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About The Oregon Argus. (Oregon City [Or.]) 1855-1863 | View Entire Issue (July 4, 1857)
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OREGON CITY, OREGON, JULY 4, 1857, No. 12. trt ptia, unlett at tin option of the publither. THE OREGON AKGUS, runuin:u ritar nviumuir iiujimxo, BY WILLIAM L. ADAMS. For tin A' gut. The Way f Traascrtstors U Dari. In the year 1700, in ilia south-east part of Virginia, in I lie evening of a beautiful day in Juiia, atuileiit frum one of the In stitution of llio OM Pnmininn was on hi return lo hi father'. Ho had chosen llio profusion of the law, and intended ion. lablikh himself aa a lawyer somewhere, but lha precise point was not y-t chosen. Hia age was twenty four, and nature had bestowed upoi !iiin her chuiceM gift. Ho was of noblo beming, ttronn in hi ntlacli. mcnt, brave and generous in abort, a true Virginian, About aunset he arrived tt a una mansiou-housc, and applied for entertainment. A young woman como to the door and informed him 1U1 tho over. aeer and all llio blacka of (hut farm were absent, and nouo at liumo except herself and the lady who owned the farm. Ho requested to sou the mbitrrss, when soon a most charming, beautiful, and lovely young Indy mado her appearance. (Id then informed her that ho was a stranger, and weary from a hard day's iravel, and that he humbly solicited entertainment for the night Tho lady replied that it would not be expedient for him to remain ; ns the two ladies were alone, and besides that there were no servants present to atieud lo his horse. His reply was that they had the word and honor of a Virginian for hia good depot tment, and that, at to servants, he could attend to his own horse. The mistress began lo rolent, when her com panion urged that ho should not bo allowed to remain, as he might kill them both. This he uttered in a whisper, but the lady of the house observed to her that there could bo no danger from such a beautiful and noble-looking beau! Tho young lawyer was directed whero to stow away his horse, supper was prepared, nud soon the parties felt perfectly at home in each other's so ciety. Agreeable conversation whilrd a way tb time till 1 1 o'clock at night, when thoy .11 ... tin retired to rest, nut, tliey did not all find sweet repose in balmy sleep. The young woman who was afraid that our stu dent would kill them, had become so as tared, that she entertained tho mistress fur some time in praising the lawyer. Sbe r.n l...... i... . it. i... i.. .. i IIUU IIUHL'IEI It'll H.MI'l-Il. U11L I 1111 I.'IIIV fit '. the mansion rcmaiued awukc till 1 o'clock, when she heard llio back door of lha Iiouse gently opened, and tho feet of per sons cautiously approaching. They soon crime to a parlor door leading toward the young lady's bed-chambur. This door was locked, and the assassins had some trouble in fitting a key to unlock llio door. While they were thus engaged, the mistress dressed and gently Hod tu llio door of ihe room where llio lawyer had ro'ired, and tapped. Ha wan awake, and inquired who wanted him. She told him in a few words, when he aprang from bit bed, seized his two rifle pistols, (revolver were not in use in those days,) directed her to remain in his room, and raid that ho would protect liernt tho cost of his own life, and passed quickly to her room. The murdereis by this time were trying tluir keys tu the lock of tlin door of that chamber, lie beard one say to the other, ' Let ns givo up this bloody business ; the young ludy has novrr harmed ns, and why should her wealth causa us to take hor life?" The other man observed thai he had no such fool qualms, and that ho would not sutler that opportunity to pass without clearing every obstacle to his possession of her wealth. They soon opened the door, and also opened a dark lantern toward the bcd) when the light enabled tho atudeut to dis cern two black men, ruggedly dressed, and armed with largo butcher knives. He fired at ono of them, who uttered a horrid scrsam, nnd fell, when the other fled, but instantly received a ball in his back, which brought him down also. Lights were soon ' bad, and the dreadful shrieks of the wound ed man, who had attempted to flee, brought inmates of the bouse to his side, for his ' St of the brolbcr-in-law of the Voice was . ....,. , mistress of thermal 7 Mother man Lad died ia a few momenta. We mflstoow inform our renders who - 'thisVother-in-law was, and whd were bis intended victims. The justice of an Air seeing Cod had overtaken him. Mr. Wei don, his father-in-law, had married in early life, and bad been blessed in the birth of two charming girls Clarissa and Amanda. . . 