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FORTIETH YEAR NO. 231
SALEM, OREGON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1917
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GERMANY'S 1 POWER
IS S
LY
Has Total of 6,1(T0 Soldiers and 700.000 In Classes of
1919 and 19 Be Called-Grand Total 6,800,000
Has Lost 4,06 0Has Every Available Man Fit for
Service In the Ra VCan Raise No More Onlv as Boy:
Reach Age of 18A Would Give 700,000, in 2 Years
'. 3f 9k3 . C if
Germany's Present Man Power
Soldiers at the front or in cantonments.' . .5,500,000
Soldiers at depots, constituting reserve. . . 600,000
Classes of 1919-1920, still unincorporated 700,000
Total
How Germany Has Lost Man Power.
Losses in the army through casualties. . . .4,000,000
Wounded under treatment but not yet
capable of service 300,000
German reservists in foreign countries
(50,000 in the United States alone) .... 200,000
Germans psysically incapable of army
service 2,100,000
Employed indispensable industries 500,000
-
Total ;.............,.... 7,100,000
4e lie sfc 4e 4e te 4e -i"
f. J 1 I 7 -1
LIBERTY LOAN OF
$3,000,090,000 IS
NEXT BIO DRIVE
Its Failure, Says Secretary,
Would Be Greater Disaster
Than Loss of Battle
CAMPAIGN FOR SALE OF
BONDS ON OCTOBER 27
Must Show to Germany Amer
ica Backs War With All
Her Resources
Atlantic City, N. J., Sept. 23. Open
ing the campaign for the second liber
ty loan of $3,000,000,000 Secretary Mc
Adoo today tidied upon the bankers of
America to fiing back the Gcrmu;i
hordes on the battlefields of finance.
The failurj of a single issue of gov
ernment bonds, McAdoo told the Amer
ican Bankers association, would be
worse for America than a disaster upon
the field of battle.
America's forthcoming bond issue, he
Baro", is pitted against a corrcsponding
j iin in Germany. Quoting a Berlin man
ii'esto, which boasted of a successful
Mibscription campaign in the Teuton em
jire, McAdoo declared:
"Let us meet the challenge by a sub
ecription to our second liberty 'loan on
Hie twenty-seventh day of October, nine
days after thn close of the German loan
. vhieh will n ake clear to the German
military despotism that America mar
shals not alone her brave soldiers upon
the field, her invincible navy on the
high seas, her industries throughout the
length and breadth or the land, but as
well, her financial resources, and that
she is determined to use them all with
out stint and regardless of sacrifio to
vindicate American rights, outraged too
frequently by German infamies.
An Answer to Germany.
"Let us answer this ehallengo by
cu.king clear to the world that the
American people with transeendant
love of justice and of country, stand
solidly behind their great president and
tvpport unequivocally the purposes of
this war."
Before June 30, 1918, the United
States will have to raise by additional
bond issues between thirteen and four
teen billions of dollars, McAdoo sai l.
Approximately five billions of this will
go as loans to our allies.
"To raise thirteen to fourteen bil
lions of dollars on or before the thir
tieth of June, 1018, by the sale of bonds
in recurring installments seems to som
jeople an impossible task.
"It is a atupedous undertaking, but
(Continued on Page Two.) ,
WEAKENING
. 6,800,000
b 4g tj 4g & b 4? d. t J
-7- J I" "T . T jji rj 'T' -r T
(By Henry Wood)
(United Press Staff Correspondent)
Willi the French Armies in the Field,
Sept. 28. Germany today! has 6,800,000
men as the human '.' material'! with
which to enforce her demand ".for " "a
plaoe in the sun."
This is the man power that remains
out of a total of 14,000,000 -men who
have figured on the German military
lists and passed through tho hands of
Germany's military arbiters.
Of the. 6,800,000, approximately 5,500,-
000 are actually at the front and UUU,
000 more are in reserve. The remaining
700,000 constitute one of the greatest
tragedies of the war. They are the boy
solJiers of the classes of 1919 and 1920.
They constitute the only resource of
"human material" upon which Uor
many has to draw.
They must fill up losses in the Ger
man armv which, with no major allied
offensive in progress, normally total
from 70,000 to 80,000 monthly.
Boys Must Be 18.
To date, however, the German- gener
al staff has not yet succeeded in im
posing on the German people its right
to seize these youths before they are 18.
Therefore, this last drop of potential
German manhood cannot pass into the
army except in piecemeal lots, as the
boys attain the age of 18.
