of his hypercritical school of statesmen. The father of the anti-imperialist school of Massachusetts political doctrinaires was Sumner, an idealist and a man of nar row, hypercritical temper. Senator Hoar, when he talks today about the Chinese exclusion policy or the Philippine War, speaks in the accents of Sumner. He is an Idealist of the Sumner" school, with a better command of his temper than Sumner ever had, and with a better mastery of the legal profession than. Sumner had obtained. But the political philosophy of Senator Hoar and all the other anti-Imperialists harks back to that political idealist of hypercritical temper, Charles Sumner. ANCIENT MAN IN AMERICA. An interesting story was that given In yesterday's paper ,of the discovery of stone Implements under the roots of an aged cedar tree near the mouth of the Columbia River. These relics of prehistoric man will have great scien tific value, though of a contributory rather than original significance. Hu man relics are not infrequent in Pleisto cene formations, as those Immediately preceding the supposed advent of man are termed, but the time at which man may have appeared In North America Is put somewhere in the neighborhood of 150,000 years ago. Certainly this, lat itude was inhabited toward the close of the glacial epoch, as evidences re maining In Minnesota, New Jersey, Delaware. Ohio, Indiana and elsewhere testify. It is of Important significance upon the geographical aspect of this Column bla River discovery that the celebrated Calaveras ekuU of California isyme of the bits of testimony that have induced some paleontologists to date man's en trance here at much earlier than 150,000 years ago. It does not greatly signify, therefore, whether Mr. Nielson's cedar Is 500 or1000 years old. Eciuallyriricon- 'cluslve are; the'lmplements themselves. for just such thlpgs were In use In North America within recent times. It is one of the puzzles of relic-hunters to uess at the age of stone relics- they find. An arrowhead or stone knife may be a century or many centuries old. ' As to the Inhabitants of those early times, little Is likely to be proved of them contrary to the general theory, that they originally came here afoot from Europe or Asia when Behring Sea and the Norton Atlantic were dry land, not later than 5000 to 6000 years ago, and that from them all the peoples of the New World in 1492 had descended, under widely differing conditions of de velopment, with the sole exception of the Esquimaux, who are a modern branch of the ancient Cave Men of Europe. If Mr. Neilson can find a skull under his cedar like European or Asiatic skulls and unlike those of the Red race of North America, he will hear from Pro fessor Wortman at Yale In short order. PRIMER CLASS IN GRAIN TRADE. A grain brokerage firm at Walla Walla, In a circular Issued under date of September 1, has. among- . other things, the following: There Is one thing those who have grain to sell do not exactly understand, and we think It is up to the exporters or The Oregonian to ex plain, why Is It that cash or spot wheat In San Francisco Is quoted at 115 per .cental, or 68 cents a bushel, and club and bluestem at Port land and on the Sound are quoted at CI and 63 cents, respectively? The difference Is too much. Wheat for December delivery at San Francisco Is selling at 113 per cental, or higher than It Is at Chicago. The author of the circular errs when he says It is "up to The Oregonian to explain," etc. This paper has explained this matter so often that practically all of the farmers of the Northwest know that It Is Impossible for any such dif ference as Is mentioned to exist when freights and grades are the same ai the two ports, San Francisco and Portland. The Walla Walla broker, however, by his Ignorance discloses the fact that he Is a new arrjval, slightly unfamillaF with the business, and for his benefit as well as for others equally Ignorant, a few facts regarding wheat prices are presented. On August 30, the last business day prior to the publication of the circular, No. 1 shipping wheat in San Francisco was quoted at 112 to 113 per cental, or 67 to 68 cents per bushel. The quotations on Walla Walla wheat at Portland on that date were 61 cents, with nothing, obtainable except at higher prices. Spot tonnage at Port land was held firm at 27s 6d, with lower offers refused. Spot tonnage In San Francisco was weak at 23 shillings, the last fixture, the French ship Socoa, be ing made at that figure, and 22s 6d the best rate obtainable since. Everything else being equal, wheat would accord ingly be worth 3 cents per bushel more In San Francisco than In Portland. But other conditions are not equal, for on the date mentioned Walla Walla car goes for prompt shipment were quoted at 28 shillings, while California cargoes in same position were quoted at 29 shil lings per quarter, a difference