Daily capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1903-1919, March 20, 1917, Image 1

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CIRCULATION IS
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FORTIETH YEAR NO. C8
SALEM, OREGON, TUESDAY, MARCH 20, 1917
PRICE TWO CENTS
ON TRAINS AND NEWS
STANKS nVB f'KNTS
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ACTUAL WAR VILL
DEPEND OH FATE
OF AHMED LI
If Armed American Ship Is
Attacked Action May
Be Forced
PRESIDENT WILL NOT
FORCE THE SITUATION
Declaration of War Will Not
Be Made If Possible To
Avoid It
By Robert J. Bender.
(United Press staff correspondent.)
Washington, Mar. 20. Actual decln
ration of war by the United States
against Germany appears to depend up
on the fate whieh befalls the first arm
vd American liner. It also appeared
today that avowal oX hostilities by
l'resident Wilson against the Imperial
(ierman government will not result
from the sinking of three American,
freighters last Saturday.
While taking every preparedness step
which he believes can be taken, Presi
dent Wilson is loathe to take furth
er action.
He has more aggressive steps under
consideration, however, and this after
noon discussed all phases of the prob
lem with his cnliuet, which convened at
2::so.. -
It has been definitely ascertained
' that the president strongly questions
the advisability of "forcing" the pres
ent situation. He is understood to feel
that everything that possibly could be
done to meet actual hostilities now
believed inevitable -ig being done. He
further questions whether calling con
gress into extra session before April
10 would accomplish, any particular
good. - -
The president is understood to fel
that the program he has outlined thus
far does not call for actual declaration
of war at this time, despite calls from
Hie country for such an act. If an arm
ed American ship is attacked, the situa
tion will then, call for the next forward
step.
The president is declared today, how
ever, to be still considering all phases
of the present situation and it may be
a day or two possibly more betorc
any further decision is announced.
Meantime tho very fact that ho has
delayed this long, lias given fiso to the
general belief in official circles that a
session of congress before April 10 is
unlikely.
The United States will gain an im
mense advantage in coping with sub
marines if it can "drift" into a state
t active warfare without formal dec
laration of war, military men here held
today. They have so told White House
officials.
Under such a condition this country,
they pointed out, could engage in an
industrial co-operation with the allies
which, it is believed, would soon break
the back of the central powers.
Munitions and gold could then bo
poured across the Atlantic between
lanes of allied nnd United States war
.ship. Should the United States, however,
declare formal war. public opinion here
would demand an immediate cessation
of shipments of war materials abroad
until the country accumulated suffie
icnt'supplies to care for itself. It would
then be "America first" with the pub
lic insistent that American resources
be conserved, at least until the country
is on an adequate war footing. .
(jnoj o3nd no pannpno)
ABE MARTIN
He
.Hogers for $90. lie said it was iinpos
, It wu as dull here yisterday as th'.'gibl; to get a first-class engineer for
penin.'. of a horse flesh. meat maxket.-leaa . than $15Q a. mouth. He stated
Tli' best reformer in any. commnnity.is: Hogers-was jut -as-good as the engin.-
th', feller, whc. pavs his debts an' at
tends t' hig own business first. - -
Wide Spread Rumors
of German Revolution
London, Mar. 20. An 'uncon
firmed rumor was spread in fin
ancial circle here this after
noon of a revolution in Ger
many. The same rumor of a revolu
tion in Germany has been per
sistently ia circulation in the
lini d States for the past two
d. Today it went so far as
to ' o "v the suggestion that
som " bad happened to the
kaise : r
Noli- ithe rumors could be'
traced' 'w definite source, but
all were rently founded on
recent rej. indicating unrest
in German, the possibility
that the sub of the demo
cratic moven . in Russia re
cently might . in German
democrats ov. . xowing the
autocratic German military aris
tocracy. Tho United Press received in
quiries concerning various rum
ors about a German revolution
from such widely separated
cities ns Philadelphia. Cleve
land. Montreal and Chicago.
The rumors were spread, like
those, reported in London, in
financial circles.
Denmark Reports It.
New York, March 20. The
Evening Kun this afternoou
published the following dis
patch from London:
'Reports from a Danish news
paper state that a revolution
has "broken out in Hamburg,
Germany. No confirmation of
the rumor can bo obtained here.
