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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 18, 1900)
10 THE HOBND7G OBEGOKIA2 SATUBDA.Y, AUGUST 18, 1900. ' ATALK ABOUT LONGFELLOW BY DR. ROLFE (Copyright. 1900, by Seymour Eaton.) THE OREGON! AN'S HOME STUDY CIRCLE: DIRECTED B PROF-SEYMOUR EATON LITERARY TALKS AND REMINISCENCES ET "KTLLIA1I J. ROLFE, X.TTT. D. ML Three of the most notable American poets Longfellow. Lowell and Holmes wc-e either born In Cambridge or spent the greater part of their lives there. IxMigfellow. though born (1S07) in Maine, when that state was a. jart ofilassa jbusetts, lived here for 4G of his 40 years, and died at Cralgie House In 18S2. Lowell was born here In 11S. and lived at Elm wood until his death in 1691. except dur ing his diplomatic service in Spain and England and a few briefer absences hard lv worth mentioning. Holmes, born in 389 in the "gambrel-roofed house" hard by the colleges, spent the first 24 years of his life here, and most of the remainder In Boston, a commercial suburb of the collegiate town, but he is none the less to be rankdd with Longfellow and Lowell as eminently a Cambridge poet. His ar dent love for his birthplace and his alma mater, his professorship in the Harvard Medical School and his intimacy with Xiongfellow and Lowell and the local group of literary men a great constella tion of which they were only the bright particular stars made him a frequent vis itor to Cambridge. Prom 1S5S until his death in 1S84. his Boston home was on the banks of Charles River, in sight of his native town: at first In Charles street, and when that became a noisy thorough fare. In Beacon street. Longfellow was one of the most gentle and most genial of men, courteous and affable to all who met him, but intimately known only to "a charmed circle" of for tunate friends. Holmes said of him in a letter to Motley in 1S73: I find a, singular charm in the society of Longfellow a soft voice, a sweet and cheerful temper, a receptive rather than an aggressive intelligence, the agreeable flavor of scholarship without, any pe dantic ways, and a perceptible soupcon of humor, not enough to startle or sur prise or keep you under the strain of overstimulation, which I am apt to feel with very witty people." And 10 years later, writing to a friend and referring to his verses on the death of Longfellow, printed In the Atlantic Monthly, he said: "But it 1b all too little, for his life was bo exceptionally sweet and musical that any voice of praise sounds almost like a. dlscotd After it." One might quote scores of tributes to the beauty and charm of Longfellow's personality, but all would be in the same vein as those from his brother poet. It eoems to me that he describes himself In "The Golden Legend," where "Walter, the Minnesinger, says of Prince Henry: "'His craclous presence upon earth "Was as a Are upon a hearth; .As pleasant eongs, at morning suns:. The words that dropped from his sweet tongue Strengthened our hearts; or heard at night Made all our slumbers soft and light." Such was the poet, not only to his per sonal friends, but to the Immensely wider circle who knew him only through the medium of print. To them he seemed no less a personal friend, and they were rorocrnlzed as personal friends "by him. This is the keynote of the dedication of "The Seaside and the Fireside." the vol ume published in 1849. It is doubtless familiar to many of my readers, but I may be pardoned for quoting the opening stanzas: "As one who. walking In the twllljrht Bloom, Hears round about him voices as it darkens. And. MHslne not the forms from which they come Pauses from time to time and turns and darkens. So -walking here in twilight. O my friends, I hear your voice, softened by the distance. And pause and turn to llrten as each rendu Ills words of friendship, comfort and assist ance. "If any thought of mine or song or told Has ever given delight or consolation, Te have repaid me hack a thousandfold By every friendly sign and salutation. "Thanks for tho pympathies that ye have shown! Thanks for each kindly word, silent to ken. That teaches me when seeming most alone Friends are around us, though no word be spoken." Longfellow was unquestionably the most pormlar of the Cambridge poets; Indeed, of "all American poets, not only in this country, but in Europe. All his poems were early published In England, and the cheaper editions were to be found on every bookstall. On the Continent they were on sale in many places, to say noth ing of the many translations. On my ilrst visit to Europe in 1SSS. when I was at Cologne and about to go up the Hhine on my way to Switzerland, I re called the allusions to the river and the region in "The Golden Legend," and wished I had the book with me. It oc curred to me that I might possibly gt a com- there, and I found a paper-covered edition of the complete poems in the flrst shop I entered. At Strasburg I had the curiosity to inquire for the volume, and lso at Lucerne. Interlaken and other Swiss towns: the booksellers all l.nd it, and told me it wes often called for, In Xuremberg pome yenrs later. 