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About The Oregon Argus. (Oregon City [Or.]) 1855-1863 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 4, 1860)
Juarez, if, on lii arrival iu Mexico, be i!ioul. find It entitled la Mich recognition, ulvo.-i. Ing to the established praelica of tl.e United Btatci. Oil the "tli of April follow In?, Mr. M Lane presented his credentials tu l'rcsidcnt Juarcx, having no limitation In pronouncing tlx government of J u u rex to lie tlio only txistuitf government of tli Republic. J iu was cordially received ly the authorities ut Vera (.ru, ami they have ever iiiico limn Iicktiu the most friendly d.Kposit.ou toward the, United Stale. Unhappily, nowever, t:u i,oiiiaitiiiunaI ijovvriuiivni ua inn iic ii udi.'! ti e-t.iMiHii it.H power OTer the nil ilu Republic. ItlSMippnrttd ly a largo majority of the ik nu'o und tlie Hliites, lint there are important part of the country where it can eiilorce no oocdictice, Uh. Miraiiiuu maintains hinudf at tlie capital, and iu some of the d.'.taut provin ce there nro .Militury Governors who pay littla n njK'tt to the decrees of either gov ernment. imrMEXT OK MPXIfAV OlTBaCM O.V AMUR- ii ax aniKst. In the meanwhile the excite which al ways attend upon civil war, especially in Mexico, ar constantly recurring. Out rages of the wir.H dcscr'ptioii lire commit ted, both upon persons mid pm e ty. There is scarcely any form of injury which hue not been buffered by our citizens in Mexico during the lunt few yean. We hare been iioitruully at peace with that Re pulilic; but no far as the in'e e U of our commerce or of our citizen who have vi Ited the country a uicrchuuts, shipmasters, or in other cupa itics, are concerned, we m'ght as well have been at wur. l.ifu has been insecure, property unprotected, nud trade imjKissiblit, except ut u r'sk of loss which prudent im-n cannot be expected to Incur, Important contracts, luvolving lr;;e expenditure, entered into by the Central Government, bare beeu aet at iMi nice by tho local Government. J'eaceful Amer ican residents, occupying their rightful pos seasioin, hare been suddenly fX lied from the country, in defiance of treaties, and by tlio niero force of arbitrary power. liven J the course of justice ha not been su!e from control, and a recent decree of President Mirainon permits the Intervention ol the government iu ull suiU li re either party is a foreigner. Vessels of the United State have beeu sciM.il without law, and a Consular officer who protected against such sei.uro lias been fined and imprisoned for disrespect to tho authorities. Military con tributions have been levied iu violence of every principle of right ; mid the A mcricaii who resisted the lawless demand lias hud liia property forcibly tuken away, nod litis been himself banished. From a conflict of Authority in diff. rent parts of the minify, tariff duties which have been paid in one place, hare beeu exacted over again in an other place. Large nuuiliiT of citizens have been arretted and imprisoned, without any form of examination, or any opportu nity for ft henrin;;, and even when released, have only obtained the r liberty after much suffering ami injury, and without any hope of retires. The wholesale massacre of Cinb'-a ami hi associates without trial, in Sonora, ns well as the seizure nud murder of four Amer icana, who had tukeu shelter iu the home of an American, upon the soil of the United states, was coiiiiiiuu cited to ( undress ut its I. ist session. Murders of a still more atrocious character have been Committed in tho very heart of M 'xieo, und r the author ity of Minimon's (joveiiimenl, during the present year. Somu of these were only worthy of a barbarous age, and if they had not been clearly proven, would have eincil Impossible in a country which e'uiius to be civilized. Of tli's description was tint bru tal massacre, in April last, by oiderof Manplez, of threu American physicians, mho were sei.ed iu the hospital of T.ieu 'byu, whilu aHumling tho Rick and dying of Dot 1 1 parties, am who, wttliout trial, were lliimcil nwny to speedy executant. Utile less shocking was the recent fate of Ornitmd Cliase, who was shot iu T.pie on the 7th nf August lust by ordi r of the same Mexican (jeneral, not only without a trial, but without any conjecture by his fiieiidsof tho cause of hi arrest. Ho is represented us a young man of good char acter und intelligence, who J iudo . aileron friends iu Tcpic, by the courage and Immunity which hti hud displayed on sev eral tryiiiff occasions, and In death was as unexpected as it was shocking to the whole community, is Til i:ue no iiKMi.nv ? Other oulruiri illicit be illustrated, lint these uru sulhYiciit to illustrate the wretch ed stale ol the country and the unprotected condition of the persons ami property of our citizens in Mexico. In all these cases, our ministers have been constant mid faithful in their deiiiiu.da for redress, but both t!;ey anil this