of 3 cents per bushel in favor of the Cali fornia wheat. This, added to the 3 cents' differential on freights, makes a total of 6 cents per bushel. Deducting jjhls from the highest 'quotation In San Francisco on the date mentioned, and It would seem that wheat in Portland on that date should have been worth 62 cents per bushel. As none could be pur chased at 61 cents, it is highly .probable that It would hare commanded nearly that much had any sales been reported. California buyers have for a long time been figuring cn a good demand from France, their white wheats having a good reputation there, while Walla Walla la not In correspondingly good favor. They perhaps discounted the fu ture a little by paying 67 to 68 cents for wheat, but their Judgment has since been vindicated by the course of Ihe market, for yesterday California car goes for prompt shipment were quoted At 29s 6d, while Walla Walla were quoted at 28s 3d in the regular market quotations, or 3 cents per bushel lower than California. This explains all of the difference except a scant half-cent, and as a combine known as the "big four" is reported to be .paying fancy prices in California in order to cinch a few small buyers who have ships to fill, the remainder of the difference can easily be accounted for. Shipowners and Liverpool buyers have It In their power to make a dif ference of 7 cents per bushel between California and Walla Walla wheat, but there is tiothlng In local conditions which caa remedy this seeming dis crimination. Less than a year ago freights in San Fsranclsco were higher than they were in Portland, and at that time wheat In Portland sold higher than in San Francisco. . When similar condi tions return, the present differential will again shrink. In another column on this page ap pears a notable article" on the salmon Industry, reprinted from the Chicago Inter Ocean. Its facts are not new, though In the main correct, but the no tice our salmon problem Is receiving in Eastern papers generally is a forcible reminder of the blessing we Incurred when -artificial propagation was accept ed as a substitute for the ancient and dishonorable regime of "dog eat dog," when it was every salmon man's relig ion to prevent his neighbor from getting any fish. Hatcheries and rigid enforce ment of ample closed seasons are doing the business. Occasionally a rumble of .the old hostilities is heard. . Mr. Seufert, for exampler fulminated the other day against fishing on the bar, but this con templates a plan which Is doubtless quite as improbable and possibly as anarchistic as the Christian desires of the gillnetters to achieve the destruc tion of Mr. Seufert's own property and livelihood by law. Holllster McGuIre bullded better than he knew In getting the artificial propagation of salmon rec ognized and supported by the packers themselves, for he promoted peace in a previously warlike Industry as well as added to the country's wealth. His life was lost in the labor of locating hatch eries, and. his noblest monument will be amity among the interests he so signally served In life and death. It is both pleasing and disconcerting to read that the Wisconsin Democrats begin the campaign under the auspices of a state convention at which the offi cial slate was broken in several places, and one man who was assigned, to with draw from the ticket defiantly persisted in holding to the nomination. " The beauty of- this arrangement Is that all good citizens can be called upon to glory in and eupporta ticket which was so manifestly the work of the dear peo pie themselves. If there was any slate It was. "broken thrpugh the free play of the Democratic doctrine of popular gov ernroent. Every elementof the parjy.ls recognized, no bosses for Democrats, etc. etc. t The awkward thing, of course, is that thus has been swept away an almost equal if not superior arrange ment under which the beauty of har mony anda united and triumphant De mocracy could be dwelt upon. These things are ' funny' enough 1500 miles away. Plttsfleld is chagrined that her "good reputation has been put to the blush by the Presidential accident, and moves in the direction of a municipal holiseclean ing. We shall undertake to say that wnatever good reputation she has hlth erto rejoiced In has been due to lack of general information upon her many Interesting qualities. But that has passed with the drawn curtain of pub licity. Plttsfleld wished, It appears, to have, the. cars stopped during the Pres Identlal drive, but hadn't the power or resolution. It is even more illuminative to learn .that the Judge before whom the offending motorman and conductor were arraigned is none other than the presi dent of the Etreet-car company Itself. In the light of these revelations, the further announcement that the case cannot even be reached until January will occasion no surprise. Several Washington counties