Daily capital journal., May 05, 1917, Image 1

ELATION IS
M
! FULL LEASED
WIRE DISPATCHES
'
j I K I K . I X I . I
i 'u n i ram
.ETH YEAR-NO. 103
SALEM, OREGON, SATURDAY, MAY 5, 1917
J
NDDUMA A
EftS, WOII
REUNITED
I of Surging Crowds Changes Into Patriotic Demon-ion-Iastinctire.
Caution Against Aiding Germany
Disrupting Russia's Forces the CauseGerman-In-nceil
Agitator Swept Aside-Fear of Germany Victor
sis Prevailing Feeling
By William G. Shepherd,
(United Press Staff Correspondent.)
rograd, May 4. Via London, May 5. After two
if cheering, muttering, jostling mobs surging back
arth in demonstrations that at. times appeared
iisly near to organized riots, the duma provisional
nraent had today apparently succeeded in re-estab-
itself. An all night meeting last night apparently
led out many differences between the duma leaders
he soldiers and workmen's delegates,
the headquarters of the soldiers' and workmen's
ittee today it was informally stated that an amicable
iment had been reached with the duma leaders and
he executive committee by a two to one vote, had
,?ed the government's pledges. Included in these
m it was reported, was one to announce publicly the
is behind the provisional government's announce
on May Day as to Russia's aims in the war. Soldiers
ates said today the full text of this explanation had
read to the executive committee and approved by
. the meantime the temper of the surging crowds on
.reets has perceptibly changed. Yells and impreca
against the ministers have been quieted for cheers
mocratic Russia. Sober heads in the throngs ap
tly succeeded in bringing home to the demonstrators
seessity for continuance of a complete f orm of gov-
ant, a government that would have been dissolved
;leof the mob if the crowds' demands for resignation
rious ministers had succeeded. "
Are Against Germany.
PRICE TWO CENTS
ON TRAIN'S AND NT5W8
STANDH FIVE CENTS
SUBMARINE
MM HAY
BE REMOVED
tj'-five thousand persons were
fin the streets around tlie Mar
place all day Thursday and
f niglit. It was a turbulent,
J mob. Many clashes occurred
members. Several shots were
o attentat was made to keep or
W persons nere reported struck
:St.
ivd kept ceaseless vigil around
ng;n which the soldiers' and
8 8 Mfgates were meeting. Kx
ots gathered around various
w lheers for the people's rule
ael with roars of jiiilnn
I demands for wholesale resigna
I the present government lead-
gli all the disorder there ran
HMtive caution ngainst aiding
-f by disrupting Russia's forces.
jUgitntnvs who sought to urge
brotherhood with Gorman sol
f howled down. Nicholas Lein
' rf;'-'i'f-t aa a German-influ-
S'wor, was literally
.netrea to speak. The crowd
"umiioi VCt 1 ill tnllr
Believes Edison's Experi
ments Have Found Means
of Ending It
New York, May 3. Strong belief that
the submarine problem will be solved
by one or more American inventions,
already tested by the naval consulting
board, was expressel this afternoon in
a statement lo the United Tress, by W.
L. Saunders, chairman of the board.
Saunders suid that he did not know
of any single invention made by Thom
as A. Edison, president of
which would end the submarine peril,
but clearly intimated that Edison is
engaged in experiments that promise to
bo successful.
"There have been a lnrge number of
inventions submitted to the board,"
said .Saunders. " Jfanv have been tried
and found practicable. Mv belief is
that a combination of these inventions
will solve the submarine problem. I am
confident that it will be solved bv some
of the inventions now before us. As a
result of recent discoveries I a in hope-
lui mat tlie undersea pent will soon
be met effectively."
Saunders emphasized the fact that
no announcement had been authorized
by the navy department and that he
was expressing his personal opinion.
Saunders positively denied a state
ment quoting him as saying the subma
rine problem "has been solved."
He also asserted that he did not ex
press his "hope for an early solution"
for the purpose of allaying public
fears.
HURTS NORTHWEST
Washington. May 4.- 0ft.it
strong oppoiiition by Pacific
coast IuiiiIhtbico, the' houe in
terstate cotnnierc committee
this afternoon rerhirtid favor
ably a bill giving the govern
ment power to tssem charges
on deckloadn of ships utssing
through the Panama canal.
which would enter into secret treaties.