The figures cited herewith are based
upon the highest and most accurate
sources of information. From this same
source it is possible for the United Press
today to detail this history or. ier
many's mobilization efforts.
Before the war the German army con
tained 51 divisions of 870,000 men. Mob
ilization at the declaration of war of
all who had previous military training
brouirlit the total to 4,500,000.
But these were insufficient. The
Ersatz reserve, 800,000 strong, wns mob
ilized of men whose physical condition
was a trifle under normal army stand
ard. Then the class of 1914 was called
out 430,000 men who became 20 years
old in that year.
Has Combed Close.
In 1915 call for the first of the land
strum yielded 1,100,000 men, and the
1915 class another 450,000; a special call
in September for the remainder of the
landstrum, 130,000, and an advance call
for the 1916 class, 450,000. Still more
men were wanted; therefore, Germany
cmbed out 500,000 more by stringent
examination of those previously ex
empted. In 1910 the 1917 class was called out
earlv 150,000 boys, 18 and 19 years
old. Another combing process added
300,000 more and, finally in November,
the 191S class was called out another
450,000.
In 1917 the demand for human mater
ial was still more pressing. Another
squeezing process found 150,000 more
men, draining the empire of every man
who by any stretch of medical inspec
tion could be regarded as fit for mili
tary serviee. There remained no other
resource Except the boys, taken as soon
as they beeame 18.
Not "before 1918 can the German staff
begin incorporating the 1921 class and
then only as fast as they become 18.
At least '500.000 fit men are needed fot
indispensable industrial and civil ser
vice behind the lines. The utterly unfit
total 2,800,000
' ' We 've just about made up our
mind," gays fie editor of the Gresham
Outlook, "that if Hoover doesn't fix
the minimum on butter prices we are
going to organize a society of grvy
soppers."
PORTLAND-ELK
DAY PUT RECORDS
AMONG HAS BEENS
45,000 Passed the Turn Styles
and Over Flowed the
Big Grounds
PENDLETON SLIPS IN
MAKING DAY OF ITS OWN
20,000 Is Estimated for To
day s Attendance A
Fifth Day Record
rhe record is broken "busted" goto
to smash, not only for this year, but all
years in the history of the Oregon State
Fair.
45,000 people were entertained Thurs
day, Portland Day.
loday estimates of 20.000 is not to
be ignored, however, nor today's pro
gram to be forgotten.
the Pendleton folks were not honor
ed by having a day set apart for them,
but have transformed this the fifth day
of the fair into Pendleton day.
Headed by Judge Stephen A. Lowell,
the delegatioi arrived several "coaches
strong" early this morning; and cow
boy hats and bright sashes can be seen
everywhere on the grounds.
ihe address by Judge Lowell was ap
preciated by the large audience who
listened.
Other events of inrerest today aside
from the musical program of Campbell 'a
American band, the Veterans' Fife and
Drum Corps and others, was the sing
ing of Miss Miller of Salem, and the
dancing of Mrs. Kalph White's famous
dancing girls in the grand stand.
ihe sensational high dive and balloon
ascension are still continuing to attract
attention.
In the new auditorium the Good
Boads Convention was addressed by
Highway Commissioners Benson and
Adams and ethers. Music was furnish
ed by Campbell's American Band and
vocal solo rendered by Miss Lena
Belle Tartar of Salem.
At 7:30 this evening, a descriptive
fantasia, "Scenes of the Revolution",
will be presented by Campbell's Amer
ican band.
Mrs. Anna Sogers Fish, principal of
the Fish School of Expression of Salem,
(Continued on page 4x)
J'ACCUSEI
AGREEMENT HAS
BY BOILERMAKERS
They Refusing to Accept
Agreement Employers
Kept Plants Closed
THOUSANDS READY TO
WORK DISAPPOINTED
Portland Claims Only Federal
Mediation Can Bring
to End
San Francisco, Sept. 28. Not a wheel
turned today in any of the big ship
building plants around San . Francisco
bay, although this was the day set for
resumption of work under a temporary
agreement reached by employers and
the Iron Trades Council in an effort to
end the 'strike which has paralyzed ship
bunding ror ten days.
Following announcement by the
boilermakers union that its members
would refuse to accept the temporary
agreement, the employers kept their
(Continued on page seven.)
IDC MIDTIU
nttii iii ii n i in
Wo rue
Another funny thing about th' war
is that th' higher th' grass grows th'
higher butter goes. Next t' a bubble
ther haint nothin' that loses its pep
like a pair o' white cotton stockin'g. .
