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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (May 22, 1902)
8 THE MOROTKG .OBE0OKIAR, TBFE&DAY, MAY 22,.,19p2. , Entered at the Postoffice at Portland, Oregon, as aecond-class matter. REVISED SUBSCRIPTION RATES. By Mall fpostage prepaid, in Advance Bally, with Sunday, per month 5 Daily, Sunday excepted, per jear g IaJly. -with Sunda. per year J Sunday, per year t f Vx The Weekly, per year........... ?" The "Weekly. 3 months w To City Subscribers Dally, per week, delivered, Sunday exceptedJL5o Dally, per week, delivered, Sundays lncluded.20c POSTAGE RATES. United States. Canada and Mexico: JO to 14-page paper ........ !- U to 25-page paper. ...2c Foreign rates double. News or discussion Intended or publication In The Oregonlah should "be addressed Invaria bly "Editor The Oregonian' not to the name of any Individual. Letters relating to ader tlslnc. subscriptions or to any business matter should bejiddrcssed simply "The Oregonlan." The Oregonlan does not "buy poems or stories Jrom Individuals, and cannot undertake to re turn any manuscripts sent to It without solici tation. No stamps should be Inclosed for this purpose. Eastern Business Office, 43, 44. 45. 47, 48. 49 Tribune building. New York City: 510-11-12 Tribune building, Chicago: the S. a Beckwlth Special Agency, Eastern representative. For sale In San Francisco by L. E. Lee, Pal ace Hotel news -.tandj Goldsmith Bros.. 230 Sutter street, F. W. Pitts, 1008 Market street: J. K. Cooper Co . 740 Market street, near the Palace Hotel: Foster & Orear. Ferry news stand. For sale In Los Angeles by B. F. Gardner, 250 So. Spring street, and Oliver & Haines. 305 So. Spring street. For sale In Sacramento by Sacramento News Co.. 429 HI street. Sacramento, Cal. For sale in Chicago by the P. O. News Co., 217 rearborn street, and Charles MacDonald, 63 "Washington street. For sale in Omaha by Barkalow Bros., 1612 Farnam street For sale In Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News Co. 77 "W. Second South street. For sale In New Orleans by A. C. Phelps, 009 Commercial Alley. For sale In Ogden by C. H. Myers. On file at Charleston, S. C, in the Oregon ex hibit at the exposition. . -, For sale in "Washington, D. C, by the Ebbetl House news stand. For kale in Denver, Colo., by Hamilton & Xendrlck. 000-912 Seventeenth street; Louthaa & Jackscn Book & Stationery Co., 15th and Lawrence streets; A. Series, 1C53 Champa ttreet. t TODAY'S "WEATHER Partly cloudy and oc casionally threatening; warmer; with westerly winds. Yesterday's "WEATHER Maximum tem perature. 59; minimum temperature. -47; pre cipitation, trace. rORTLAND, THURSDAY, MAY 22. t ' A FORTXWATC OPPORTUNITY. The Lewis and Clark Centennial will trine to Portland large numbers of in telligent and observant people. Most of them will come "with imperfect con ceptions of Oregon civilization. They will be looking for Indians, and log houses, but they won't expect to see pianos, eteel buildings,, the Portland Hotel, the Marquam Grand, the City Hall and the Portland Library. The fine residences and handsome stores will surprise them as much as the -scenic beauties that will charm the eye on every hand. At such a critical time, when all Ore gon will be on its best behavior, what could be more fitting and desirable than that the office of Mayor here in Port land should be filled by a man of the character, accomplishments and reputa tion of George H. "Williams? No man could be found ,to convey to our visitors a better impression of dig nity and ability than Judge Williams will convey. He will be such an honor to the place as Seth Low is in New York, or General Collins in Boston. As the official representative of the Pacific Coast Exposition city, Judge Williams will be an ideal figure. We have the opportunity to enjoy the advantage and the prestige of having at the head of the city's affairs a man who was thought worthy by President Grant to "be Chief Justice of the United States; who has served in the Senate and in the Cabinet and of a high joint com mission with Great Britain. It is a glori ous opportunity, and it should be ac cepted with avidity by the citizens of Portland, regardless of party. Judge Williams has honored every po sition in which he has been placed. His fine talents, lofty character and his happy gift of eloquent and forceful speech will honor the Mayor's office as they have ornamented other positions. The honor in this case will be the city's. The man who votes for Judge Williams honors himself in the act. COMPULSORY ARBITRATION. The most frivolous of Portland's citi zens grow serious when they consider the possible results of prolongation and extension of the present planlng-mlll strike, involving as it does the entire field of the building trades, and menac ing, through a possible sympathetic strike, many other lines of Industry. Of less local concern, but of vast industrial moment, is the .great coal strike in the East. Today some 145,000 men, hard coal miners, are in idleness, and if a general coal strike should be pro claimed, the bituminous coal miners would swell the army of idle miners to come 450,000. Work is everywhere being suspended by the operators. The coal roads are discharging men by hundreds as the traffic falls off. Local transpor tation and business In the coal region already begin to suffer. The price of coal has already been advanced $1 a ton by the retail dealers in New York City; the railroads centering in Buffalo have discharged 1000 men, and each railroad affected will reduce its force about 15 per cent. This is only the Be ginning. If the soft-coal mines should close in the West and border statesr manufacturing and transportation would theri suffer far and wide. Under these circumstances it is not strange that attention here and else where should turn to the perennial dream of compulsory arbitration. It is significant, to begin with, that the Civic Federation, of which so much was ex pected, has broken down. The miners have offered to refer the cause to an impartial arbitration, which the oper ators refuse to do. The New York Even ing Post says that the stake of the pub