Image provided by: Crook County Historical Society/Bowman Museum; Prineville, OR
About Ochoco review. (Prineville, Crook County, Or.) 1885-1??? | View Entire Issue (Oct. 15, 1887)
r "i 7 4, I Aand dunkards. , lirjr anil Development or ' i Kelle;uiM Simla!. , or Tunker, in a corruption Lilian tunken, "to dip" which -i to a religions denomination Vlglnatod In Oorninny. In tha :i Atexanuor juaca, oi oenwari- i-ood with a few of hi nolgh -unset together and discuss tho ICJoil without reference to ox &-ooil. Without being iiwure pe denominations hold similar , Ky adopted the Bible as their - about catechism or "confession land the Independent or con jf.ia form of church government Income members by baptism, administered by immersion, I and dipping three tititn; hunce i irno.i Thoy do not practice in m4n, deeming It ant l-scripturnl. .? v.- paid ministry, but elect () members of tho oonirro- the capucity of preacher . They hold revivals Out J i ti tu ii tho winter and Hnrlrijj; ant enthusiasm Is Htii'riid h, howevor, no shouting in 1 1 'Aralt, Their services aro very T-k those of other churches. wlv historr. in thin country. "J 11 the men woro lonir beards. wiV.j-iisK a yard long;but this i'tiT requisite to iinijiborshlp. J lii are but taw now who wear boards Their stylo of dross is odd, not tiPwyt that of tho Quaker, whom they '(nUiw lii tholr non-conformity to the world In tliU respect There aro mom- IjoiiA'veit Ht tho present day who ills- aro buttons a entirely too gay, und fasten their coats with hooka and ryes, l'liil ar neither allowed to tako an jntl nor to engage in war. During tho tvuiiof the rebellion a number of young Orfiards unllated in thu Union army. (inline Home woro killed; the survivors returned and woro obliged to anawor for 3t to thu church. Tho IhinkanU wort opjKi'd to oluvcry. and with a . triji) Muntimcnt that way in tho "fftm ltftli rasn of tliosn wayward hhiih wn4llmilly untixfactorlly Huttlod, nono of tJ"in bviug jiiinixliod. y ndditioii to those views, they hold it J.flil niuTf el fTiXi , 'J to goto war, or to invoke tho vil aiithoritien, oven in self-do- They formerly rofuaod all Inter- wt on nionoy, tint this ('epilation letm mnlitli'il with time, and they now iomjl moioy at legal rates, but never ont inurv. Twioo a your theycele liiiii' lh communion in connection M illj tlni rapn. or lovo feast. .Several wiM-ko lief ro, v nit i n g deacon s go arou ml ttinftr,!,' t.Vo lrriireii to allay all disson vioiwand to get. tlicin in u state of com iiiufirin in order to partako worthily of the vilnmn feat. They also salutu ono iimlier with tli kiss of charity, anoint the sick with oil for recovery, and wniSi ono nmilher'a fnL This lust (ii'ioico thy follow m a Christian or liiiiHciir -t-ki- these occasions tho moil mil women aro arraTTgisl Jiiwipposito lda, on Ix'tu lws, In their Uarri fncC rwynisn with ivjiroim ami towols moro -Jn' tlta row on tlvo" inou's side, and .vvoVoincn similarly siipplicii on that f tli winien ono wiishing tho fit ihW'otlior wiping them. After the et-wiishiiifi tliey partako of a collation f lMit, cdiouno and coffee. This is Jie low fi-nst. which extends to the tifitb of ftjpaing tho nppetitc. After latiny: ks much us they wish tho savra ent is ndminiitcrod. Tbit.Uunkards consisted (Irst of Mack tnd ii few of hiii neighbors. They soon (iioi'vasi'd in iiiiuiliei, and several rhiii'i.'liii wiro built. In which their iniple and iniiressivo services were hold. Although leading peaceful and lianiilcss liv', tliey were persecuted by the Stnte anil were driven to sock refuge in other lands. Many lied to Holland nnd tint Duchy of Cloves. Whether they juot with similar treatment hero or not, wo iu'o unable to state, but shortly after they,ll emigrated to America. Tho first familii'f nn ivoi) in 171!) and settled in (iwnmiitown, In 1738 ft company of llicni emigrated from Pennsylvania and 4slul)liiiiod tliemsidveS ill Western Maryland, where their numerous churches and largo numbers at the prcKimt dnv ara proof abundant of their rcligiousiii'it.ivity and z.onl. There are iii Wusliington County no less than fourteen clilirclies, with a considerablo nioinliernhip. Those at. Keedysvillo and ltfitver Cro-k nru tho oldest In the coiinlv. The latest nddition is tho one on East Wahlnglon street, in Hagors- town, Ihe oiui (it Wnirpsbiirg has liCBtuiH! famous because of tho part it llCBtUiH! tdyyii JNit. w;f u II in tho hatllo of Anrietani; for rulHiirt tliw old biiiliHing that the inittli raged mostlleroely. Hero it was that (he throo corps of Hooker, Mans field and Sunnier were completely shati'vod whilo attcinpting to turn Jaekloti's flank; four generals and nearly nil 'tho commissioned ofllecrs wereislilin, mid lirigatlcs woro reduced to mora handful. Tho walls of the old church woro shattered by shot and shell, but they have since been repaired and show no marks of the deadly con flict ;fU which they took so conspicuous a part. Many of tho most prominent citizens In Washington County are descended roni 'dld Dunkard families. Tho Now romcfV, Millers, Wcltys, Snlvelys, llohrirj, MUlillokaull's, Funks and W'it tiiorsj were originally members of tho Dunkltrd church. They aro still a Inrgcjaad Iriiliiontlal deiioiuination, and it is il well-known fact that t hoy have hi oi.