1 bought a prettily illustrated edition of the poems on Nuremberg, which had lcen hroucht out by a local publisher. There is no better guidebook to the city than this poem. In which almost every loralltv of interest to the tourist Is enu merated Avlth Its historical and poetical a?oolatlonr the ancient castle, with Queen Cuirigunda's, linden in the court yard and the Oriental window where the poet Melchlor sat and sung Kaiser Maximilian's praises; the churches of St. Sebald tind St Lawrence, with their mar vels of art In bronze and marble: the rublic fountains "wrought with richest pculpture": the house of Hans Sachs, "the cobWer-poet," and the grave of Albert Durer (it is curious that his house Is not mentioned); and the memories of the Minnesingers and the "brave and thrifty burghers" of the great imperial city which in medieval times boasted that r-y its "toil and traffic, art and sons' St "ftrctched its hand through every c'ime," Portions of "The Golden Le gend," like tho description of the cathe dral at Strasburg and that of the old covered bridge at Lucerne, with its paint- 4nr rf "Tho Tlnnro nf Tiontli rf m;nl- ly minute and graphic At Bruges I had ' f"0 reason as follower Taxation is lim tried to find the Fleur de Ble. where j " b3Vh?. constitution to 35 cents on TvmcMtew stormed in Mav. 1S42. and lis- f109' and the county and city taxes to tened to the chimes in the belfry on the oppodte side of the Grande Place, The house ws still there, but it was no longer on inn. The disappearance of the Raven at Zurich, referred to in "Hyperion (which, by the way, is also rich in mat ter for the Continental tourist). "With a noisy and on unclean nest. And a very, very long bill," Is less to be regretted. At the Bellevue in Cadenabbia, on the shore of Lake Como. a framed copy of Longfellow's poem entitled "Cadenabbia." written In IStS, during the la;t visit to Europe is displayed In the vestibule of the hotl. Longfllow lias also been the laureate of OuabriAge. and. like Lowell and Holme; has helned to add a noetic in terest to some of its historic localities, as well a" to some which otherwise would hardlv have attracted the notice of the refidont or the visitor. All three poets were horn or lived and died in old Co lonial houses, more or less famous for their historic associations; but poetry has been lacre pe-tent than history in making them 'pilgrim shrines." Craigie House. Therr Longfellow lived 45 years, is noted as having tven the headquarters of Wash ington when the Revolutionary Army was onrarapod in Cambridge. Ehnwood. Low ell's residence, wrs the mansion of Lieutenant-Governor Oilvor until his abdica tlrn awi tfce oomt3-tin of the estate by the Coteatal aultx VJes. The "gambrof- roofed house" In -which Holmes -was born trajs trip riparlnnn rtprs rf Rfncral "Ward in 1775, and the .plan for fortifying Bun- I Jeer's Hill Is said to have been laid there, Of these houses the Cralgle mansion, as Colonel Higginson notes In his delight ful book on "Old Cambridge" (which the reader. If not already acquainted with It. will find infinitely more Interesting than anything I can write on the subject). Is much oftener Inquired for by strangers than Elmwood or than the Holmes house was before its demolition 15 or more years npn ranrt Vinn?Vi tVilQ nc ha nflfTc 'mle'hr might be partly due to associations with "Wash ington, j'et he 5s confident that these made but a small portion of the whole interest In the abode." I am sure that the Colonel Is right. In the course of the 3S years I have lived in Cambridge I have been asked by hundreds of friends and strangers to direct them to ".Long- -.H WATSIDE Xyy, (Made famous fellow's house," and It was evident that It was chiefly for his connection with It that they wanted to see it. That Wash ington had occupied it for more than a year was a minor consideration, and per haps due less to their interest in history than to what Longfellow had written about it in his verses "To a Child": "Once, ah, once within these Trails One whom memory oft recalls. The Father of his Country dwelt. Up and down these echoing stalra. Heavy with the weight of cares, Sounded his majestic tread; Tcs, within this very room Sat he in those hours of gloom, Weary both In heart and head." However that may be, there are local ities In Cambridge which aro famous solely because they are mentioned In Longfellow's verse. A single line in "Tho Village Blacksmith" has given to the chestnut tree that overhung the smithy a lasting fame like that which Tenny son in "The Talking Oak" promised to the loquacious veteran of the forest, and , when the tree was cut down in 1ST6 by a prosaic city government in widening a I . Longfellow's Clmlr. street it seemed an act of sacrilege hardly less flagrant than the felling of Shakes peare's mulberry tree, whereby the Rev. Francis Gastrell gained for himself an immortality of Infamy. Note. This study will be concluded on Saturday next. RATE OF TAXATION. For All Pnrpoies, It Should Xot Bo More Than 10 Mills. "WASCO. Or.. Aug. 15. (To the Editor.) In an editorial of August 11 you very truthfully say that what Oregon needs 1b the development of her resources ag ricultural, mining and manufacturing. The question arises, then, how is she to get this development? "What changes must of necessity take place before these industries will be pushedVand developed? In the Forum of August. 