lic in this strike is really greater than that of men or musters, and laments that there is not some means of insist ing upon complete publicity, both on tfie part of the great labor organizations and of the large employers, as to the exact grounds of the conflict. The es sence Qf Mr. Charles Francis Adams' scheme for arbitrating strikes was pub licity. His plan was to devise machin ery to extract the facts in any pending labor controversy and lay them before the public, in the hope that the publi cation of a full and fair statement of the issues would of Itself lead to their settlement. This publicity will only come after the strike is begunr instead of at a period when it might have pre vented the strike. The Springfield Republican agrees with the Post that the public, the party ofhe largest interc-st in the affair, has not been consulted, but goes further and says that these terrible disturbances. fraught with industrial consequences of the gravest character, will in the end cause two questions to be asked: 1 Why should labor and capital be permit ted to engage In destructive wars of this kind when there are ways to prevent them, as through compulsory -arbitration voluntary ar bitration having again conspicuously proed its futility? 2. "Why should exclusive private monopoly of natural resources so essential to the life and Industry of the people as coal be suffered to exist? Compulsory arbitration has succeeded well for more than seven years in New Zealand; it has been adopted by Aus tralia, and since voluntary arbitration has proved a failure, we shall some day be forced to try compulsory arbitration. The public, not the great operators, pay the enormous losses, endure the great discomforts consequent upon these vio lent dislocations of our Industrial ma chinery, and sooner or later the public will enact compulsory arbitration. It may be reluctantly resorted to, like the government ownership, of railroads, but the innocent public will not forever suf fer because great labor organizations and great employers refuse to arbitrate, but prefer to fight to a finish their quarrel. The public will, say: "You must arbitrate; you must submit your quarrel to the courts and have it set tled." Labor has had the best of com pulsory arbitration thus far in the courts; labor with the ballot in its hand need not fear a packed or prejudiced tribunal. OP HOPEFUL AUGURY. It is not probable that the O. R. & N. and the Northern Pacific will use the same track between Lewlston and Wal lula without extending their relations further. This is improbable, because it only half solves the problem of an out let for the Clearwater "Valley. It lets the Clearwater section out into the Co lumbia Valley without the necessity of making the perilous climb up the Pot latch Canyon, but that falls far short of getting Clearwater products to mar ket. The river grade to the sea is what the Clearwater "Valley, as part of the Upper Columbia Basin, desires. A river grade to Wallula will not be sufficient for the producers or for the transporta tion companies. Therefore it is reason able to assume that the Northern Pa cific will in some manner get down the Columbia from Wallula, and it seems likely that this will be over the O. R. & N. track rather than over a new "and Independent line yet to be built. The relations of the two railroad Interests, together with the needs of the situation, argue strongly for joint use of the track from Wallula to Portland. This may mean also joint use of the track to Puget Sound. On all traffic which it passes through Portland for Puget Sound points the Union Pacific now pays the Northern Pacific full local rates. Use of the track to Puget Sound would place the Union Pacific on as easy a basis in that field as the North ern Pacific now has, perhaps easier, be cause the crossing of the Cascade Moun tains would be avoided on the Portland route. It would be an undeniable ad vantage to the Union Pacific to get to Puget Sound on even terms with the Northern Pacific Under this arrange ment, however, the Union Pacific would come into more direct competition with the Burlington. It is very evident that Mr. Harriman and Mr. Mellen work together more am icably than Mr. Hill works with either. Under present conditions Portland has everything to gain by cultivation of these relations between the railroad presidents, while the hands of controll ing agencies like the Northern Securi ties Company are tied by menacing law and public opinion. The closer Presi dent Harriman and President Mellen operate the better for Portland. The law of gravity will make. Portland a great commercialcity The rift in the mountains that 'lets traffic of the inte rior to Portland on a water grade com pels recognition on the part of trans pbrtatlon agencies soon or late. The folly of opposing natural forces Is a great factor In bringing the Northern Pacific and the Union Pacific into better relations. All this means the improvement of the country. It means that conditions will be such that It will be more profitable for settlers to occupy and till the land and establish comfortable homes. It means encouragement to producers and the development of industrial enter prises. Energy will not be diverted to scaling mountains when water grades can be better employed for railroad trains. The Northern Pacific will be as much Interested in "pulling" for Port land as the O. R. & N. is, when it can use the Columbia grade to get its traf fic to tidewater. And giving the Union Pacific trackage to Puget Sound cannot hurt Portland. But we must keep the Columbia open for large vessels as a necessary 'part of the programme of self-preservation. ' MOST WORTHY CHARITIES. One of the most practical charities of the state is the School for the Blind at Salem, the annual commencement exer cises of which will be held tomorrow (Friday) afternoon. When we -reflect that there has been under instruction in this institution an average of thirty two pupils during the past -year, who without special Instruction in things that the blind can be taught to do, and do well, would be through life perfectly helpless in the matter of earning a live