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About Oregon City courier. (Oregon City, Or.) 1896-1898 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 17, 1897)
rirst Maker of I.olclfera. fiir Iflniio HoMon, who recently AM In England at un advanced uk whs fumoiiH in K'iuiice and invention.' Ha was the ciiii of a oolllor, but hi inven tion and entorpriHo hronlit him s pplendid fortmin, Ilo retire I from jturliuiuunt in 1805. He liui the rri tulion of having, ninonir other iiavful in vuntions, been tliu Brut man to inako lucifnr Jimti'li(!. Kir Iniim: lunl a method of )ifa own in repird to eittintf HrnI ilrifikiiiK. For breukfitMt ho j.ur t(Mik of a baked apple, one orunu;it, a bunch of KrilM' "'"I biscuit made from banana flour. Ilia midday meal oouHiittod of very littlo lnef or mutton, with now and iipi'm a small cupful of Roup. If lie partook of linn, he had o much Ii'ms of ment. For mipper he ir.icticully npeated bin breakfast menu. "After tne HVHttnu lias been luiilt up, nnd the period of manliooil rec)ied, all march foods sluniM be ImniHhud from tho humnn diet." Such wan the crevj of th in good, quaint old man and pen crous pliilanthropixt. An absolute) teetotuler he was not, and Yorknhire will bo an prouil of him an it wuh of 8ir Tatton Syki'fl, who lived on ale and apple pie. Sir Ihiiuo's eon Angus in herits the title. Ho represents the BuckroHe ilivioion of Yorkshire in Par liament. , MEKK 1HJMH.EH OV NEltVKH. Borne peevish, (luornloiis people seem mere bundles (i I nerve. The cat Bound agitates llii'lr sciisorluin hih! rutlU- their leinpura. No 'loubt they arc born mi. tint may not their nervousness he ameliorated, II mil enlirely re lieved? Uniuctllniiat!y, and with llo-tctter'a Klomach Hitters. Ily cull hating tin 'lr digest Inn mid Insuring more complete assimilation of the food with this admirable corrective, they will experience s cedv ainl very (.itci i.IIIjUi gain In nerve quietude. I y h h . Hi . , blitouaiicsi, constipation mid rheumatism yield to the Bitters. At the last conp-pHS of Gorman Vine yarrlists Prof. IVurtnuin ri'ortcl that he hud found living bnrterin in wine which had been bottled 25 or 30 years. AN OPEN LETTER TO MOTHERS. We ire asserting In the courts our right to the exclusive ue of the word "CASl'OUIA," and "WTCHliK'BCASTOKIA," aa our Trade Murk. I, Dr. Samuel Pitcher, of Hyannia, Massachusetts, was the originator of " PITCHER'SCAS 10R1A," the aame that haa borne and does now bear the tec-simile signature of CHAS. H. FLETCHKR on every wrapper. This is theoriginal " PITCHER'S CASTOR I A " which haa been used In the home of the mothers of America for over thirty year. Look Carefully at the wrapper and aee that It la thi kind you havt aluayt bought, and has the signature of CHAS. II. FLETCHER on the wrapper. No one has authority from me to use ray name except The Centaur Company of which Chas. H. Fletcher is President March 8, 1S97. 8AMUEI, PITCHER, 1MJ. The Central London Underground railway, which is to be operated by electrioity has a largo contract for elec trical equipment with a prominent New York firm. There la more Catarrh In this section of the country than all other diseases put together, ud until the last lew yearn was supiiosid to be Incurable. For a great many yeara doctors pro nounced It a local disease, and prescribed Uieal remedies, and by constantly (Riling to cure by local treatment, pronounced it Incurable. Hcience haa proven catarrh to be constitu tional diwate, and therefore requires consti tutional treatment, nail's Catarrh Cure, man ufactured by K. J. Cheney & Co., Toledo. 0 is the only constitutional cure on the market. It la taken Internally in doses from 10 drops to a teapoonful. It acts directly 011 the blood and mucous surfaces of the system. They offer one hundred dollars for any case it fails to cure. Bend for circulars and testimonials. Addrcsa, F. J. CHENEY 61 CO., Toledo, O. Sold bv druggists, 7ic. Hall's Family Pills are the best. A po8tofflce clock in Sydney, Ntw South Wales, emits an electric light flash lasting five seconds every hour during the night, thus enabling those living miles away to ascertain the exact time. ' I'iso's Cure for Consumption is the best of all rough cures.