government, which they hue suc cessively represented, huvu beta wholly powerless to make their demands effective I'htir testimony, iu thlswvsiicet. and in ref erence to the only remedy, which in their judgments would" meet the exigency has been both uniform and emphatic, " Noth ing but n manifestation ol the (internment of tho United States," wrote a late Minis ter in ISM, "und of its purpose to punish these wrongs will avail. I nsure voii that the universal belief is, that there is' nothing to bo apprcll'iided from the (loi-crm.i..n ni' h United State, and that local Mivvcan . official csn commit theso outrages upon American citizen with absolute impunity." " I hope the President," wrote our present Minister in August last, "will M author ized to a-k from Congress the power to fil ler Mexico with militury forces of lh,. Uni ted States, at the call of the constitutional authorities, in order to protect tlie citizens and the treaty right of the United States. Unless such a power is conferred npon him, neither the ona nor the other will lie r. '. a well a to the prevent and past; and which involve, indirectly, at least, tho whole mibject of our duty to Mexico a a neighboring Stute. The exercise of power of the United State iu that country to re dress the wrongs a id protect the right of our citizen, is none the lea to b desired becuuse i flicieut ami necessary aid may thu be rendered nt the sumo time to restore peace and order to Mexico its. If. In the a rcomplishmeiit of thii result the people of the United State must n rwarily l 'I deep interest. Mexico ought to be 11 rich, prosperous and powerful Republic. She posessean extensive Territory, f'NJe soil, and an Incalculable atore of mineral weulth. She oeeiipii' an important posi tion between the Gulf und theOeiun for transit route and for commerce. Is it pos siblu that such a cou'itry a this cuu la given up to anarchy and ruin without any effort from any quarter for its rescue and its safety? Will the commercial nation of the world, which have so many hit r Ms con nected with it, remain wholly indifferent to such a r.-jult? NO RLUKbY WITtlol'T Atti F 110 II Tilt: I'MTCI) Can the UniU-d Stitc, cpoe'iilly, wliith ouglit to sliare most largely in its commer cial iiit-rio irsp. n'loiv tln-ir imnied at neighbor thus to destroy itself mid injure them? Vet without support Iroin omc iinartcr, it I iuiprg iljle to perceive how Mexico ran resume her o lion umong na tions, mid enter upon a career which prom ise any goo I re-ultc. Too aid which al-e requires, und which tic interest of all com mercial countries reipiirv that she should have, it belongs to this (jovcrnment to ren der, not only by virtue of our neighborhood to Mexico, along whose ttrrltory we have a continuous frontier of nearly :j,000 mile, but by virtue aNo of our i stublished policy, which is iucon iistcut with the intervention of any European power iu the domestic concerns or that I'epublic. The wrongs which we have suffered from Mexico nru before the world, and must deeply impress evi ry American citiz-n. A government which is it'icr unable: or un willing to redress such wrongs is d rvliit to its highest dutiei. The diilieully consists in selecting and enforcing the remedy. We may in vain apply to tiie t'oictitutionat Government nt Vera ('run although it is well disposed to do us justice ""ora 1' ipiatc re Ires. Whil.it its authority i acknowl edged in all the important ports 11 ml throughout the roist of tlie Republic, it powi r docs not rxtcml to the City o!' Mexico nnd to State in its vicinity where nearly nil the recent outrages have been comiuitHl on American cit zens. AX regular aduiiiistrut.on of Justice. Murbr, rapine, and other cr.iu, ure comiuiitei with imnuiiitv. I then fore again call the otleiitiou of C'lngres to the liecesaity of etiildiliuig a lirritoriul govcriimeiit over Arizona. Otn BKI.ATIOX WITH S(CABA(ifA. The treuty w.tli Nicaragua of the l!th February, l"9, to which I rcft rrd iu my la t Annual MeMHite, failed tl M-eire the rutifjcal on of thu Government of that lie public, for reason I need not enumerate A liu I ir treuty bus been since concluded I el ween the pnrtici bearing date on the llith March, 1 m.V.I, which bus ulready been ratified by the Nieuraguiiii Congres. Tiiis will be immediately submitted to the Senate for their raldic.ition. Jt provision can not, I think, fid to be acceptable tu the people of both countru s. CLAIM AOAIXST TIIF. inXTnAI, AiiriSICAX (JOVKIIXMHXT. Our claims ng iinst the governments of Uostu lieu uu I .Yc rugua, remdu inire- drtSHitl, though they are pressed in an cur liest manner, and not without Iiojkj ol sue (VKS. I'llOTECTIO.V OF Till! ISTIIUf TIIAXSIT. I derm it to be my duty, once nior", oar n' ally to rccO'iini'md to (.'ougr.