are up in arms against proposed increase In railway assessments, for various cogent reasons that involve financial losses to the counties themselves from too radi cal action at Olympla. Meanwhile the railroad employes are taking a hand, under the excusable Impression that higher taxes and lower freight rates bode no good to the payroll. If Gover nor McBrlde really thlnkshe can clncb the railroads without the process having any Indirect result on other Interests with which railroads are closely allied, he Is in a fair way to find out his error. Anti-railway movements are apt to partake of the Intellectual acumen of the Portlander who thinks frtse bridges incur no expense, or the populist with his schemes of "costless currency." Let us urge upon every citizen Inter ested In Oregon's progress that he at tend the address to be given by Presi dent Maxwell, of the National Irrigation Association, at the Mining Exchange next Monday night. Correct and ade quate information Is the prerequisite to understanding and right action on any subject, and this Is what Mr. Maxwell's talk will supply on one of the most vital and hopeful problems before the far West. It ha3 taken a good deal of work to get recognition, which Congress haa at length accorded our arid lands, and the least th metropolis ojt the Pacific and Rocky Mountain Northwest can do Is to testify Its appreciation of those efforts. ' The wisdom of a continuation of the President's Journeylngs at this time may well be considered doubtful. Even the phenomenal energy of Theodore Roosevelt has Its limitations. Having just completed a tour of New England that for strenuousness could not be ex ceeded by a political campaign, winding up with an accident from which he nar rowly escaped with his life, and which naturally gave him a great shock, he might with great propriety and certain ly without offense to the people of the South remain quietly at his home on Sagamore HM until the demands of public business aeain call him to Wash Ingtoi. GISf OF" THE STRIKE ISSUES, j In the last number" of the Outlook la an article by Frank Julian "Warne ort The Real Cause of the Miners' Strike," which is the most clear and Intelligible of all the statements of the case that have come under our notice- Every one who wants to know the historical gene sis and present phase of the troubles in the anthracite coal. field should read.lt. We can do not better, In summarizing It, than to use the work of the Boston Her ald, as follows: There are three fields of operation In the anthracite ' region, the Lehigh, tHe Schuylkill and the Wyoming. .Tea years after the close of the Civil War the railroads entering .these regions became coal land owners and mining companies: At that time and before the miners were native Americans, Englishmen, Welsh men, Germans and Irishmen. The good wages were attractive to all these,, and they prospered. But when the. railroads came la as direct competitors with the independent operators they Introduced Slavs from Austria-Hungary and South western Russia. They came-wtthout wive3 or families. They were brought In in debt to the- railroad mining companies, their labor having been contracted for abroad. The Slavs were satisfied to live In the meanest manner as regards lodg ing, clothing and food. These entered into competition with English-speaking miners who had wives and families, whose wages had been already reduced so that it was a struggle to live in a decent American Way. Since that time the constant effort of the coalmining companies has been to substitute the Slavs, who have no domes tic life, who live gregariously In huts and shanties, satisfied to keep body and soul together by the scantiest means, for English-speaking miners. The lowest wage that will support an English-speak? Ing miner with a wife and children .In a little house of three or four rooms, for which he pays $( a month rent, is about 520 a month. The Slav can support him self Inhls way on $10 a month. Conse quentjy'the Slavs, with the steady en couragement of the railroads, have been crowding out the English-speaking min ers, and long ago practically succeeded In doing so In the Lehigh and Schuylkill regions. But the English-speaking miners have so. far managed to maintain them selves in the Wyoming region, a beauti ful country, to which they are strongly attached. In their struggle against the cheap la bor Imported by the railroad companies to aid them In forcing the Independent mlneowners to give up business, the English-speaking miners formed a union. This was for some time limited to this class; but in recent years they discov ered that, in order to be effective, it was necessary to associate the Slavs with themselves and make a stand -together for a minimum wage for all miners that would enable the English-speaking min ers, practically Americans, to live Recent ly. The Slavs, whose