THE DAILY CAPITAL JOURNAL, SALEM. OREGON. SATURDAY, AUGUST 9. 1919.
PAGE NINE
Newspaperman Has Assignment
To Visit AH Nations Of World
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Yaoeouveiy B. C.( Aug tf. (United
... . ... . . .
Frea)Chrles W. Wood, a New York
aevspapermaa, re m-b(!j tailed on the
" Empress of Busua." on one of the
OM reuiarK&ole amignmcati since Ja-
oa "t out to find ta fic'iU'u ieece.
"Visit every countrv or. earth and
find out what, the people r't. V Tan
comBuwioA was jpven . V'ood by the
centenary com in i tic of (lit Methodist
Episcopal church. It mar tke hi-20
J emu. U probably will.
Weed wm en ta Sunday editorial,
staff of the "?fe York World when
given his jailing order; Twelve years
ago, at 27, he was a locomotive fire
u and bes are ne-cspaper career
as cub- reporter on the S;neus Jour
nal, in 1!KX. His wart'me interviews
ia the. New York World teie later put
. together ia a - book ' Toe . Great
Change." -
Wood' first stop on hu trip will be
at Shanghai, China. From there he will
go up the Yng Te Kiau tiver to in
terior China. ULs niissac-n i not merely
to "write up the missions," but to
interpret the needs of eh eountry as
expressed by its leaders in every walk
of life. . .. .
"I donH inow where T'yi going but
I'm on my way," is literally true of
Wood. He has never betn in any for
eign eountry before end speaks no
language except English. Ho bus no
guide, no schedule nnd ni definite or
ders. He is accompanied only by his
wife, who is equally ui. acquainted
with foreign lands. Their immediate
destination, howovi-r, is Cheng-Tu in
western China, which is about as thor
oughly foreign a city as any white
folks ever visit. There, nther than in
the eities familiar to American tourists
Mr. and Mrs. Wood will begin to look
at the problems of earth, as far a it is
Ma.nhatta.ily possible, tfirough Jthor
oughly Oriental eyes.
"1 donH know anything about Chi-
said Wood, before suiting on his.tary and manager of the fair, has been!
unprecedented journey, "and I have making trips to every part of the eoun
been. doing my be not to learn any-jty during the past two months and re
thing about it uuttl I get iiiere. I have ports tnBt here is a keea intCTest being'
heard that it had 40U,(w,000 people, ghown e9pecittli in coramunity exhibits
and I have aken it for granted that whete rival nM Misted lh mt
they all run laundries. I suppose I was .... I
edited for the job fcetause they , w" f . - . . !
onWa't thin of anyone else who! Wl!' ha bMn, h7 fathering
woold have so litt'e to unlearn." iRram ni rasse and P"P&"g H'em
"Do you feel confident," he was fur exhibit and has already on display
asked, "that you ean actually get the at th bi Pvillion at the ft:ir grounds)
umneiie way or looking at things " n'ui woum envy hiubi ol me
across to American readout" I counties of the state
"I don't know,'' he raid. "I don't I Many handsome prize and cups will
Inovr whether there ii any Chiueseibe awarded to exhibitors this year,
way of looking at things. Maybe the j among them being a "beautiful design in
Chinese people are humu. Maybe they a silver cup offered by tLe Maso i-Elir-love
and hate and aspiro like other hu- jman company of Portluud for the best
man beings. Maybe they have human 1 exhibit of Italian prunes. This cup is
difference-and human iraditiona and now on di8lav , the ,in(low o the
human prejudices. It i- possible that DlllIa, Commcr'ciai cub 6nd it altl.act.
the live on the tame planet that Am- h ,t , attention,
erieans have been custoi'Mrily mhab-1 . .. .. ,,, .. ,
King nU 0,afc their problem, may!. Among the attractions this year dur-
tnrn out to be our problems too." I1"" the fair, W'U "os,bl1;. be an, "r
, "I nm most anxious to learn," hIPkBe Vuit. for. a laaUuig XwU-has
added, "what the epoplo of all these ' b,"11 prepnred adjoiiung the fay ground
countries want, and 1 d'iirt know of and with the number of planer ur the
any better way of finding out than j state nt that time the fair board ex
to ask them. Most Americans that I.peet little difficulty in securing a ma
have met seem to po on the assump-1 chino.
tion that we have certcin advantages
here which the people of the Orient
do not possess. If that is true, we have
wonderful pportnnitv to be of serv
ice to them. I am 'not a missionary. I
am not a churchman. But 1 happen to
agree with Jesus thit it is more blefs
ed to give than to -eceivt; and I may
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Ibo able to disor soma new wava ia
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which America can be bled.