1 t l. A A4n;n, J llio!. orolftll .rO IHO gin linu auaiiicu iuvh ,nv.... year (they were twins), their mother died, 1vin no other children. They were placed at boarding-schools, and were taught fell the ornamental branches of a finished dueation. Their father never married again. A young man by the name of Matthews had won the affections of the fair and loveiy Clarissa, and at the age of sev enteen sha wa married to her lover. Hers was a true women' love, Lis was a sordid passion for wealth. SoB lDeir roaf iage, Mr. Weldon died, leavirg hia largs forum eqi)Jly to hi two daughters In bis will he provided that if Amanda died 'r.hoX is,i?5 --her ectatc afcowU deeeend to Mathews and hi wifa. Tho homestead was left in Amanda, and sho, with the As sistance of a faithful overseer, managed well the affairs of tho furm. She pro vailed on a young woman of her acquain tance to liv wi'ili her as a companion, and tins Inily we have already introduced to tho reader's notice. The demon Avarice had tuken potion of the sordid sou! of I v' Matthews, and he determined to crAM) ihe wealth of tho beutitiful and kind Amanda, though the path that led lo hur loitune pasn-d over nor grave. Ho madu a negr0 frnj0 on flirm ,ir4e niic taut, ond urged on Amanda W'clJon to permit every ono of hor slaves to attend and hor overseer and hia family to attend also, to keep tho black quiet. Hence, when our hero arrived that evening, none were lit home but tho two young Indie. Why the student look his two rifle pistols into his room, ho never could loll. The night was calm and clear, the moon shone bright, and all nature, dressed in living green, seemed to utter silent praise lo that God who called oil things into exist ence. Mulhrws bad hired his own over seer, at three thousand dollars, to assist in ihe murder of the two young ladies, and if necessary, help lo prove an alibi, should Muthews bo suspected. The wretched man lingered for six hours in great agony of body, but the tor ture of his mind was beyond language to depict. He made full confession of the dreadful plot for murdering the young la dies, with all the circumstances, and, with a horrid groan, expired. x. Y. (7b be continued.) Tbe Conditio or the Laboring Classes . la F-DRlUDll. AIu. Editor In The Argnsof last Sat urday (June 27th), in the article over the signature of "Justus," there appears an extract from A letter to the London Daily News, written by an Englishman who was traveling through tho Southern States of our Union, descriptive of a certain class of while in o it iu the slaveholding States, whom ho styles " niggcrlrss." The whole picture which he gives is so strongly over drawn, and is so manifestly a gross carica ture of the class which he attempts lo do scribe, that it is astonishing that an Amer ican should have referred to such a source fur proof to support him in any position he might assinno on tho slavery question. Tliis jaundico-eyed Englishman must have been passing ihrough some nguo strieken region in tho South, nl the time he wrote his letter, or he would not have been ro duccd to the necessity of placing tho "poor whites"tof the Southern Slates so fur be low the squalid paupers of Ireland (made so by English tyranny and misrule), or the oppressed rayalis upon tho pluins of Turkey. If his portrait be a correct one, thero are few but will admit that it would be a God's blessing to this miserable set to enslave them at once, and thus render their situa tion at least comparable to that of the happy Irish peasant, who is overjoyed if his English master leaves him enough to preserve his ragged family from starvation during the year. One of two things is apparent: Eiihor this EpglMiman wished lo do something toward reconciling his countrymen at home to their own condition, by allowing that they enjoyed a tolerablo existence comparod with the same class in free America, or else he is a