$ district tho wealthiest congrega tion injlw voUniy.lJnrjarstown (Mil.) or. Ikktimore American. At an elegant dinner near Phila delphia the to-ble, over lifty feet long, was Jet with cut glass only. A bod of rososf-qxtondod Its entire longth, and littloT wax candles before each guest tizhtld'the entortainiuent 1 WOMEN WORKERS, Tha Ormt Unit of Fainala Tnllors Km- plojra In Vsrloui furiultn. The last erfnsns rovealod the fact that thero are in the United States 2,fl47,OO0 womnn bread-winnurs, or, as tho census tables nut it, "women pursuing gainful occupations," that is, working for wages or pecuniary compensation by the day, week, month or year. This great army has representative! In every variety of labor. In the fields as agricultural la borers they number 604,610, tho major ity of these being employed in the South In cotton fields and on rice, cane, corn and tobacco plantations; but In the North over 60, 000 women are registered as laborers on farms and in gardens, and in beekeeping, dairying, fruit and berry raising, and In vineyards and hopyards. liesides thesn they are more than 60,000 women working in the South s day laborers in cotton-factories, sor ghum-mills, tobacco curing and manu fiicturlng establishments, and in stores and warehouses where heavy manual labor, out doors and In, is required. After this great host of day laborers come the laundresses, more than 100, 000 strong; domestic, servants, nearly 1,000.000, cotton, silk and woolen mill operatives, 162,000; women in boot and shoe factories, more than 21,000; clerks, saleswomen, and accountants, 83,000; tnd then 334,000 dressmakers and tulllincrsr'many of whom are probably plain sewing-women. In almost every branch of manufact uring women are largely eniployod. They work by the thousand in agricul tural implement shops, in bookbinderies, In printing offices, as carpntninkers, cigarmakers, clock and watch makers, glovemakers, bnrnessmakors, gold and silver workers, hat and cap makers, straw-workers, and restaurant knell- el's. In Immense numbers they aro em ployed at tho sowing-machine and as shirt, cuff and collar makers, and by the thousand they work in telegraph and telephone olllces. Women aro acting, according to the census, as oysterinen, fishermen, gun ami lock smiths, canal boatmen, paper- hangers, miners and iron und steel workers. Tlmy are commercial travel ers, book-agents, brokers, bankers, rail way officials, packers, manufacturers and olllcials of manufacturing compa nies. There nro more than 14.000 women commercial denier and traders, 12,000 nurses, 12,000 board ingdiouse keepers, anil more than 2,01X1 hotel keepers. Women are acting as archi tects, chemists, assavers, dentists, de signers, draughtsmen and Inventors. One thousand six hundred and fifteen are engaged as employes in charitable institutions; there urn a few hundred women working as professional jour nalists and as authors, 2,000 and more nro artists and teachers of art, more than l.H'M) aro actresses, and 13,000 arc musicians and teachers of music. Five thousand one hundred and ninety-four women nro IJovcrnmeiit clerks, and 2.172 are olllcers of tho Government. There are more than 2,000 women phys icians and surgeons, seventy-five law yers, and 105 ministers of religion, 216 slock-raisers and 6G.H09 free and inde dependent farmers and planters. The census reports (all of these figures are taken from the census tables of 1SH0) 161,370 women teachers a great host presenting an Immense amount of the highest and most beueticeut work. Chicago Tribune. t THE INSECT WORLD. Upwards f On llufiririol ThoimRniJ Rp- rles Itii'OiriilK6l liy Ncffll .Ints. Were it possible to tnko n census of the individual insects upon tho globe, he result must bo an array of figures of whose meaning we could form little conception. Members of each species multiply in countless millions, yet even the number of distinct species is so great that- wo can hardly do more than guess at it. hnlomologists generally concede. that upwards of lOO.OOOspecics of insects have been recognized, nnd