19(, is a no table article from Robert T. Hill, geol ogist of tho United States Geological Sur vey, the larger part of whose life has been spent In Texas and who has seen her progress from a state whose principal industries wero confined to the eastern border and were almost exclusively ag ricultural and pastoral. With an area as large as that of all of the New Eng land and Middle States combined, plus that of Ohio and Kentucky very nearly as large as France It today has more than 3,500,000 people. Manufacturing, min ing and lumbering are largely carriea on, and with the Increase of population and development of industries the cost of administration and the taxes have not Increased. "Why has all this great devel opment of material prosperity occurred? Mr. Hill tells the story, and in a very few words. In his article he elves tho 25 cents." This feature, added to the natural resources of the country, permit ted and encouraged Its development. No rational man is going to come into and Invest his means to develop and build up a country where the taxgntherer will take all his profits, and, as is the case this year with mam of our farm ers, more than the net returns of their labor and the produce of their lands. There will be no advancement in Ore gon, or very slight and slow, until this thing is radically changed. When state, county and municipal expenses become so great that people feel thom as a bur- den when they toll the entire year, live with the greatest frugality, and at the end of the year are barely able to pav thelr taxes and sometimes have to mort gage the. future to meet the aemands of tho taxgathcrer, there is no Incentive to exertion. All of our expenses are too great. All of the men who are employed In public capacities are paid far more than they could earn in private life. Our towns and villages, whose support from the natural resources of the surrounding country is meager at best, ape to be dties. Those in them who have some means continually He and swear to then lies to the Assessor, and the burdens become the heavier on those of mod erate means. The widow and the or phan, the old man who is rapidly reach ing the end of his journey, his time of active exertion and earnest endeavor be- -? ing post; the farmer who meddles but little in polities and nominating conven tionsall are taxed for the last dollar they are "worth. The merchant, the bank er, the corporations, escape with but a moiety of an honest and truthful assess ment and share of taxation. These are the ones who steer and regulate the ex penditure of the public resources, and when the levy- goes up, their assessment j goes down, bo that virtually they con tribute whatever they please to the public purse. There should be laws passed limiting the rate of taxation. No indebtedness should be allowed, either in state, coun ty or municipal affairs. Provision should j be made rapidly to discharge existing liabilities. The assessment laws should j be made so drastic that people would j fear to violate them. And then, with i nn bonAat fniimtinn tn nil nllleA- and with an honest valuation to all alike, and with a prudent and economical administra tion of affairs, our taxes could be re duced from one-half to two-thirds, and no material Interest of the country suffer. Nothing is more needed than a law limiting the rate of taxation. For state, county and municipal purposes It should not exceed $1 on $100. Then, with an SUDBURY, MASS. by Longfellow.) honest and equitable assessment and a prudent and judicious administration of the revenues, confine its delegated powers to frugal and honest administration 01 tho public revenues, limiting its scope to the preservation of public order and the administration of justice, with a view of protecting every real and sub stantial right, and leaving all else to the unfettered enterprise of the citizen. There are matters of assessment thai it Is extremely difficult to reach fully and entirely, and always will be, but In directly they can be reached. On that, together with some changes In our laws that I regard as desirable and Impera tive, I will write you again. L. AT THE HOTELS. THE PORTLAND Frank H Paul & wf, Seattle Tlllle Schefe, Seattle Aug St George, Chgo H D Thomas, Jr, X T J E Foley & dtr, La Grande C IV Nlbley & 2 dtrs. Baker City Emil Pursch, San Fr L Farrar, Salem Wm Golden, city Geo T Williams. Jr. Denver V Waldron, San Fran Geo T Wallace, Jr, Salt Lake F M Nichols & wf, At lantic, la C A Sawyer, Boston F D Xicol & son. Stockton Jas X Glllls, Sonora G W Nlcol, Sonora H E Blossom, San Fr B W Woodward & wf, Lawrence, Kan Slg Nelderberger, Chgo S Elmore. Astoria W P Day. USX W II McConvlll, Atlan tic, la G H Thorley, do Roderick L Maclcay, city 3fu $?& Fr c Hadonfeldt, S F Mas: ADranams, s F H Kelso. St Louis C A llacomber & wf, San Francisco Miss S C Golden, S F Mls G C Golden, S F Sam Cohen, San Fran Mrs L C Ohse, X Y F K Mott, Oaklnd.Cal DrCR Ray. GoldHIUI Jas T Prince. Atlanta F S Buttle, N T M Bernhelm, X T Mrs Noyes, Seattle F A Kenny, city Mr & Mrs Francis Gay & maid. Ha waiian Islands Cha! X Cooke & wife, Honolulu R A Cooke, do S A Burtt. N T G J Atkins, Chicago Julius Lyons, Kan Cy Lewis Hdll & wife, Weiser .Columbia River Scenery. Regulator Line steamers, from Oak street docK dally, except Sunday, 7 o'clock A. M. The Dnlles. Hood Kiver, Cas cade Locks and return. Call on, or 'fono Agent for further information. THE PERKIXS. G S Rankin, X Takm (John Russell, So Bend H F Harvey, Kimball, E Adams, Tygh Valley S D A C Jennings, Eugene G W Peck, do I Mrs A C Jennings, do Ward T Smlth.TaeomalW Lord. The Dalles A W Presley, Tekoa. jV H McChesney, Omaha J C Lawrence, Gar v h watson, umana Geo E Anderson, For est Grove neia. wash Hoyd Johnston, Con nellsvllle. Pa G W Gallagher, do D M French. Dalles A Bronsgeest. do jMrs G E Anderson, do morion u uowning, ao H A Baldwin. Wlnloek AG Matthews, Eugene L C Palmer. Bridal VI rrcu warier, uanus E E Williams, Ores C B Blsslnger, Phlla. G W Hlslop, Xew York W D Plants, Spokane John ai Mayhall, Ta coma C H Jenkinson. SallLk