cockney, and, of course, lamentably ignorant of the state of things iu "merry England." His Iptter is dated Jan. Cth, 8o7, and had ho Keen the London Times of a few days later (Jan. 13th), he could have read tho follow ing interesting confes sion iu regard lo the condition of ihe labor ing classes in England. f The Times says: " Why should we hesitate to confess it ? there is a great deal of distress iu this coun try. Ten thousand men met the other day among the deserted pens of Smilhfiold market to make known iheir want of em ployment. Every whero in tho country you meet stout, honest, simple fellows, with their usual story of penniless hunger. Poor law guardians and country magis trate are plotting against one another, the former ready to crowd ihe jails with rcb els against their stern reign ; the latter rssolvintr that her Majesty's prison and t once glorious system of criminal jur. ispruatnce '18" not bo de8ra(Jel' inl s mere engine of work-house diseipiino. As .m f mo..k it proves no more than W evprvhodv knows. Everybody knows that iust now it is imuinier, j j . .i . . the j .i .i A ,W .( or frozen, and that' consequently the em - plover does not get much work done lor bis money, or Ihe work so well done. Anybody who has under his observation a number of private works will notice that scores, or even hundreds, of laborers have been dismissed for tbe present. There are fewer railways in progress than for some years pa.t. The army, navy, and dock yards have been discharging their super siin.u men. The nation baa iust concla- . j : I.', f,r n tm - r-j - e - . mnse undert.k.ng, mos, cu,, ,hraeter-a war: which fntheeyeofpoliti cal economy is much on the par with con- i flagratioo, flood, volcano, tempest, or pes j tiUnce. w may bart wen secarity for our children and glory for ourselves, but that is the whole of iho recompense, and when " takn stock" At tho end of the year it affords a Very sorry capital for reinvent mcnt. Tho most Immediuto and most tan gible result of tho war is that we are pay ing incomo tax, every sixpenso of w hich in nbslracted from tho funds or enterprise nnd 1,10 waf of lal,or- LnS- i' "r00"1 . 1 anrtiflitirr in nnt facan Sit anAiliti ami un liiih. .ali.faclioii do most neonU Imm.ilv find in merely adding pound to pound t,iat money is cunnwnly spent, perhaps, even fuster than it is earned, and it cannot bo spent except by soma process of indus try, labor, nnd wages. Just now wo are aunuly many millions short, and the re sult is, a good ninny peoplo aro showing themselves close fitted lo llio poorer, and even to their lichcr neighbors. It tuny seem almost rediculous ilml wo should have to explain all this, which, indeed, ex plains i'nelf to the common understanding; but wo aro held in soino quarters roxpom-i-ble for the perpetual and constant pros perity of the counlry, come what will como peacn, como war, como famine, como plague. That responsibility we beg lo disclaim ; and we only mention the caus es of the prevailing distress, in order thai it bo better opprehended in connection with them; What Is to be done t A stern political economy answers: "Nothing; we are to loave the problem to work it. self out." We are to button up our pock els, shut your doors, and look out of win dows at the spectacle of poverty running through its phrases, and coming to a natu ral conclusion. These lender processes do not boar the least interruption. Poverty, provided the conditions bo favorablo for it will undergo first the vinous formeulion ; it will become rather excited, argumenta- tivo, menacing; then it will pass through the acetic lermentation, and sour in into ,.rJ crime. It is then ripe for our jails know how to deal will, it i.l that Stata ! " v nnd so "onerous nre w-o when we aro quite cerinm we are right, that we cm nflord to spend on ft criminal twico as much as on a pauper, and thrice as much ns on an honest laborer out of doors. It is rather odd and it shows what paradoxes the most healthy British minds can go through in lhcirverygradu.il And irregular develop mcnt ibnt just now the slato is most kind, generous, nud open-handed towards crime in nil its stages and circumstances, at tho very lima that it will not givo one farthing to poverty nnd toil." , Tor tht Argut. Sflf-Examlulni Society. Among