lihood, and many of whom would be come in. later years public charges, we must feel that the money spent in sup port of the School for the Blind is ex ceedingly well spent from a practical point of view. And when the matter is viewed from the higher considera tions of humanity, the value of the ef fort to enlighten minds from which "wisdom at one entrance is quite shut out" is increased ten-fold. There are perhaps no other persons of the defect ive classes so responsive in gratitude for what is done to ameliorate their condition as are the blind. Their af fliction appeals at once to the sympathy of the more fortunate and to the prac tical side of humanity, as shown in ef forts to teach them to use their hands and their minds in their own behalf. Perhaps it may not be amiss here and now to cite an example illustrative of the value of this most beneficent char ity, and of another that deals with help less, homeless Infants. A few days ago the Baby Home, near this city, enter tained at its annual May tea a large number of guests. Among the many in teresting objects that were seen by the visitors on that occasion was a blind child, some 2 years old, who made his way noiselessly around the room, his outstretched hands doing duty as far as possible for eyes that were not. When at a loss to proceed further, he would drop upon his knees and lay his fore head to the floor, waiting without sound or motion for assistance that experience had taucht him was sure to come. The child of a criminal marriage between a j simple-minded girl of 16 and a worth less, debased man of 60, it required no seer to answer in his case the ques tion, "Who has sinned, this child or his parents, that he was born blind?" So ciety will some time protect Itself and helpless Infancy from crimes of this character, but since It does not now do so. It can only take up the burden by caring, as in this Instance and further on, for the Innocent victims of its mis taken leniency or cowardice, "What will you do with the child ul timately?" was asked of the president of the Baby Home. "Keep him until he 1b old enough to be sent to the School for the Blind," was the response, and those who heard it, looking at the deli cate features of the sightless child, must have involuntarily blessed the Baby Home and felt as never before the exalted purpose of the School for the Blind. POINTS OX WHEAT CHARTERS. Following out a system of reasoning that Is exclusively its own. the Tacoma Ledgerdemaln arrives at the conclusion that Portland Is unwarranted in her requests for more diligence on the part of the O. R. & N. Co. in going into new territory and bringing out wheat by a water-level route Instead of permitting a rival line to lift it over lofty moun tains at much greater expense. The Ledger never permits such trivial things as facts to stand in its way when it seeks to make a point against Portland. Illustrative of this distinct ive Tacoma trait, the following extract from some editorial comment made by the Ledger on a recent editorial in The Oregonian is given: The plain reason that the grain does not go to Portland Is because there Is a grae dis advantage in sending it there. Such grain as is hauled to the coast Is to aboard ship, and is wanted In a place ha Ing definite relaUons with deep water. Portland is an inland city, and It cannot compete with cities situated on tho coast, with harbors sheltered and ample and opening Into the ocean. It Is the Columbia bar and the tortuous channel of the river that are keeping Portland back. There Is no util ity In the papers of that town demanding the privilege of having wheat brought to a place where the chief difficulty of shipping would still have to be met, and experience has dem onstrated that It cannot be oercome. But one inference can be drawn from the above statement, and that is that it costs more to ship grain from Portland than from Tacoma. Let us see how this statement lines up with the facts. Up to date there have been something like thirty ships chartered for new-crop loading in the Pacific Northwest. A few of these ships have the option of San Francisco, Tacoma and Portland at the same rate; others have the option of Tacoma or Portland at the same rate, but not a single new-season charter has yet been reported for Tacoma at a lower rate than was named for Portland. These facts were not difficult for the Ledger to secure, for the big exporters of Portland, who contrbl the shipping trade of the Pacific Northwest, all main tain branch offices at Tacoma, and the correct information regarding "cost of shipping" is as easily obtainable there as in this city. When the Ledger rends down to the offices of the exporters for verification of the rates paid for shipping wheat from the two ports It might make a little inquiry about recent transactions. Such inquiry would elicit the fact that the British bark Peter Iredale, which has just left Tacoma for Europe, and the British bark Levernbank, now fin ishing there, were paid 26s 3d per ton, while the Brunei, which has just left Portland, was paid but 25s 6d, and the Nomia. now finishing here, was paid but 25s 9d. The Ledger will also learn on Inquiry that the Agnes Oswald, the last ship chartered for South African business from Portland, was paid 27s 6d, while the General Roberts, the last ship chartered to load at Tacoma for South Africa, was paid 28 shillings. Now that the Tacoma paper has been detected in a deliberate misstatement of facts, It will no doubt hasten to correct the error and gracefully acknowledge that the cost of shipping wheat from Portland Is no greater than from Tacoma perhars it will. The wheat shipments from Puget Sound for the season of 1902-03 will show a much smaller percentage of the total from the Northwest than during the season just closing, and those of Portland will show a larger proportion than for the current season. This will be due to more favorable conditions in Portland territory, and less favorable conditions in Tacoma territory. Fur ther comment on this line Is "unneces sary, however, as facts and natural conditions never receive consideration when the Legerdemain has Its hammer out for