Constant demand that the present min
isters make public all compacts into
which they had enteieu or intended en
tering or else resign was voiced.
"We aro fighting an offensive nnd
not a defensive war," was a reiterated
cry.
There was diminution in the size of
(ho crowd 'when the ministry met at
night in joint session with the executive
council of the soldiers and workmen's
delogntes- Tho mob's demands had by
this time been changed into appeals for
certain policios by the ministers.
"The Russian people- have been burd
ened with a heritage of internal and in
ternational wrongs; they have cleaned
out the former, now they must clean out
the latter," was one typical speech by
ono of the crowd's orators.
"Miliukoff knows - all about secret
treaties he must publish them," was
another utterance greeted with wild acclaim.
$125,000,000 MOKE
When the impromptu orators in the
crowd had worn themselves out the mob
swept began yelling for speeches from the
crowd duma leader. Their demands, in a vast
Rrtfrn'o 1. , a i. a a. ii. . i.ll
CroraV i :hui us ur cuiuioi, peiiuirmea in me nun
i - . .... iu vvuiuu i 10 ministers ana buiukhm unu
workmen were debating.
Crisis Still Acute.
Miliukoff wag the first to respond to
roars of demand for a speech. He ap
peared on the platform and begged the
' Abhor !fl(.L m ... I people to be patient. He was respect-
ole If "f T atl6S' , ' f greeted-ieven cheered. Then the
fmcd tn li i mob demanded mat I'resiaentKouzianiiy
"'Hinir n I , populace . 0f tho duma speak. He had to respond
jjjMmport any ministry . i tie fnre 0 timnderoivs insistence.
I .... ivunH.f iihu SUOllV
' a Mtr dl i. ,1n,,.t-..
7 at a"y cost, and this senti
? le';0i and fostered bv
the provisional leaders, who
V owd and besought order
Washington, May 5 -The gov
ernnient today announced fur
ther loans of $125,000,000 to
flreat Britain and France. A
$33,000,000 loan was today clos
ed with British representatives
nnd a $100,000,000 loan to
France will be consummated
within a few days.
These further transactions
bring the total war loans to
date to $425,000,000, $200,000,
000 having been loaned to
Great Britain some time ago
and $100,000,000 to Italy.
"BEATEN BY WOfvlAN"
CAM SUICIDE
Montana Candidate Defeated
by Miss Rankin, Dies
Broken Hearted
Elkhart, Ind., May 5. Despondent
over illness mid crushed in spirit bv
his defeat ot.tht' primaries by Miss
Jcaunette Rankin, congressman from
from Montana, Colonel Jacob E. Crull,
of Roundup, Mnt., is dead a suicide.
He drank muriatic acide while tdtting
on the steps of an undertaking estab
lishment today.
"I'm heartbroken," was all Crull
would say at the hospital before death
occurred this afternoon.
Crull was 58 years old and unmarried.
Thirty years ago he left this section,
where he spent his boyhood, and went
west to find his fortune. He began the
the practice of law, served one term in
the Montana legislature and was ap
pointed a colonel on the governor's
staff.
He was making good politically.
Finally he decided to run for congress
on the republican ticket. Miss Rankin
entered the lists against him. He was
beaten.
Crushed, his ambition defeated, Crull
could not bear the jibe "beaten by a
woman," and turned to his old home.
The most of the winter was spent at
the home of a sister, Mrs. Emma Crull
Little.
The only thing found on Crull at the
hospital was his will. He is survived by
three brothers and two sisters.
This is not the first time tragedy
.has stalked into thCrull family. His
two sisters were married "on the same
day and lost their husbands by death
within a week or, eacn otner-
HER!! FLANK IS
IHSERIQUSDAHGER
OF BEING TURNED
If French Can Capture Laon
Germans May Have to
Retire Again
CAPTURE OF CRAONNE
MAKES TffiS POSSIBLE
Germany Brings 160,000 Re
serves In to Battle To
Prevent This
CHItlO GIVES ROYAL
MET
0 IT
Miles of Streets Jammed with Cheering Americans, and
Every, Mile Ablaze with Flags of Three Countries
Viviani Stirred the Deepest Patriotism When He Said:
"When the Rights of One Nation Are Violated the Rights
of AH Nations Are Trampled Under Foot"
By George Martin.
