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THIRTY-NINTH YEAR o
SALEM, OREGON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 19, 1916
PRICE TWO CENTS SfflSE
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I 11
PRESIDENT REVIEWS THE HISTORY
OP GERMAN UNDERSEA WARFARE
Tells Congress1 In Joint Session Today That No Other j
Course Is Open To This Government Than Severance of
Diplomatic Relations If Germany Persists In Course of
Disregarding America's Wishes and the Regulations of
International Law Note Already On Way to Berlin
Brilliant Gatheringin Congressional Halls Today
EVENTS WHICH LED
TO PRESENT CRISIS
February 4, 1915 Ger
many declared that the
waters around the British
Isles would be a war zone
after February 18, and an
nounced that every mer
chantman found therein
would be torpedoed.
February 10. The United
4-, , . -i .1 i Ct Aliilie tllU UlUlTilV-Ui
States warned Germany tha 0ctober 5..German Am
it would be held to 'strict bassador Von Bernstorff
accountability' for anyj promised disavowai and re.
trenchment on American life I Lf;fty, j fua a,.u; noc.Q
or property.
February 16. Germany
replied that the unfairness
of the British blockade and
the necessity for self preser
vation would force it to con
tinue its submarine policy.
April 30. The American
steamer Gulflight was tor
pedoed and three killed.
May 1. An advertise
ment in New York papers
warned Americans not to
travel on the liner Lusitania.
May 7. The Lusitania
was torpedoed and sunk and
1200 drowned including 115
Americans.
May 13. The United
States protested, saying it
would "not omit any word
or act necessary to its sacred
duty of maintaining the
rights of citizens."
May 30. Germany replied
that the Lusitania was
armed and carried muni
tions. June 8. Secretary o f
State Bryan resigned.
June 10. A new note of
warning was sent to Ger
many. "It don't seem like spring without
Thaw trial," said Mrs. Tilford Moots
t 'day. A Republican '11 live out o'
office, but somehow he don't seem t'
thrive.
: ABE MARTIN
TTTTTTTfTTTTTTT
wmMv
A- (J?f? ',ffJ.r. S-.fl hfifw
July 9. Germany replied
that a British ship could not
be protected by having
Americans aboard.
July 21. Another note to
Germany again stated the
position of the United
States.
August 19. The British
steamer Arabic was sunk
cmrl twn Amorinone irora in.
n1li0i om Tu0 At.nn7nA
January 8. Berlin prom
ised to pay indemnity for
Americans lost in the Lusi
tania torpedoing.
January 2 5. Secretary
Lansing announced that
Germany had refused to ex
ecute its promise of dis
avowal. January 26. The final
word of the United States
in the Lusitania case was
handed to Ambassador Von
Bernstorff.
February 15. Germany
warned the world that all
armed enemy merchantmen
would be sunk without
warning. The United States
demanded withdrawal o f
that order.
March 3. Senate voted to
stand by the president.
March 7. House voted to
stand by the president.
March 28. The Sussex
disaster occurred, followed
by the attacks on the Eagle
Foint, Manchester Engineer
and Berwindvale. These pre
cipitated the present crisis.
The President's Message.
By Robert J. Bender.
(United Press staff correspondent.)
Washington, April 19 President YA'il
son today told congress of the dispatch
of a note to Germany that may mean
the breakinc of friendly relations witl
i that power. He spoke as follows:
"A situation has arisen in the for
eign relations of the country of whirl
it is my plain duty to Ujform you very
frankly. It will be recalled that in
February, 1915, the Imperial German
government announced its intention to
treat the waters surrounding Great Bri
tain and Ireland as embraced withir
the seat of war and destroy all mer
chant ships owned by its enemies that
might be found within any part of that
portion of the high seas and Hint it
warned all vessels of neutral, as well as
of belligerent ownership to keep out
of the waters it had thus prescribed or
else enter them at their peril. The gov
ernment of the United States earnestly
protested. It took the position that such
a policy could not be pursued without
the practical certainty of gross and pal
pable violations of the law of nations,
particularly if submarine craft were to
be employed as its instruments inas
much a the rules prescribed by that
law, rules foundeil upon principles of
humanity and established for the pro
te'tir.ii of lives of non-combatants at
s. could r it in the nature of the
case le rbsctved bv such vessels. It
based its Lrclrtt on the ground that
perons of reutral nationalities and ves
sel.? of rciitral ownership would be ei
posed to cxinuii and intolerable riskf
and tli.it no right to close any part
of tin high sea against their use or
- v. ' , : , , - J
X fit , , J
Photo copyright, 1913, by American
expose them to such risks could lawful
ly be as-sorted by any belligerent gov
ernment. Tho law of nutions in these
mnttrts, upon which tho government of
the United States based its protest, is
not of recent origin or founded upon
merely arbitrary principles set up by
convention.