Mrs C H Jenklnson.do Mrs S X Avers. LaGrd) Master Plants, do F Kiddle. Island Clty S A Pierce, San Fran Merton Kludle, do D C Geftert, West Point, Neb Mrs D C Geftert, do Wm A W Greeley, Washington, D C Wm Geo C Lagmor, St Paul, Minn Mrs L. M Burnell, do Miss Burnell, do Master Burnell, do Miss E A Mitchell. Grant's Pass John Waldo Ellis, Seattle R HIght. Seattle John Kelly, Sioux City H K Read, Spokane Mrs H K Read, do W E Roynolds, Oak- G B Moore, McMlnnvl Wm Kra3Ig. Pendltn J H Klerchner, Omaha; Miss Cavanaugh, 511- verton. Or Miss HcClalne, do L J "Wolf, Sllverton Mrs O A Palmer, Marshland, Or Mrs J B Walters, do Mrs John Waterman, Baker City Mrs John Luntz, do Helen Waterman, do Emma Waterman, do n T Wills S.in 'Fran J W Farder, Alalneda R D Fulton, city A M Sanders, Dallas G Burns, Salem C J Irwin, Salem S Benson, Salem F M Blnne, Salem J O Wenn, city Mrs McPhilllps, As toria Mrs M McPhilllps, do Master McPhilllps, do J Q Williams, city R D Holder, Belle ville, 111 Leo J Pltner, San Fr Mrs Geo Squires, St PI C M Walker, Arllngtn Christen Stevens, do G D Palmer, Marshlnd Mrs A H Johnson, Chi nook Mrs W M Sture & ch, Walla Walla Mrs C W Sture, Milton F E Hobbs, Centralis, His THE IMPERIAL. C. W. Knowles, Manager. W H ClafTey, Seattle A T Vandevanter, Se attle C Lund. Dawson R Hamilton Glbb, Se attle J D Daulermann. Al bert Tjpil Minn F H Tost, Clarksburg, wash G E Lyman, Anacon da, Wash Mrs C H Williamson, Seattle H R Duffln, San Fran Mrs M Worth. Los Ang Mrs J S Beach, do Ma ster Beach, do S H Friendly. Eugene E A Rogers, Los Ansl Mrs Rorers, do B F Johnson, do Mrs Johnson, do Miss Johnson, do O F Jacobson. New port. Or Mrs Fred Ernst. Bak C Mrs M J Lutz, Seattle L V Druce, Seattle J M Smith, Seattle F W Spencer, Wis Dr C U Smyth, San Ft M M Zumwalt, Eugene A Oppenhelmer, San F G T Jones. Wis Mrs E E Purlngton, Pendleton F G Schmeer, do G L Lindsley, Rldgfld A Jones, city C A Sargent. Los Angl Mrs I H. Bingnam. Spokane Ben Bingham. do Rrace Blncham. do R J Jennings.Bohemlaj A D Ripley, vauejo A W Kendall. San Fr T B Sherer, Bethany, Mn Mrs S I Gulss, Wood- burn. Or Master Gulss, do D A Herrick, San Fr Miss Xellle Mlchell, Astoria Mrs R C Smeltzer. Cape Xome Bowen Van Arsdale, Stanford. Ky J K Van Arsdale. do Wm H Dolman, St Helens Austin Craig. Forest Grove C J Irtvin, city Hotel HrnnsTrlclr. Seattle. European; first class. Rates. 70c and up. block from depot. Restaurant noxt door. Tocoma Hotel, Tacoinn. American plan Rates, J3 and up, Donnelly Hotel, Tncoma. European plan. Rates. 50c and up. On Receiver for Insurance Company. NEW YORK, Aug. 17. Harry A. Han bury was today appointed receiver of the Tenders' Fire Insurance Company of New York. The appointment was made at the request of Attorney-General John C. Davlcs, on the allegation that the lia bilities of the company are largely in excess of the assets. The liabilities of the company, not offset by assets, ac cording to the statement mentioned, are at least 5130,000. OfHER RULES OF WAR ETHICS' OF ASIATIC AND APRICAK RACES DnTFEB. No rrotectlou lor Envoys Conger May Be Ssfer-Crnelties of Warfare. Ex-Attache In Pittsburg Dispatch. Murders of envoys, and Imprisonment, as well as torture of Consular officials, have signalized the earlier stages of nearly every conflict, that has taken place during the paat hundred years between the West ern powers and the dusky races of Asia and Africa. The fate, therefore, of the foreign diplomats at Pekln can excite no surprise on the part of those who pos sess any acquaintance with the Orient. Our civilization teaches us that the duty of providing for the safety of foreign en voys and of bearers of flags of truce, as well as of assuring them immunity from all harm and Indignity, constitutes the most sacred of the obligations that govern international intercourse. The civilization such as It is of the various Asiatic and African powers makes no such provision, and if a certain degree of protection Is accorded by them to representatives of European and American Governments, it is due rather to a fear of retaliatory measures than to any question of principle or acceptance of our high-flown ideas on the subject. This is only natural when It is consid ered that the Mohammedan religion and other lnfldel creeds expressly teach that no obligations are binding where Chris tians are concerned. The Orientals are blind, therefore, to tho mantle of invio lability with which we consider diplomatic officials to be invested. They regard tho envoys of tho WeBtern governments as mere "foreign devils," and entitled, in consequence thereof, not to their respect, but to their abhorrence and contempt, the hatred being intensified owing to the fact of the emissaries being' made the channel of every objectionable claim and preten sion on the part of the powers of the Oc cident. The consequence of this is that when ever an Oriental or African potentate be comes involved in war with Western na tions ho takes no steps for the safe con duct of the envoys put of his country, but either Imprisons them and puts them to death himself, or else by withdrawing all protection delivers them over to the tender mercies of his subjects to be mas sacred. It is a mistake, however, to believe that these outrages upon diplomatic and Con sular officials have constituted the origin of each war with Oriental nations. The murders of the foreign representatives have usually followed some provocation on the part of one or more of the West ern governments, and then the Innocent have Buffered with the