some authors place the number as high ns 160,000, while it is probable that these may represent not moro than a tenth of the number actually inhabiting tho earth's surface. "Probably not less than one-half of the indicated forms," Havs Prof. Ieilirin, "belong to the order Coleoptora, or beetles, which is by far the most numerously represented of all the orders. Tho Lepidop (era, or butterilies, have thus far yielded some 15,000 species or about one-thirteenth of the total number (200,000) estimated by Spcyer for the world at large and an ouiiol number may, perhaps, be credited to tho Ily meiioptera (bees, wasps and ants), the lleniiptera (bugs) and Diptern (flies). The Orlhoptorn, or straight-winged in sects, which include the locusts, grass hoppers, etc., aro considerably less nu merous, whilo the species of netted forms (Nouroptora) probably number only about 2,000. Tho insects are most numerously developed In the tropics, but. they aro by no means rare in the 'Mildest regions reached by man. bir (ieorgo Nares brought homo no less than forty-live species of trim insects from beyond tho seventy-eighth paral- elof louUido in Grinned Land, and more than 300 in Iceland. Many of the Insects of earlier geological ages arc known to us as fossils from tho rocks, those being found by Mr. S. II. iSoudder einlirace at tho present time at least 2,000 species. Arknnsaw Traodcr. -The great temnlo of Knrnak, at Thebes, Egypt, contains the oldest bo tanical work in tho world. It is sculp- ml mi tho wnlls. nnil renrescnts for- oign plants brought Imnio by Thotnies ui. irom a campaign in Araoia. aui only is tho plant or tree shown, but the leaves, fruit and seed-pods are lllua- li'ntml Kiinnriitolv. ftflnr the fashion of - i modern botanists. JJonton Budget. REWARD OF INDUSTRY. Activity wl Hrl Work Kiitll to Koul UratnM anil Mueown. Wlijlo industry is not itself genius, those who have genius always employ Industry. In fact, It is tho distinguish ing trait of men of genius; Napoleon, all admit, possessed remarkable genius, but no one exceeded him in activity and industry, lialssae is another ex ample; he wrot in all 209 different works, and all of his niimuwcripts evinced great care; some hod been written ten times. Jt is remarkablo what stress the great writers lay on Industry. A young man asked Anthony Trollops how to become a successful writer, and received this reply! "When you sit down to write, put a piece of nhoo maker's wax in your chair." And on his own writings Trollopo spent a cer tain amount of time each day. no matter whother sick or well. Ilia aim wan to write forty pages of 250 words each every week. Charles Dickens also believed In In dustry as the main thing. He would tako down names that struck him, and also peculiar conversation he heard while traveling. All this demanded work; in fact, his recreations were spent in work of this kind, seeing things and writing them down. Martin Luther was one of the most Industrious men the world ever saw; he published during his life-time 760 volumes;' he translated -the bible--buto German, itself the work of a life-time. Elihu liurritt was a blacksmith, and yet learned eighteen ancient and mod ern languages w well as several dia lects. George Eliot was a wonderful ex ample of untiring work. It is said she read ono thousand books in preparing to write "Daniel Deronda." The amount of preparation for "Komola" was equally immense. Gladstone is a wonderful statesman and a wonderful man. One of his rec reations Is to translate English into Latin or Greek into English. He takes long wnlks, thinking nothing of fifteen or twenty miles, nnd to cut down a stout onk tree before breakfast is an especial pleasure. ISismarck is another hard-working statesman. He rises early, and is able to tiro out clerks and correspondents with writing. The discussion of the treaty of peace with the French occu pied three hours, and then it was seen that Thiers was completely exhausted. Whilo be rested and slept fur two hours, Bismarck went on writing his dis patches and letters, and on the awak ing of Thiers, resumed his argument, apparently strong and hearty. Longfellow made one of his transla tions during the few minutes lie was obliged to wait each morning for ids coffee. Elihu liurritt became a learned man by having a book before him as he blew tho bellows in a blacksmith shop. Treasure Trove. LONDON'S ROTTEN ROW. Ono of Mm Mont fHnhloniiblA Thorough- fmrv at the KuRlinh Metropolis, Hyde Park, with the adjoining Ken sington Gardens, is a very largo in elosure with drives, grassy lawns and fine trees, and with a pretty river run ning through it. Near Hyde Park Corner, where we enter, are