Official advices are lacking."
jc sji s(c sc sjc sc Jc c s )c i
INVENTS AUTOMA-
TIC TORPEDO
"Williston, N. D., Mar. 20.
Charles J. Field, grandson of
Cyrus K. -Field, the man who
laid the first trans-Atlantic
cable and turned it over to the
American government, has in
vented a torpedo, designed to
guide itself on ft magnetic con
trol,, into the bowels of enemy
vessels. Tho torpedo attaches it
self to tho" ship by magnetism
and remains there until its ex
plosion, which is controlled by
a timing device. Government
tests credit the torpedo with
seven out of eight perfect ex
plosions. A NEW TRENCH LOAN
JSTew York, March 20. A new French
loan of $100,000,000 in two year notes
to be floated in this country was an
nounced by J. P. Morgan and company
this afternoon.
WARM FIGHT STARTS
OVER CITY ENGINEER
After An Acrimonious Debate
No Important Change
Made
fift'it involving the city engineer
and the assistant city engineer was
precipitated in the council last night
nhen a resolution was rend reducing
the salary of the assistant engineer
from $110 to $90 a month was read.
Councilman Jones moved to amend so
as to make it $100 a month.
This brought up the question of the
hiring of a supervising engineer lor
laying the street paving this, summer.
councilman unrun declared he was in
favor of increasing the salary of the
engineer from $20 to$S0 a month and
making him supervise the paving and
thus do away with a third engineer.
He opposed the amendment. He believ
ed the assistant engineer was the back
bone ot the engineering department.
Miiyor Kcves, who had called Coun
cilman Klliott to tho chair, said that
if Councilman Unruh was correct ns
to the backbone of the engineer's de
partment, then the assistant should
be made chief and vice versa, he said
at first it was thought the city en
gineer would do the work of supervis
ing but he said the city engineer said
he could not supervise it. If that is
the ease he thought the salary should
be cut down to $75 a month.
Cheap Man Not Wanted
Councilman McClelland declared that
it was possible to get too cheap a man.
he said Roger Knows tho city by heart
and this reduction in salary is an at
tempt to get rid of him and get a
eh 'aDcr man. Who this cheaper man
is, he declared they all knew as he
has been loafing about the engineer's
otfice and learning all he can there.
He declared this man was not able to
run a line correctly. With the present
man in charge, he said it would be easy
to save his salary in the work he did.
He said. Rogers was not liked by the
contractors because he made them
conic exactly to the specifications. He
did not think it was possible to get
(Continued on page three.)
TO ASK CONGRESS
10 INCREASE ALL
FREIGHT RATES
Commission Can Only Decide
As To Extra Cost To
Railroads
SUPREME COURT SAYS
IT ALONE CAN DO THIS
Railroads Say Increase In
Passenger Rates Will Be
, Necessary
Washington, Mar. 20. Congress, at
the coming extra session, will bo ask
led to pass a law eranting increased
freight and passenger rates to tho
railroads to reimburse them for in
creased wages they will be compelled
to pay Under the Adamson eight hour
law, prominent railroad heads and of-
mials or the interstate commerce com
mission told the United Press today.
"Since the supreme court has de
cided that congress has the plenary
power to fix wages for the trainmen,
then applying the same rule, it has the
i.g... i. : added to his popularity today when it
prominent government oiliest said. be(.ame kn0W11l th tH ' h , h ,
The fact that congress can dispose j d d C2ar Nicholas T0 bdl.
of the increased rate problem in &e!te . ,
more speedv and satisfactory manner i T. , . . ., , , ,
than the interstate commerce commis- . TevleA the d,,ke
. , . ,. ,i, n, held a lengthy audience with the em-
mntior win oe put up tuo congress.
The eight hour commission created
by the Adamson net to investigate the
effect of the eight hour law on the
railroada is powerless to grant increas
ed rates. The only power this commis
sion has is to determine how much the
railroads will have to pay out in in
creased wages and the general effect
that it will have on the roads.
This commission, consisting of Gen
eral Goethals, George 1!. Rublee and
Edgar E. Clark, the latter a member of
the interstate commerce commission,
has been actively at work since the
first of Jnnuarv. when the Adamson
law became effective, but as operation
of tho law was interfered with as a
result of the iniunction the commis-,
sion was not able to gather such infor-
mation regarding the eltect of the
law. Now, they have laid their plans so
that they will be nolo to begin work
at once.