BEEN POSTPONED
fa r - a f
GERMANS SUFFER
TERRIFIC LOSSES
LAST TWO FIGHTS
Slaughter Most Dreadful Since
the First Battle of
the Ypres
IS CONTINUOUS BATTLE
SINCE FIRST OF AUGUST
Germans Employed 75 Per
Cent More Than Allies
Russian Destroyer Sunk
London, Sept. 28. No slaughter of
the Germans since the first buttle of
Ypres has been comparable to the ter
rific losses inflicted on the enemy in
the last two battles around Zonnebeko,
General F. B. Maurice,. director of op
erations, asserted to the United Press
today.
"Since the end of July thcro has
been practically one continuous battle
for possession of Zonnebeke ridge,
which is the key to the whole system
of Flanders ridges. The Germans are
fighting their hardest.
"In our last two fights we gained
all objectives with small losses. The
enemy counter attacked dozens of
times, but were annihilated.
"The Germans employed 75 per cent
more divisions than we did."
Counter Attacks Desperate
London, Hept. 28. German counter
attacks continued with bitter despera
tion last night, Field Marshal Haig re
ported today. All were unsuccessful in
a storm of artillery, rifle and machine
gun fire directed at them by British
defenders or the positions won in the
latest Ypres drive.
"At Zonnebeke yesterday evening
another hostile counter attack wis
broken up by our artillery, rifle and
machine gun fire," Haig said. "South
or Tower hamlets and south of Poly
gon wood, isolated strong points, where
the enemy was holding close to our
new positions, were cleared up.
"Ooutnwest or t nerisy wo earrico
out a successful raid at night. Several
Germans were killed or captured with
out loss to us.
"South of Lens the enemy artillery
(Continued on Pag Two.)
IE TO f HIS JUDGES
They Will Also Probably BeKis Executioners, As the
Soviets Who Are To Try Him Have Bitter Hatred Against
Him-He May Have Made Mistakes But the World Does
Not Doubt His Patriotism-That Is What Has Brought
Him Into Disrepute with Pacifists
(By William G. Shepherd)
(United Press Staff Correspondent)
Stockholm, Sept. 28. The courtmar
tial of General Korniloff will probably
result in a tragedy.
Korniloff is to be judged by those
whoso schema of making the army sub
ject to civilian control stung him to
revolt.
Men under domination of tho Soviet,
or all-Kussian council of workmen and
soldiers, will constitute the courtmar
tial to try the former commander-in-chief.
It was the Soviet influence which
Korniloff, the soldier, the fighter, the
man unskilled in politics, feared was
crumbling Russia 's army away, The So
viet hates Korniloff.
One of the main reasons why General
Korniloff attempted the overthrow of
Premier Kerensky was the provisional
government's appointment at dictation
of the Soviet of thirty " conimissaires "
who went. to the front representing the
government and who possessed more au
thority than tho generals of the army
themselves. The "comuiissaires" were
all civilians and frequently they, were
all politicians. '
The cominissaires protected the sol
diers against their superior army com
manders, Russian officers invariably
called them " Kerensky 's spies." Army
commanders were compelled to submit
their military plans to the judgment of
the conimissaires.
With one army, the conimissaire was
Kerensky 's nephew a youth in his
twenties. He had the final word over
all troops there. He lived like a lord.
Limousines, were at his .-disposal. Ho
iclt his power and he exercised it. More
over, he ahveys protected the soldiers
against their officers. '
Korniloff saw this system's work
ings. Stern discipliuaunn that he was,
he deeided.it was impossible to lead
any army so formed and controlled. He
held it tho most grotesque system in
history. It was unthinkable, in Korni
loff 's view, that an army so weakened
in discipline and so controlled by civil
ians who knew nothing of strategy
could ever protect Russia in her new
fouiub freedom.
Therefore, Korniloff revolted. It was
his idea of patriotism to his country,
to save the nation from such an army 's
disintegration. .
I was in Petrograd during these de
velopments and can attest the untruth
o the statement that allied citizens
there were against Korniloff. On the
contrary, he represented to them a new
hope of a re-invigoratefl Bussia. They
rejoiced as bulletins told of Korniloff 's
army's approach toward the city.
Not even the possibility of a bloody
battle in-tho streets deterred tho in
dividual, that a new Russian army
might be born.
Foreigners in Petrograd all knew
Korniloff fould not restore the Roman
offs. They did believe he might furnish
an iron hand for Russia develop into
a man of the hour, like leaders which
have developed in other countries, who
could dominate.