some mag nificent residences, among which is Apsley House, belonging to the iuko of Wellington. One of the roads in Hyde Park is called Hot ton How, anil is devoted entirely to horseback riding. there is nothing decayed about this Row, and it is said that tho place uxod to be called itoute tin Hoi, the Road of the King, and it has gradually been corrupted into Hotton Row. There are many proper names which the English people pronounce very dill'erenlly from tho way in which they are spelled: St. John, for in stance, is pronounced Singe-on, Heiiuchamp is ISeeeham; and when they wish to mention tho iiiimo Chol niondeley, they sav Chuniley, whilo Sevenoaks has become Snooks. From twelve tc two o'clock wo may see Kot ton Row jjjlled with lady and gentlemen riders, trotting or galloi nig up and ilowii. Hut tho finest sight of Hide Park begins after live o'clock in tho afternoon, when the carriages of the nobility and gentry fill tho long drive on the south side of the park. Thero is no place in the world where wo can see so many lino horses and carriages, so much fashion, so much wealth, and so much aristocracy, in a comparatively small spoco as Hyde Park, between live and seven ,o cliik. iii Iho'iiftcrnoou, during what is called the "London season." Frank 11, Stockton, in Ht. Kicholaa. Prince lllsniarck, whilo ho was at Carlsbad for his health, feeling unwell, sent for Dr. Schwtdngor, who begun to put all sorts of questions to htm. At last, tho Prince lost his temper, and ex claimed: "What on earth are you driving at, doctor?" Nothing discon certed, tho latter replied very calmly t I am at your orders, Prince; but, if you wish to be treated without being questioned, you had better send for tho veterinary surgeon, who Is accustomed to physio in that way." Ar. Y. Ledger. - m m i ii. Little Dick "Ain't those heathens funny what think elephants niul cows and things is sacred?" "Little Dot "Yes; why don't -tliey have a sacred eagle like we haveP It's a good ileal nicer. "Eagles ain't sacred; thev is inly patriotic, like tho Fourth of July, that's all." "Yes, tliey is sacred, too." "They ain't." "Oil! You bad boy, you. In our church we liaveagrentblgcaglo with its wings out, and tho ministers put tho liibloon it; so thoro, now." An obituary notice the other day eeotilod a douth from "failure of tho hoiu-t," BAKING 8ICK INDIANS. Reinrkhi Wars of Trtln OlscM la Vogua Among- tha Apaohas. To combat their ailments they have only the usual superstitious rites of a few ignorant "medioine men," and oc casionally make use of those heroic and barbarous treatments so common with savages, says Lieutenant Schwatka, writing of Apache customs. One of these, I think, may bo interesting. A great hole, large enough to receive the body of tho invalid in a recumbent po sition, is dug in the ground. In this ex cavation a fire is maintained until the ground Is heated to its greatest possible extent, when the embers and ashes are scraped out. Several layers of damp mud are immediately used to plaster the walls of this fiery furnace, and the in valid Is then placed within and covered up with mud, the head alone protruding. The escaping steam makes the torture endured by the poor wretch for the thirty-six to forty-eight hours of misery in the prison of baked clay oftentimes insupportable, and but few survive the severe ordeal. A Mojave squaw, 'with the Americanized name of "Polly," rallied from this terrible inquisition, but it took the kindest treatment for two months under the care of a white physician to save her life. . Nearly all the Apaches are addicted to tattoong, their faces and' wrists feeing usually adr Ded, and, as far as I Casu ally noticed, there being no difference between the men and women. Paints. and' ' ptffliipU"-oil- all eli.w..!jl.f,;l1 remunerative industries among eagerly sought for temporary personal ornamentation, the Yumasaed Mojaves even descending to stove-polish, boot blacking and mud. Undoubtedly the latter, in some of its applications, serves a more practical purpose than mere ornamentation. A thin coating of soft clay is matted through the hair and thon plastered carefully down upon the skull, until it resembles, when dry, a shining bald head or an inverted earthen bowl. This is left on for two or three days until it has subserved its purpose of deadly destruction, when the earthy skull-cap is broken with a stick and the beating process continued until every particle of dust is thoroughly eradi cated, when tho hair is washed with the soft pulp of the root of the Yucca p.