-n ti c p-; sage of a law authorizing the Pp-a'th-nt to employ the naval lorn nt hi command for the purpose of protecting the live nal property of American citizen pausing iu transit uero the 1'uiiuma, .Mcaragun, and Tehmintepto routes, against midden and lawlesj o'ltlrOika ntld A pre datioris. I shall not repent tlm arguments employed in former messages in support of this men sure. Suffice it to say, that the lives of many of our people, nn'l ther-curity ol vast amounts of treasure passing nnd repassing over one or more of these routes between tho Atlan tic: and Pucill'! may be deeply involved iu the action of Congress on this subject. FCOOESTIOM TO EXTRI KT TUB MAn-SIAKI.VO or WAR-uncLAntxa powkh to the ritr.si- KENT. I would ulso recommend Congress that nutliorty be given to tho President to em ploy tlie naval force lo protect American, merchant vessels, their crews, mid cargoes j again' violent nii'l lawless seizure anil coii-fi-enfion in the ports of Mexico nud the Spanish American St itis, when these coun tries may be in disturbed and revolutionary coad't'on. Tlie mere knowledge that such nil authority hna conferred ns I have u. ready Mated would of itself, in a preut de gree, prevent the evil; ne'ther would this reipiiro any udditlotiul aipropnut:o:i for the niiviil aervice. ARSIE!) INTKIIVKXTIOX AND OCCll'ATIO:.' OK MEXICO IIECOUMKNOKII. We niii4 penetnite into the interior be fore we ran reach tiio offenders; mid this can only be done by pushing through the territory in the occupation of the Constitu tion d Government. The most ncce tn'dc mid least ilifilcult nolo of aeionplishiag the object, will bo to act in conc. i t with that government. Their consent and their aid might, I bilieve, be obtained; but, if not, our obligation to protect our own citi z ns in tle ir rights, secured by treaty, would not be the less imperative. For these reasons, I recommend to Con gress to pass a law iiuinorizing ine its- dent, under such conditions as they n y deem expedient, to employ n sufficient mil" lary to enter Mexico for the purpose of ob taining "indemnity for the past and secur ity for tho future!" I purposily refrain from nny suggestion ns to whether this force shall enns st of regular troops, or vol uut trs.or both. Ties ipiestion tiny be most appropriately 1. ft to the decision ol Congress. 1 would nu r ly observe lh it, idiould volunteer be sell cteil, such a force could be easily raised in this country among thos'.' who sympathise with the sufferings ol our uulorlniiatu fellow cit'zens in Mexico, and with the unhappy condition of that Re public. Such mi accession to the forces of the Constitutional Government would ena ble it soon to reach the City or Mexico, and extend it power over the whole Republic In that cviut, there is no r n o:i to do ibt that the just claims of our citizens would be satisfied, and adequate redress obtained for the injuries indicted upon them. The Con stitutional Government has ever evinced n strong des're to uphold justice; ami this might be secured iu advance by a prelimi nary treaty. oiuniTioxs to this roi.u v .minrATni ami AN.swEitnn. It liny be said th.it thw measr.r s will, nt least indirectly, b inconsistent, with our w ise and settled policy not to interfere iu the done-tie concerns of foreign nat'ons. lint docs not the present case fairlv con-ti-tuto an exception? An adjoining' Repub lic is in a state of anarchy ami coufu-ion, from which she has proved wholly minbl' to extricate herself; she is entirely destitute of the forces to m lintaiu pence upon her borders, or to prevent the iuciirs'ons of ban- it tti into l.cr territory. In her fatennd her fortune, nnd her pow er to establish and maintain a settled gov ernment, we have n fur deeper interest so cially, commercially, and politically, than any other nation. She is now a "wreck upon the ocean, drifting about ns she is im pend ny ilillerent factious. As pood neighbors shall we not. extend to her a help ing hind, tosavo her? If we do not it would not be surprising should some other n ition und rtuke. the task and thus force ns to interfere nt Inst, under circumstances or incren.-cd difficult v. for the our established poiicy. ai:mi:i) otvnwriov or soxoiu and tut- IIIAIUM. I repeat the rtvomnirndution contained io my la.t Annual Message, that authority " o ti' i'rcsaleiit to cstabih OIMEITIOX AXTtiMPATEO AN'D AXjSWEI'.EO. The object 'on ir n d agaisr.t t!i.; gi'.iid of this authority is that Congress by confer ring it would viol.ite the Constitution that it would be a transfer of the wnr-niak:ng, or, sir'ctly spcuk ng, the warnlei I iriiig power to tlie incentive. II tii.s were well loan ed, it would of course he coiic'us've. A very brief examination, however, will p'aci l ie ooji-c! o i nt r 'St. Uongnss pussessis tin solo mill excius vo i owcr. on !cr the iimH.iutinii, to iieciiiro war. lueyalouo can ra se nn I support armies, nnd provn ami maintain a navy. Alt' r Congre s hu!l have declared war provided the force necessary to carry it on the rrcsaletU, n.i commander-in-chief of the nrmy and navy, can nlone employ mis lorcc in m irciim nga:nst nn enemv. Ili.s is the plum language; mi l hiMorv proves nun it was tlie Known luteal on ol tho rraiuers of the Constitution. It w.ll not be deuie I that general power tod"clan war is without imitation, and inibr.i- cas witlrn it elf not o ily what the wrib rs on the law ot nations t nn a publ e or per icci war, oui a iso nn impiriect war; in s'mrt, every species of hostility, however conliucil or limited. .thont the authority oi t o igr. ss, i ne ITcsalcnt cannot lire a hos tile gnu i.i any case, except to r p. l the at tick ol nn enemy. It will not be doubted t nit under this power, Congress could, if l icy tl. ouglit proper, authorize the Pre dent to employ the force nt his command to ic'ze n vtss.