The preliminary plans have been map
(Continued on Page Three,)
Buildings Blown Up, Roads
Mined and Whole Country
Vast Area of Devastation
By Henry Wood
(United Press.staff correspondent)
With the French Armies Advancing
from Roye, Mar. 20. One hundred and
sixteen square miles of territory,
burned black and rent with wanton ex
plosions, has been the prize' wrenched
from the Germans by the French in one
little district from around Chaulnes to
the Oise. ft is morel v a part of a vast
territory repatriated by the French
troops after hot pursuit of a German
retirement that for precipitate haste
resembles the retreat from the Marne.
This 110 miles, however, is typical of
German ruthlessness iu retreat.
It has been a retirement by the Ger -
mans matked bv wanton destruction ! had been renamed after such army he
and devastation exceeding even that ! r0es and generals as Hindenburg, Mack
of tho original German invasion. ensen and others.
Traveling over the highways in ev- But the townspeople themselves were
cry direction on tho thirteen mile front far from Germanized. Twenty four
around Roye, (.'haulnes and the Oise to-1 hours after the Germans evacuated
day, one finds roads everywhere blown
upj trees and fences cut down, houses
and all other buildings Tazed anci the
verv land itseir damaged to as great
nn extent as possible.
Roye, the largest city yet retaken
from the Germans in the French ad
vance, was not burned as was Bapaumc
prize of the British forces, but it was
thoroughly mined and blown up.
Like Work of Earthquake
The city looks as though it had been
stricken "by an earthquake. The Ger-;
mans before they left mined the street;
corners in such a manner as not only
to cause a great crater when the ex-;
plosives were touched off, thus block
ing the streets, but also caused the
collapse of all buildings on the four
corners.
The whole city of Roye- was thus
mined, to impede the 'French advance.
But tho ddte whieh the German com
mander had fixed for their evacua
tion had not arrived before FTench
forces rushed in.Their sudden and un
expected appearance caused the Ger
mans to touch off their mines a-t 4
o'clock Saturday morning and with
out any warning to the civil popula
tion. Inhabitant of the village were
hurtei- from their beds;; great -craters
forty-fet - wide and some thirty- feet
-in-depth" were Blown in the principal
streets. "
Baby Week Work This
Year To Save Mothers .
From Death at Childbirth
(By United Press.) -Washington,
Mar. 20. Hans to make
Baby Week celebrations throughout the
country this year from May 1 to May 6,
a huge 'educational movement for the
reduction of mortality among women at
child-birth are under way at the Chil
dren's Bureau of the Department of
Labor today.
Baby week celebrations in the past
have been directed more towards re
ducing infant mortality.- The fact, how
ever, that 15,000 mothers are dying vn
nually from conditions incident to
childbirth has opened up an even
greater problem, the bureau announced.
Ignorance and neglect are the prime
causes for this high mortality.
"Many women," one official at the
bureau said, "do not seem to realize
how much their own health and the
health of their children depends on tho
intelligent care of the mother before
her baby is born. Baby week can help
mothers in various ways and it will be
made the -starting point,-this rear, for
certain coucreto activities.
Plans now being completed, will in
clude centers for mothers living in the
country to gather and take pre-natal
educational work.- The needs of rural
mothers are less generally understood jtr0 on the w(,s"' flowed up
than those of city mothers and a rural perceptibly today.
nursing service is urged as one means j Dispatches from the press headquar
of reducing the mortality rate in sec- f..H at the British front, said thU n.Mit
tions far removed from the c.itv.
Grand Duke Nicholas-
Caused Abdication
Petrograd, Mar. 20 The Grand Duke
Nicholas cemented his alliance with the
people in the Russian revolution
aiK'
peror and urged this step upon him
prior to the visit of the revolutionary
committee bearing the abdication dec
laration. One other bit of history made public
today, was that the action of the Rus
sian duma is resolving to overthrow the
autocratic government was unanimous
with the exception of 15 members who
stood out for imij'cdtatB establishment
ot a republic, withoup waiting for a
popular vote and without the temporary
duma committee form now governing.