-ihii, which produces a soapy lather. AWr this tho hair is energetically rinsed and then whipped in the open nir until dry. From all this manipulation it emerges ns glossy and as soft as silK. This Yucca palm is commonly known as tho Spanish bayonet and oftentimes as the soap-weed, the latter name being evidently derived from this peculiar use by the Indians mid Mexicans. It is one of the most extensively common plants of Apache laud and contiguous countries, and it is well for those local ities that a commercial use has been found fortius abundant weed its pulp, according to recent experiments, bid ding fair to give a very fine grade of printing-paper. Thus the vulgar soap weed that cleanses the outside of the Apache's head may yet improve its Ulterior through. tlvUHl- of the press. Cenlurt. , WOMEN IN CfTIES. Wive anil Mntli. Whs Know Abaolntaly Nothing; of lluuaawork. If a man is a real man, it U safe for a woman to continue earning wages after she Is married, but I think that there are hundreds of men to-day, yes, thousands, who have been ruined be cause they were not compelled to sup port their wives. If a man who earns small rtagos marries a woman capable of earning as much as himself there are nine chances out of ten that he will de velop extravagant habits because of the added income of his wife. If they could agree and hold to the decision that they should live on the husband's income ami let the earnings of the wife k 4Pitilat ns capital for a business in which ihey both could engage it would be weH; but their earnings would prob ably be largely dissipated in personal adornment, the passion for which, es pecially among the middle classes, is the bane of the American people. Thero is one class of women wage earners to whom I have given much at tention, who suffer considerably through their own Ignorance. I refer to tho married women who work in factories, or at home, making underclothing nnd other articles, and who supplement their husbands' wagos in order to cover their own deficient knowlcdgeof house keeping. Such women were wage earners before they were married, and never- had an oimortir.iitv to learn how rlago they hove to earn Money to supply their want of knowledge, not only of cooking, but of sew ing. Such women' buy rc.uly-niade clothes for themselves and their chil dren, which, of course, are not so dur able us could be had for the same money if they made them themselves. Not knowing how to economize in cooking tliey spend moro money in that way than they should. Out of three, hun dred women wage-earners I visited in tenement houses only five claimed that ihey wcrenhlo to make bread, and only one did really make it. Only two were able to cut nnd make garments for themselves Mild their children. I think that these women are all conscious of their delieicuces, but they do not know how to overcome thi ni. Tliey have some spare time, but tliey waste it. Their cooking is of the most primitive and unwholesome description, and their meals are supplemented with beer, which is looked upon fts just as much of an article of diet as broad. 2ie Epoch. -Ignoranoo is no less destructive of profits in agriculture than in any other lulling. The successful farmer is he who keeps abreast with improved sys tems and applies common sense to his business. t'arnt. Field and Stockman. CHRISTIAN INDIANS. Tha Thrift, Knterprl.e and ProgrcM of Onoa Savaga Trllie. The coast line of British Columbia extends for nearly six hundred milcf between Alaska on the north and Washington Territory on the south. At the northern point of this line is Fort Simpson, an old post of the Hud son Bay Company. To this fort a young Englishman went thirty years ago, with tho apparontly chimerical purpose of Christianizing the savage tribes whose huts clustered about the neighborhood. ' He learned their lan guage, took up hit abode among them, and as the result of his teaching and influence there sprang up near by a new Indian village, which has become the most important settlement upon the entire coast. The visitor of to-day finds there streets of commodious and well-built houses, a school house, town hall and, dominating them all, a Gothic church seating 1,200 all these the result Of the toil of tho Tsimshean In dians. The very name of this town, Metlakathla, has become a household word among many of the churches of England and Scotland as one of the most conspicuous triumphs of Christian missions. Its influence, moreover, has effected all the tribes for hundreds of miles up and down the coast. The English missionary, remain ing a layman, became magistrate for a wide territory governed widely. kept liquor away from the tribes and fallen open this community. The province of British Columbia, in order to. secure the utmost advantage from the sale of lands