tho many societies established in our country to extend the principles of Christianity, and to improve the morals of the peoplo at 1-irgc, it Is a subject of real regret, that while so laudable a zenl is man ifested and so much pains taken to remove tho tnoto out of our brothers' eyes, there should be no societies formed, no pains ta ken, to induce men first to cast tho beam out of their own, or in other words a so ciety whoso end And aim should be to ex amine our hearts nnd lives and seo if wo oursrkes nie not guilty of soma habits and vices that need reform, which nro equally as bad ns thoso which we nre rjndy to dis cover in our neighbors. This society it would seem ought to take the lead of all others ; nnd it should bo ihe first object of our exertions to suppress tho vices and fol lies of mankind. " Physicinrt, heal thy self," is nn admonition coming from the highest authority, and is n9 applicable to the Scribes nnd Pharisees now, ns it was eighteen-hundred years ago. Did the mombers of our popular societies, as well as others, talco half tho pains to examine themselves nnd correct their own faults, that they do to hunt up and expose the faults and follies of others, how much more liko Christians would they act ; how much more happy and peaceable would be tho condition of every community nnd neighborhood. And wcro a society of self- examination instituted in this or any other place, nnd made as popular as our temper ance societies and many others now are, how much less running to and fro, er of members standing on tho corners of the streets, thanking God that they were uot like other men. Constitution. Art. 1. This society shall be known by ihe name of the Self-Examining Society, nnd shall be composed of members of both sexes, whose heads and hearts are both ca pable of moral improvement. Art. 2. The object of this society shall be, while we may see others' faults, to fee! and correct our own; to suppress all man ner of deceit, hypocrisy, dander and defa mation, backbiting and evil sppaking, with all that lends to injure or defraud our neighbor either of his property or charac ter. Art. 3. This society shall be independ ent of all other societies', each member I shall be vested with full powers and privi j leges to attend to his ownj wnr. d iiesnau m.c . u..- ;- - business, and let others' alone ; and no Presidents, Vice Presidents, committees, or delegates, shall be chosen by this socie ty, to watch over the conduct of others, or to'inake report of their neighbors' misdo ings, until such a work of charity shall have been bejun at borne. i n... atiall ha no r.ublic or private meetings of this society, on any ' . j.... . ibi-ir concerns. nir. v. i iifo ------ T- 1 ftnnointed dav v... I '. ,Uli..r.,t before them:!a ppuiliicu UJ m, v - J' mUr to meel hiraseif alone every day and listen to Ihe lectures of tia own conscience. Ait. B. No money shall evr be raised from lime to time, for funds to support this society, nor to circulate Self-Examining Tracts, or Self. Examining Almanacs, or to employ Ministers or Lawyers for deliver ing addresses lo convineo us how much easier it ia to examine othors than il l lo examine ourselves. Art. 0. Every member of this society shall pay due regard to teinpcranco in eat ing and drinking, nnd every thing else, but ho shall b his own judge what he shall eat or what he shall drink, or wherewith al he shall bo clothed, while gluttony, drunkenness, and tight-lacing shall bo left to the gnawings of conscienco and ihe con sumption, with all the popular reproach they deserve, without the benefit of clergy, or the votes and lectures of a Temper ance society. Art. 7. Evcrv member of thia Society shall bo allowed lo di ink tea and coffee, cold water, butter-milk, or lomonado, as suits him best, or lo chew or smoko tobac co, or luke snulf, w hen not ofl'ensivo to tbe company he is in, without being excommu nicated from guod society, or delivered over to the buffeting of cold water Phari sees. Art. 8. No member of this Society shall ever set himself up above his fellows, or seek to establish his own character and con sequence by blackening his neighbor's cood name, thinking to make his own ap pear whiter, but it shall be ihe duty of every ono to examino lis or her own dis position, and