guilty that la to say guilty from an Oriental point of view. For in .tho eyes of the dusky raoes all white men are of a kind, no distinctions being recognized, and It Is owing to this that the United- States Envoy at Pekin, despite the fact that his country has had no share in the seizure of Chinese terri tory along- the Pacific Coast line, has nevertheless been subjected to the same fate as the representatives of those Euro pean powers which have taken a leading part in the dismemberment of the Celes tial Empire. It is possible that ere this letter ap pears in print news may have been re ceived of the safety of Minister Conger and of the members of the American Legation. But there is no doubt that the German Envoy has been killed, and the very fact that three weeks have passed without any message or sign of life having been received from any of tho members of the foreign Legations at Pe kln is calculated to lead to the belief that they have shared the fate of Ihcir Ill-fated German colleague. The distance from Pekln to Tien Tsin is not far, about TO miles, and with relays of ponies I have covered it In a day be fore the construction of the railroad. In China one can accomplish almost any thing by means of money. Tho envoys could have easily found a trustworthy native to carry a message to Tien Tsin, and tho very absence of any such com munication naturally leads to the fear that if no message has come, It is be cause there was no one left at Pekln to send it. In the first war between England and China the latter followed up British prov ocation In connection with the opium question by imprisoning the English Con sul at Canton and his colleagues, and holding them as hostages. The second Chinese war was In the same way signalized, shortly after tho outbreak of hostilities, by the arrest of tho lato Sir Harry Parkes and the late Lord Loch, while bearers of a flag of truce, and engaged at Chinese headquar ters in the negotiation of terms of peace. They were imprisoned, subjected to ap palling tortures, and escaped with their lives in a most miraculous manner, after prolonged confinement, the European members of their suite, including Mr. Bowlby, of the London Times, being killed. England's various wars with Afghan istan were characterized by similar out rages,, perpetrated upon the members of the British diplomatic mission at Cabul, and the murder of Sir William Mac Naghten, In the Ameer's capital, In the early portion of Queen Victoria's reign, was followed in the latter part of tho 'TOs by the massacre of Sir Louis Cavag nari and his suite. The last English war on the west coast of Africa was embittered by the murder of the English Consul-General at Benin, while in the same way the British in vasion of Abyssinia, a little over 30 years ago, was precipitated by the action of the Negus in throwing tho English diplo matic agent and all the foreigners at his capital Into prison, as soon as ever he heard that the British Government had resolved to employ force In order to bring him to terms. It is owing to this failure of tha Orient al to observe the niceties of what we are wont to describe as the "Jus gentium," that is to say, the law of nations in mat ters of diplomatic procedure, and in war, that Western powers feel themselves re lieved of the necessity of a too strict ob servance of the rules that govern war faro among civilized nations. For instance, the Anglo-French force which seized Pekin 40 years ago delib erately reduced to ashes the world-famed Summer palace of the Chinese Emperors, the most fairy-like abode that it is pos sible to imagine, filled with the most priceless treasures. This was considered in the light of a perfectly Justifiable ac tion on" the part of the English and French commanders. Yet, if in 1S70 the Germans had deliberately applied tho torch to the palace of Versailles, and at tho same time reduced to ruins tho Louvre, crowded as it is with master pieces of art, it would have been regarded In the light of a most inexcusable and barbarous piece of vandalism, worthy of universal execration. Bullets of an expanding character, al though prohibited by the laws governing war among civilized nations, are freely employed in cases where the foe is of a dusky hue. and while the English have refrained from using the dum-dum bullet In South Africa, owing to the fact that the enemy by whom they were confronted wis white like themselves, there Is no doubt whatsoever but what they will use them In China, just as they did through out the Tlrah campaign, and throughout all the Indlnn frontier troubles. Indeed, the Indian troops now on their way to China are equipped with no other ammu nition than these dum-dum bullets. Then. too. the circumstance that Eng land should dispatch IndUn instead of white regiments to China indicates that the latter Is regarded as being "beyond the pale," as far as the obligations of the rules of war aro concerned. Thu3 our "Jus gentium" condemns the use by Chris tian nations of barbarians In their wars, and when Lord Beaconsfleld Drought a large contingent of Indian troops to Malta. In lS7S,xt a moment when England seemed to be on the brink of an armed conflict with Russia, a perfect chorus of denuncia- I tlon arose throughoufcSEurope, In which even urge Doaies.01 Jngusn peopio joinea. it being pointed out that France had for feited much of the sympathy which she would have otherwise enjoyed in 1STO m pitting- against the German invaders sev eral regiments of Turcos, a force made up of semi-savage