Portland. A Seattle paper re cently alluded to the Commencement Bay towtt'as the "City of Density." If the Tacoma people take the misrepre sentation of the Legerdemain seriously, the title is apt indeed. DUTY THAT IS IMPERATIVE; The extreme limit of the number of votes that can be cast at the coming election was reached May 15, when .the registration books in the counties were closed. The number of names enrolled therein Is less by at least 10,000 than It might and should have been. But that Is for all practical purposes a closed In cident, a preliminary stage in 'the com ing contest at the polls that Is ended. The 10,000 or more men who refused or neglected to enroll their names on the record of active citizenship are, so far as. their voice in the affairs of state will be felt in the next four years, as though they were not Those whose names ap pear on the lists are now confronted by a duty that it is the pride and pleasure of every wlde-mlnded, patriotic citizen of the state and Nation to perform. Having duly declared their purpose to take part In the coming election, It now devolves upon the great mass of regis tered voters to keep in close and intel ligent touch with the questions at issue in this contest during the brief interval between now and the first Monday In June, and on that day to fail not in the discharge of individual duty at the polls. It is incompatible with the pride of true citizenship to ignore Its privileges, and incompatible with Its obligations to shirk the final duty that ends for the time being with the close of the polls on election day. A full vote of the staCe is cot now possible, since the registra tion of voters, was short by so many thousands. But a full deposit of the. registered vote is possible, and all good citizens, regardless of party affiliation, should work to this end. Tnls is not the candidate's opportunity, an in a nar row sense many have come to consider it, "out the people's opportunity, and as such it should be conscientiously im proved. " The President will soon issue a procla mation announcing the addition of sev eral million acres to the Yellowstone. and Teton forest reserves in Wyoming. The object is to protect the large game that ranges these forests 1n Winter time and seeks. the Yellowstone Na tional Park in Summer, it having been represented that some varieties are likely to become extinct in a few years without this protection. With the addi tion of these reserves the entire area of the Yellowstone forest reserve will be 1,809,280 acres, and that of the Teton reserve 4,127,350. It Is explained that this vast area is entirely unfit for cul tivation, being precipitous, rocky and heavily timbered, and as It Is fit only for the habitation of wild beasts. As It is the policy of the Nation, in the In terests of natural history, to preserve from extinction the noble specimens of animal life that- frequent these moun tain solitudes, there is no reason why these lands shall not be reserved for their use and protection. A correspondent asks The Oregonian for "a concise statement of the trouble between the United States and France in 1798-99, how It began and ended, and how many engagements were fought." The revolutionary Government of France had held tbdt in accordance with our treaty with that country we were bound to support her against Great Britain, at least so far as defense of the French West Indies was con cerned. President Washington, how ever, had always adhered to a policy of strict neutrality, and in this was resolutely followed by his successor, John Adams. Enraged by the ratifica tion of the Jay treaty with Great Brit ain, the French Republic passed de crees discriminating against American commerce. President Adams called an extra session. of Congress to consider how war with France could be avoided. A special commission, composed of Charles Cotesworth Plnckney, John Marshall and Elbrldge Gerry was sent to France. The French Directory re- 1 fused to treat with them openly, but Talleyrand, who was Secretary for For eign Affairs, offered for a large bribe to secure American vessels from being locked up and American goods from be ing stolen-. The American Commission ers rejected the proposition with scorn, whereupon a new decree was issued against our commerce. In March, 1798, President Adams advised Congress that preparations already begun should be kept up for the war that seemed Inevi table. A few first-class frigates were built; an army was raised, and Wash ington was placed in command as Lleu-tenant-GeneraL The President was au thorized to Issue letters of marque and reprisal, and kfor a time 'war with France really existed, though it was never declared. In February, 1799, Cap tain Thomas Truxtdn, in the "Constella tion," defeated and captured the French frigate "L'Insurgente," and in Febru ary, 1800, Truxton destroyed the French frigate "La Vengeance." The French Directory had found out by this time that its; senseless policy was sure to drive the United States into an alliance with Great Britain, so it began to change its tactics. An American com mission sailed for France "November 5, 1799, and on Its arrival found the Di rectory overturned by Napoleon.,"" with whom it succeeded in adjusting 'all the difficulties. Edward E.HalA. in the Outlook, says that in the treaty of 1814 it was with difficulty that even Mr. Gallatin and Mr. Clay could -be held up to the mark, of retaining 'for the United States the great Northwestern Territory. "What Is the use? It only gives you the care of the Indians." Yet in that doubtful territory are now our States of Iowa, Wisconsin, half Michigan, Minnesota, and who shall say how much of the country-westward ? a- ' Francis Villon, the famous Trench poet, a vagabond man of genius, was made to undergo the "water cure" in 1457 on his trial for theft by the ecclesi astical courts of Paris. The historian says that "he was made to drink water through linen folds until his bowels were flooded and his heart stood "still." As Villon never drank any water when he could get any wine, he must have found the "water cure" a severe ordeal. The resettlement of the people of St Vincent is progressing