THE DAILY CAPITAL JOURNAL, SALEM. OREGON. WEDNESDAY, MAY 7. 1919.
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PAGE SIX
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That delicious bread, which toasts so beautifully, butters without crumb
ling, cuts so nicely, keeps so fresh and moist and tastes so good? If you
don't use it ask your neighbor who does. She knows there is a world of good
ness in every slice of Holsum Bread That's why she has stopped baking and
insists upon Holsum for her family.
IT IS MADE IN SALEM. : '
Cherry
City Baking Co.
-1
i
-
ENEMY STRIPPED
'"kin, formerly (ifi-iiiaii emperor, not
far :.u offense ngaiiist criminal law, but
1'iit lor a supreme offense against inter-
nrlKiiial morality and the sanctity oft
marines either military or commercial, treaties." The ex emperor 's Biirrcnde
with a personnel of fifteen thousand ' ' '"' rciticstcd of Holland and a spe
men. including officers d nr. resrve V'"1 tribunt.1 't up, composed of one
, . , , . ,, . J'mgc trom each of the five great now-
furi'A nf nnv hi-rui.!., I una ,IUn ....... " '
any ini'.racicr. i (inscription U;, f,,n .,.. .;. , ,
is tilioliMicil. All ticrmnn vessels of war defense. It is to be L'liided 'bv the
(Contiiiurd from page tkree)
eiiiallv fc lapnn.
Hei tiuu six. In order to render posit
hie the initiation of a general limita
tion of I lie armament of all nations.
i,. i 1,., I ., I,,,- I i. ........
the military, naval and nir rlniuea 111 '"'e'gu ports and me v.i..i. uigh Highest motives of inrernationai policy
which follow. The demobilization of flll't '"'c-rued ' Neapa Flow will Willi a view of vindicating the solemn
the ticrmnn army must takn place with- '"' "'"'"'"'l. the final disposition of oblinutioim of international undurtuk
in two moiithi of the peaco. Its strength'"".' slli,,H ,0 1,' '1(l,,(l "I1"" by te ing and the validity of international
nuiv not exceed one hundred thousand, i assoeiatiMl powers, Germany morality," anil will fx the punishment
inclmliiiK 4t)K officers, with not over!1"""' """ender modern cvstroyers, it fcls should be imposed. Persons a
wven divisions of infantry and three of 50 n""leru topedo boats and all sub- fused of having couniiitted Rctsof viola
eavnUy, and to be devoted exclusively j Marines. All war vessels under con- tiou of laws and customs of war ure to
to maintenance, of interim! order and I trn-titH must be broken up. Kepmr be tried and punched by military tri
roiitrol of frontiers. Divisions mr.y nnt!n","', ,)f ships, except those lost, can Initials under military law.
Ii grouped under inoro than two ariny"Ke P",' only at the end of twenty neparauous.
years tor unmesiup ami rutecu years necuon seven. Keparntion. Allied
for destroyers. The largest armored "nil associated government sirimn and
shii (iennany will bo iiermitted will bo Germany accepts oit behalf of herself
ten thousand tons. All Oermiiii fortifv ;and her allies, the responsibility for
nips ieaditia iters stuffs. The grout
tieriiinn general staff is abolished,
Munitions Plants Closed.
Armaments. All establishments for
the manufacturing, preparation, storage,
ii r design of arms and munitions of war,
except those specifically excepted, uiuat
be closed within three months ui tTie
IM'ace and their personnel dismissed.
Conscription is abolished ill Germany.
The enlisted personnel must be main
tained by voluntary enlistments for
terms of 12 consecutive years.
No military schools except those abso
lutely indispensable for the units Al
lowed shall exist in Germany two
months after the pence.
Works, fortresses, and field works situ
ated in German territory within a rone
cations in the Haltie defending the pas
sages through the Holts must be de
molished. Germany will be allowed to repair
Gorman submarine cables which have
been cut. Fourteen cables are specifi
ed which wil not be restored to tier
ninny,
Armnnent Restricted.
The trmed forces nf Germany must
not include any military or nnvnl air
forces except for not oe mie hundred
' lis : -V ' ; 7 wv ' ':wim
Over four million' bicycles, are in daily
use in the United States. Nearly a
million more will come into use this
year.