ORDERED 60 SUBMARINES -
Washington, Mar. 20. Secretary
Daniels yesterday afternoon directed
the New York navy yard to proceed at
once with. tho construction of (iO sum
marine chasers.
They will cost $110,000 each complete
except machinery. .The yard can lay
down 40 at once.
Delivery will begin in from fit) to SO
days at tho rate of one boat every three
days.
Broke Everything Breakable
In these great holes tumbled the
principle buildings of the city. The
magnificent town hall with a score of
others is a. mass of ruins. The quick
arrival of the French enabled cutting
of wires connecting mines- which had
been laid under whole streets of the
cit' so that some buildings were sav
ed. At the moment of their departure
the Germans wreaked final vengeance
on the city by entering houses and
smashing the furniture, dishes every
thing breakable.
The invaders had Germanized the
citv during their occupancy or, at
:eat had attempted it. All the streets
Roye the eight hundred-remaining of
the city 's civil population had unearth
ed long hidden French flags. The tri
color was waving everywhere when the
French troops entered.
Destruction Everywhere
From Roye to Nestle there is destruc
tion everywhere. Aviators report whole
towns and villages burning. ' i
The rapid French advance has now
changed the entire aspect of the war.
Tor two years the troops have been
all but immovable in trenches. Now
this inaction has magically disappear
ed. The troops are pressing forward
hurriedly. French cavalry, infantry, ar-!
tillery and aviation squals in harass
ing and pursuing the enemy. The en
tire territorv behind the fleeing Ger
mans is filled with an endless steady
advance of columns of infantry; ar
tillery, cavalry. Hugo military camps
bloom on the devastated fields; bloom
for a few hours and then disappear as
the troops move forward.
All in movement and yet s meth
odically it is execute that beyond
Roye the Parisian ' trewspapers are be
in? distributed to the soldiers today
with the same regularity as in Paris
itself.
Throughout the- German;' evacuation
and the -trench occupation of Koye,
(Continued on pag three.)
GERMAH RETREAT
SLOWS UP HEARING
HEW DEFENSE LRIE
Recent Fighting May Be But
Prelude To General
Engagement
GERMANS CLAIM ALLIES
HAVE IMT HEAVILY
French Make Slight Progress
Russians Take Gty
of Hilingfors
London, Mai. 20. The German re-
possibly be attributed to stormy weath
er. It was also possible it might mean
the Germans were now reaching the
lino of thoir long prepared positions. j
Despite tho weather and slowing wp
of the German fight, the British never
theless, progressed considerably, the
dispatches said. .
Tho Paris official statement of to
day indicated a similar slowing up be
tween Avre and the Oise of the Ger
man retreat and likewise remarked on
the bad weather. The Berlin statement
revealed a number of engagements
along the whole of 'this front and like
wise gave indication of the new charac
ter of the fighting developed there, Bft
or two and a half years of trench war
fare. .
Tho forces engaged in .this theatre
of the war are now fighting in open
ranks. The maneuvering is swiftly
aoiie. Cavalry has been called into use
hero for the first time in concentrated
attack sinco the early days of the war.
Military experts have been predict
ing for some days a slowing up in "the
Gemian flight, due to the approach of
the retreatnifi troops to tho new "Hin-
denburg line, " where positions have
been prepared for months. It may be
that the present fighting is merely the
preludo to a general engagement along
this front. Such an engagement, due to
the length of the front, the prepara
tions made by all belligerents and the
approach of warmer weather will bring
the greatest battle in the world s his
torv.
AlUeg Loss Severe.
Berlin, via Kayville wireless, Mar. 20,
"Heavy losses to oiir adversaries"
were detailed in today's official report
as the result of several engagements of
infantry and cavalry detachments "in
the district abandoned to occupation by
tho enemy on both sides of the 8oinme
and the Oise."
"Preparation of tho field of tho en
gagement selected in this district made
it militarily useless," the statement
continued, "which means everything
has been made unserviceable which lat
er could be ol advantage to tho enemy
for his operations.
"In the Ypres bend our reconnoiter
ing troops brought in 12 Englishmen
from the position.
"On the left bank of tho Meuse the
French in the afternoon and night di
rected violent attacks against positions
gnined by us March 18. They wore ev
erywhere repulsed.