manner of life en abled them to be satisfied with lower wages, were not brought Into the union easily, but they were, after much labor, persuaded. Hence it was that In the strike of 1900, which was cut short for -political reasons, both classes of miners were for the first time engaged together, as they are in the present strike. The American miners (American in language and In manner of life) are yet a con trolling majority In the union, and they have made the strike In order to main tain and safeguard their Inherent right to work for a living wage. If Mr. Warne knows twhat he is talking about, the representation that Jhls Is" a strike pre cipitated by the foreigners, and is disap proved of by tho Americans, is substan tially untrue. The Americans are mak ing a desperate struggle for living wages. In which the Lithuanians," Poles and oth er cheap workers' have far less concern. The railroads In the coalmining busi- ness have, meantime, effected a combi nation that gives them a practical mo nopoly of the whole coalmining business. Every independent operator- of a mine Is dependent on the monopoly. He has to submit to its exactions or he cannot do business.. His "inherent right" to fair competition in a free market Is ruined by the trust. He has no more chance of free competition In the sale of his product than the proprietor of an Inde pendent oil business has to compete with the Standard Oil Company. All the time the monopoly has been grinding the American miners in 'a variety of ways. While wages have not been reduced nomi nally, they have been reduced actually by a series of unjust impositions fully set forth by Mr. Warne, which constitute grievances. Redress of these alleged op pressive grievances was tho motive of the strike of 1900. and Is the motive of the present strike. Some of the things asked for by the miner are these: He wants a ton of 2240 pounds, instead of a ton of 2800 pounds or more; he asks that the coal he mines be weighed Instead of es timated by the employer; he asks that he may have a representative to see that the weight and dockage are fair; he asks for a minimum wage; he asks for recognition of the union. In order that he may be represented in settling the questions continually arising between miner and employer (we believe this de mand has been waived), and for gaining the support of the Slavs an eight-hour day with ten hours' pay was asked. This Is a demand that does not affect the "min ers," whoseldom work eight hours a day, but does affect the "laborers," who are naarly all Slavs. Mr. Warne says that the aim of the miners is to control wages, and lri that way the labor market. In or der to maintain a high .standard of living. The miner wants ,a high wage system, the operator wants a low wage system. Between the two the union believes there Is a Just and equitable medium, which could be ascertained by arbitration. To this tho railroad mining companies will not agree, because they believe that "If the monopoly of the union can be de stroyed the union's control of the Slavs will be lost, competition of labor with labor will set in, the railroads, controlling the source of the labor through Immigra tion, will be able to Introduce a still great er overauppiy or laoor, and a fall In waeefl will be Inevitable." This statement indi cates that the railroad companies in the coal business desire to flood the labor market with Slavs for the same Teason that certain other large employers of la bor desire to flood the labor market with Chinese. Mr. Hewitt's concern appears to be for the Inherent right of Slavs to labor in the coal fields of America at the price of depriving Americans of their na tive right to a fair opportunity of living an American me. Mr. Warne ends hl3 article In these woros: The whole situation, as presented by tho strike of the anthracite mlneworkers. Is summed ud in the statement that the operators want to buy their labor as cheap as possible this nuanlng to tne miners a low wage and a low standard of living: while the miners' union Is striving to selllaboT as dear as possible In order to sup port as high & standard of living as possible this meaning to the operators a high price for the commodity and tne necessity of either re ducing the cost of mining la. some other quar ter or of reducing profits. Between these two points of view the operators maintain there Is no middle ground. This Is what Is meant when thy say "there Is nothing to arbitrate." Any kind of a compromise, even the granting of a single demand of the union, means to support a high standard of living. If left to these two parties, the only solution Is a resort to phys ical force to war until one or the other side is completely exhausted. The wonder Is that the public the great arbiter of Just, such con ditionsstands idly by and permits the two an tagonising Interests to. carry on such a devas