--George V. Lots, Fubu clier, La., August 2u ltiiio. Alexandria, Va., has raised the ban which from the earlier days of the set tlement made it unlawful. to bring in oysters between April and September. Between 1878 and 1881, in a single Roman village dietiict, 707 heads of families in a population of 1,200 fam ilies were dogged for not paying their taxes. An Angora cat, whioh by accident was locked in a trunk under some cloth ing at Tullahoma, Tenn., remained there tor seven days and revived when taken out. ITOYOUS PROSTRATION. " Will you kindly allow me," writes Miss ?J Ait r E. SAiDT.of Jobntown, N. J., to Mrs. Pinkham, " the pleasure of ex pressing1 my grat itude for the wonder ful relief I have experienced by taking; your Compound? I suffered for a long" time with nervous prostration and gen eral debility, caused by falling1 the womb. It 1 seemed as though my back would never stop ach ing. I could not sleep. I had dull headaches. Iwasweary all the time, and life was a burden to me. I sought the seashore for relief, but all in vain. On my return I resolved to give your medicine a I took two bottles and was cured. I can cheerfully state, if more ladies would only give your medicine a fair trial they would bless the day they saw the advertisement, and there would be happier home. I mean to do ill I can for you in the future. I have you alone to thank for my recor ery. for which I am Tergratefn).' -fcrVSti,! 11 mi r triaL FACTS FOR FARMERS. HELPFUL SUGGESTIONS FOR THE AGRICULTURISTS. Description of Two Ways of Tying Com Fodder Bbocka-A Convenient Feed Uock for Cattlo-Davlct) for UitchlaK in Insecure Hoik Good Cora Tlea. The Rural New Yorker decrllK corn tie as bIiowii In the nter IlliiMtrn tlon. To make It, set n short lenitih of Iron rod hIhhU three-fourths of tin lui In diameter Into a block of wood, or wherever convenient, so that It will be firmly fixed with. say. three iucbes pro JeetlUK fi'w. AlonuHlde. wllh Junt ciioiiu'Ii Kimce Iw-tw eeu to allow a No. 1 Kteel who to puna freely, drive In 1 clout mill all but alxmt half an Inch With this apparatus bend a leufrtu of No. 10 steel wire Into a smceHHlon or circle ur loops three Inehea apart, and then, with the aid of n cold chlnel, cut tlirouith the center of each three-Inch space and divide it Into iim inuny nee tloiis nn there uro elrclen. each aeeilon cotiHlHllnir of a circle with a I'Xi-lui'h arni extciulltiff from each side In two ronx Tim. ' straight line. The cord Is to be knot led around the circumference of tint circle, where (he wire InterxectM. In applying It around a shock of corn It la drawn tightly and tho loose end of tho cord la then pnsxed around the arms In 11 figure 8 and tucked under the hand. Another plan Is piveu by a farmer, who wrltea: Into a large block of hard wood I drive three 20-penny wire nails oftcr removing the bends, as shown at Fig. 2. Then Insert one end of a piece of wire between the two spikes at A, which should be Just far enough apait to admit the wire. Bend the wire around the outside one at A, nnd then continue through between the center spike and B. then around B nnd to ward the center spike agaiu. Then cut It off at that point, and we have a hook like the one shown at Fig. 3. Fred Nucha. In the southern belt of this country cattle need little shelter In winter. In the middle belt they need a stable for severe weather, but for their own hen 1 tli should be allowed outdoors when the temperature Is' moderate. That Is the lending Idea of the Kansas stockman who devised the feed rack shown In the Illustration. In addition to corn the Kansas stockman feeds his cattle tiny, roots, sorghum and alfalfa, thus giving the variety so necessary to man or beast. In the Breeder's Onzette the manager of the Kansas stock farm describes the rack as follows: We named It an ark because It looked a little like a boat and can be moved from one place to BACK TtiLL OF FODDER. another. By hitching a team of horses on one end It can be moved very enslly. Tlie 18-foot ark holds 1,000 pounds of hny or one ton of sorghum. We make them 10 and 18 feet, but prefer the 18-foot, as It can be ninde cheaper. The framework Is made mostly out of 2x4 plank, except the runners, which are 2x0. These rucks have been used at Sunny Slope for four years, and