It is based on the contrary upon mani
fest and imperative principle of hu
manity and has long been established i
with the approval and by the express!
assent of all civilized nations.
Notwithstanding the earnest protest
of our government tho 'mperinl govern- i
inent nt once proceeded to enrry out
the policy it rud anne-wred.
Germii.y's rroati'ics Not Kept.
It expressed t l.o l:f.pi that the dan-
y.'r iiivom'c'., m iu:y nie uie uangers;
to n.;u'rnl vessels, w -.uld be reduced to J
a minimum by the instructions which1
it has issued to, its r; I marine command-j
era u'ld assured the government of the
I'nited states that it wtrj'J take every!
J'Oiisil'lo precmitiin tl.ot'i to respect
thr ri'htj i !' r. i trjls m l tn frgunrd
the lives of uon combutauts.
What has actually happened in the
yenr which has since elapsed has
shown that tho-se ho;;.-s were not justi
fied, these assurances insusceptible of
being fulfilled, in pursuance of thej
policy of submarine warfare against the j
commerce of its adversaries thus an-1
nonneed and entered upon by the im-j
periai German government iu spite of,
the solemn protest of this government, j
tho Cjminnuders of German undersea i
vessels have attacked merchant ships)
with greater and greater activity, not:
only upon the high sea aurronnding
G relit Britain and Ireland but wherever
they could encounter them, iu a way
that has grown more and more ruthbrss,
more and more indiscriminate as the
months"nave gone by, less and less ob
servant of restraints o any kind; and
have delivered their attacks without
compunction against vessels of every
nationality and bound upon every sort
of errand. Vessels of .neutral owner
ship, even vessels of neutral ownership
bound from neutral port to neutral
oort. have been destroyed alnnir with
vessels of belligerent ownership in con-'
stantly increasing numbers. (Sometimes
the merchantman attacked has been
warned and summoned to surrender be
fore being fired upon or torpedoed
sometimes passengers or crews have
been voachsafed the poor security of
being allowed to take the ships' boats
before she was ent to the bottom. But
again and again so warning has been
given, no escape even to the ship's
boats allowed to those on board.
Violates All Laws.
"What the government foresaw
would happen has happened. Tragedy
has followed tragedy on the seas in
such fashion, with such attendant cir
cumstances as to make grossly evident
that warfare of -such a Bort, if warfare
it be, cannot be carried on without the
most palpable violation of the dictates
alike of right and of humanity. Whnt-
j ever the disposition and intention of the
Imperial German government it has
manifestly proved impossible for it to
keep up such methods of nttnek upon
Press Association.
tho conimerco of its enemies within the
bounds set by either by the reuson or
the heart of mankind,
"In February of the present year tho
Imperial German government informed
this government mid the other neutral
governments of the world that it had
reason to believe that the government
of Great Britain had arined all mer
chant vessels of British ownership and
had given tlieni secret orders to attack
any submarine of the enemy they might
encounter upon tho seas mid that the
Imperial German government felt justi
fied in the circumstances in treating
all armed merchantmen of belligerent
ownership as auxiliary vessels of war,
which it would have the right to de
stroy without warning. The law of na
tions has long recognized the right of
merchantmen to carry arms for protec
tion to use them to repel attack, though
to use them in such circumstances, at
their own risk, but the Imperial Ger
man government claimed the right to
set these understandings aside in cir
cumstances which it deemed extraordin
ary. Kven the terms in which it an
nounced its purposo thus still further
to relax the restraint it had previously
professed its willingness and desire to
put upon the operations of its subma
rines carried the plain implication that
at lenst vessels which were not armed
would still be exempt from destruction
without warning and that personal safe
ty would be accorded their passengers
and crews; but even that limitation, if
it was ever practicable to observe it,
has in fact constituted no check nt e1
upon the destruction of ships of every
sort.