(United Press staff correspondent.)
Chicago, May 5. Viviani, Joffre and
the French commission today bade fare
place of the common people, in the
heart of the stockyards district.
There the hero of the Marno and the
man who made la jatrio stand solid as a
rock in the early months of the war
RESERVE ENGINERS
San Francisco, May 5 The secre
tary o fwar has ordered the organiza
tion of reserve engineer regiments in
various parts of the country, to be called
into service for railroad duty, it was an
nounced at army headquarters this aft
ernoon. These troops will be used as
soon as sufficiently organized under di
rection of the chief of engineers of each
army department.
Enthusiastic Reception Is
Given Balfour By Congress
President and Wife Attend
London, May 5.- Way Tor flanking of
the Laon pivot of the German Hinden
burg line was open to the French to
day. If General Nivelle can turn the
trick and outflank the Germans by cap
ture of Laon in the immediate future,
military strategists hero believe the re
tirement of the Germans to the frontier
lino will be necessary.
Capture of Craonne, dominating the
Aisne plateau and the Mietto valley,
taken in a surprise blow of great
strength struck yesterday by the
French commander, gives t,ie French
their entry point for this important
operation. Today the French were nine
miles distant from Laon, but with the
intervening ground favorably situated
for their further progress. German re
serves hurriedly concentrated to offset
the French victory were stubbornly con
testing every inch or me grouna held
by Nivelle 's troops and front dis
patches indicated a battle of gigantie
proportions was gathering there- Craon
ne and Laon lie at the base of an angle
of which LaFere is the point. A peno
: tration of thia angle would fiive the al
lies a nolo back or the Hindenburg hue
all the way north and place the Germans
in grave jeopardy.
Deadlock Continues.
Field Marshal Haig's report today in
dicated continuance of the deadlock in
the Arras sector and was devoted to
fighting action to the south.
"East of LeVerguicr we carried out
a successful raid at night, taking a few
prisoners, "he said. ' ' North of Havrin-
eourt wood, we progressed."
The deadlock in the Arras sectr was
not during the night, however. Three
iurther German counter-attacks were
made during the night, the British com
mander in chief reported. AU were di
rected against the newly won British
positions on the Hindenburg line- The
first was broken down in concentrated
British artillery fire. The other two
passed the barrages but were driven
back from the British trenches after a
period of sharp fighting.
Progress around Fresnoy, to the south,
was also reported by Haig. At Messines
hostile raiders were repulsed.
well to the sea of flags and the roar of will meet the men of brawn the mm.
cheers which marked the first two days ! whose love Pnd interest they came to
of their tremendous Tccnntinn ,v ti, America to enlist and their wcraet
i A. folk and children.
middlo west and, after the big stock
yards mass meeting this afternoon, will
carry their message of war and love to
other conquests.
The west awoke today to tho sound of
tho voice of embattled France thunder
ing its plea for America's aid in "a
world war for freedom."
And the French war makers them
selves, tucked away amid the luxurious
furnishings of Charleh R. Crane's mar
ble palace on Lakeshore Drive, awoke
to a realization that the west is for
war to the finish.
Formality and cxclusiveness were not
on the program of the day and Viviani
tfnd Joffre, both numbered among
France's "men of the people" stepped
down among those myriad hosts of the
middle west who earn their bread by
the sweat of their brows.
It was to such thousands as Viviani
and Joffre will addresse themselves in
the monster free public stockyards
meeting which says Chicago's farewell
to the war envoys late today that ex-
Premier Rene Viviani directed his words
when he cried: -
"Come to us, American broth rsl
MARTIN
day.
Minister of Justice Kercnsky was next
demanded. All three leaders were round
ly cheered. Then the noise subsided
somewhat.
All night long, however, there were
thousands who stood or walked in
swaying crowds back and forth on
nearby streets. Tho yelling mob spirit
had apparently exhausted itselt by day
light and when word was spread about
that the conference between tho duma
leaders and the solCTTers' and work
men's committee wa proceeding satis-
! factorily, most of the remnants of the
crowd mustered cheers trom the hoarse
throats and melted away.
Although on the surface the situation
appeared to have cleared considerably
today, a statement by the provisional
ministry, affirming complete acqucs
cence with yesterday's declarations by
Foreign Minister MiliuTtoff indicated
there is still an acme crisis between
the provisional duma leaders and the
soldiers' and workmen's delegates.