under govern ment auspices. The task must be a dis couraging one, as soccer or later that troubled island will disappear below the surface of the ocean, above which in spme great throe of Nature in the past it was projected. The Canal. Washington Post The people ojthe United States, Irre spective of party, are earnestly in favor of an isthmian canal. They Afnt it to be constructed and controlled W the United States. When this Congress assembled they were practically unanimous for the Nicaragua route. The House, with a clear understanding of public sentiment, promptly passed the Hepburn bill and sent It to the Senate before tho holiday recess. That 'measure specifics the Nicaragua route. And althpugh some things have happened In this connection since that time, we believe that bill still holds Its place in popular favor and that Its pas sage would be more promotive of the country's interests' and of the commercial world's Interests than any other disposal of the matter. But more than four and a half months have passed since that bill was sent to the Senate, yet no action has been taken, and there seems little prospect of any thing decisive before the session ends. In asmuch as there is no party politics in this purely business affair, why does Con gress neglect it? "What Might Have Been. Indianapolis Journal. Ho vastly better It would have been for Santo Domingo if it had been ceded to the United States at the time General Grant negotiated a treaty to that effect, which was defeated in the Senate by those wiser men than the great commander, led by Charles Sumner and Carl Schurz. It Is an Island of resourced, a producer of sugar, and nearer to us than is- Hawaii, which has become prosperous under a treaty which opened our markets to its sugar years before it was annexed. Un der the direction of the United States Santo Domingo would have had peace and security and Its sugar would have paid no duty. Now the land la the victim of fre quent revolutions and Industrially is worse off than it was 20 years ago. It might have been imperialism to have come into possession of Santo Domingo, But it would have given a people liberty and prosperity. i A Point la Carpentry Washington Post Senator Piatt, of Connecticut, was building a house. He had occasion to hire a carpenter; who was a plain, unvarnished son of New England. 'You know all about carpenter work?" asked Senator Piatt "Yes, sir," was the reply. "You can make windows, doors and illnds?" f. '"Oh. yes, -sir." . 4How would you make a "Venetian blind?" ' "' The man thought steadily .for several Imlnutes. "I think,"- he remarked finally, "thaL,I,:tfuJdpunch. him In. thejsye." tr-r- CRUELTY INSEPARABLE FROM WAR General O. O. Howard In the May Independent. Of course the answer to this question turns "upon the word cruelty. If killing in action, wounding, sickness in hospital or elsewhere produced by exposure are defined as cruelty, no question arises, for there can be no real war without cruelty. But the Army officer would not define the death of a soldier on the field of bat tasa death from cruelty. If in angry hate an enemy took his bayonet and stabbed a wounded man it would exhibit cruelty. If, as In Lord Wolsdley's cam paign In Egypt, men armed with scimitars would creep around, hamstring the horses and slay every helpless victim they could reach, It would be cruelty. The seizing of men, women, and children, torturing men In every conceivable way and scalp ing them, often when alive, as the plains Indians have always done In their wars. Is properly called "horribly cruel." Driven to madness by Indian cruelties, our sol diers have sometimes retaliated by the most cruel methods: but as a rule they have not done so, but -carefully confined themselves to the regulations and rules of civilized warfare. During our long Civil War I was in many battles, and have tried to describe some of them. I recall but few instances where Intentional cruelty was Involved. The white flag was always respected on both sides of the conflict. Prisoners taken on tho Confederate side were usually well treated, at least until they got Into the hands of the prison keepers. It the Union prisoner on capture was stripped of hl3 clothing and valuables, he rightly com plained of It as on outrage; so did the Confederate if he fell Into the hands of some rough cavalry Sergeant. But, all the outrages of Llbby, Andersonville and oth er prisons were not a necessary part of war, any more than were the British pris on ships in the harbor of New York during our Revolutionary struggle. Admit, then, that for the most part the operations and battles of our country have not violated the laws of civilized warfare and have not necessarllyxlnvolved cruel methods, cruel treatment of prisoner's or of non-combatants; is war ever necessarily cruel 1. e.. Is cruelty Inseparable from war? General Sherman said to me often: "Howard, war is, cruelty and you cannot too much refine it." He meant that war involved suffering and losses that went with every march and wcro found In every battle; but he never meant to justify rob bery, murder, rapine and such things as civilized warfare interdicts. At times, however, war, with all the restraints a Havelock would put upon It is intensely cruel, First As against spies. What helped Sheridan more than any other one thing was the-carefulness with which ho found out the numbers and the intentions of his opposing General. He hired men with his own money to go Into the enemy's camp and bring back the Information he needed. He kepf himself well Informed of what orders were Issued against us and of all movements on foot. General George H. Thomas was alwajs most careful to employ ' good spies." The welfare of his own army depended on the Information he thus gained. Well, then, why try by a court and hang an enemy's spy? The law of war still requires that Under McCIellan a Lieutenant of our Army went over to the Confederates and then became a spy for them. He was caught, closely con fined, and soon hanged. Under General Barney, In Mexico, sev eral soldiers deserted to the Mexicans and became spies and Informants against their country. Harney