All Assurances Disregarded.
"Aguiu and again the Imperial Ger
man government has given this govern
ment its no I inn assurance that at lenst
passenger snips would not be thus dei.t
with, and yet it has again and nguri
permitted its undersea conmanders :
disregard those assurances with eutirj
impunity. Great liners like the Lusi
tania and Arabic and mere ferry boat.
like the Sussex have been attacked
without a moment's warning, sometimes
before they had even become aware
that they were in the presence of an
armed vessel of the enemy and the lives
of non-combatants, pajjciigais an'!
crews have been sacrificed nholeii-, in
a mnnner which the gove nment of the
United States cannot but regard nt
wnnton and without tie ji;ht" color
or justification. No limit of any kind,
has in fact been set to the indiscrimi-
(Continued oa Pag Tare.)
FELIX DIAZ IY
start Another
I
Financial Interests Favoring
Intervention Said To Be
Backing It
DIAZ SAID TO BE HIDING
IN EASTERN MEXICO
Carranzistas Insist Confirma
tion of Villas Death Will
Soon Be Had
MEXICO MAKES "DEMAND"
Mexico City, April 19. Am-
bassador Arredondo in Washing-
too has been instructed to do-
mand withdrawal of the Amor-
ienn expedition from Mexico on
the ground that the Villistas
have been completely broken up,
it was officially stated todnv.
"
It was not indicated whether
new demands had been made or
whether this was merely the of-
ficial interpretation of the re-
ceint C'arrnnzn request.
.
- By E. T. Conkle.
(United Press staff correspondent.)
Kl PnsnTesns, April 19. (Vhilo the
American expedition hunting Francisco
Villa halted awaiting confirmation of
his reported death or waiting for rein
forcements to ennble it to purtisuo the
chase safely, the revolt of Felix Diaz
again raised its head today.
Secret service agents are investigat
ing reports that a Diaz revolution was
being perfected at border points nnd
that it would break out imemdintcly
after the withdniwnl of the American
expedition. Finnneinl interests fnvor
ing intervention in Mexico were report
ed ready to back the new movement if
the expedition's operations did not re
sult in intervention. Department of jus
tice operations were trying to run
down definite clews which might lead
to the instigators.
Diaz is understood to be hiding in
the eastern part of Mexico but lie i.
said to be in touch with his followers
here nnd nbroad. The movement In
which he is interested was temporarily
suspended, it is declared, when tho Am
erican expedition entered Mexico.
Carranzistas at Juarez, disregarding
the ridicule of American officials at Kl
Paso still insist that they expect con
firmation of Villa's reported death nnd
burinl before night. Americans have
prncticallv discarded the theory that
Villa is dead.
Scott to Visit Punston.
Washington, April 19. Genernl Hugh
MEXICAN KtVOL
FULL TEXT OF NOTE AS
SENT GERMANY TODA Y
Washington, April 19. "Unless the
Imperial, German government should
now immediately declare and effect an
abandonment of its present methods
of .submurino warfare against passen
ger and freight carrying vessels the
government of the United States can
have no choico but sever diplomatic re
lations with the German empire alto
gether." This is the ilVmnnd of the note given
to Germany given out this afternoon
by the state department. The note fol
lows: "Secretary of State to Ambassador
Gerard:
"You are instructed to deliver to the
secretary of foreign affairs a communi
cation rending as follows:
"I did not fail to rransmit immedi
ately by telcgrnph to my government
your excellency's note of the tenth in
stant in regard to certain attacks by
German submarines and particularly in
regard to the disastrous explosion which
on March 21 last wrecked the French
steamship Sussex in the Knglish chan
nel. I have now tho honor to deliver,
under instructions from my government
the following rrply to your excellency:
"Information now in the possession
of the government of the United btntcs
fully establishes the facts in the ease
of the Sussex and the inferences which
my government has drawn from that
information it regards as confirmed by
the tiircumstBnces set 'forth in your ex
E
Bryan Running Behind Ticket
for Delegate to National
Convention
Oninha, Neb., April 19. Meagre re
turns from the Kebrashrn presidential
preference primary election ' today
showed that V. J. Bryan was running
behind the ticket ami had possibly been
beaten for delegate .it large to the
democratic national convention, llonry
Ford polled a good vote here nnd was
close to Senator Cummins in the state
balloting for the republican presidential
preferences. .Many inserted the nmno
of Justice Hughes on tac ballot.