-l belonging to nil Auuricau cit mi, who h ul been illegally mid unjustly captured in a foreign port, mid restore i"t lo its owner. Rut can Congress only act n,r the fact, long alter the mischief' has been done? Have they no power to con fer upon the President tiie authority, in ad vance, to luriiish instant redress, should such a case nlterwards occur? Must they wait until tho mischief has been done? Can they apply the remedy only when it is too lite? ' ' Tttt: fr.E:"i;irxT tkixic.s coxnnrsi can ra I'OWKIt ;m to make war To confer this authority to meet future cases, under circumstances strictly specified, is ns clear within the wnr-i'eelaring power as such an authority conferred upon the President by the net of Congress after the deed has been done In the progress of a irrcnt nation, many exigencies must arise, iinperat vc!y r ipiir'ng that Congress should authorise tiie President to act promptly oti certain conditions which may or may not uu i n in ii nn ?"(., Our history has nlivndv tub faiu iu; p om.ih to nm aip-io- rilMTlOX lllllJl. The 3.'jth Cotigri-n t rminiited on the 31 i.t M m h lijj'J. without having imiued the act inaking nppropiiatiou for the aervice of the Post Office Ihpurtllli-lll liuringiue iim ui year ciid ng the IlOlh of June, ISIlO. This act also coutaiiii-d an appropriation to sup ply deflciencii ill the IW Oft1-e Mart nn nt fur the year nubng uOtli of June, lM.',a. I Ulievo this i tha first instance s in the origin of the Federal Government, now more than seventy rears ego, when any Congress went out of cxitei.ce without hav ing pnud the general appropriation lull mil irr to curry on the Government until the regular period for tho meeting of a new Conirrch. This event impoed on tho l.'x- ccutive a grave responsilul.iy. It pn-sent il a choice of evils. I f id this omlsroii of of duty occurred at the fir't s- on of the last Coiigreiw, the reiiinly aould have la en plain. J might thill have Instantly rccullell tlx in to complete their duty, ami thi with out expense to the uoveriimr-i.t. i.ut on the 4th of .March lut there wi re fifteen of the thirty-three State wh'ch hail i:ot cl' ti ed niiv R -insentuiivi lo the present Con- L'res. H id Conifres been called together imiueiiiiitely, these Stiilis would l ave la n virtually d iraiieh'si il. If an hit runiliite iierio lhad Ihcii wlcttd. verul of the State i would bavo bn-n compelled to hold uu extra Mission of their I,cirislulurs. at great inconvenience am! expcnsi- top ovide for elections nt uu enrbcr it iy than that previously fixed by law. In the p-gulur course, tell of these State woulil not I Ml till after the beginning of August, and five of the.se ten not till October ami NovciiiImt. On the other hand, when I came to exiiin no closely the condition of the Post Office Department, I did not meet fo many or great diflleiilt:e a Iliad nppn II llded. Had the bill which failed been confined to appropriations for the fiscal rear ending on "Dili June next, there would have la-en no reason of pressing importance for the call of an extra aessioii. Nothing would be come due on contracts those with railroad companies only excepted for cirrrimr tlie mail for the first ipiarP r of the present fi-cal or, cnnim iieing the first of J ul v, until the first of llecclnbcr less than one Week be fore the meeting nf the present Congress. 1 ne reason is, I'uit mad contractors Tor this, the current year, did not complete their first (piurter'a service until the 4ih ol September; und by the terms ol their contracts, sixty days more are allowed for the settlement of their accounts before tho Department could be called upon for payment. Thu great difficulty nnd tho great hardships consisted in the failure to provide for the payment of the Uclicii ncy iu Hie lisi ul ymr einl:ng:illlh June, 1K59.' Tho Department hadenttr tl into contracts, in obed'enee to the existing laws for the services of that fi-cal year, and thu contractors were fairly cntith d to their compensation ns it bcCiine due. The defi ciency, as stated in the biil, amounted to $3,s:iS, 7 JS; but lifter a careful settlement of ull these accounts, it has been ascertain ed that it amounted to$ J.tjDti.OOD. W.th the scanty means at his command, the Post niiistcr General has managed to pay that portion of the th lic'eney which accrued in the first two quarters of" tlie past Cscul year ending on the 31st December last. In the meantime, the contractors themselves, under these trying circumstances, have behaved ill a manner worthy of ull coniinendatlnn.