captured them and had them flanged. It is said that he ex presse'cP'bJs opinion of them in his own strong language while they were dying. After all their work, however diligent, and their terrible exposures, the spies are never treated like honorable men. Al most universal distrust awaits their fu ture. They are amongthe ostracized. It Is a terrible cruelty". Second As against guerrillas. Guerrillas proper are those who are carrying on war without the pale of an army. They Wear no uniform; they plunder and burn houses; they slay often the most harm less non-combatants, as did Quantrel's band In Kansas in the Civil War. To stop their horrible work In Tennes see General George H. Thomas, who was the kindest and genjlest of commanders, issued tho severest orders which he could dictate. The General had but one line of supply over the Cumberland range of mountains. It was by a railroad with many tunnels and bridges. The guerril las would burn his bridges and choke up his tunnels with logs and rocks. Tha organized forces of the Confederates he could manage and care for, but the guer rillas claiming to be Innocent non com bating civilians, were too much for ordi nary methods. He at last gave public notice that if a certain tunnel were dis turbed by obstructions every house with in Ave miles would be destroyed. No tunnel after that was obstructed and closed. Generals on both sides In that war resorted at times to that law of retali ation. It was done to protect our officers with the colored troops. There was un called for cruelty first, then on the other side retaliation. This process is essential ly cruel, and seems inseparable from war fare. It may be further Illustrated by well known Incidents in the line of endeavor ing to constrain an enemy by unusual and cruel methods. For example, the use of torpedoes buried in paths and roads near and under slopes leading to fortifications. It was done by the Confederate com mander at Yorktown, Va in the Spring of 1S62. As soon as our commander found that our soldiers were being .killed and maimed by these torpedoes after the Confederate works above Yorktown had been abandoned, he Immediately declared that such use of the torpedoes was a cruelty and against tha laws of modern war, and he had the Confederate prison ers who were in our hands marched to the front He then directed that they hunt up these hidden projectiles and dig them up. It was done by these poor fel lows, I believe, without further accident or sacrifice. Still those prisoners were not Obtainable for the torpedo game, and might have suffered horrible mutilation and death. That was cruelty. I have used the Incidents on our side. Doubtless Confederate commanders could name as many where they believed that they had to retaliate. These things are incident to war, and seem a part of it In dealing with savages often great sever ity has to be used to protect ths lives of the helpless- and Innocent As tha world advances there will be better methods. If we employ Indians or Maeabebes. un civilized or half-clvlllzed people, to be our scouts or allies, we shall always be subjected to the charge of cruelties and methods of warfare which every true American abominates; but 1 think when we have rising up against our flag"'or ganized mobs and. robbers who- bury their enemies alive, subject them not only to horrible deaths, but to preliminary tor tures, and when these so-called "enemies" are worthy people, hurting nobody, but looking to our army for protection, that we ought to be very careful riot to con demn the army for severe measures which, appear to be necessary, .An army or a police means the exercise of force. It we mean that it ehali never exercise force, then why have 'an army or a pollco- at all? Epigrams of David Starr Jordan. World's Work; You can't fasten a-13000 educatlbn upon a 50-cent boy The football field Is safer for yonngtmen than the ballroom. If an educated man is unfitted to take a practical hold on life he Is not worth educating, or the education Is a-misfit The remedy for oppression Is to have strong men who cannot be oppressed. The problem of life Is not to maket life easier, but to make men stronger. Theosophy, Christian Science-, Socialism, mysticism and free silver anything based on sentimentalism are half-baked schemes J of reforming the world- HIL17S ROUND-THE-WORLD LINE. Minneapolis Tribune. A lot of nonsense has been printed about tho plan of Mr. Hill, Mr. Morgan, and their associates in the two Northern rail roads for taking care of their properties, should the Government win Its suit to dissolve the Northern Securities Com pany. It Ir assumed that failure of the railroads to defeat this suit would leave their prcpertles In chao3 and disorder, and compel the Instant formation of an other "parent" or "holding" company somewhere to keep them together. Thl Is tin Instance of the power pf imagina tion brought to- bear by thoso who dls cuss this question from the point of view of personal animus or political ambi tion. Railroads have been merged all over the country without a parent or holding com pany. Dissolution of the Northern Se curities Company would leave the North ern Pacific and Great Northern Com panies in the BXTae position as the Union and Southern Pacific or tho Pennsylvania -and Baltimore & Ohio. These do not seem to have the least trouble in doing busi ness The truth Is that the Northern Securities Company is a mere conveni ence, not In the least essential to the effective operation of the two roads un der common ownership Should it be dis solved, some other convenience, not ob noxious to the law, will tike its place, or the common owners of the two roads will make direct choice of the managers of their separate properties. It Is a pity that the essential properties of this great railroad federation cannot be lifted above the clquds of litigation and tho mists of politics and seen In their Impressive proportions. These aspects of the affair are only temporary. As to the political aspect -of the merger fight that will- work itself out In the usual way. serving the purpose pf demagogues and office-seekers until the people forget about It and