have been the most satisfactory of any we have seen. Th P'cret of Wea'th. Here Is a German legend of an old farmer calling his three Idle sons around him when on his deathbed, to Impart to them an Important secret. "My sons," said he, "a great treasure lies hid in the estate which 1 am about to leave you." The old man gasped. "Where Is It bid V exclaimed the sons In a breath. "I am about to tell you," said the old man; "you will have to dig for It " But his breath failed him before he could Impart the weighty se cret, and he died. Forthwith the sons set to work with spade and mattock upon the long-neglected fields, and they turned up every sod and clod upon the estate. They discovered no treasure, but they learned to work; and when the fields were sown and the harvest came, lo! the yield was prodigious, In consequence of tho thorough tillage which they had undergone. Then it wns that they discovered the treasure concealed in the estate, of which their wise old father bad advised them. David Summers. Flax an Ezhanatire Crop. Some Western farm journal are wondering why flax Is not more grown than It Is. The reason Is that It Is a very exhaustive crop, and can only be Crown profitably where fertility la lit (r tle regarded, r where there U too1 market for bolh liber and seed. It Is a good sign for Western farmers that flux-growing as It was pnicfh ed a few years ngo Is going out of their farm rotation. Tho stalk and fiber wns al ways thrown a way. only the seed was marketed, and this sold so low that tho raw seed, or, better still, flaxseed nieul, was one of the cheapest fertilisers that can be tweil. Not until we have mills for making linen cloth and conveni ences for separating the fitter from the stalk will Itnx-growlng be profitable ! this country. When both seed and filler can bo sold, tliu crop will pay for the heavy manuring It requires to keep tho hind fertile. Exchange. I-lve lock Notts. Vaseline Is a fine remedy for sores on the horse. The swill barrel on wheels Is a great convenience. Harness that Is crusted with sweat and dirt should be cleaned. Soaked com, Instead of meal, may be fed to the pigs during summer. - Feed the pigs when wenned one third corn meal and two-thlrtls shorts. The horse that works six days In the week enms a rest on the seventh. lll llttlng harness Is to. the horse like an Ill-Uttliig, pinching garment to a man. It Is claimed that hogs will ent soja bean hay as eugerly as a cow will eat clover hay. I'lgs that do not hare enough good milk will be stuuted. Feed the sow bountifully. Keeping a horse on corn alone In summer Is like building a fire lu the parlor stove in August. Cow liens, unless wanted for pasture alone, should not be planted on rich or naturally moist ground. Ground wheat, mixed with milk, pretty thick, or as thick as will pour, makes excellent feed for the pigs. The bicycle has undoubtedly Injured the livery business and consequently been an lu)ury to scrub horse breeding. Dltchln" In '.naeenre Poll. It Is occasionally necessnry to cut a trench through soli that will not "stand up" In the wall of the ditch. Sandy soli Is of this nature. To keep the ditch open until a pipe can be laid, the plan shown In the accompanying dlngram can be used to advantage. A stake Is driven at one side of the proposed trench nnd Is anchored from Its upper end as shown In the sketch. As the trench Is deepened, a lioard Is slipped down behind the stake, another stake secured lu the same way, holding. -the other end of the hoard. As the 'trench Is deepened, the lioard Is pressed down, and another added above It, the stakes also being driven down nnd so on till the required depth Is reached. The same plan will probably have to be used on both sides. loer. It Is often a saying among farmers that clover rarely succeeds when sown on a newly turned clover sod. The say ing had Its origin In tho days when plowing under clover wns the usual preparation for wheat sowing. If the plowing was early enough for the clo ver to be entirely rotted, the clover seed grew readily enough. But If the first cron of clover wns cut off and the sod wns plowed late, so as to let the secoud growth attain good sl.e, there would Invariably be failure of the clo ver catch next season. Clover does