- Tie y hud one rcsourc; in the midst of the cniiiarrassinent. A.ter the amount due to each ofrlc.ni hud beeu ascertained and linu!- ly settled according to law, this became a specific debt of n cord against thu United States, which enabled them to borrow mo ney. On this questionable security, still they were obliged to pay interisti'iiiul in cons (pienec of the default of Conirress. nnd on every principle of justice, they eight to receive interest iroin the Government. 1'his interest should commence from the dale when a warrant would have issued for the payment of the principal, had mi impropri ation heen made for the nurnose. C.ileii- ited up to 1st December, it will not exceed fciiii.dliu a sum not to be taken into oc count when contrasted with tho difficulties ami cinoarrnssmt nts of n public nud private character, both to the people and the States, which would have resulted from co n eninir and holding a special session of Congress. For these reasons. I recommend the hussar- or n bill nt an earlr day as may be pructi- uble, to provide for tho payment of the amount, with Interest due, to those men tioned contractors, as well as to make the necessary appropriation for tho service of the Post Office Department for the oui rent fiscal rear. ft number of such presented pectetl in (he fxiMu.g state of anarchy nnd I ,w or ""ore temporarr military posts across disorder, uud the outraws already nernefp... I "he Mexican line in S.'.imi-,. ...,ii . n.:i' .i. . . , -' I l .1 - 'MIIIJtlMII.I, ...K. .. . .1. . - , ,r ,,e .,t.lWilrv , frt the bves of Aincrican nd Mexican citizens ntfamst the incursion n. depredations of led will never be eh istised; and ns I assure yon hi my No. 2:1, ull these evils must in crease until everr vestige of ord r and "ov- pnn.n.t .13.. t. .1.. . . " " -"I'l'i-nn imiiii uu' fouiurv. ' i "' 'i as lawless rovers In tleii navo lieen reluctantly led to the same opin-1 r,";,,! g'ol. Tiie establishment ol one ion j and in justice to mr countrymen bo 1 l"u''1 1"'"1 at a point called rrisU in S v have suffered wrongs from Mexico, and I !'or'V ' "'"try now !,(t depopulated who may still suffer them, I feci bound to ! ' inroads of the Indian fro nnounco this conclusion to Congress. The i "r si,!o "f !e line, would it i Miev.M case preseuttil, however, is not merely a 1 prevented much injury and many eru- "7 "KKiuai i-miuis, dllllOllcn our just v""" wiring llle p:ist S,-.MH1. tiuinis nyaiiisi .Mex.tsa leivw ro, h,ul . r..r- - lawlessness ami i- ., .., iitrKe .mouni. .or is it merely the ease of, " Irontier. 1. fe and A state of prevailed in that property are protection to the lives and protertr of the I ,h,'re ,,0"y insreure w .A.nen,., wno run, M il Muuio in i tikritokiai. covi avMrvr roR 4-ov. Mexico although the life .tll pro,rtv of oaai vnrV i. . . . w ,., , g? a cases. I wd r..r..i- ouiy io mo l itest, under tho resolution oi .nine I'd, .iS, for the ndjiistuient of uuiicuincs witn the. llcmi b e of l,ir,- nn it . ..ni-.ii.j, i no I ri'Mit nt is nut'orized to ado such measures and use such force i his judgement may be necessary and ad i ii nc, in mo event ol a refusal of ins S.llwfli-t'.m I... r v i'f niivcriimcni oi jiini- giny. Sitisfactiou for what? For the in i.i. it u o:i the Luited States steamer ater Witdi, and other matters referred 111 'he Annual Message of tho Presi dent. Hcre the nniier ! ..v,i-....l.. . I ., I ' ! '." Haiu- i "1""' i"o comi.tion that tho govern iiiem i'i inrannay shall refuse to render miis jusl sitisfact on. In this mid other s iniiar puses, i ongress has conferred upon tlie I resident power in udvance, to em ploy me army and navy upon t!,e h,m. pen ng oi coiitimreiit ruture events ; nnd tlr's most cirtainly is tmbraccd within tlie power to declare war. Now, if this coiniuonal contingent power could be oousMut ona!!y conferred iqitin the Pres i lent, in the eae of Paraguay, why may it hot no coal, rrcil Tor the iiurpose of i " 1 K l:'e i ves una projierty of Amer ce in c.lizeiis, j the event that they may Viocntly n'.d na'awfully attacked, i'u pass.ua; over the transit routes, to and rroin ( uh.ornia, or addled by th sci nre or t.ieir vessels in for.-in inirts? To deny th ,,Wl.r U , w m a cr.at 4m, u,ol,s, for thc t on of Am.