This is National Bicycle -May 3 to
10. This is the week to buy a bicycle
to get the greatest good from it this
Spring.
cnusiiiK nil the loss and damne to
which the allied and associated jiovern
ments and their nationals have been
subjected as a consocncnce 01 mo war.; in 1!M4. (1
the total utilisation of Germany to puy,
as defined in the cnte(;ory of damages,
is to be termed and Germany notified
after a fair henrinjr and not later thnn
May I, 11(21, by an interallied repara
tion commission. At the same time a
schedule of payments to discharge the
ililtHntiiMi within thirty years shall be
These payment miuicct
RIDE A BICYCLE
ASK YOUR DEALER FOR PARTICULARS
ARTHUR H. MOORE, LLOYD E. RAMSDEN, HARRY W. SCOTT, WATT SHIPP CO., HAUSER BROS.
( ... ... iiiiauy must give most lav-1 private enemy properly serzeu or clam
ored nation treatment to the allied and ; "ned by her, the amount of damages
associated powers. Germany under-! to be fixed bv the mixed nibltmtion
takes to mve the trade of the nlli...l I fi. -m':i .. :, ......
T ' - ....nil',, .in; 111, 1 null linSIII'Ifl I I'll HIIIIHN
All fortified i uuarnied seapluiies to lie retained till presented.
Wetoiier 1 to senrcti ror siiiiiunriue to postponement in certain contingen
iiiines. No diriirible shall be kept. .No cies. Germany irrevocably recognizes
aviation grounds or illitKlTile sheds are tno full authority of this oommisifiun
ami associated Kovernineiits adequate
safeKuards against unfair competition
Muat Fay Damages
Gernianv shall restore or pay for nil
may liquidate German private property
within theiir territories as eompensa
tion for property of their nationals not
restored or paid for by Germany.
Section nine. The allied and associ-' Rud associated powers shall have full
ated powers agree that the properties liberty of passage and landing over
of religious mission's and territories be- and in German territory,
longing or ceiled to them shall eontin-1 Section eleven. Germany roust grant
un in their work under tue control of Ireeilom or transit through Bet terri-
thc powers, Germany renouncing . nil tones by mini or water to persons,
c ii ma 1 ' "r-i "ra
-Section ten. Aircraft of the allied
fifty kilometers enst of the llhine will
be dismantled within three months. The be allowed within one hundred and
coutl ruction of nnv new fortification "ftv kilometers of the llhine or the
there is forbiilde. The fortified works
on the southern aid eastern frontiers,
however, may remain.
Two Mouths to Demobilise.
The GcrniHii navy must be demobl
li.ed within a peril., of two months aft
er the peace, rdie will bo allowed six
siiihII battleships,
dest rovers, 12 torped
six light cruisers, I-1
icito boats and no sub-
eastern or southern frontiers. The uinii
iifacture nf aircraft nnd parts of air
craft is forbidden for six months.
The repatriation of German prisoners
and interned civilians is to be carried
out without delay and at Germany's ex
pense by a commission composed of rep
resentatives of the allies and Gurmany.
"Tlio allied nnd associated powers
"blii'ly nrrnivu William II of llnher
Boys and Girls, Don't Forget the
ITT)
e
oicvc
Kaces
Given by Salem Bicycle Dealers
SATURDAY, MAY 10.. 1919-10:00 A. M.
Starting at the Corner of Church and State Streets
!2 prizes will he given including Gold Watches, Tires,
I Saddles, Pedals, Lamps and other articles for your
1 Bicycle.
1st RACEBoys' Free For AH 2 Miles.
2nd RACE- Girl's Free for All 1-4 Mile
3rd RACE Boys' under 12 years 1-2 Mile
4th RACE Boys' under 1G years 1 Mile
Ask your dealer for particulars
Arthur H. Moore, Harry V. Scott, Watt Shipp Co.