rush off on some other tangent As to its legal aspect, all questions arising out of that will be settled In the courts. If the merger Is contrary to state law, tho Supreme Court win decide that di rectly In the Washington case. If It Is contrary to the anti-trust law, the Su preme Court will decide that when the case now pending in the Minnesota Dis trict Court shall have reached It on ap-' peal. Neither decision will affect the fun damental fact of common ownership and sympathetic shaping of far-seeing policy to great ends. The vivid presentation of the greatest of thoso ends In the answer of the de fendants In the anti-trust suit gives a tingo of something like romance to its dry and technical details. In the mind' of Mr. Hill, all that has been done and Jhat Is to be done In the matter of organizing his traffic routes Is subordinate to hjs al most lifelong design of creating the t lino of least res'stmce for the mighty tide of trade between the East and the West It is this tide of trade which, in the large conception of Brooks Adams, has made and unmade the history ofnatlons, as Its fertilizing stream flowed, now by Greece and Rome, then by Byzantium and the Italian Republics, again by Spain and tho Low Countries, and lastly around the world circle of the British Empire. This literary theorist and the practical creator of the Great Northern agree that the time Is near for this stream of trade, to flow In a new world channel from Asia to Eu rope through the United States', and Mr. Hill has given the better part of his life to marking out a course for it. For this he reduced grades and increased trainloads to achieve the cheapest car riage across tho continent For this he induced a. Japanese company to establish a line of steamers across the Pacific, which he is building the biggest freight carriers In the world to displace. By the magic of this big Idea, he Induced the owners of the Northern Pacific to join him In the attractive enterprise. The pur chase of the Burlington was a direct step in clearing a road for world commerce. It was bought mainly to furnish an out let to naked prairies and ore smelters for the products of the Pacific Coast In or der that train's bringing these might car ry return cargoes cheaply for loading the big steamers to Asia. All the pieces of (the great scheme of railroad development Mr. Hill has been carrying on for 20 years fit together Into this great project of, carrying the trade of the world acros3 tfie United States, In stead of through the Red Sea and the Mediterranean. If this Is only a dream, It is a splendid dream; If It ever should be come real, It will introduce a new epoch in the history of tha world. "PAHOLET' AND "RELEASE." An Explanation That Fevr "Will Be Disposed to Question. PORTLAND, May 2L (To the Editor.) May I be permitted to answer your cor respondent who desired to know why captured British soldiers had been "re leased" instead of "paroled." The answer la simple. ' Lord"' Kitchener got an unwarrantable name for hardnes3 of heart in Egypt for punishing derylshes who shot down his ambulance men while handing comfort to hla defeated enemies. They neither gave nor asked "quarter," and Mb justice was tempered with m&re mercy than It really should have 'been. This same Kitchener has insisted on every possible detail of kindness and humanity to the Boers, a9 far as warfare permits, even to signing the death warrant of two Australian offi cers. Knowing Lord Kitchener as I do, the bullets which destroyed those lives hurt him mdre than any wound he could personally receive he Is no drawing-room soldier. Hence the Boer leaders, espe cially men who are -such good fighters as Delarey, do not hesitate for one moment to "release" prisoners, especially officers, on any terms agreeable to themselves and the British General. He has won the es teem of the Boers, not only as a master soldier, but as a just commander and a gentleman whose justice discriminates not between friend or foe. One year's ex perience under his command In Egypt and two years In South Africa may give me this right to Inform your correspond ent that Lord Kitchener makes no play about vocabulary", cares not what words are used so long as the strict letter and spirit of a humane warfare are carried out, as the world's great nations recog nize them. And after all there Is little qf humanity In war," anyway. What there Is comes from the General In command. Even the poor misguided Boers accept ( an English officer's word of honor and treat the words "release ana "paroie as synonymous. GEORGE KING. En route. Saint John Baptist. "William Drummond. Tho last and greatest herald of Heaven'o .Klne Girt -with rough skins, hies to the deserts wild, .Among that savage brood tho woods forth bring. "Which ho more harmless found than man, and mild. . " His food was locusts, and what tjiero doth spring, With hony that from vlrelif hives dlstlll'd; ParcKdbodx. hollow ejes. some uncouth thing Made him appear, long since from earth ex iled. There burst he forth: AH ye who$e hopes rely 8n God, with me amidst these deserts mourn. Repent repent, and frcm old errors turn! Who- llsten'd to his voice, obeyd. his cry? Only the echoes. Which he made relent. Rung' from their, ftinty cavea, .Repent! Repent! .-, i, , Seaostris. ' Lloyd MJfMn. Sole Lord of Lords and very King of Kings, He sits within the desert, carved in stone; Inscrutable-, colossal and Alone, And anclenter than .memory of things. Graelon his ttont the sacred beetle clings; Disdain sits oh his lips; and In a Xrown Scorn lives upon his forehead for a crown The affrighted ostrich dare not dust her wings ASear this Presence. Tha long caravan's Dazed camels Btop, and mute the- Bedouins Stare. 