tating struggle In Its midst. "Thus It appears' "is the Brooklyn Her ald's conclusion, " that what the coal monopoly will not arbitrate Is its right to degrade the standard of American labor and life to that of the lowest foreign Ja borers who can be Induced to come Into the country." Tne TriHmph of Richmond. j Richmond Times. Richmond is fairly revelling in pros perity. SUCCESS 0F-SA&M0N PROPAGATION Chicago Inter Ocean. A striking illustration of the benefit of the fish hatchery system Is found In re ports of the salmon Indusby on the Pacific Coast. The output of the Puget Sound canneries will be 400,000 eases, against 1,100.000 last year, whereas there Is an In crease In the output of the Columbia River canneries of SO per cent, the catch for the season amounting to 29,000,000 pounds. Last year 1.000,000 salmon were j takVn In Columbia River, and this year 1,300,000, the nsh averaging 22 pounds. The Increase of salmon in the Columbia River Is due wholly to the hatcheries es tablished by the state governments of Oregon -and Washington and -fostered by the National Governments In 1S97 about 2.500,000 sahnon fry were turned out of the Clackamas hatchery, and many of these were marked. In 1901 these marked fish entered the river, and the artificially prop n gate. 4 salmon from Clackamas and other hatcheries came in such numbers late in the season as to block the canneries for three weeks, and turned" what promised to be a disastrous year Into a successful one. This .year the artificially propagated sal mon have entered the river In still greater numbers, and have given the Columbia River canneries a prosperous season, whereas there Is a-ajiortage on the Sound, on Fraser River ofrid in Alaska waters. Another advantage of the. hatchery sys tem is an Increase In the supply of early salmon, or of fish that enter the river in April, May and June. Before the estab lishment of the hatcheries fishing opera tions had almost depleted the Columbia River of early salmon, because the fish making Utelr appearance In tho first months of the season were canght before they could reach the spawning waters, and only the late fish found their way to the streams where natural propagation takes place. This made the run of fish later with each succeeding year. After the hatcherites had been in opera tion three or four-ears the early run of fish was resumed, and this was f great benefit to the fishermen, because It gave them a' supply at a time when prices were the highest. This year another shoal of little salmon, marked, will be turned loose, and they are expected to reach the Columbia by 1903, or possibly 1S05. New hatcheries have been established with the hope that the early supply of Chinook salmon will be restored within the next four or five years. If artificial propagation can do so much for the Columbia River canneries. It mav do as much for other localities, and al ready the Government Is giving the closest attention to the Alaska salmon nainrriets wnien as eariy as- law repre sentee an output of .60,000,000 pounds,, with 4j,wo,oo pounds golnn into cans. The same system has been of great ad vantage in keeping up the supply of lake fish., In 1897 the Government hatcheries turned into the several creat lakes 8.1.000. 000 whltefish fry, and In the last two vears. It Is claimed, whltefish have been more aDunflant In several of the lakes, and they certainly have been more abundant in the southern part of Lake Michigan. although this has been credited to the drainage canal. Nothing is more Important to the people of this country than the supply of food fish. While many of the food animals have been exterminated, the several states and the National Government are taking cure inac tne supply of food fish shall be kept up to the demand, and reports from v-oiumoia ttiver would indicate that they are succeeding. The Government distrib utes annually over 100.000.000 flab, eggs and neany 5w.wu.wo fry and fingerlihgs. American "Arrogance." New York Journal of Commerce Our esteemed contemporary, the Kreuz Zeitung, of Germany, Is considerably out of the way when It discusses our Na tional "arrogance," and very much more so when it attributes .this to any form of "Puritanical, belief regarding our des tiny and. our mission. The pointy at which ve rame in contact witn -Europeans Is simpiy commercial rivalry. Tharo is nothing arrogant about our increasing our Dusmess or reducing the cost of produc tion to a point at which we can compete wun Europeans, just now the Intensity or tne domestic demand Is diverting at. tentlon from the foreign trade, and In stead of alarming Germany by sending steel thither, we are now contributing to the ret-ival of the German Iron and steel trade by importations from Germanv. It adds nothing to the German paper's repu tation for good sense to talk about our "Puritanical belief In the United States God-given