Algerlnes, Kabyles and negroes. England would gladly have availed her self of her magnificent Indian army In the South African campaign had she not been unwilling to offend the rules of civ ilized warfare, and the only use to which she has put Indians during the struggle with the Boer republics has been as litter carriers and stretcher-bearers In connec tion, with the ambulance department. The Chinese, however, are not Chris tians, and, therefore, Indian troops can be used without any objection for the march on Pekin. The employment of Oriental troops adds to the horrors of warfare, since all the latent savagery of their na ture is brought to the surface, and in conflicts where they are employed few prisoners are taken, and there Is but lit tle call for the surgeons to attend to the enemy's wounded. It has been proved, in spite of all de nials, that during the last Soudan cam paign there "was much shooting and bayo neting of wounded Dervishes, the killlns being done by the black Soudanoae bat talion of the Egyptian army, while ap peals for quarter and offers of surrender were rejected on the ground that a Mah- d.ist was less troublesome when dead than alive. If this spirit of the black, troops some times communicated Itself to their white comrades, it was not surprising. For the white as well as the black soldiers of Lord Kitchener were -aware of the horri ble fate that awaited them In. the event of their being captured, besides realizing the fact that a wounded Dervish was at all times ready to use his knife, even upon the very surgeon who was tending his wounds or putting his -water gourd to the man's lips. In the war which France carried on for so many years against the semi-Independent tribes of Southern China, who, under the name of the "Black Flags," infested Tonquln, every French soldier who fell Into the hands of the enemy was put to the most horrible death, and many Is the time, when arriving before some "Black Flag" stronghold, the French troops havo been maddened with rage by the sight of the bodies of their comrades spitted to the walls of the place by means of huge hooks and sharp, knlfe-llko projections. Spectacles such as these were not cal culated to render men disposed to ob serve the civilized rules of warfare, and It is not astonishing under the circum stances that the struggle should have been carried on with a savagery on one side as well as on the other, which does not precisely constitute pleasant or Chris tian reading. I see by the dispatches from Shanghai that indignaton is expressed by some of tho foreign officers at Tien Tsin at the brutality and alleged barbarism of which the Russian troops are asserted to havo rendered themselves guilty. But it must not be forgotten that in. the first place the Russian troops, especially those sta tioned on the eastern part of the Czar's dominions, are more Oriental than Euro pean, being largely recruited from Cau casian, Central Asian and Siberian tribes, while their constant Intercourse with tho Chinese along the border line renders them more familiar with the Mongolian methods of dealing with foreigners that fall into their hands than the American, English and German naval commanders at Tien Tsin. One has only to glance through the rec ords of the last armed conflicts between China and the' European powers in order to obtain an idea of the incredible atroci ties to which tho white soldiers captured by the Chinese were subjected, flaying alive being one of their favorite forms of torture, while few can forget the fate of the French Consul and all the French missionaries and Sisters of Mercy at Tien Tsin, who were put to death in the most appalling manner by a mob of insurgents in 1870, the massacre, which was connived at by the Chinese authorities, being at tended by cruelties of too horrible a char acter to bear description, the recent slaughter of the missionaries and their converts at Tien Tsin having by a strange coincidence taken place on the very anni versary of the outrage of 30 years ago. The Russian troops, more intimately ac quainted with the extent of Chinese bar barity than their American and European comrades, are less Inclined to forbearance and should not be too severely blamed for displaying at, the outset of the war a degree of relentlessness which will doubt less extend to the entire allied army be fore the present trouble In China is brought to a conclusion. THE CHINESE TROUBLE. Christian Religion In No Degree Responsible for It. LA GRANDE, Or.. Aug. 16. (To the Editor.) Under the head of "Napoleon's Warning," in the issue of your paper of July 26, Edward Clayson, Sr., has some very timely remarks In regard to the "Treaty with China," and war wltlj those people. But the gentleman is rather ex travagant in his remarks In reference to the Christian religion. "Can a just man sustain the Christian robbers?" The gen tleman is not of a very analytical mind. The Christian religion, as such, is not any more responsible for the fraud and ill-treatment of the Chinaman than is the great Republican party for the re cent postal steals and scandals In Cuba. He Is apparently unable to discriminate between the Christian religion and the conduct of a certain class of men who pretend to be Christians, but who, in fact, are no more Christians than is Mr. Cla'yson perhaps not as much for he seems to have some idea of justice and mercy. I know there Is a relentless bigot of an apostate faith, now having his minions to conduct a missionary effort in China. It is a well-known fact that the