-rc.rn citizens. i countries wiiere pMtet tio,, nor .,1 b , trwise obaitid. ntror.T.vNT nrn.r.cTio.Ns ox tub si-weit. The failure to pass the Post Office 15.11 necessarily gives birth to serious reflections. Congress, by refusing to puss the general appropriation bills necessary to carry on the .overnment, may not only arrest its notion nit might even destroy its existence T,. Army, the Navy, the Jiidlc'nrr in lm- every department ol the Government can no longer perform their functions irr'. pvra reuses the money i;-:rS,iirv fur t,,ci support. If this inilure should 'teach the country tlie necessity 0f electing a full Cou- mcss in siuiicicnt time to enable thc Presi dent to convene them iu nny emergency, . .... ii ...leiuuiciy utter the old Comrross has expired, it will have been produ'etivo of K.S-..1 Ki.o., in nine of sudden ami alarinimr dini.i-f-r f,ti-..:.F.. .J .! ...v.,,,,, uiiiiicsiic, wiiicii all na tions must expect to encounter in their pro gress. 1 ,e very salvation of our insiit,,. ions may be staked upon the assembling of Congress without delay. If. ,!,., ?..., v i. ii'iisiauces. tiio l'i-es ,1.i,f Bl,i.i e...i himself in the condition b. u-i,;..i. i . I . . ., . " ' III? WHS pla.ed at. tl.e close of the lust Congress Wit I lt. I. ..If .1 tl. . . - - . . ...... v , , it. tllt(.3 0,- t,10 Uni destitute nf . . " ' l'it-si-lll it yea. t in mi..-i. .p.. .ices miejni i, ,,sastrons. I therefore recommend to Congress to carry into effect ...v iuin.iiii W Ilia CtiK hit mt .1.' o..l.r.,. . """'"'l Ull Ull ' 1 . a la"r "I'l'hti"? (onie day . .. 1 01 Manh m wch Tear of o ld number, for the ehetio,, nf sent.itiVnc tl....... .. .... . -I'll have ii reai v n.,.,.it. ,i . .i .. . J -.- -ii "i u nay lor I he e .-e. tion of tdectors for IWU.f ..i v ; I . . , . "v "'. t let- Ident; and this nien.np.. i i . .. . - ..t i ..1 I.t..u.Pt..l..-M Al Vlliceil II I ivt r "i t i" ' I - this Kadroiid. I have iicvi r dmililed the coii.titulional toinH leiicy ol Cougres to ,,r,.ti.' for its count ruction, lull lies exem- s.ielv under the WaMlittkilllf power, slil.-, the Cont.tulionexpri'sly requ re, as an ImiKTutive duty, that the United HtnU shall protect each of the Nate ngahist III mi.:.ii I uin nt a loss to connive how thii protection can UmlTsirdi d to California and Oregon against nucli a naval power by any other nn aus. I rejicnl tn opinion run taiuetl In my last annual incsui.' that it would lie liiextKilit iit for the Government to undertake this j;reat work ly ogi-nt of its own appointment, and under lis uireci and exclu-ive control. This would Increase the PiitronaL'e of the Kxecut ve to a dan gerom exlinit, and would foster a system of jobbing and corruption, which no vigilance on the part or federal olllcial count pre ... ... vent. J he I'oiislructioii nt mi roanoiigin then fore, to U entrusted to Ineorpuratit coiiipBuii, or oilu r ngencii, who would exercise that active and vig.lant m( er vis ion over it which can be supplied nloae by a sense of corporate and individual interest. I venture to assert that the additional cost of traiisi on nig troop, munitions of war, and necessary supplies for t c iirmy, ro t ie vast iiiti-rvci.iiig plums, to our possess- io is on the I hc (ie, would lie greater in such a war than the whole amount required to construct the road; and yet, this resort would after all be imuleipiato for their de fense and protection Tlir riXANTMI. CONDITIO Of TIIK COI NTItr. We have yet scarci ly r.t ovi n d from the habits of extravagant expenditure produced by uu overflowing treasury, during several years prior to the cemm -m cincut of my Ad- m.nistrat.on. Itie liuauelal reverses which we have since rxperi -need, ought to teach us all to scrutinize ourcxH-iid, tuns with thc grcati st vigilance, mid reduce them to the lowest possible point. I he r.x.-culivo Do- partiiienls of the Government have di voted themselves to the accomplishment of this object, with considerable success, as will ap pear from their d ffreiit repot is and est. timute. To these I invite thc scrutiny of t.ongrcss, tor tlie purpose or reducing tlu m st. II lowir, if this be practicably consistent w t!i the great public interest or the coun try. In aid of the policy of retrenchment, I pledge myself to examine closely the bills appropriating laud or inom y, so that if any ol these should inadvertently mis both Houses, us must souit fines be lh tease, 1 may afford them the opportunity lor r-con-siiltMtion. At thu same time, we ought never to forget that true public economy ciai ists iu not withholding the menus neces sary to iiccomplsh iiupnit lit national oli- jeets, ( Olill led to us by the Coiisliliiliou, but In taking cure that the money appropriated for these purposes Hindi bo fuitlifully uud frugally expend tl. It will appear from tho Report ol the Seen tary of tlm Treasury that it is ex tremely doubtful, to say the least, whether we shall be able to puss throtc'h the present and tlie next fiscal yer without providing a Id lioiial revenue. This can only be uo ctiiii.l.shcd by strictly confining tlie appro priations within the estimates of tho (Lifer ent I), partnieiits, without making nn allow ance for nny additional e.vpenililiin s which Congress may think proin r in their discre tion to nnthorlz', witliout providing for the rem nipi:on oi any port on or the twenty m II on dollars of Treasury notes w li t h have been ulready issued, in the event, of a defi ciency, which I consider probable. Tli: oiiginnever io no sippbed by a n sort to iidd.tionul loans. It would lie n ruinous pruetice, in the days of peace and prosper ity, to go on inert asing the nnt'iund debt to meet tlm ordinary expciie of Government. This policy would cr .p.