mission and its own Invulner able position." Most nations believe strongly In themselves: even Germany has used language of Itself which has struck some foreigners as arrogant. Besides". Germany has been cutting into British trade, and so doing the Identical thing for which the Kreuz Zeitung i3 upbraiding us and our "arrogance." Mothereddylsm and Shoes. New York Sun. At the state fair In Concord. N. H., a representative of Mrs. Mary Baker G. jddy, the prophetess of that town, gave a- pair of shoes to each poor child. Doubtless this was a piece of praise worthy benevolence, but a woman of the gifts of Mother Eddy might do a much greater and farther-reaching act of charity. Why should people have the bother and expense of buying shoes? Were it not for sin, erroneous notions, want oi: faith and a foolish yielding to matter, "the barefoot might esteem them selves shod, and so have shoes at com mand. Shoes are only a detail, but they are a mighty Important one lh the ac counts of households full of children and feet. Christian Science would make a noble beginning of the conversion" of the world and place Itself upon a solid foot ing if Mrs. Eddy would teaclvthe art of shoeing children by means of Talth. McKlnley'a Last Speech. Washington Star. (Mr. Shaw says that the reciprocity speech of Mr. McKlnley at Buffalo has been misrepresented. In what way and by whom? Is It the Secretary's opinion that Mr. McKInloy on that occasion laid down merely an academic proposition? The speech is very far from encouraging that Interpretation. Mr. McKlnley not only declared for reciprocity, but gave It as his opinion that the time had arrived for the Inauguration of the policy by the United States. There seems to be the fullest warrant for the belief. Indeed, that had he lived he would have embodied In his annual message to Congress a recom mendation that an immediate start be made In that direction. Does Mr. Shaw . hold differently? If so. hjs views at some length on that point would be read with very great Interest by the country. Should Be Encouraged. Minneapolis Tribune. The Seattle Chamber of Commerce has started a timely movement to help Alaska by securing legislation in the next Con gress to give that territory a delegate on the floor, to modify the land laws so that fho agricultural resources may be de veloped, to 'make Alaska a lighthouse dis trict, to Increase the safety of navigation, etc. Seattle is, of course, more immedi ately Interested In the development of Alaska than Minneapolis Is, but the whole country is in favor of promoting the de velopment of its wonderful resources. Congress has neglected It too long. The Seattle movement should be encouraged. JTot Good Advisers. Providence Journal. Some of President Roosevelt's worst blunders since he entered the White House have been due to his taking the advice of the Republican Senators. If he Is following the direction of Senators Ald rlch and Lodgef as the New York Trib une declares, in making no reference to the tariff In his consideration of the trust question, perhaps there Is another addi tion to be made to the ll NOTE AND COMMENT. The President of the United States -has the rlsht of way. Bryan may not be a candidate, but no man .shall say it for him. . Kruger is the only Boer who still has his Dutch up, and he didn't fight. Even 23 cents is getting to be .a small price for hops. It is too near 30 cents. - Now we shall sec whether the advocates of the other sites are the stubborn men: After all. It wasn't so hard to choose a site. There's nothing like getting down to business and doing It. General Miles will visit the Pacific Coast before he sails, just In order to show us how the Filipinos will feel. That naval battie Is called a sham prob ably because there are no Hotasonp nor Schleys nor Sampsons as an aftermath. Dave HHI says he never kissed a woman. If he had entered the Navy and turned out a- hero, things might be different with him. The Danish West Indies will soon, be ours, but Uncle Sam should be alive to see that they don't contain a gold brick like Mount .felee. If the judges at the baby show yester day really had had eyes for the beautiful. they would have given as many first prizes as there were babies. Details of the naval battle of Panama are just coming in. They show that the tactics of the sham battles off New England-were highly effective. A m&n and wife back In Iowa turned cn the gas because trusts had made It Impos sible foV them to live. Trusts have done some good deeds, after all. A sensation has been caused by the ar rest in Lisbon of state oflicials for brlbery and corruption. The" sensation Is all be cause they were arrested. When most of us went to ' school we never supposed teachers had anything more to learn. Either they or we have changed since we've grown up. Dont worry about whether Charlie Schwab !s earning his 5SQ0,00 