on the line of the pro posed Canadian Pacific railroad, has de cided that the Indians have no rights in the land. At one blow the results of the long years of self-sacrifice and toil of the Metlakathla Indians have been doomed. Their title to houses, gardens, church, town hall, industrial plant every thing is undermined. Looking over to the forest clad hills of Alaska, which are in sight from their town, it occurred to them that the United States might afford them a justice which was ruthlessly denied them in the land of their forefathers. Their missionary recently came on to Washington and, having received authoritative assur ancs that his Indians might have privi leges of settlement and ownership in Alaska, identical to those granted to white men, ho proposes that he and they Bhall become Americans. Their village is to bo dismantled, their homes torn down, their tilled gardens deserted, and once more they are to begin, in a virgin wilderness sixtv miles away, at Port Chester, the laborious task of a new town. The natives of Alaska, who are warmly disposed toward the Tsimsheans, welcome their proposed advent, and we may bo thankful that so vigorous and elevating an influence is to reach the 30,000 Indians of our vast Northwest domain. The English man whose consecration and rare per sonal qualities have borne such fruit is Mr. William Duiican. Boston Tran script. . TURKISH JOURNALS. Growth of the Newnpaper PrM In and Around Connie ntlnonla. Among tho various Innovations lately introduced into Turkey may be in cluded that of newspapers. The first, if we are not mistaken, ap peared in Constantinople in 1811, under the auspices of Mr. Oscanyan, the former Turkish Consul-General in New York, and was called Aztarar Diiantiau, or the Byzantine Advertiser. The peo ple, unacquainted at that time with the aim and importance of a daily chron icler, wore not prepared to appreciate the value of a newspaper, and were slow to patronize the paper. It was obliged to stop. Since then more fre quent Intercourse with the rest of Eu rope and political incidents which made the peoplo eager for news gave rise to the publication of other newspapers, whose number is now legion. There are at present more than twenty different dailies u:!il twenty weeklies appearing in Constantinople in various dialects, each advocating its own par ticular interest. Among the organs of the different nationalities in Turkey may bo mentioned tho Akhlar (Star), which represents the Persian interest in Turkey. It is printed in Turkish script, though the language is Persian. It commences at the right hand corner of tho sheet with the announcement that "tho office of publication of the 'AMar at Valido Khan in the seat of felicity (Constantinople). 'AH commit ideations must be addressed to Mehmed Tehir Etl'ondi, solo editor anil propri etor. In imitation of French journals, the paper commences with an editorial on the affairs of Shun as a leader, followed by telegraphic news, both foreign and domestic, extracts from foreign papers, homo news, current events, oilicial pro motions and a few advertisements. 'These papers nro sold at an average pricoof four cents pur copy, nnd an edition of 2,000 is considered a large circulation. There being a st rict surveillance over all publications by tho Government, the editors are restrained from indulging in liberal thoughts and observations, as well as on what news they publish, so that those prints are, as a matter of course, vapid and devoid of interest, and can not in any sonso be culled "newspapers." -N. Y. Graphic. First Boy "Oh! 1 know yon! you're a thief!" Second BoyAnd I know yon; you're a liar." Old Farmer (un expectedly on hand) "Well, boys, you seem to know each other, so I will now introduce you to Mr. Limbor Beech" which ho does to the music of mutual howls. Philadelphia Cull. PEDAL AILMENTS. , ThaOaair. Formation and Propar Triaato. ment of Painful Munlona. Bunions "are enlarged,- inflamed or Irritated bursas" situated over soma, joint in the foot that has beoom dis torted. The most common places for them to occur is at the junction of cither the first or fifth toe with the res of the foot, but none of the joints sub ject to distortion are exempt It isr said that the tendency to the formation of bunions is sometimes inherited, and that people with this legacy from their , anocatry acquire bunions in spite of every attention being given to seenra properly fitting footgear. Savages wh wear no covering upon the feet never have bunions. Usually the first sign of a bunion is a painful spot appears over some joint that has become a little out of its natural position. Then swelling begins in, the