If one desires glowing optimism of
Russia's situation, he can obtain it in
Stockholm. It is evident there is a con
certed German propaganda drive to dis
arm the allies nr particularly America
into belief that everything is rosy in
Russia. . .
Representatives of Lithuania appeal
ed to American Minister Morris here
(Continued on Pane Two.
TOMORROW'S
OREGON STATE FAIR
PATRIOTIC, MANTJF ACTUS
ERS' AND GRANGE DAY, AND
CONCESSIONERS' NIGHT.
Forenoon 10:30 a. m. Patriotic ad
dreses by nen. Geo. Baker, mayor of
Portland; music by Portland's famous
police band; vocal solos by Miss Ada
Miller, of Salem, and Mrs. D. A. Olson,
of Silverton, in the Oak Grove Band
stand; if inclement weather iu the new
auditorium.
Afternoon 1 p. m. Sensational high
dive in front of the grand stand.
1:30 p. m. Speed program; music be
tween events by Portland's famous po
lice band; vocal solos by Mrs. D. A.
Olson, of Silverton, and Miss Ada Mil
ler, of Salem.
2:30 p. m. Concert by Portland's fa
mous Police Band, and vocal solo by
rs. D. A. Olson, of Silverton, in now
auditorium.
3:30 p. m. Balloon ascension with
thrilling; triple parachute drop.
4 p. m. Spectacular and daring high
dive.
Evening. 7:30 p. m. Concessioners'
night.
But Little Activity
and Much Less Interest
New York, Sept. 28, The New Yo'k
Evening' Sun financial review today
said:
There was little activity and less
interest in today's rambling session -of
the stoek market. News developments
of a character to influence tie course
of prices in cither the industrial or the
railroad list were wanting. Neglect
caused business. Recessions were bro-id
er among the rails than among the in
dustrials. ; - . :
In the former losses ranged from ona
to more than three points. Such issues
as Union Pacific, Reading, Delaware
and Hudson, St. Paul, Canadian, Pa
cific and New York Central were the
chief suff erors. The stoel stocks sold
to 2 points or so down, with occasion
al leisurely recovery. The copper shares
were consistently soft. The tobacco is '
sues sold off fractionally and the equip '
input and munitions specialties alsov
There were some frankly weak and
strong spots. Wilson and company and
Uistillers' Securities were well bought.
General Tloctric was two points low
er. - ;
KAISER'S CUIII
PEACE PROPOSAL
PROVESFAILURE
Instantaneous Rejection by
Americans Causes Change
of Plans
CHANCELOR AFRAID TO .
TALK OF IT IN PUBLIC
Dared Not Go Before the
Reichstag With More Boast
ful Falsehoods
By J. W. T. Mason
(Written for the United Press)
New York, Sept. oS. Chancellor
Michaelis' sudden decision not to ad
dress the reiclistag publicly on peace,
but to make a secret statement to th
releasing 8 main committee, is a new
indication of the floundering indecis
ion that has overiaken the kaiser's
peace drive.
It is apparent that the peace propa
ganda is not working out as the Ger
man efficiency experts predicted
among themselves ic would. Unexpect
ed things aro happening that compel
tno -uiser s spokesmen to delay stag
ing their farce of taking the German
people into their confidence. The in
stantaneous rejection by public opiu
tiou iu the United States and in tho
nllied countries of the kaiser's cun
ning proposal for the semi-restoration
of Belgium is unquestionably the rea
son why the German chancellor has re
considered his plans to speak beioia
the reuhstng.
Germans are rn.m rang
Ho had arranged to tell the Gor
man people that peace had been
brought appreciably nearer, on terms
safeguarding the interests of kaiser
ism, But, even the kaiser has lately
become aware that the most dangerous
game he can play is to feed them with
falsehoods. -Never before in German his
tory has Teutonic public opinion began
to form so many independent judg
ments tts now.
Michaelis, therefore, dared not go
before the reichstag with boastful
words, for the German people must
now know that the kaiser's latest
peace offer has been riddled by criti
cinn. It is very significant that cou
pled with the Michaelis forthcoming
declaration to the reichstag main com
mittee, is the statement that he will
discuss tne Alsace-L.orrain quesnuu.
Having failed to tempt tho entente
powers with the promise of Belgium
concessions into an abatement of their
demands for tho democratization of
Germanv, the kaiser is now apparently
sounding German opinion concerning
(Continued on page four.)