salary. The steel trust can pay it. The trust has cleared $150,000,OCO In the past year. George H. Maxwe... executive chairman of the National Irrigation Association, will speak at Portland Monday. He has a gift of flowing speech and liquid accents, and will Irrigate a dry subject. The harbormaster will have the crimps after him if he does, and the Mayor a.er him If he doesn't. Apparently there are more healthful places In which to sojourn than the office of harbormaster. "I guess I'll nave to take a Fall out of It," ald tho hard-up man, who last Sum mer bloomed out In a Panama, and as all his savlngn were in it, he was under the neces?Ity of following out the slang liter ally. Plerp. Morgan treats reporters shabbily. And yet the reporters have been the rungs of the ladder by which he has clambered to fame. Who would know anything about Morgan but for the reporters? What Kings and monarchs would entertain him? DERIVATION' OP "CHICAGO." From an Indian Word, Meaning. Home of the Polecats Correspondence Record-Herald. In reply to Professor Gannett's wish, al low me to say a few words- in regard to the much disputed origin and meaning o the word "Chicago." I believe the true and only correct Interpretation and origin of the word Is In the dictionary of Bishop Baraga, edited In Cincinnati in 1S53. He translates the Indian word Jikag, polecat, an Ill-smelling little beast. Bishop Baraga has been laboring among the Indians of the Chippewa tribe as a missionary for over 30 years. He ought to be well versed In that tongue, as he also edited a grammar, which was pub lished in Cincinnati in 1S50. The bishop says positively that from the word Jikag is derived the name of the City of Chi cago. To the Indians In those days, who found a ready sale in the city on the Lakes for the skins of those little animals: Chicago was of considerable significance, and was frequently visited by hunters and trap pers. Now, as to the name of Chicago as spelled and pronounced by the whites of today, the two ending letters n and g have been dropped, the main reason of which may be that, hearing an Indian pronounce It. one can hardly catch the sound of them, unless listening very attentively. The end syllables ong, ang and ing in words of the Chippewa language denote the locality of anything of being. Chi cagong. therefore, means verbally the place where the polecats- are living. E. G. H. MIESSER, M. D. Ontariovllle, III. Denied In Haute. Considerable alarm has been experienced by the supporters of Judge Pennypacker in Pennsylvania over tho report that, if elected, he would soon retire from the Governorship in order to accept an ap pointment to the United States Supreme . Court in place of Justice Snlrad. The fatt tnat this would leave William M. Brown, an adherent of the Harrlsb'i-r machine, and no.v candidate for Lieutenant-Governor, tis chief executive, accuB's for the haste of Jiidge Pennypackers friends to deny the tumoi. A Limit to Roosevelt's Courage. Philadelphia Ledger. It Is an Insult to the President to as sume that he would give aid or counten ance to the methods of the Addlcks fac tlbn. That would require more courage of a bad kind than President Roosevelt pos sesses. PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHERS Bertha I guess it's going to be a match be tween Maude and Charley. Constance So? Bertha Yes, Maude today spoke of his stutter ing as a slight hesitancy in the enunciation of words. Boston Evening Transcript. A Saving of Coal. "Yes, I'm encouraging my daughter to keep company with that Arctic explorer." "'What's the reason?" "He'll be able to stand it In the parlor without any Are next Winter." Cleveland Plain Dealer. Mrs. Noodles "When we were married I told Fred I wanted him always to tell me Just what he thought of me. and we have always got along splendidly. Mrs. Foozle Wasn't It lucky he didn't take you at your word? Boston Even ing Transcript. One on the Old Man. "Honestr. my son." said tho millionaire Congressman, "is the best policy." "Well, perhaps it 13. dad," rejoined the youthful philosopher, "but It strikes me you have done pretty well, nevertheless." Chicago Daily News. Indiscreet. Chimer So-you're not friends any more. Rimer No, he doesn't know what true friendship means. I asked him once to give me his candid opinion about some verses I had written. Chimer Well? Rimer Well, the chump gave It. Philadelphia Press. The Parable of the Pennies. Word come3 frorn Newport that Miss Allcer Roosevelt was so fatigued from the entertainments of the week that she did not appear with her host and hostess, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Fulton Cut ting, at Trinity Church, last Sunday. And this calls to mind the story of the little boy who was given two pennies, one to put Into the contribution box and one to .buy candy, and he lost one of them. Guess which one it was. Boston Hero.i'