set a double guard against llio sin that besets him or her. Verbum Sat. Lane County, Oregon, Jnne 23, 1857. inn- j.li i !?? Washlaglon' Farewell to his Army. " Can tyrants but by tyrants onnijiirred be, And freedom tind no champion and no child Such aa Culiunbin saw urixfl, when the Kpntug forth a I'ullas, onni-d and undeflled? n. i.. ...... ;,. .1,. .. " " i """i Deep iu llio unpruntd f rest, midst llio rear pur pnlitracw. whero uuninf? nature kmiled Oil iiifiint Wdntiiiiirlon t Hm nrlh no mora I Snob sofd wilhia her breast, or Europe no such ) shore J" Byron. The Revolution was over. Eight years' conflict had ceased, and the warriors were now tosepnrnte forever, turning their weap ons into ploughshares and their camps into workshops. Tho spectacle, though a sub lime nnd glorious one, was yet attended with sorrowful feelings; for, nlasl in the remains of that gallant army of patriot soldiers, now about to disband without pay, without support, stalked poverty and dis ease. The couutry had not the means to bn grateful. Tho details of the condition of many of the oflicors nnd soldiers at that period, ac cording lo history and oral tradition, were melancholy in llio extreme. Possessing no mentis of patrimonial inheritance to fall bick upon thrown out of even tho peril ous support of tho soldier at the commerce ment of winter, and hardly fit for any other duty than that of tho camp their situation can bo as well imagined as described. A single instance, ns n sample of the sit uation of many of the officers, ns rolatcd of tho conduct of Caron Steuben, may not be amiss. When tho main body of the army was disbanded at Newburgh, nnd the vet eran sehliers were bidding a parting fare well lo each other, Lieut.-Col. Cochran, an aged soldier of the New Hampshire line, rcmai ked, with tears in his eyes, as ho shook hands with the Huron 1 "For myself, I could stand it ; but my wife nnd daughters nro in tho garret of that wretched tavern, and I have no menus of removing thero." "Come, come," said ihe Baron, " don't give way thus. I will pay my respects lo Mrs. Cochran and her daughters." When the good old soldier left thenii their countenances were warm with grati tudefor he left them all he had. In one of the Rhode Island regiments wcro several companies of black troops who had served through tho whole war, and their bravery ond discipline wore un surpassed. ' The Baron observed one of these poor negroes on llio wharf, nt New burgh,' apparently in great distress. " What is the mattor, brother soldier I" " Why, master Baron, I want a dollar to get home with, now the Congress has no further use for me." The Daron was absent for a few mo ments, and then returned with a silver do), lar which he had borrowed. "There it's all I could get. Take it." The negro received it wiih joy, hailed a sloop which was passing down the river lo New York, and, as be reached the dock, took o(T his hat and said "God bless you, master Baron I" These are only single illustrations of the condition of the army at the close of the war. Indeed, Washington had this in view at the close of his farewell address to the army at Rocky Hill, in November, 1783: " And being now about to conclude these his last public orders, to lake bis ultimate leave in a short tim of the military char acter, and to bid a final adieu to the armies ho has so lon had the honor to command, be can only again offer, in their behalf, his recommendations lo their country, and his , . - prayer to me uoo ol armies. "May ample justice be done them here, i , - . . - II.. r I Wh here and hereafter, attend those who, no may iiic cuoiueai 01 iicr.cii mwii, under divine auspices, hava secured iana rcerable blettinet for other. ? With these 1he acd tbis bectdic- lion, the Commnndvr-in Chief is about lo retire from service. The curtain of sepa ration will soon be drawn, and ihe military scenos lo him will be closed forever." The closing of tho " military scenes" we are about to relate New York had been occupied by Wash ington on the S.'tth of November. A few days afterward, ho notified llio Tretident of Congress w hich body was then in session at Annapolis, in Maryland that as tho war had now closed, he should consider It his duty to proceed llicuco and surrondor to ibat body the commission which he