"1 expect to talk with poUtieal and
government l-M-'ei-s, with leading I
spokwiara of industry, businexs and
education, with koor l"utis if I can
find them, and with the teachers of
other religious creeds.' I .ta about as
rank an outsider could have been
selected for such a job. bat the Meth
odists seem' perfectly willing to let me
find out everything 1 ean''- -
"Where do you go waca you leave
China t" he, was asked.
" "I "don't ttnow,' he titd. have
a 't any itinerary, and the world is in
such a state of flux just now that it
would seem foolish to try to construct
one. Eventually .we expect to visit cv
err country on earth; but 1 am not a
war correspondent, and with war still
raging in so many places there will be
many countries which it will not be
easy to visit for une. years to Come.
"I am trying ti arrive at a world
outlook, but 1 don't think 1 shall be
jfin by asking everybody what be
thinks of the world. Perhaps tbo world
is in some such situation a I am. Per
haps it is headed for somewhere and i
hasn't got its fu'l itineiary mapped!
out, .ir I sttek around awhile, how
ever, I may. be able - to detect some
signs of movement; "and." -vberever I do
find movement I intend to ask ques
tions." . . -
Annual Polk County Fair
loKeBigtvent This Year
(Capital Journal Special Service.)
Dallas, Or., Aug. 9. The aiimml Polk
county ftir which will be held in Dallas
on October 9th, 10th and 11 th of this
year promises to be the biggest and
best exhibition of Polk county proiiueU
ever shown here.- Josiah Wills, accre-;
Standard And Other Oil
Companies Are Attacked
Washington, Aug. 9. Charging that
the Standard Oil compiny and other
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' Miiton sins
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"Hearts and Flowers"
big oil companies have "rained the
prices of petroleum products until their
profits have become scandalous nnd a
national disgrace," J. W, Bryan of the
Pacific" Coast fuel Oil conmmeis, tor
dayln a letter to Attorney Uonerai Pal
mer urged that immediate aiili-trurt ac
tion bo taken against tliem.
"I urge that this' profiteering in pe
troleum, a 'commodity Involving directly
the high cost of living, be stopped by
immediato arrest and imprisonment un
der existing laws of the culprits re
sponsible for the situation," ho (viott.
Tcrgct II" Bay At Kcse
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7 PROVISIONS IN
ON WHICH BATTLE RA GES
Correspondent Makes Clear
What Washington Senate
Conflict Involves.
By In C. Martin.
(United I'ress Staff Oorro-pondcnt.
Wasliington, Aug. 9. Seven provis
ions of the peace treaty must stand the
brunt of the attack by senators whoUude toward nurelv American ones
demand reservations and aiiieiidinefits
as the price of their vote for ratifica
tion.
Chief among these provisions is Arti
cle Ten of the League of Nations cove
nant. The text of this clause follow:
"Article 10. The Members of
the league undertake to respert end
preserve as against external ag
gression the territorial integrity
and existing political independ
ence of all members of the league.
In case of any such aggression, or
in case of any threat or danger of
such aggression, the Council shall
advise upon the means by which
this obligation shall be fulfilled.
Those demanding elimination of rti
ele Ten ,or at least a reservation hy the
United States respecting it, d Hare
that the article obligates the t'nited
States, under 4bc advico of tli League
council, to join in wars even- v!r ro for
preservation of the existin; 1-oundar-ies
and stability of pre n gofern
ments. They declare it d the Uni
ted States to make war r' the order of
a body composed of eigh' foreigners and
one American, and that tliise nearly is
aa attempt to rob co ;.!ess of Its con
stitutional power of declaring and wag
ing war.