Miliukoff yesterday declared that Rus
sia would not mnlec a separate peace and
that it must stand by obligations to
its allies, made in comacts between the
czar' and the other entente govern
ments.
YOUNG MURDERER
St. Paul, Minn. May 5. That .Too
Redenbaugh, age 22, alleged boy des
perado, killed Mrs. Alice inmn ana,
an ..in : .... . nrobablv with an accomplice, murder-
uii on til' free n,i Dlim. nnnn r,t' Mimipnnnlis.
speeding the day before Mrs. Duun's
murder wns the nositive statement of
Chief O'Connor here today.
By J. P. Yoder.
(L'uited Press staff correspondent.)
Washington, May 5. With tho presi
dent and Mrs- Wilson in the gallery and
joining in the applause, the house of
representatives this afternoon staged
one of the most spectacular, wildest
patriotic demonstrations iu its history,
in greeting untisn foreign lunusiur
Arthur J. Balfour.
The reception given Balfour came as
a climax to the manner iu which mem
bers of the British and French missions
now in this country have been received
elsewhere.
Renresentatives. senators, allied and
neutral diplomatic representatives and
just plain citizens who packed and jam
med the galleries, joined in the wild
greeting to Britain's foreign minister.
As tho demonstration , progressed,
President; Wilson left his seat in the
On the platform with the two historic
French heroes will be another great
man of tho people, Lieutenant Colonel
Fabry, the "blue devil" of France and
one of the gallant few hundred who
blocked the onrush of the Teutonic
hordes over a Bix mile front in tb"
epoch-making battle, of tho Marne.
It is said of Fabry that he personally
has killed more Germans than any oth
er fighting man in all trie allied forces.
Also that he has been nearer hell than
any man living.
His trench at the Marne was shallow.
The soil, mixed sand and dirt, could not
be piled up. Tho only fortification
available consisted of tho bodies of
German dead. Fabry used them. When
he needed more he used a hook on a
rope to drag them in.
Fabry's best friend was hilled be
side .him in this entrenchment. The
only place Fabry could bury him was
directly beneath tho spot where he stood
to fight. He buried him 'thero and lor
six days stood, knelt or lay on the &ave,
fighting and hoping against hope that
the Germans would not break through
And they didn't-
"Qnit.n tho eontrarv." ho said, "I
Come and fight' side by Bide with your j think the submarine peril right now n
French brothers; your allied brothers- just serious s c., - i i.
"Come under vour Glorious banner to tw me """" "uw v -
fight for the democracy of the worldl'"' meet
and show all men that when the rights!
of a single nation are violated, the
rights of all nations are trampled under
foot."
With his jaw locked and his doubled
fist smashing into his palm for empha
sis, Viviani deliverea nis aiatriDie
against kaiserism:
"From the first you gave us the
benefit of your moral, support, because
you aTO a great democracy. And wo are
a great democracy. Because in Europe
and in France there are free men who
were thus acreed in soul to raise yet
higher the flag of democracy before
But you must renlembef'
this is only my personal bolief."
Prices Trend Upward
In Some Industries
slow to realize that the president was
a spectator, finally began cheering. The
president rose in response and stood
until the house quieted for a moment
before the arirval of the Balfour party.
The house rose again and cheered as
Balfour, on the arm of Chairman iiooclj
of the house 'foreign affairs committee,
walked to the speaker's desk, shook
hands with Speaker Clark, and stood
before the members.
Balfour's entrance was greeted with
the usual houso announcement by the
doorkeeper:
The Lid Was Off.
"The honorable, tne British misison
to the United States."
That tilted the lid. When tho cheer
ing concluded Clark announced:
"I present to you the Right Honor
able Arthur James isairour, secretary
Resistance Desperate.
Paris, May 5. Germany is pouring
fresh divisions into desperate fighting
along all the Soissons-Rheims front in
a determined attempt to stop the French
advance and retake positions- lost in
General Nivelle 's recent drives, today's
official statement showed.
Four new German divisions approxi
mately 160,000 men were called on by
the Teutons to aid in their violent coun
ter attacks.
The German counter thrusts furnished
tho greater part of tho fighting, but
around Mont Cornillet and east of
Blond Mont the French again succeed
ed in gaining ground, in the face of vio
lent resistance.