1 -This Symbol of past power more than man's Presages doom. Kings look, and Kings despair. Their scepters tremble in their Jeweled hands JL And dark thfonea totter in tho baleful air! j NOTE AND COMMENT. It is not only tlw strikers who are out Inhat case we will patronize Mr. Har rlmai'6 lines. The Boer war continues tojaefy all ru mors of peace This Spring Is backward 'to the extent of positive diffidence With farts 3 cents a mile, who can af ford tosthy at home? A volcanaless South Sea island would be an acceptable, modern improvement President Loubefs . reception In Russia Is as cordial as that of Napoleon was icy. Hayti' Is said to be ready for war. No one can accuse a West Indian country of "unpreparednccs." Congcess has authorized a bridge oer the Columbia. Thus, .11 the ferry-tales are passing away. If a candidate could secure all the votes which are promised him he would be elected by about G0.CC0 majority. The salaries of the state employes of Minnesota have been raised. Has tho union movement at last spread to office holders? King Alphonso has been looking at a floral battle. And yet his subjects do not always take pleasure in throwing bou quets at each other. Ah American syndicate has controlled the" trade of West Africa. Possibly It will settle the Transvaal struggle by absorb ing that country also. After Senator Tillman has finished a speech, sajs a Washington correspondent. the Senate employes always look under tho seats to see If any of his fingers are lying around. For in gesticulating he has a habit of shaking his extended fingers so violently that It seems as if they would fly off. In denying the story that he has a ping pong ankle Minister Wu says some Amer ican newspaper men must have originat ed it, because it sounded nlccto say that Wir Ting Fang had a ping-pong pang. It Is not astonishing that the man who thought of that could not resist the tempt ation to print it This Is a recently expressed opinion of Congressman Llttlefield of Maine: "If it were not for the newspapers the Jobs which would go through Congress arc ter rible to contemplate. If there were no newspapers at all I don't believe I would be willing to trust myself alone In the House of Representatives for 13 minutes." The last writing by Paul Leicester Ford of which he saw the proofs is an article In the April number of the Bibliographer, of which he was the editor, on which he put the final touches just before his death. Mr. Fjord's contribution ia an article on "The Crisis," a rare pamphlet of the Rev olutionary period, which as he shows has been Improperly neglected by historians. In Idaho they have a story that when Roosevelt was traveling In that state years ago he saw In a store window a copy of his book, "The Winning of the West." He entered and after looking at the book, said to the storekeeper: "Who Is this Roosevelt?" "He's a rancher, some where, and I want to say, stranger, that in my opinion he better stick to his ranch and give up writing If ho can't do better than luat" In the dramatic papers there la an ad vertisement signed by Rev. E. Edward. Young, chaplain of the Pastors' Church Alliance, of Pittsburg, asking for singers and musicians for the Summer for some of the Pittsburg parks. The intention is to give a series of sacred concerts under the management of Rev. Mr. Young. This is another step of the church toward joining hands with the theatrical world In an effort to give the great public op portunity to attend worthy entertain ments. S,cnor Sagasta, so long Spain's prima minister and well entitled to be called her "grand old man," is now nearly SO years old. He began his career as a newspaper reporter. At Intervals since he went into politics he has resumed his original occu pation as a newspaper correspondent but his country has had too urgent need of hl3 services to allow him to follow his favor ite occupation for any great length of time. To him, quite as much as to the Queen Regent belongs the credit of hav ing preserved the Spanish throne from overthrow In troublous times. The Quarterly of tho Oregon Historical Society for March, 1S02, has been received. Its contents arc as follows: "The Social Evolution of Oregon," by Professor J. R. Robertson, of the chair of history. Pacific University, Forest Grove: "Political His tory of Oregon from 1S65 to 1S76," by Hon. W. D. Fenton, Portland; "History of the Barlow Road," by Miss Mary S. Barlow, a granddaughter of Samuel Klmbrough Barlow, the builder; "Across the Conti nent Seventy Years Ago," complied from the papers of John Ball by his daughter, Mrs. Kate N. B. Powers. John Ball taught a school at Vancouver In November, 1S32, and was the first schoolteacher on the Pa cific Coast. All these articles are vitally Important as relative to the history of Oregon. PLEASANTRIES OP PARAGRAPHERS "When He Decided. Edith Tou know that new horse papa named after you? "Well, he's proved to be quite worthless, and papa Is go ing to shoot him. Puck. ( Church I never cross a bridge until I coma Ho it. Gotham Well. If you refer to the B-ook-Jyn Bridge, you have a good deal of trouble Leveq- then. Tonkers Statesman. Assumption. "It doesn't take much to make some people conceited." " "What now?" "Why, since the village blacksmith learned how to mend automobiles he calls himself a hlack smythe." Chicago Dally News. Lucky. "Where are you going, my pretty maid?" "Down to the butcher-shop." she said. "Have you money to buy a steak?" asked he. "Yes, we've Just mortgaged our place," said she. Chicago Record-Herald. "Frank," said Mabel, tenderly, "doesn't It seem ages between Tuesday and Saturday night?" "Tes, Indeed," replied Frank, thought lessly. "Sometimes It seems as though pay day would never come." Tlt-Blts. Butcher Well, my little-" dear, an what do you want? Little Dear 'Taln't wot hi wants! HI wants a dlmlnd dog collar, an' a bro'm. an' a permlnlnt parse to the Music 'All. an a seat at the ccrlnashun. But it ain't wot hi wants, it's wot muwer wants, an she wants arf a pound off the scraggy end of a neck o' mutton, on the nod till Monday! Punch. The Serious Worrlment. "Doesn't It worry you to have people Intimate that ou are a political boss?" "No," answered Senator Sorghum; "not nearly so much as to have them intimate that I have ceased to be a po litical boss." Washington Star. Tha Only Way. Lady Here Is a cent. Now, what aro you going to do with It? Weary Waggles Ah, mum. I'll hev ter submit dat qucstloa to de board ov directors uv de "Cop per 'Trust." It wouldn't do tcr dump all dls metal onter dc market at once wldout consld eria de probable consequences. Judge