bursa that has been formed consequent on the distortion, and projection of the joint, and tha part remains permanently enlarged. The trouble may end here, or the irri tation may go on to active inflamma tion. There is violent pain, generally pul sating with the heart, heat, redness and swelling. If not treated with rest and soothing applications, matter (posj forms, and ulcers follow when an open ing is made. The pus may burrow In different directions, the inflammation may extend to the numerous joints and destruction of the bone or part orVe Whole of the fwt may fol ewoy treatment of art inflamed contemplation y first fhin-to !: 4Uiiie in i!ur:.r. JT t. - of bunions Is to ' remove in .viri ons pressure. The shoes must bt '' long and easy, still tight t-nough over the instep to prevent the foot from slipping forwaiiS. The inner side of the forward portion of the shoe should be straight anil fully as wide as that portion just back of it. If the bones of the great toe are alone distorted, the remedy is to provide av separate compartment in the shoe for its reception; while a "casting" with a piece of spring steel, properly ad justed, should be worn at night until the deformity is corrected. In tho worst cases, cutting of shortened ten dons is a preliminary to treatment which is indispensable. When one of the toes has been pressed upwards, so that those on cither side come nearly together be low it, the deformity may be eor- , rected by applying a strip of adhesive , plaster so as to bring the ends around the sound ones at the sides, to which they are attached, and over the one between that is out of place. By keeping up this application for a long time the proper position will be re stored. In old people, bunions must be treated with the utmost care. II they have to be opened because of in flammation going on in the formation of matter, gangrene (mortification) is too often the result. The troublesome ulcer left sometimes after soeh an event must be treated with stimulating abdications, If the bone becomes un covered and diseased, it i advised by T. some good authorities to apply strong nitric acid (aqua fortis) freely but carefully. This stimulates to healthy action in gome instances. St. Louit , Globe-Democrat. i - - AFRICAN PIGMIES. : A Race of Little People IJvinr on th South Branch of tha Congo. Herodotus speaks of pigmies as a race of little men and women living in Africa. Since that day travelers have: brought back from that continent re ports of such people being seen or heard of in the interior. Of late it has been the fashion to discredit Herodotus and all writers who repeat or cor roborate his stories. As it happens, however, a German explorer, D. Wolff, proves that the early writers were cor rectly informed. He has found, in the country along a south branch of tha Congo, whole villages of tiny men and women, of a height not moro than four foot and seven inches. They are known ns Batua. Their villages, consisting of huts, are met with in clearings in the forests, which cover the greater part of tho country. Among their neigh bors the llatua are regarded as little, benevolent beings, whose mission it is to provide the tribes among whom they live with game end palm wine. In ex- change, luaine and bananas aro given to the pigmies. These happy relsn.-i between the little people nnd their neighbors will regjj the te4ctjf,tiie- " way in. which the iuiries and brownies used to be looked upon by onr ances tors. The Batua excel in the art of climbing palm trees to collect the sap. and in setting traps for game. Their agility is almost incredible. In hunting they bound through the high grass like grasshoppers, and face the elephant, antelope and buffalo with the greatest boldness, shooting their arrows with raw precision, and following up quickly with a stroke of the lance. Physically tho Batua are very well made, having absolutely no deformity. They aro simply little people, very brave and . very cunning. Their mean height is four feet and three inches. Their skin is a yellow brown, less dark than that of larger races. Their hair is short and woolly. They have no beard. Youth's Companion. a m The leading hog States in their order are Iowa, Missouri." Illinois, Texas, Indiana, Nebraska, Ohio and Kansas., Two years ago Illinois had 440.1A7 moro hogs than she had last January and Missouri 478,858 less, the two States losing upward of 1,000,QO in number, although fast increasing in population. Missouri was then tho third State. She has now increased in rank to the second, while Iowa has lost nearly 2,000,000 in number In the last two vears. St. Louit Republican. i If 7T) i.j- IS 1 -M, '4 V ' ' -a,-f- v.