- our resources, and impair our credit iu cuse the ex'stence ol war should render it necessary to borrow money. Should such n d. ficiency occur us apprehended, I would recommend that the necessary revenue bo raised by an increase or present duties on imports. I need not repent tho opinions expressed in my last unuiiid message as to the best mode mid manlier of accomplishing this object, nud s!'ull "ow rely observe that these have since undergone no change. The Report of the St 'Cl'et.ii-y nf llin Treasury will explain in detail tl in ft ni t.i- Otis of that Department of the Govern. nn ut. The receipts into the 'I IVflciirv ("mm all sources during tlio fiscal year endiinr oOlh June. lSoi). iiicluilin till. I. mi. n... 'I'll eliliil lied c...,.i,,...7 reniail.ii.jf ll.r'-t qi.Brie,, , i","n,') I8I0, areSlO.OO-i-ifiSSa uU J68fl,02iaiaiaM1i,i;dfu;', tt OM the public debt. ,,IW' Tha acertMincd and etimird t ...re. fur ll,e fiscal , ,j 1800,01. accon... of i,a p,lio a, 1 si.eor.liugly, 7,6M).0h8 10 j nd f'"' oidn.ry ixpcmliiur.or lh e,,J." '.3.4JI.74 J BO-makiiqr.,, amain th lien-nry on il 3Ul. I8 100 ofU,3HI,80S4C. "M. Thn liiilinled receipu durlnir . fi-cal vea, eodiog 30.h J,,,,,, Jk " V." 3SaOHwl.lb;r.iil,,,.b.inM(;JJI as before RlMli-d as reiliNinii.u !.. .i .. J ...yon 30ih June, jyoo. willnul... " gregaie fur I lie seiviceof Ibe atll a'1'. yesrorefJO.lOII.SuaO. I he eti..iMtei expe.idiiure ,!.:. .. tl fiscal year, ending 3(lth Jn. 7.51 (if ' 00'. tl.0H7.ed by the Act of 14th Jann.-,ev ISf. and the issue of Treasury note nn'thnr by ex.Ktlliir law, were SlSl.fin-) .171 ni which sum, with tiie balnnce of $3':j'J8,31(i 10 remaining iu tlio Treasury nt the com- mono incut of this fiscal year. n.nkrt nn . grcgate for service lor the your of ti 000,787 II. The public expenditure dm year ending 30th June, 150, nmoin'- ' , $83,751,511 59. -wJ 10 Uf this sin- a, ,n. .... plied , ,l '" " '.'"si.stj n vrcrc np- . , i ...n it-si uu me pun- lit nnd tlio redeninlin.i nf !. :. treasury notes. The cxocndii,,-,. r. - iwi next r IIIH7I4 I.-2SI7U . ... . -1 1 1 wi .ilia . W.38tl,0'Jl.:4 will he rf nir,d ."r ir.irct nn lliu pubho dubt. ,.HVI'nu of $li:i.3,307,'l5 for the e.tim.M ;T rr expense during the fi,,ca JuneilOlh, 1801. C,k, ' ,.,:"0II balance will be left in the Tre ... . the TO'!. June, 1811. of gl.rann tcJ Rul I1 i- balance, a well a ihui to reniain in tho Treasury on dm i . i . mOO, will Ik. reduced by mA , ;" ?' imisns shall be made by law 0 e ' '.'' ffect certain Indian irea.U ,tu.j .. prest-ii. fiscal Vear, askf d for ty Sm re.ary of the Interior, lo lh, tm: 8M0.3o0; an I upon .he esii,,,,,,, , Postma-ter (J.-aeral, for l he eivi r i- . d. pHrtmenl during the last fi-cal ym f j log .10 h June, HfiO, atnouniin. ,'.,' S01.003. Ingelber With Ibe further,.,! 7 of lhat ullicer f.r lheervi(.e 0r ilm d, K I ..... ...!:.. on.L l . . r'r""l mnking an a'grei...ie of tia'" 301083. v Should lhe appropriations I.. ,.,i. reipiested by tl. proper Depriieni., (U balance in the Treasury on the 30di ..f'j,,.. 1800, will not, Ii ia cMinmi. d, .-.l ii S30.190 01. I tntnsi.iit herewith tlm renaru nf .t. R,-crelerien,f Wur, of the Nhi v. ofll,- I..,. rior. and of I he P jsi master Gen. ml Tk.. double infiirmsiion !,:. portanl reeoim.irn 'a ions well worhy ofih, serious enosiilernlion i f Congre, It will appear fr iii. th,. tfin,r .. Scrrelnrr of War, that tll.i Army rxpendi. iurenive linen IICII-Null V r.-i cwrl ... . lem of rigid eo'uomy, v.hii,, )llt pinion. ' II rs every yU'trai.tee l itre. union will he permanent. The Miim.i.. nfthr D part ineiit for I be nexi vmr hav0 Ven reiloei-.l l earlv V.t O 1.000 b!n id. limates for the inesmit fi-cal r, n I 8": 00, 00 below the amount vraniwl for this year, ut the lat h. s'..n nf CnujirrM. Tl. i xnend tores of lie Po.t Oflic parlinent liming th,. p-isi f! -n vearrn.l. ng on tie 30 h J .ne, 1 8-.0. .-xcludie of pm-mems l.ir iim l M-rvi.-e sp iiov pmviJ. I by Congress out uf the Gen ra! Trexurr mounted lo 1 4 0' 4,tl3 33. and it. r.. o-ipi lo 97 01A4 07 sh .wing s di-li- ci."CV lobe ..,ied f.nm llle Tr. 1-tirrnf 81 .001.000 2t. against 8.-..235.077 15. for the vear endin-i 30'hJiine, Tl.. Wr..,...! t - s. ... ii ut.p,.,iin.ii.n gnimngnai of dm i xpniis on nf tin- lu-nice reiiir. by 0.. gr. M,luin ihi, rnpl.l inijinpuinlini nf ilmi. ii.liiniM. It is rrn;ifj-iii(;, l.oH-.vi-r, In ohvrct a '.u-reHr orieeriits l'..r Ilu- )ur f ii.linj 3fhli June, 18 5. erpnl . $H.fij.'l comp :n I w lliov. .if lh. year en-One June 30. IKS. Ii kt I'niicr.) lliitt lln-il.-t'ci. 11-7 for tho e irrent b-il ywirwil! be 8V!ISS..- CU b it that forihr tr en 'hiff -T'lll June 18.11, it will n.il rue 131,143,. JT.'t.'