"On height 304 one of our companies
spontaneously followed the retreating
enemy and ci.nqucred an additional
trench sector two hundred meters in
width. Its garrison of 25 men was cap
tured. "Eastern war theatre: In some sec
tors there was livelier fighting activity
than (luring the last 'few days. From
raids on Bercscina and the Stochod our
reconnoitering detachments brought in
25 Russian prisoners."
French Gains Slight.
Paris, Mar. 20. "Slight progress,"
despite bad weather and destruction oi
all means of communication, was re
ported by the French official statement
today in the Avrc7Aisne district.
French troops were in contact with
the enemy throughout this district. The
difficulties of the advance are grow
ing, the statement said.
Around Verdun the war office re
ported repulse with heavy losses to the
enemy of German attacks launched sev
eral times between Avaucourt wood nnd
Hill 304. .
. Hebsingfors Taken.
Stockholm, Mar. 20. Helsingfors
city, Finland, is in the hands of Russian
troops, following a week end of riots.
Admiral Njoeton was shot and 14 of
ficers aboard warships in the harbor
were killed, according to information
reaching here today.
FLAG STILL FLIES
Fort Wayne, lud., Mar. 20. The Am
erican flag still flies in the window of
the Allen county court house nere to
day, even though it may "offend some
one" by so doing. Recorder E. H.
Book waiter continued today to defy tke
order of William Schweir, county- com
missioner, that the flag come down.
Depot in Texas Made
Salemite Homesick
O. W. Baynard, an adopted Oregon
ian, ia making a visit to Mississippi and
Texas after an absence of 44 years. Ue
writes that when it cornea to real coun
try; there is no comparison anywhere
with Oregon- In southern Texas he
found the boll weevil had art the farm
ers back for several years. In Missis
sippi the cattle could not be compared
to the Oregon breed. Then another
thing Mr. Baynard did not like about
the south was the cold weather and
rain. He writes they had more of each
in southern Texas than he was accus
tomed to in Oiegon.
At Richmond, Texas, he saw a depot
constructed on exartly the same style
as the Southern Pacific at Haiera' and it
made him homesick. Taking everytning'
into consiueranon, Air. Baynard thinks
Oregon is good enough for him and he
hopes to once more breath the pure Ore
gon ozone about the first of May.
MAIL SACKS SEARCHED
New York, Mar. 20. "Twenty-six
mail-filled sacks aboard the Sunard lin
er Saxonio, whieh reached here today
from Liverpool, were slit open and their
contents searched some time last Thurs
day. The pouches contained mail for
the British embassy and for the Amer
ican government. Captain Benson re
ported by wireless and postal inspect
ors boarded the ship at quarantine.
TEN ESCAPED FROM
Result of Attempt by German
sympathizers To Liberate
Interned Men
Philadelphia. Mar. 20. Tcn German
sailors from the interned German boats
in the League Island navy yard are
today at large, according to tho belief
of police here- By patching up con
flicting stories of four recaptured men
thN police wevc led to the belief that
14 tried to swim their way to liberty
in icy waters last night.
Police here believe the attempt to get
away was not confined to the men
themselves, nor even to the captains of
the crews, but that it was part of a
general movement on the part of the
scores of Philadelphia Germans or Ger
man sympathizers to liberate the men.
This belief is supported by the fact
that a number of names were found on
the four men who were recaptured and
who are detained in the barracks of the
navy yard today, sufefring from ex
posure. - .
The name of Richard Stein was found
on one of the captured sailorB.
The names of five other Philadelphi
anst five German-Americans in Jersey
City and nine in Hobokcn were also
found on the captured men. It is be
lieved by local officers that these ad
dresses were given the would-be fugi
tives to indicate places of refuge. These
names and addresses, kept secret by the
navy yard officials, will bo turned over
to government agents, who will investi
gate the suspects.
An investigation is also being made
today of the cutting of a trolley feed
wire near the navy yard. This was
done shortly after the men made their
escape. The broken wire prevented trol
leys from League Island moving. .A
feed wire which furnished tho light to
a restaurant just outside the navy yard
was also mysteriously cut.