Lad received from them more than eight years before. The morning of the tth of December, 1763, was a sad and heavy one to the rem nant of the American army in ihe city of New York. The noon of ibnt day was lo witness the farewell of Washington ho was lo bid adieu lo his military comrades forever. Tho oflicors who had been with him in solemn council, tho privates who had fought and bind in the " heady fight," under his orders, were to hear his com mands no longer. Tho manly form and dignified countenance of the "great cap lain" were henceforth to live only in their memories. As the hour of noon approached, the whole garrison, at the request of Wash ington himself, was put in motion, and marched down 13 road street to 'Francis's tavern, his head-quarters. He wished to lake leave of privnte soldiers alike w ith the officers, And bid them all adieu. His fa vorite light infantry wcro drawn up in a Ijne facing inwards, through Tear! street, fi. !. r. e wi.li .1.-11 ...1 - 1 ,um """""" wu a ourge was in rcauiucss 10 convey mm to 1 owie Hook. Within the dining-room of the tavern were gathered tho Generals and Geld offi cers to take their farewell. Assembled there were Knox, Green, Clinton, Steuben, Gates, and oilicrs, who had served wiih him faithfully And truly in Ihe "tented Geld;" but, alas! where were others that bad cntorcd tho w ar with him eight years beforof Their bones crumbled in tho soil from Cunnda lo Geor gia 1 Montgomery had yielded up his life at Quobeo; Wooster fell at Danbury, Woodhull was barbarously murdered while a prisoner nt ihe battle on Long island, nr.d Mercer full mortally wounded at Prince ton ; the brave and chivalric Laurens, after displaying tho most heroic courage in tho trenches at Yorktown, died in a trifling skirmish in South Carolina ; tho bravo but occcnlric Lee was no longer living; nnd Putnam, like n helpless child, was stretched upon the bod of sickness. Indeed, tho battle-field and time had thinned the ranks which entered with him into Iho conflict of Independence. Washington entered the room tho hour of separation had como. As he raised his eye and glanced on the faces of those as sembled, a tenr coursed down his choek, and his voice was tremulous as he saluted them. Nor was ho alone. Men, "albeit unused to the melting mood," stood around him, whoso uplifted hands to cover their brows, told that tho tear, which they in vain attempted to conceal, bespoke the an guish they could not Lido. After a moment s conversation, Wash ington called for a glass of wino. It was brought him. Turning to the officers, ho he thus addressed them : " With a heart full of love and grati tude, I now take my final leave of you. I most devoutly wish thai your hitler days may be as prosperous and happy as your former ones have been glorious and honor able." Ho then raised tho glass to his lips, and added : " I cannot ciino to each of you lo take my leavo, but ' shall be obliged to you if each of you will lake me by the baud." ' Gen. Knox, who stood nenrest, burst into tears, and advanced, incapable of utter ance. Washington grasped him by the hand, and embraced him. The officers came up successively and took an Affec tionate leave. No words were spoken, but all was the "silent eloquence of tears." What were mere words at such a feeno t Nothing. Il was the feeling of the heart, thrilling, though unspoken. When the last officer had embraced him, Washington left the room, followed by bis comrades, and passed through tho lines of the light infantry. His step was slow and measured, his head uncovered, and tears flowing thiek and fast, as he looked from side to side at the veterans to w horn he now bid adieu forever. Shortly an event oc curred more touching than all the rest. A gigantic soldier, who bad stood by his side at Trenton, stepped forth from the ranks and extended hia hand : "Farewell, my beloved General, fare well 1" Washington grasped bis hand, in con vulsive emotion, in both of his. All dUci pline was at an end. The officers could cot restrain the men as they rushed for ward to take Wajhiogtoo by tht Ltnd, and I ho violent sol and tear of the loldleM told bow deeply engraven upon their afilc lions was tbe love of their commander. -At length Washington reached the bargo at Whitehall, and entcr.d it. At