"South of the Oise a German attack
was checked by our curtain of fire,"
the statement said. "Near Coucy for-
f.. ,. 1 me till we
si'id Mrs. Tilford
renewed and re-
ilcrv to co to the house floor. There .of state ror loreigu a.a v,-.
he shook hands with Balfour amidst re- Britain.
. mi.- o.lti.u : Tha nhppflllff fU
newea cneermg. me d.iu.u iuu:.su ,,.-,,.',. to the house
minister addressed the nou : ornery " "an an appealto America to
fngn?ributffe to America's entrance in-1 help the " ti,e peop e of the jrld to
tn the war. which, he said, must be com
plotcd successtuliy to tue aines auu
America, if democracy is to live.
Fresiaent; in uauery,
Balfour attacked Germany savagely
.1 T..c.:.!..i.f-
as the nouso cneeruu auu uniu
Wilson applauded vigorously.
Germany, Balfour declared, is "re
morselessly and unscrupulously" car
rying out its appalling object to domin
ate the civilization or mankind. He
confidently predicted that the "tree
people of the world will surciy con
quer." ' , .
The president and the British mis
sion Balfour, Major General Bridges,
Admiral Dechair and other members
,...: ttb c.aiiitol at 12:25. Balfour
and his party were taken immediately
to Speaker ClarK's oixice w T
Ambassador Spring-Rice and house lead
ers were awaiting them. The president,
Mrs- Wilson nud Mrs. McAdoo went to
the executive gallety perhaps the first
time a president has gone into the gal
lery of the house.
For five minutes President Wilson
sat iu the gallery unnoticed. Then some
member looked up and saw him. lhe
member started applauding. The house,
New York, May 5. The New York
Evening Snn financial review today
says: , , ' , t
Trading was quiet inthe day's short
session and prices in the main were
narrow, largely of professional origm
and, therefore, of no great significance.
There were active intervals in sueh s-
tt:,i u,.itnc Kp1. Dataware
the rampant of an autocracy which is Hudson ond othcrs ln which a
tottering to its fall. I heavy short interest had been built up.
"Absolute monarchies imagine they Coveinr j lrtose slocks carried them
can conquer other peoples by tho mar- ff0 a 8Ubstnntia fraction to as
riages they make and by placing on all mFu(,h ftg three poits or so in Delewnre
the thrones of Europe their relatives and Hu,iBOn. Sentiment in Wall Street
and representatives. This is not democ- Wts distjnctly improved with the new
racy. And this they cannot do." spirit of cooperation between tho bank-
Seldom have crowds jumped to their ers hcre nnd the secretary of the trcas
feet and cheered so wildly, so unre- ury - ag wa8 indicated by tho confer
strainedly, as did those which have en,'B 0f yesterday and the big sueecss
marked every step of the French visit- of tiie war bond flotation,
ors progress since their arrival in Chi- There was a firm undertone to the
cago; and which early tramped forth industrial list throughout, but railroda
to line their way today. were irregular with an alternate tur
Waving tho tri-color and the Stars to weakness. Tho opening Tvas vanablu
and Stripes, massed humanity made a within narrow limits. Strength later
living lane from the Crane home down developed moderately, with Unilei
the broad Lakeshore Drive to the art states Steel above lit. Anaconda nncl
gallery, the first stop on the party's Utah fractionally higher and llmtea
farewell tour of Chicago today. States Industrial Alcohol up a point or
Joffre in field gray and Viviani in more. Most of these gains, .however,
a black business suit and derby hat, were neutralized the cl08'nK-
saluted and bowed from their big car ; ""J- "
as they swept by the caeering throngs 1 Knife TYaCV
Other thousands lined tho winding JUJj riMUS aW .
course of the party's parade through I M l GldltV 01 MUTCer
(he loon district at noon; and solid. MVl UUiHJ wi muim
blocks of humans filled the highways
in all directions as the Frenchmen rolled
up to tne L mversny vi "imb"
Seattle, Wash., May 5. Thomas Tra-
OV, 1. VV. W, (jrgu in 1 j
most active. . . hmcheou. . . edw.th the ?J.