not do well If sown on any kind of a sod. The reason Is that newly turned sod holds the furrow up, and ns It rots down the soil above naturally, falls, leaving the clover above It to perish. The young clover plant has at first a very slender hold on the soil. Any falling down of the soil leaves It high nnd dry In the air, and, of course, Is fatal to It. American Cultivator. Foil tho Het Time for Tree Pinntintrt "Early fall Is an excellent time for planting trees," writes Thomas Mce hnn In the Ladies' Home Journal. "By eatly Is meant as soon as the wood Is ripe and the winter buds fully formed. This is usunlly a month before the reg ulur fall of the leaf. The leaves are stripped by hand. After the wood Is ripe It makes no difference whether the leaves are taken off by Jaek Frost, the wind or the human hand. In tho eastern part of Pennsylvania this would be usually about the first of September, and the work of planting can be kept up during October, obd often to November or December. But late fall planting In cold climates Is as risky as late spring planting. The moisture Is dried out by cold winds or hot suns before the new fibers are formed to replenish the great evapora tion. In milder climates planting may be a success all winter." Plenty of fStrina-. The farmer who produces oats, wheat, barley, corn, buckwheat, hay, clover seed, potatoes, apples, honey, butter, eggs, poultry, wool, mutton. beef, pork, beans and sorghum has a good many strings to his bow, and it would be an extreme condition of things that would make him bard up. Tire and Ronde. Broad tires ami good roads fitly be long together. arrow tires, heavy loads and wet weather will ruin the best dirt roads that may be construct ed. On the farm broad tires should be used on wagons that bear heavy bur dens. Boads and fields have been bad ly rut op by narrow tires. PLAN FOR UlTCUINO. A GIANT PUMPING PLANT Packer's Great Irrigation En terprise a Success. Ilundrvilsof Aerea of Whrat Land Along ilia) Swrintniciito Itlvar Sup plied With Mater. Pumping plants have been 10 Im proved in the last few years as to load 0110. to hope that in that direction lies the solution of the irrigation question. George F. Pucker, although considered one of the most conservative men in the county, has led off in a number of things. Some years ago he chocked off some land and put in a flume for win ter irrigation nnd planted alfalfa, lie made a survey himself to determine the practicability of taking the water out of the rivor bolow Stony cruek to water tho river lands, and wanted the co-operation of some of the farmers to build the canal. He opp sed both tho Colusa and the Central districts becauso he did not believe in that plan and time has shown that he was wiser in that than many of us. He wanted to know who was to manage. Again he comes to the front. Tho Hercules Gas Engine Works of San Francisuo has just completed, on his mm home place, the largest gasoline pump ing plant in cxistence.-whioh willlie used for pumping water from the river with which to irrigate several hundred acres of land. This plant consists of an 80-horso power, horizontal single cylinder, Her cules engine and a Krogh Manufactur ing Company's 15-inoh centrifugal pump? guaranteed to raise 6,000 gal lons of water per minute 27 feet high. There is also a smaller pumpof 400 gal lons a minute cupaci y driven by the same engine. This is for tank purposes. The engine is arranged to use either gasoline or distillate oil, and as the lat ter is very cheap it will no dojbt be the fuel selected for nse. The 20-inoh suction pipe, made of No. 10 steel, passes through the levee, on an incline, into the river, and at its lower end is a large foot valve weighing 1,200 pounds. A 20-inch discharge, pipe carries the water from the pump to a head box 23 feet square and 6 feet high. For the foundation of the machinery an excava tion was made and filled with concrete. The first test made showed a rauoh larger pumping capacity than the con tract called for, the flow of water ex ceeding 7,200 gallons a minute or 432, 000 gallons an hour, or 10,368,000 gal lons per day of 24 hours enough watet to cover 884 acres an inch deep, or 88 acres 10 Inches deep every day of 24 hours. i . A very Important part