Those defending the article tnsm
that the obligation incurred is aot a
legal one, but merely one of honor, ttistl
the United Btstes need not accept and;
act on the advice of the council nnlemi
it feels that course is proper; that the
article, while obligating this govern
ment to respect the territory and inde
pendence of all other powera, also obli
gates each of them to respect thr Uni
ted States territorial integrity and poli
tical independence.
The next provision Is ' referrfng
to the Monroe Doctrine. It rends:
"Article 21. Nothing in this
Covenant shall be deemed to af
fect the validity of International
engagements, such as treaties of
arbitration or regional nnderstsnd
Inea like tha Monroe Doctrine, for
securing the maintenance of peace.",
This article does not protect the lloa
roe doctrine as sa American policy,
many senators declare, because it does
not pnuverl define the doctrine. Thev
j assert that the Monroe doctrine U not
, r(,s0Ea understanding" bat a dls -
"
11 Wy I 2:15
-- ' h' V" il 4:15
I
FRANCES TOBIZE
Celebrated Juvenile
Dancer and Violinist
tinctly American foreign policy. They
)'waut a roserviiition to the effect tliatiit
'notliing in the treaty shull bo constru
ed to imply a reliiKjiiiHliment by the
t'nited Mtutes of its trnditionul atti-
tions, or to reipiiie the submission of
its policy regarding what it deems to be
purely American questions to the decis
ion or recommendation of other powers.
Administration senators reply that
Artirlo 21 is in fact a recognition for
the first time by the great world pow
ers of the Monroe Doctrine, and that
tho League Covenant itself in effect ex
tends the principles of that doctrine to
the whole world.
The third provision against which ob
jection ia made is, that relating to do
mestic questions. In this ence, it Is an
alleged conflict of two provisions which
has caused the demand for amendment
or reservation
These two provisions follow:
"Article 11. Any War or threat
of war, immediately affecting i.ny
of the League, or not, is hereby de
clared to be a matter of concern to
the whole League, and the League
shall take such action that may be
deemed wise and effectual to safe
guard the ibe of Nations. It is al
so declared to be the friendly right
of each member of the League to
brin? to tho attention of the As
sembly or the Council any cirtum
stance whatever affecting interna
tional relations which, threatens to
disturb international peace or good
understanding between ?tions on
which peace depends."
"Article 15. (paragraph eight)
1 "he dispute between the parties is
flnimi! ore of them and is
found by ti e i-vineil to arise out of
a matter which by International
law ia solely within the domestic
jurisdiction of thnt party, the Coun
cil shall so report, and rhall miike
no recommendations as to its set
tlement." Those demanding a reservation mak
ing plain the refusal of tiie United
fttstc to admit that the League has
jurisdiction over domestic qncntinns
immigration,-the tariff and regulation ;
of coastwise trading, declare that Ai-ticle.ee of the council
n authorizes the League to take j.iris-
! diction. Thev poii.t to tho lr,ntU8
"a ly war or threat of war," and "any
circumstance whatever affecting iawi
national relations," in profif of ,hcir
contention. Thev insist that the quot-
lea paragTapa or Article u nwi not
'prevent the League taking jurisdiction
I . ..... . . .'.
T7 i PATilE .
H I NEWS
I
TREA TY
' j
1 ! i iii-b like purposes,"
if war is threatened bv a dispute overt T1,6 f itkkm t,hviil,i hl-'t tli
n .piestion which lies" purely Within!ft"'1 that wlule it tliseusws (lis
the domestic jurisdiction of ono party, ri"f"",,it' H doc? ,lot leaU'S l""vi,,B
but to tho handling of which under such f"r ,t- The t that the council . fo...
jurisdiction, the other party Priouriy CtiolvJ Mer.ily that of drawing up hi,
objects. The immigration question lill'tln I'll". l"h "
cited as an exami.le. While reeouniwd
hv im. Itrnnti,,i l. . ..i""K;ue eritica to be a fatal d
nurelv domestic, immiirration U held hv."' i'Ula l,'K,i effectively
others to have an International aspect.