the first ilroko of the oars ha rose, and turning to the companion of his gloiy, by waving his bat, bade ihrro a silent adieu. Qluir answer was only In tears; and theoflicora and mm, wiih glistening eye, watched the receding boat till the form of their nr bli commander w.ia lost sight of in tbe di lance. Contrast the farewell of Washington o hit army it Whitehall, In 178.1, and tho farewell of Napoleon to his army at Ton taiulfcu, in 1914. The ono had Accom plished every wish of his heart His noblo exertion had achirved tho independence of his country, and he longed to retire to the bosom of his homo. His ambition was satisfied. Ho foughl for no crown, n sceptre, but for equuliiy and tha mutual harnincss of his fallow. bolus. No tint of tyranny, no breath of slander, no whisper of duplicity, marred tho fair proportions of his public or private life; but, 41 II wn a msn tali li'm all In all, Wa ne'er slwll look upon b" '"' ffa'n" The other great soldier was tho diicipto of seluh ambition. Ha raited the iron weapon of war to crush, only that ho might rule. What to him were the cries of tho widows aud orphans 1 He passed to a throne by making the dead bodivs of their protectors his stopping-stonea. Am bition self were the gods of hit idolatry, and to them be sacrificed hecatombs of hi fellow-men for the aggrandizement of Lii personal glory. Enthusiasm poinU wilii fearful wonder to the name of Napoleon, whilst justice, benovolcnce, freedom, and all tho concomitants which constituto tho Irue happiucss of man, shed almost a di vino halo around the name and character of Gr.or.oB Washinktox. mm i.. Ureal Urltala. Ths Nbw Parliament. The Ne.v Parliament of Great Drltain, the fifth c Queen Victoria' reign, met on 80th of April, w hen Mr. Evelyn Deuison was clact ed Speaker of Commons without opposi- lion. There is a large minority of tin . members in favor of Lord Pnlmcrston. Parliament was oponod formally on May 7th, when tho Queen' speech was read by tho Lord Chancellor, Her Mojcsty'a slate of health not permitting her personal nl- tondanco. Tbe only allusion made tout fairs on th's conlinont Is contained in n brief paragraph, ns follows: "The no- collations in which Hot Majesty has been engaged with llio government of Hondu ras, with regard to the nfTairs of CcnUul America, have not as yet been brought o a close." The royal spoech, gonorally, li ono of congratulation on the prosporous condition of tho nation. Ho, Yon SLiiurv llKADS ! It is rolutcd of Lord M.uiafkld, who himself lived tr. the asoofeiulity-niiifl, thai whenever vory aged witnesses nppenred in the court ovrr which he so long presided, it wns his cus tom to interrogate them as to their hnbiis of life j nnd with the result that in no ono habit was there any goncral concurrency except in that of early ruing. tW The number of seamen of all na tions is cstimoted at nearly two millions. The commorcial marino throughout tho world was stated in tho year 1855 to em brace about 15,000,000 tons. Of the oui ount Grent Fliitaiii bad 8,000,000, the United States 5,200,000, and other nations; of iho earth in Asia and Europe ha I tho residue. fnV From 1850 lo 1853, the United Stntos increased tho amount of her com mercial transactions (that is, her exports and imports) from $313,000,000 to f3 1, 000,000. In the formor year she ranked as third; in tho latter, as tha second com mercial powor on tho globo; France, which in 1850 bad precedence of the Un ion, falling far behind her in 1853. 03r A wrought iron cannon has boon manufdcturud in Liverpool England which weighs iwenty-five tons, and sends a oa'.i of three hundred pounds weight, a distanco of four miles. (ftr Tho Pacific Raihoad ihrough Texas will m 663 miles long and has a grant of 8,017,000 acres of laud and a loan ot fu 000 per wile from tho Slate. ftir The Chineso Herald confirms tho report that ibt far-famed porcelain tower of Nankin was destroyed in November, during a bloody massacre of lome 5,000 to 6,000 Imperial troops by tbe insurgent, who gained possession of the city. CCT Thort are twenty-six orphan asy, lumsin the State of New York, in which nearly 9,000 little one are fed, clothed and educated, CO" The Pasha of F.gypl has a bedsto.. ' of solid tilver which weigh one lor. The nu.t nlut of it is tbout 40,000.