is the exceed ingly small cost of the fnel, it being only one-eighth gallon per hour for each horse power actually used, and A A AA.AA AAA - A .AAAA..... AAA. JL Hercules Special 2H actnal horsepower) Price, only $185. "Complete How to Attain 11" A Wonderful New Mfdlral Book, written for Hfn O0I7. Oo pr mar b bad free, sealed. In plain emel ope, oo applicant. ERIE MEDICALC0., SJ Niafara K. BUFFALO, N. V. TK-rTCKK PILES earad;nopraa 1, Hi eo r1: send for book. Ias. atamniLe 1 1 rbrrunsu), K Market St., baa Francisco. in si s ii a i nanta i i r it c v 1 WW the prioe of the fuel is less than 10 cents a gallon. If tho whole force should no used, there would be only eight gallons an hour, or less than 200 gallons a day of 24 hours. The fnel item then is less than (20 for covering 88 acres 10 inches deep with wuter or less than 00 cents an acre. If used for wheat, one sack to the aore will pay all the expenses of putting 10 inches of water on it just as it is wanted most. This pumping plant, destined to revolutionize agriculture in tho Sacra mento valley, was put in operation Fri day, Augnst 0. Early in the morning a party of Co lusuns drove to tho ranch of Mr. Pack er, whioh is on the river below Prince ton, to see the great pump make a trial of its strength. The air was cool and the drive most pleasant, though dusty. Arriving, thoy found the engine planed in a concrete oblong, square basin, sloping towards tho out in tho levee that leads to the river and the great 28-inoh iron pipe extending from a 23x22 foot reservoir down the concrete basin, on through the cnt in the levee and river bank into the water. The machinery was all clean and bright and O. W. Tibbotts and Arthur Pope were on hand to put it in motion. John E. Donk of San Francisco, having the work in charge, was there, and as the engino started, tho great belts moving slowly at first, and increasing in velo city, the water began to come with force into the reservoir. It gushed for awhile, when one of the smaller parts of the engine became clogged, and it waB stopped for arrangement Just then, as all stood still, there was a splash and a wild shout came from those who had climbed upon the edge of tho reservoir. All rushed up and found Mr. Stioe, of Red Bluff, who is here buying fruit, floundering around in the water, having lost his balance and tumbled in. There was much mer riment at his expense, and it had a healthy notion on the crowd, bringing laughter and good will all around. Again, the engines started, and forc ing 7,200 gallons to the minute, the great reservoir was soon overflowing, and all pronounced it the grandest of successes. The success of Mr. Packer's enter prise will show conclusively that it will be immensely profitable to irrigate I even wneai innos mat ure hi hii favor ably situated. Who would not give a sack of wheat an acre for the privilege of 10 inches of water at will? It would make a difference, one year with an other, of five to ten sacks; there need be no summer-fallowing. A certain crop every year. But then there comes in a more profitable crop alfalfa and sugar beets. , This plant was put in for Mr. Packer for $3,500, but the head of tho com pany informs us that this was an in ducement and that another wonld come higher. Colusa Sun, AugtiBt 6, 1807. AA .A.AAA A. "OOWER ...FOR... Power that will save you money and make you money. Hercules Engines arc the cheapest power known. Burn Gasoline or Distillate Oil; no smoke, fire, or dirt For pumping, running dairy or farm machinery, they have no equal. Automatic in action, perfectly safe and reliable. Send fur illustrated catalog. ' Hercules Gas Engine Works Bay St., San Francisco, Cal. WHEAT Mate money by auc ceaaiul speculation In Ciih-bkO. Wa bur and aetl wheat there on mar- ruia. fortunes tiara utcn mails on a small beginning bjr lrali:i In futures. Write lor full particulars. Beat of referi-uce rien. Sev eral reara' experience on the Chicago hoard of Tra)e, and a thorough snowiedre of the liuil ness. Ijownins, Uopkina A Co., Chicago Board ol Trade Brotera. Otlicee in Portland, Oregon, Spokane and Seattle. Waan. ! ran be sared with out their knoirlfdc OX ANTI JA8, the Biaivlnus cure fur the drink habit. writ- caw- aw "w irs ntr. UlON CUUU MAILED FREE. ... -A FULL IrtruKsU) rtmaatTaTmrm CMILOjeM TliTHIUCj." 