league supporters, however, insist
tnht the definite provision of Article
15 absolutely shuts out of considera
tion any domestic aiientiun, and leaves
for aettlemrnt between the two nn-
tions,
The fourth provision upon which a
reservation is demanded is that cover
ing withdrawal from the League. Its
text follows:
"Article 1 (paragraph 3): Any
member of the League may, after
two years notice of its intention to
do so, withdraw from the League,
provided that nil its international
obligations and all its obligations
under this covenant shall have
been fulfilled at the time of its
withdrawal'
The criticism here is that the provis
ion allaws the League that Is, foreign
nations to decide In the case 0f tho
United States, whether this government
I has fulfilled its obligations. The de
mand is that tho right of the United
Htiites to be the Judge of Its own obli
gations and the fulfillment of them be
recognized. ,
The reply made to this criticism is;
that the provision applies not only to
the United States, but to every nation
in the League, and that what is fair fot
ene is fair far all.
I)iarmnmont, as provided for In Artt
cin o or me i.ovcnjtnt is another see
jtion causing dissatisfaction, ann a
jmaiid for a reservation. This provision
reads:
"Article 8. The members of the
League recognir-e that the mainten
ance of peace requires the redue
tion of national armaments to the
lowest point consistent with nation
al safety and the enforcement by
common action of international ob
ligations.
The council taklns account of tl
geographieal situation and circrnn.1"! t a provision of the treaty pioper,
. . t .-.k ....... .v 1 1 ... I-.. 1 -
9li.ii. i s vi rat, a puaii t,i Minim j
pluns for such reduction for the eensid-
eration and action of the several gov
ernments. "Huch plans shall be subject to re
connideration nnd revisinon at least
every ten years.
"After these plan shall have bee
adopted by the several governmenls.ths
limits of armaments therein fixed shall
not be exceeded without the concurren-
The members of the' League agree
that the manufacture hy private enter
prise of munitions and implements ef
war Is open to grave objections. The
council shall advise how the evil effects
attendant noon, such manufacture canity fc&OA, lil
be prevented, due regard bung tiaet toio, uw cjv. ajso b
the necessities of those member of tie Unit-Morn Oat Eiiflaea.
... ... ... I
STMTS
il...lAl"lU it
tviliiAulUa
league which are not able to manufac
ture the munitions and implements vl
war necessary for their safety. ' .
"The members of the leugue under
take to interchange, full and frank in--formation
as to the scale of then ai
liniment1!, their military-.nnvf.r ftud'tilr
i programs and the "eotwmoif of mitu of
j their industries as are adaptable to w.ir
i" " " "m"""' '" '7
lenyuo critics to be a fatal defect-- i
to lis-
ai in nations.
Another criticism is that if the "Un
ited Mutes accept a this article, ii will
biud itself to accept the vnleis ot 'n
council, made up of of on Aiiuriliia
and eiht foreigners, as to the sue vt
the American army and navy.
Hut the league's supporters cunt' ml
that Article 8 goes as far toward., dis
nnmiment at the ler.gue could go, Mit
Hint nations entering the league ia
good faith will make the article effect
ive by agreeing to the council 's sug
gestions, unless they clearly run counter
to national safety. And t.ie article dues
not invade Amerieun -soverignty, they
claim, because it leaves to tins govern
ment tho option of accepting or rtject
injf the council's suggestions.
The sixth exception is taken to A i ti
de 19, which provides:
"Article 19. The assembly may
from time to time advise the ren.n.
sillcratlon by members of tli
league of treaties which have lie
come inapplicable, and the coiimiI
erution of international rnnditiunq
whose continuance mirht cHdmi),er
the pence of the world."
This, critics of the league contend,
ojwns the door to constant attemri
by Am-igii nations to upset the .Vlmroa
doctrine and to Interfere with Amcit
can affairs. They point out that the
league, under this articlo, would lime
power to declare that relations bet wee
the United Htntei and Mexico threr till
ed the world's peace, and could order
cither the United Htates or mime Euro
pean power to step in and change con
ditions. This contention is dubbed an absurd
ity by the leagiie'a supporters, whg ia
aist the only effect of I lie article is to
provide a mean for readjustment
which may become necessary as condi
tions change.
The seventh and final objection, and,
Article X, the strongest, is .evel-
(Continued on page ten)
PluiriMnr and Watr
es. nt...-. r-A it &
t f.r r. r-
mas l liwm nil,..?...'"' 'T'w