system under which that mission work has been conducted and is now propagated has been conducive of much harm; that he "only serves to rob, and only rules to ruin." The true and noble Idea of the Christian religion is to make men better. It is not the acquisition of territory nor the plundering of personal property which prompts the true Christian In his effort. The object Is to improve the race. They go, not to destroy, but to rehabilitate. The Christian religion was not responsible for the greed of Clement V, the haughti ness of Boniface VIII, the frantic vio lence of Urban VI, the unutterable deg radation of John XXni. or the glittering insincerity of Leo X. Sacerdotalism Is ruined forever; but the paramount au thority of scripture, the indefeasible right of individual judgment, the duty and dignity of progress, the ultimate sovereignty of tho race over the indi vidual, the National Independence from all centralized spiritual authority, are established on basis which, so long as the world lasts, can never be removed. Tho hollow majesty of an artificial unity Is replaced by the vigorous freshness and intensity of an Individual faith. Confucius was a sage, yet he correctly described himself as "a transmitter," "not a maker." His example In more than one respect vas distinctly question able; he reduced religion to a reflex cer emony of empty proprieties; he gave no impulse to nonness; ne naa no sympathy with progress, and to him, beyond all question, in the opinion of close and can did witnesses. Is due In great measure the falsity, the senility, the atrophy (moral and Intellectual) of the vast race which chose him as their ideal. With every desire to admit the worth of Con fucius, with no temptation to deprecate his services, yet what candid reasoner. even were he an unbeliever In Chrlstlan- Every woman kssows fosis iQGS3 foelpoti bylLydS& Ea PInkhams Vsgat&ble GmpoismS Whst dcos this UiFlesidls&ysfeQistHj SQ$w6is wions thSs papera if you sse sMssg? don't try exprnrl ssjQsatsa Rely mn th& rsim fa!ea fflr&o PInkhmtn's great m&diolsae hms stood with' oisi S3 poos for thirty yBQPSa P&zzissf wc72icn wriim to Mr&i, Plukimm for srfvioe which she gives without oh&rgBa Tho sdvioo is cosifkiesstisi andl 'stoozarsioa it has helped a million wq bkossb Mrso Pisskh&m's address is JLymip Mass lty, could dream of comparing any one of the sacred books of heathen writings, or 'the men who originated th'em, or the systems in which they Issued, with the gospels, or with Christianity, or with Christ? J.-C. THOMAS, Presiding Elder, Pendleton District. Division of nn Archdiocese. WASHINGTON, Aug. 17. Advices have arrived hero which Indicate that the archdiocese of New York will again bo divided at an early date. Since Its crea tion In April, 1808, it has been divided seven times, the bishoprics of Albany. Buffalo, Rochester, Ogdensburg. Brook lyn, Newark and Syracuse having been formed out of its btfft-'idaries. It Is learned that one of the objects which prompted Archbishop Corrigan, of New York, and his ex-secretary. Bishop Mc Donnell, of Brooklyn, to visit Rome this Summer was to broach to the Papal au thorities the feasibility of making an other division. It Is said that If tho Pope deems this step advisable the Bishop of Brooklyn will be appointed coadjutor archbishop of New York, with the right of succession. The little Grand Duchess Olca. of Russia Is the richest infant In the world. The week she was born $5,000,000 was settled on her, and It Is said the sum, was Invested in British and French securities. 1 FHiiffll(jj Hsif vanish before the magic touch of Newbro's Herpicide, the latest scientific discovery. It kills the dandruff germs. Destroy the cause, you re move the effect. Kill the dandruff germ, and your hair will grow abundantly. Bt. Astsost, Idaho, Dec. 3, W. Eerpictdo does all that yoa claim fori:. It hu cleaned my heid from dandruff, and left my hair fine and soft. Oaixaz U. Cboubzo. For Sale at all First-CIass Dratf Stores. zqwamaMMemmm I will send free to any address, upon request, my beautifully Illustrated S0 page book, "THREE CLASSES OF MEN." It Is worth $100 to any weak man. It tells all about my DR. SANDEN ELECTRIC BELTS, and how they are used to cure such cases as rheumatism, lumbago, sciatica, lame back, kidney, liver and stomach disorders, sleepless ness, or any of those diseases peculiar to man. Write today or call at my office and consult free of charge. All our Belts are stamped with Dr. Sanden's name and date of patent. Take no other. Address as below. Dr. A. To Saoden CORNER FOURTH AMD MORRISON " PORTLAND OREGON Promotes the growth of. the hair and ! gives ittholustro andsllkuiess of youth. When tho hair 13 gray or faded IS BRINGS BACK THE YOUTHFUL COLOR. : It prevents Dandruff and hair falling S and keeps the scalp clean and healthy, i VVMVVtlVbVMlVVVVVVVVVVV If n;clM witn (Thompson's Eye frafer m 14 Am I m BALSARH I: THE PALATIAL feJSI 'Iff 111 ' j&JM y I v S rot kfjWiffi m 8 1 llilll JalWil If WhHBhSkI Not a dart ofuee In the bniiatns) nbsolntclr fireproof j electrlo lights And artesian waterj perfect aanlta tlon and t&orongh ventilation. Ele- vatora run day and nlsht. Jtoom. ADret,IE. DR. GEORGE. Physician. ...608-003 ALDRICH. S. "W.. General Contractor..... .610 AXTJERSCHf. GUSTAV. Attomfy-nt-Lnsr. ..813 ASSOCIATED PRE53: E. L. Powell. Mr..SS AUSTEX. F. C. Manag-er for Oreicon and "Washington Banker Ufo Aar-ciatlon. of Ds Motnesv la..... ............. .......302-303 BANKERS' LIFE ASSOCIATION. OF DE3 MOINES. 