1 Mas. Wniaiiw a sootst sracr oul3 always a 1 b aanS 'orlAUrB lMthli.(. Uaoothaa laa rhlM.anrt- a ens ta allaTt all pta. eorce wind eoita.aaS Is i k tk Uwt rnwwlr far eiAfrlMea. TwasQ fre aaata a 1 lboltla. H t it b ml all. 2 One advertisement ought to make you say to your grocer: "Give me a package oi Schilling's Best tea, if you can really afford to return my money when I don't like it." A Schilling ft Company San rrnrl' COS After forty years of hard, dangerous snd expensivo missionary work there sro in Japan today about 110,000 na tive Christians, in a population of 42, -000,000. FRUIT Lamberson's Seed Store Portland, Ore. FREE from PEST8 Largo Assortment. LOW PRICES. CATALOGUE Free TREES BASE BALL GOODS 'ffSS? We carry the miwtcomiilcie Hue of (lymtiaiiuia and Athletic (ioihIs oii the Coant. SUITS " UNIFORM WADE 10 UNDER. bend for Our Alhlullc I uinlovae. WILL & FINCK CO., SI 8-840 Market St., San Kranclseo, Cat. Dentists..., net your supplier ol n at cut rates. l,argu atcM'k uiul low .ricua. liuods guaranteed. Voo-Jani-Clarke & Cs.. OentI Ccpst. Portland. DO YOU WANT (let them at heitrtiiiiartrra. I carry liy far the lni'KHNt aortitiiMit on the cna.'t. Itcnicuilicr tliu IwAt la always the clirnticat. send for cat alogue. K. .1. HOWKN, 311 and aw Front St., I'ortland, Or. 1. IT K K A K Y, normal, bind lU'Hs, inimical. art, tlicoloKK al anil preparatory courses. Stata diplomas ior normal coiirw. Tu'enty-eiulit In. smictnrts o-7 atmlciit. Location tjcaiillfu). Kluhllv.ln Inn miliiirlis. wilh all Hie advaiilancs of a itrcat cllv and mine of Im uIkihIvhuikkci. Free front tmloonx anil Immoral pliicex. Hoard itiK lialln connccied with kcltool. (iovcriimnt mild but Hrpi. Kmrif t for year from fluO to l'J00. School open Si'iicmbc'i' :l, 1MI7. Cats, logo acnt free. Addrcs, Thus. Van Htw, 1), l., 1'nlverslty Cars, Or. Portland, Oregon . A. P. Ahmstrono, LL.B.,Prln. J. A.Wssco, Sec'y THE BUSY WORLD Of BUSINESS Sfvca proBtabl emptomm. la bnailrfdi of aar fraduaUi, aaS will la tbouiandi iiinr. Sod Air our eftUlagut, Lfsra wbtt and how vottach. Vtrllj, A BUSINESS EDUCATION PAYS Albany College, Albany, Or, (lives ths most aydematlc ami complete course In music of any music m'IiooI oii the I'aciHo ccihm. I'lano, ainitlint in the Italian method, harmony, coiiiuerpoiiil, and all other Import ant branches of music tanitht. Diplomas si ven on completion of course. Tuition la low for the hlKli tirade of work. Herd for circulars and catalogue. First term begins semoinber 15. WALLACE II. LKK, A. M., President. Z1MRI M. PARVIN, Mus. Doc. Director. FARMERS i Thi, is Tne MACHINE TO rit YOU (OOP IN CLARK'S RIGHT-LAP riow and Seeder Combined. . . Thoroughly works the Bull to a depth ol A t. I indies, leaves no Plow Trust. Places the seed A tnsliichcsdown, thoroughly covered with light, loose roll. Kvcry farmer that has used It RECOM MENDS lu ,1! Jim mi FIRST AND TAYLOR STS., PORTLAND, OR. General Agents for Oreiron, Washing ton and Idaho, JOYFUL JHANHOOD Self-Confidence, a Clear and Happy Mind, a Magnetic Personality, Strong Mind and Hody. No regrets for the past, and ino weakness to make you feel as 11 life la a burden, (iood health in every respect Is yours If you keep up your nerve force. If you are lacking In this element you cau replace it by using the famous life giver, Dr. Sanden's Electric Belt. "It Is now about 00 days since J commenced wearing your Helt. I have improved greallyi bate gained 'JO pound' In 4. (Uys, and my health Is much belter than it haa been for live years. 1 bough ttm Hell two months ago lor dyspepsia, kidney tro.tbl and general esk ness, and words will not describe my leeitiig In nurd to your Belt. I want to say that ( would not part with my Belt for twice what ll coat, provided I could not get another one." Chaa. Wilson, Coeolalla, Athol P. P., Idaho. August 11, lhW. "THREE CLASSE3 OF MEN" Is a little book that tells how manly atrcnth may he restored. Call and get It at the oHii e, or It laaent by mail, eloely scaled, free. I all or address . SANDEN ELECTRIC BELT CO. SBS West Washington St., Portland, Or. Plttut mrnlion Ihii Paper. jt. r. x. v. . as. '7. HEN writing to advertisers, pleaee aaentloa Ibis paper. SEEDS n a w,th it j