.KI. alio i! I Ceii.-re n.l..p; tin. n. usurm uf n. f rin nrnpa ,itlJ urg j (,) die 1'uitaiiMlcr Oil eral. Sine.! die mnnlh of Min-h retrei climtnti bin h rn nm,!e in rxpt ll-iil m r-t. umnuti !nrli.$IHI).t; niiniiHlly, tt li'cli, liowerer. .1 d not lakt. rflret III "in.rtliec.immeicnn.nl of the prestaa fk-ul je. The wi iol m-rmaio Imve arrive ) for .le e rro'ninf lh. iii. slion uhrllierilii ilfpurim.-nl rhill becmni a .lerinnn. nt an I ever iiicmuing ch.-irca npm lh Trpaaiiry. or be pei in Iti-il to reajine the telf Ia n a p .liey wliiuh haa n lung onntmllad in ad- nuiiiNlrn'-ort. The emirs, ol' Irgialulioa Kern m.nlril by the I'.wtinaalcr Criieinl fur Iba relief oflh" & pirltn -nt from it' prrseul einlirinm.W an.l for restoring it lo ila original itHepenrfeaee, ia ile erviiif of joar tarty and t-nraeat cotd. mtion. la cinelnsiiin, wo ilil inra'n cmmienl to tl jiia' lihenli y of Centre, lh. locnl Inlet.!! of the I Ualricl or I o u iibai. Sure'y, the i-ii) beirinf Ibe a .me of Wiwhinjloa, arid An innl, I Irttil.f. r In b. lb. fniii ..f our united, free and fiwpereal confederacy, but all oiiff i-lniina on our fnvnraUa tai'l. JAMES I1UCI1ASAN. l)c (Oregon &rgtt0. W. I.. ADAMH, EDIIOE. SATURDAY. FEBRVAUY I, 18G0- Pre proved by the country the p.u-iric R.tti.Ro.vn. I would asruin express mnit opmioi. in favor of the cosirM-n r . acilic Ilailroad. for the n.,.n. ......... my two last annual inessn, When I vt ui.011 what would l tt.- .i... i Otidltion of our Mate nnd Tw. . OH l,K,y Mountain, in T.VT, w.tn navtd l0W(T suffi,i(,nllT tntcrrt.pt all intercourse with thunh, crc-s the Libim. i ,fiI, edebt nnd the redemption of the uL,c, oi treasury notes Ti. all other branches of the public service du !",'!'; f,sluI .'car wer,! therefore $0(1, o4(i,lMtJ 13. ' mi ai n, romal,,illff m the Treasury on the Is July, I860, be.ns the commence. The receipts into the Treasury diirinR the first n.,r-er of ih, presen, li...l 0nnie,,cinS July 1st, 19, Were f20,ei8,' 0"0 N0. ' Of il of n Bin-nini f3 821.30(1 w r.:.j ; . a.cou.ii ot the loan and ; irea.urv note, llle amount of f 16 797 Firm Ar. t,-..: i . ,'i u .,.,u. ,e. received durinif ihe 'l""r.,er fro"' th" ordinary ,liu,ce of the r-u.iw ra.i-nue, Itleesllinate rrrpii.t. T.-.. .U. - - -.. .,.i n,r reinainin)! X r" 'e present fisoi, i three '"'I. June, 100, are 8o0.4m40(). Of ,h,. at.inunl.it h i-siim..!..,! .1,... a- ill . . : . . . O.4O0 " iruei ..-, Mr htf "r. which may be re-isi.d under ih. r,i. ... i.mofihe act of JJ Ab.r. h I..,.' ia ,,., nun VI. 1 1 0,000 on account 0f the ,B,il0riw.H the act of Jim. liih u-.j .o.J.7.400 fmn, ,he,H extraordinary sour ees. and 8l3 otl0 000 from .h. . O'lrceaoflhe, public revenue; rrakintf . -K'-jr-"p. l.blheb.laaee in .he Trea. "yon it is.59.f07. m t i t en to' the e,t-.mir..d lnns of P J,, R '', endi.i!i30;h June. 1S60. the expendilurp dniimr lh. fii ..... erof 'he prr-tvnt lisL-al r..r ion OH7.I74 7fl. ' ,v.w.. 84.6'i4 30H 70 f .he ptm lebt, n I .he thi tirtl mmm .nK. , 1 - - - wi.i-i.f-.. 'o .lie patment nf Im.r... .1. i.- . , - ".e piiouc .1 Ihe remain. I..r tlx ! and applied to the ordinary expenditure, of the quarter, ' CAur.iRNu b'tNJiToa. Milloa 8- I.ttk"" been elected by .he Legialature of Calife"""' the vaiaaey iu the U. 8. Senate ca" ,f death of D.C. Brodcrick. Mr. Uthara iial man, Dm more than ihirly-lhne year. of 'Se W of oonairlernble ability. IU bad juetbeea inattgf raicd Coverour tt' the State, tt wb.Vi .ft waa eleeled last September. lie win Rprf talive from California in the 3-lth Congreie. Crr Welter waa largely ahead in caucua fur ibe nation for Senator, laek:ng only two or Ibree tW of a nomination, while Latham waa aot e'H s candidate, but upon the arrival of Ihe rep Gvtrin't diauuiun apeeeh in Ibe U. S. Senate, Wal ler waa immediately dropped, aa he waa ceaawarw an adherent of Gwin'e. The election of I" il conei.lcred aa a rebuke to the boary-beadee1 lav unionist, and Lie influence and that of hit nfl eraie Wellerit regarded aa forever brokea ia Cal ifornia. Gwin w.ll probably relura to MiaMaipPS which Stale he properly represents, while will pack op hia 'du.lt,' and wend hit waylaa State, having learned lhat " raiehly roeaaaieta office iu Oregon.'' Tiaritisci AoDteat. Amory HJbrook1Et- delivered aplendij adJrew on Tempataaf Ite Mnhmliat Church in thii city la Ttnlf evening, before the Diviaion of the Sow of Teae nerauee. The houec waa filled lo overfloii an amCeace that gave undivided tttenlioo tbreajk- ' o ha renwrke. Mr. Holbmok einlW f h marrf on lh a occaaiun, and hit cflbrt er.illy to hj already widely-extended repiaui iu Or. gon aa a public k-etarer. FaeiT -Wa are iftlebt to J. W. UH t Ihe MontrtM Farm, near Balltvrlte, fcf of Tompkina Connry King appl.-t, a a v"7 in Oregon. We hare tried them, and lad applet to be rery nice, indeed, and finely ",T-" 1 hii appte hit laf.lv Ihi T.nr liifrhlf prrtea- Ihe Atlantic Sta ea. Mr. IVd writtt tat" I iret r. ry thiifry ad lur.?y. and aa early h