1A.;F. C Austen. Manarer..502-503 BAYNTTN. GEO. R.. Jlgr. for Chas. Scrtb- ner3 Sons ...818 BEAI.S. EDWARD A.. Forecast OJBciat U. S. Weather Bureau 010 BENJAMIN. R TV.. Dentlut 3U BINSWANGER. DR. O. S.. Phya. ft Sur.410-JU BROOKE. DR. J. M.. Phya. i" Eur TOS-TOO BROWN. StTRA. M. D. 313-31 BRUERE. DR. O. E.. Physician 412-113-JU BUSTEED. RICHARD. Arent Wllaon & Jtc- Callay Tobacco Co.1 C02-CC3 CAUKtN. G. E.. District Agent Travelers' Insurance Co. . . ........718 CARDWEI.U DR. J. R 601 COLUMBIA TELEPHONE COMPVNT cot-co3-co-R07-nis-ai4-(na CORNEt-ITJS. C. W.. Phrs. and Sureon....20a COVER. F. C. Cah!r Equitable Life . . .30 COLLIER. P. P.. Publisher; S. P. McGulre. Manager .... 413-411 AT. J. O. ft T. N. 31 DAVIS. NAPOLEON. President Columbia Telephone Co ......C01 DICKSON. DR. J. P.. Physician 713-714 DRAKE. DR Tt B.. ThyMclan 812-313-314 nWTER. JOE. P.. Tobaccos . 403 KDITORIAL RCOMS Eighth Hoar EQUITABLE L1FEA5ST7RANCE SOCIETT: L. Samuel. Mnnnrer: P. C. Cover. Cashler.SOJ EVENING TELEGRAM ...323 Alder street FENTON. J. D. Phvrtclnn and Surgeon. 300-3M FENTON. DR TITCKS C. Eys nnd Ear 511 FENTON. MATTHEW F.. Dentist 509 FIDELITT MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION E. C. Stark. Managjr 601 GALVANT. W. H.. Enslneer and Draughts man ..00 GAVIN. A.. President Oregon Camera Club. 214-215-21&J211. GE4RT. DR. EDWARD P.. Physician and Surgeon 212-213 Gni'.ntE PUB. CO.. Ltd.. Fine Art Publish- ers; M". C. McGreevy. Mgr .313 GIESY. A. J.. Phr.i!c!an and Surgeon.. .7CO-710 CODDARD. E C. Jfc CO.. Footwear .Ground floor. 120 Sixth street GOLDMAN. WILLIAM. Mnr.ngr Manhattan Life Insurance Co. of New York ....209-21S GRANT. FRANK S.. Attornev-at-Lnw 017 HAMMAM BATHS. King Compton. Proj.30J HAMMOND. A. B 3 HOLLISTER. DR. O. C. Phya. & Sur..B04-3OJ IDLEMAN. C. M.. Attcrnj-at-Law..41friI7-t3 JOHNSON. W. C 313-310-311 KADY. MARK T. Surxrvlsor of Agents Mutual Reserve Fund Llfa Ass'n 004-6CJ LAMONT. JOHN. Vice-President and Gen eral Manager Columbia Telephone Co 6C4 LTTTLEFIELD. II. R.. Phya. and ?urgeon..201 MACRUM. W. 5.. Sec. Oregon Camera Ouh.214 MACKAY. DR. A. E.. Phyw. and Surg. 711-715 MAXWELL. DR. W. E.. Phys. & Surg. .701-2-3 MrCOT. NEWTON. Atrorney-at-Law.. ...- MeFADEN. MISS IDA E.. Stenographer... 20t McOINN. HENRY E . Attomey-at-Law.311-313 McKELL. T. J.. Manufacturers' Represent ttve 3PJ Mxrrr. henry 21a MILLER. DR. HERBERT C. Dentfat anl Oral Surgeon 603-GCt MOSSMAN. DR.E. P.. Centlflt 312-313-314 MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of New York: W. Goldman. Manager. . 200-219 MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'N. Mark T. Kady. Supervisor of Agents. .G04-COT Mcelroy, dr. j. g.. Phys. .t sur.701-702-703 McFARLAND. E. B., Secretary Columbia Telephone Co. (W0 McGUIRE. S. P.. Manager P. F. Collier. Publisher 41B-41S McKIM. MAURICE. Attorney-at-Law. . . 309 MUTUAL LIFE 1NCURANCE CO.. of New Tork. Wm. 5. Fond. State Mgr. .404-403-408 NICHOLAS. HORACE B.. Attorney-at-Law.713 NILES. M. L.. Casnlcr Manhattan Life In surance Co.. of New York 203 OREGON !;:lUMMtr OF OSTnOPATTtT; Dr. L. B Smith. Osteopath 40S-40 OREGON CAMERA CLUB......214-213-210-2:r PATTERSON PETER lOB POND. WM. S . State Manage- Mutual Llf Ins. Co. of New York 404-405-409 PORTLAND EYE AN DEAR -INFIRMARY. .....Ground floor. 133 Sixth street PORTLAND MINING & TRUST CO.; J. H. Marshall. Manager .6X'i .319 QTJIMHY. Ik ' P w- Game and Farentry Warden 716-717 ROSENDALE. O. M.. Metallurgist and Min ing Englne-r 313-510 REED & MALCOLM. Opticians. 133 Slxst strt RUED F C.. Fish Commissioner... 407 IVYAN. J. B.. Attorney-at-Law ....417 SAMUEL. L.. Manager Equitable Life. . 304 SECURITY MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO.: H. F. Bushong. Gen. Agent for Ore. and Wash 801 SHERWOOD. J. W.. Deputy Supreras Com mander. K. O. T. M 317 SMITH. Dr. L. B.. Osteopath ..408-409 SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 8W STARK. E. C Executive Special. Fidelity Mutual Life Association of Phlla.. Pa. . 001 STUART, DELL. Attorney-at-Law 817-013 STOLTE. DR. CHAS. E.. Dentist 704-70$ SURGEON OF THE S. P. RY. AND N. P. TERMINAL CO 701 STROWRRIDGE. THOS. H.. Executive Spe- clat Agent Mutual Life, of New York 40 SUPERINTENDENTS OFFICE 201 TUCKER. DR. GEO. P.. Dentist 810-611 U. S. WEATHER BUREAU. .. .0O7-00S-00O-ai U. S. LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS. 13TH DIST.. Captain W. C Langfltt. Corps of Engineers. U. S. A U. S FVGINEER OFFTCE. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. Captain W. C Langfltt. Corps of Engineers, U. S. A. Sit WATERMAN. C. H.. Cashier Mutual Uf of New York ...... 40a retary Native Daughters 716-711 WHITE. MISS L. E.. Assistant Secretary Oregon Camera Club 21 WIL30N. DR. EDWARD N.. Phys. 4 Sur.304-3 WILSON. DR. GEO F.. Phys. A Surg 708-70T WILSON. DR. HOLT C. Phya. .t Surg.307-60J WILSON & McCALLAY TOBACCO CO.: Richard Busteed. Agent 602.fiOj WOOD. DR. W. L.. Physician 412-413-414 WILLAMETTE VALLEY TELEPH. CO.. .814 A tfe-rr more eleprant offices mar b had by applrlnff to Portland Trust Company of Oregon. 101) Third t., or to the rent cleric in the bnlldlnpr. MEN No Cure No Pay 5fM THE MODERN APPLIANCE A poalttvs way to perfect manhood. The VACUUM THEATMJSNT CURES you without medicine ot all nervous oc diseases s: the generative or gans, such as lost manhood, exhaustive drains. t a-4ru1 fTTlTtntlni-V- Afl fTl 9 HlllcklV Tft. stored to perfect health and strength. W.- for circulars. Correspondence confidential. THE HEALTH APPLIANCE CO.. rooms 47-41 Safe Deposit building. Seattle. Wash,