Hauser Bros., Lloyd E. Ramsden
As au immediate step towards restora
lion, lierinnny shall pay within two
years twenty billion marks in either
gold, goods, ships or other apicific forms
of payment. Hho undertakes to mnko
compensation for all damages caused ci
vilians, in periodically estimating Ger
many's capacity to pay, the reparation
commission shall exauiiuo he German
system of taxation, first to the end that
the sums for reparation which Oerm&ny
is required to pay shall become a charge
upon all her revenues. The measures
which the allied and associated powers
slinl have the riyht to take, in ease of
voluntary default by Germany and
which Germany agrees not to regard no
acts of war, may include economic and
j financial prohibit ions and reprisals. Tho
commission shall consist of one repre
sentative each of the United States,
j Great Uritniti, France, Italy and Pel
gium. j Bonds Issues Required.
The commission may require Germany
to give from time to time, by way of
I giinisnty, issuer of bonds or olher obli
gations to cover i iu h claims as ate not
otherwise satisfied, lliinn isues are to
be required of Germany in ncknowl
j eilgenient of Its debt os follows: twenty
I billion murks gold, without interest,
I payable not later than May 1, J!)L'l;
I forty billion marks gold, bcniing two
and one-half per cent interest, hotwoes
- I !-1 end lH'.'il and thereafter five per
cent, with a one per cent sinking fund,
npn ient beginning in li)L'(l ad an under
taking to deliver forty billion marks
gold br oils bearing interest at five pet
cent. VHder terms to be fixed by the
icomm'slon. 's(jl
i The German government recognizes
the right of the allies to the replace
ment, ton for ton and class for class,
'of all merchant ships and fishing bouts
, lost or damaged owniir to the war.
! As an additional part of reparation, the
Herman government further agrees to
build merchant ships for the account of
j the allies to the amount of not ex
iceciling (wo hundred thousand tons
gross annually during the next five
year veais.
I Restoration Work
; Germany undertakes to devote her
' economie resources directly to the phvs
I ical restoration of the invaded areas.
: The reparation commission is author
ized to require Germany to replace the
j destroyed articles by the delivery of
animals, machinery, etc., existina in
Germany, and to manufacture mater
inls required for reconstruction purpos
es. 1 Towers to which German territory is
ceded will assume a certain portion of
the German pre-war debt, the' amount
t be fixed liy the repatriations com-
, mission.
Germany is required to pny the to
tal cost of the armies of occupation
from the date of the armistice as long
jss they are maintained in German lor
ritory. (iermany is to deliver to the
allied and associated powers all sums
deposited in Germany by Turkey and
Austria' Hungary nil conncctum ' with
;the financial support extendi d by her
to them during the war.
Section eight. For a period nf sit
imths Germany shall Impose no tariff
i (tut 10s higher ttian the lowet in force
How the Bicycle Frame Developed
Many Expermental Stages Before the Sim
ple Diamond Frame Design Was
Finally Evolved
and the old hinged head ftave way
to the long ball-bearing socket head
as now used. Up to 1890 the near
est approach to the modern diamond
frame was that made by Hamber &
By W. T. FARWELL, Jr.
As the simple and efficient diamond
frame bicycle has remained practi
cally unchanged in general appear
ance and design for twenty years, it
is probable that the younger riders
of this generation look upon the
machine as having been evolved di
rectly in its present form. But this
simplicity and efficiency was not
achieved in a day. It was the out
come of over ten years of experi
ment and practical experieuce.
The old "Ordinary," with its large
front driving wheel, straight front
forks and curved backbone, was a
model of simplicity of construction,
but with (lie introduction of the low
chain-driven Safety, with its conse
quent greater complexity of frame,
there was much more scope for vari
ation of design. Accordingly, the
leading makers began the develon-
nient of the new type, but as each
maker (tittered as to the proper form
of frame and size of wheels to adopt.
the greatest possible variety of mi-
cntnes was brought out, many pt
tnetn utterly wanting in scientific de
sign.
-Although Tames K. Starlev cre
ated the lirst successful rear-driving
Safety in 1884, due credit should be
given to H. J, Lawson, a prolific In
ventor in the early days of the Brit
ijh bicycle trade, who In 1879 built
a machine very similar to Sfarley's
first Rover, but he was before his
time and was laughed at by. the rest
of the trade.
However, the success of the Rover
started the safety first movement
In earnest, and In 1885 the Humber,
Antelope, Pioneer and several other
safeties made their appearance.