CITY WILL PAY $5 DAY
TOWARD FREE FERRY
$1,000 Taken From Fire
Fund and $250 From Band
for This Use
A free ferry, n city band, and the
question of reducing the pay of the
assistant city engineer were the prob
lems that "occumed the attention of
the council at its regular meeting last
night and resulted in some pepper he
ing scattered about somewhat promis
cuously. The free ferry was tho first brought
up when the courtesy of the floor was
granted to I. .1. Fry, who spoke on
the progress of the matter.Ho said that
at the meeting of the Commercial club
a short time ago about 200 business
men attended and discussed the mat
ter. At that time, a committee com
posed of V. G. Deckebach, Fred Steus
loff and D. J. Fry was appointed to
interview the Polk county court con
cerning the installation of a free fer
ry. Mr. Fry.eaid they visited the Polk
county court, which promised $150 a
month or $5 a day. The committee in
terviewed the manager ot the Salem
ferry regarding purchase or lease of
the equipment but had nothing defi
nite to report as yet. He said Marion
county was willing to do its share and
he asked the city to appropriate funds
to help.
Expense $20 a Day
Councilman Jones asked Mr. Fry to'
state the probable coat of operating
and Mr. Fry replied that the county
engineer had figured it out at about
(Continued on page thre.)
DECISIOII PERIIITS
G0VERIIL1EIIT TO
PREVEIIUTIES
Claim Made hy Railroad
Managers Decision Makes
This Plain
PRESIDENT STATED
THIS VIEW IN SPEECH
One Effect of Law Will Be
Speeding Up of All
Freight Trains
New York, Mar. 20 Tic Adamson
law decision clearly establishes th
right of the government to prevent
strikes, railroad managers contend, in a
statement issued today. A sharp cleav
age of opinion has developed over this
question, brotherhood chiefs contending
that the ruling of the supreme court
does not give the government such
power.
The Switchmen's Union of North
America, which was awarded 10 hour
pay for a nin hour day by an arbitra
tion board recently, "will. bo taken
care of" when their present contract,
signed for ono year, expires, according
to another statement from the manag
ers' office.
The managers' office authorized tho
following statement in regard to the
strike issue:
"The chief thing that the company
has gatned out of this decision ia that
it establishes beyond doubt that the
government, through congress, has full
power to prevent railroad strikes. The
opinion as read by Chief Justice White
niBkes it iilain that cmnloves of inter-
! state carrier:, because of the public.
character of the railroads, are affected
with a public 'Interest that they haw
no more right to strike and tie up the
commerce of the country, than have sol
diers and sailors.
"This same opinion was recently ex
pressed by Judge Clements, member of
the Interstate commerce commission,
when he said that railroad employes are
affected with a public interest that
they can no more ignore. than can the
carriers.
0 Wilson Suggested It.
"The same idea was expressed by
President Wilson in n speech made at
Shadow Lawn during the campaign, in
'which he said:
" 'America i never g"inK to say to
its individuals you must work whether
you want to or not, but it is privileged!
to say to an organization of persons,
you must not interrupt the national life
without consulting us. "'
One part of the law specifically
states the right possessed by employes
of "a business charged wilh a nubfifl
interest, and as to which the power tn
regulate commerce by congress, ap
plied," is "necessarily subject to limi
tations." William ft. Lee, trainmen chief, de
clared he does not believe this section
prohibits strikes.
"We are public servants," he said.
"But we are government employes
Therefore, I see nothing in the supreme
court's decision that would, prevent,
striking.'.'
Eight hundred separnto agreements
are to be effected today. Tho brother
hood chiefs arc to meet the railway
managers' conference " committeg .in
Grand Central Terminal today to take,
up this work. - - '
W. S. Carter, head of the firemen,
is en route back to St.1 Louis, wbero
he left his dying daughter to attend
the conferences here. A telegram lata
last night summoned him back.
It Increases Wages, -Ran
Francisco, Mar. 20. That tho
Adamson law will not effect to any
marked degree trainmen on passenger
runs or valley freight runs of the trans
continental lines but that its main in- .
flucnce will be on the freight runs over
mountain divisions is the statement of
railroad officials here. They say that
the passenger trainmen now are on a
five hour basis and the valley trainmen
on eight hour time.
One effect of the law, it was pointed
out. may be t speeding up of freight
trains to 12 1-2 miles an hour in order .
(Continued on page twO
.ft
Oregon; To-.
.night an Wed- .
nesday occasion-'
al rain west, .
partly ' eloudy .
east per t i in; "
southerly,
winds.
vyh&T tID iolh
loo with I
.