" During the night north of the Aisne Fou0wing a mid-afternoon drive a deputy 8n1" '"V:,:;
the Germans violently counter attack- tUr0Ugh the boulevards and parks of , 5, during a battle between V
ed our Craonne positions captured yes- Soutifnd West Chicago, the long line nties and 200 1. W. a? .
of big cars will whizz down to Dex-. ,U1 had lasted nine weeks
ter pavillion, tuat monster meeimii
of six men and
Anwn Germany's military despostism
The president applauded at every op
portunity. The spcecn concniaea, u
disappeared- Members believed he had
gone back to the White House. A cheer
from the back of the chamber greeted
the president's unexpected entrance on
the floor of the house.
Followed by a dozen secret service
men the president walked down the
main aisle of the house, mixed up with
400 congressmen, and awaited bis turn
to shake hands with Balfour and his
C01ffriff8tinnw hands with Balfour, the
president leaned oyer and whispered a
erecting to im". .
S.:n- n, othnr members of the mission
and left the chamber amid cheers, to
i, Atrs Wilson from the executive
gallery. . fof jeptio,,,
"Mr. Speaker, members of the house
j in;u o,ul eentlemen." said Bal-
fnT "Will vou permit me, on behalt
of my friends and myself, to express
our deepest and sincere thanks for the
reception given us xoupj.
terday, but all efforts were broken by
resistance of our infantry and by our
barrage fire. The enemy was unable to
reach our lines anywhere.
"At Berry -au-bac, after violent fight
ing, German attacks toward our posi
tions east of Hill 108 were repulsed-
"On Friday evening, following yes
terday's attacks, the Germans again at
tempted counter attacks northwest of
Ktteims, toward evening, unuKiug up
great reserves from Aguilcourt. They
utterly failed in all attempts to ad
vance, being smasneu Dy tne jrencu
heavy and field artillery, with huge
losses to them. Two new German di-
visions were identified m the battle.
We took 925 prisoners, including a Ger
man major.
"In the Champagne a violent name
occurred Friday evening in the region
of Cornillet Mont. Our forces further
progressed east of the mountain slopes
around Mont riona, ue"i ueu.icoi
resistance. Here also the Germans util
ized two fresh divisions. Our captures
were 100 German soldiers."
SNOW IN DENVER
.Wheat Up Six Cents
Over Last Night sltose
wheat
later advanced
July opened
Chicago, May 5. Scattered buying
in tho absence of selling pressure and
covering by shorts, caused an upturn
.. " . . . . :l ft I
in tne wneat pit touay. j
opened up 2 3-4 and
3U. elnnin? at 42.78Vj
down V; later gaining 4 ana ciushik
at $2.24V. September opened down l't
later gaining 4'a and closing at $1-89
3-4.
Corn trade was light and after a
weak opening Rood gains were regis-
toi-o.i Mav nnened down and ad
vanced 1 3-4, closing at 9i-oo. oui,r
opened down , gained 1 3-8, closing
. t 44 ii-n. 'pepiemuer uwuto u
r.honcrp,1 mid trained 0-8. closing at
1 3f 3-8.
Oats were influenced oy tne majui
grains. May opened down A, later tc
u.rlni, 1 1-8. closina at 67 5-8. July
opened unchanged and advanced 3-8
to 63 7-8, the closing figure. September
nr.onod down 1-8. later saining Vi and
tn a day.
Titd nivv pnmnosed
. . T. .
six women nau oeen uui
. - ...... n .11... T to w
Tt. is doubttiil ii ii ouwi x- .... ...
charged with murder on the same occa
sion, will over ne tried.
Prosecutor Black and ms special -
..:.- immofViHtBlv went. into. conFor-
ence announcing that at 10:30 qlock
this morning they woum """"
whether or not the remaining 11 de
fendants would lie tried.
Denver, Colo, May 5 This section
i i rviinmdn" shivered under a
.ti i.i.-j. . e xnrlAM. rtnn. I.lrvctiii(r nt. fifi.
three incn oianitei ui suun wiuj. . . , . ij ,i
i-.ii,:, f i,a.4i.l Prnv s nns were irregular, lard and
vcr,..c" r", r'ir.nf- nh.t:' oork showing slight nl while ribs
nnii ran siurui ouuncu w - i w
THE WEATHER
Oregon: ' To
night and Sun
day showers
west, partly
cloudy and
warmer east por
tion j southerly
winds. ; ,
(Continued on page four.)
ing. at noon.
were lower.
THE Cr I