These machines differed from the
Rover in frame design and in having
very small front wheels, givingpe
cultar and awkward steering. Jhe
Rover frame of 1885 showed the be
ginning of the diamond frame idea;
tbls was known as the open or un
brared frame.
The prevailing model of 1887 con
sisted of a simple crossframe as il-
: lustrated. Small stay rods various-
ry placed were in general use on this
type of frame. A later variation
was the semi-diamond, a combitia
, tion of the cross and diamond frame
as shown in the Rover of 1883.
! American makers did not take up
; Ihe development of the Safety until
; im, wnen the Victor with its
, famous spring fork was produced.
' This machine was of the rro-
i frame variety, but was very soon re-
pucea Dy the curved tube, open
diamond type. All early makers, it
seems, were verv partial t ninn
O The diamond frame now bee. lo
assume definite form. At first nearly
a irue aiamona in snape, the upper
ina luwcr luoes came nearly to-
gather at the head, and there wis no
1; si
. ai
fl w ft
i v a n U2T ' ii m "fl ii r--m
V Ns -V- JJ
Early Stages of the Evol.
V ution of tha Diunond
. Frama
cross tule from crank fcanger
sauuie. tiut tins was soon im
proved in two particulars: a cross
tube generally curved to follow the
lint of the rear wheel was added.
to i Although there was so much vari.
ation in t'rame design, all makers
agreed in having the wheel-base as
short as po'sible. Cranks were
shorter than at present, averaging 6
Inches IrJ length, and gears much ;
lower, ranging from 54 to 60 inches.
The wheels were mostly 30 Inches in
diameter, with U or H Inch solid J
mo, hiuic ma wcigui rangc.u iroin
40 to 60 pounds, though racing ma
chines were scaled down to 25 or
even 18 pounds. q
The riders of tha Safety soon
found that there was considerable
vibration present in rldlnp over even
fairly good roads. On the old IiIrIi
Ordinary this vibration was not so
noticeable, as the larrje wheel not
only rolled more easily over the in
equalities in the road but the nature
of its construction gave It a certain
amount of spring, which absorbed
much of the rr.ad shock before it
readier! the rider. Put when he de
scended to the low S;i(ety be found
that vibraticn became uttromfurtably
noticeable This led to the intro
duction of numerous varieties nf
spritiR fram-s, spring forks and even
spring wheels.
After 1P00. when the pr.r-itmatie
tire rame into universal usr, a gen
eral readjustment of frame design
took place. Lighter tubinz and bet.
ter methods of connecting the vari
ous frame parts together came in.
The crank hanger became an inte
gral part of the frame; heretofore it
hail been a separate part which
was bolted on to the fr?nie so as to
swing or slide forward
order to adjust the chain The
Humber machine en rmV,nki,. it,
first to come out with the long wheel
base, straight tube diamond frame
as we Know it to-day. A
A backward glance through the
?on-frllsinB V'' (i u'ir Papers of
1892 shows that there was still a
wide diversity in frame design,
though all were nf the diamond type.
ii i Ct n,ury C,umbia had two par
allel top tubes running from the rear
axle with a bend at the seat post
to the head; the rest of the fram
was the rrsulae ihnrt m,t,-i.h..l
diamord. The Vii-fm- .. ... .'
double diamond composed of small
tubes with the exception of the top
tube which was single, or larger di
ameter. The front sprocket was in
side of the double frame with out
side bearings, which was the best
feature of this machine. It also re-
Din', ,hf Virtor Trins fork. The
Rambler had a compact diamond
,pLrinf frme wi,h mal1 fron
wheel. These were the leading
American machines of that period. .
From 1893 onward the makers
settled wn to the Humber type
diamond frame, which was very sim-i
ilar to the modern design except
that the top tube sloped upward to
a long head. American makers soon
altered this detail and by 1895 th'
diamond frame may be said to hsv
reached its final form. B
middle 90s the machine becama
greatly improved and refined In
every detail. The frame was made
lighter, yet stronger, the strains and
stresses to which it was subjected
were determined by tests conducted
by engineers and scientists many
ot the big makers maintained labora
tories for testing and Improving
every part of the bicycle and ita
faults accordingly corrected.