I C. W. Bryan Runs WeU.
I Lincoln, Neb., April 19. Tho slow
ness of election returns in coming in
. tod.iv rendered the outcome of the Ne
braska preference primary rather un
certain. It will take several duys to
count tho ballots.
Keports that Henry Ford was leading
in the republican presidential prefer
ence vote proved unfounded because no
attempt is being made to tiilnUalo the
providential ballots, interest centering
on the senatorship and gubernatorial
'contests.
I Gilbert M. Hitchcock, democrat, is
running strong for the senatorship.
Keith Neville, C. V. Bryan's opponent,
appears to be making a formidable
fight for the gnvernship, but tlie Bryan
supporters s.iy that the country dis
tricts are yet to be heard from,
Market Dead While
Waiting For Message
New York, April 19. The New York
Kveuing Sun's financial review today
said:
"Wall street, in common with the en
.tire country, hung.- expectant upon
Washington today. After u sharp decline-h.id
carried many conspicuous is-
sues from two to four points lower, the
market recovered moderately. Then it
became dull, awaiting President Wil
son's message. The liquidation which
originated with Western Wire Houses
was heavy mid reflected first in Cru
ciblo Steel, Studeliaker Corporation,
I Butto .ind Superior, Goodrich Tire,
American Locomotive, then on through
the list.''
Scott, chief of -staff of the army, is
leaving tonight to spend several dnyi
with General Funston and canvass the
Mexican situation.
Secretary of War Baker requested
that Scott make the trip for the pur
pose of getting as accurate information
as may be possible for the use of tin
war department. General Funston re
mains in full charge of the American
expedition and retuins the full confi
deuce of the war department, Bnkei
said.
It is believed thnt General Scott 't
journey arises from disquieting reports
that General Funston forwarded bear
ing on the situation of Genernl l'crsh
ing's men around l'nrral.
The aonl visiting day yostorday at
the Washington junior nigh school was
a decided success, not only from the
standpoint of attendance and interest
the parents took in the children, but
nl so in the interest pupils had in show
ing wh.it they knew. The visitors' day
brought out about l"."i parents and other
relatives of the pupils.
cellency's note of the tenth instant. On
j the 2-1 th of March, 9l'i, at about 2:ui
'o'clock in the afternoon, the unarmed
I steamer Sussex with S'S.i or more pus
scugers on board( iimong whom were n
number of Americun citizens was tor
pedoed while crossing from Folkestone
to Dieppe. The Sussex had never been
armed; was a vessel known to be habitu
ally only for the conveyance of pas
scngcrs across the Fnglish channel, and
was not following the route tnken by
troop ships or supply Bhips. About hO
of her passengers, nod combatants of
nil ages and sexus, including citizens
of tho United States were killed or in
jured. "A careful, detailed and scruplously
i:n pui tiui investigation by nuval unu
military officers of the United States
his conclusively established tho fact
that tho t-ut sex was torpedoed without
warning or summons to surrender and
that the torpedo by which tho vessel
wis htiuck wus of German manufac
ture, la the view of the government of
the United States these facts from the
first mode the conclusion that the tor
pedo was filed by if German submarine
unavoidable. H now considers thnt con
clusion siil.rt-intil.ie '. by the statement:!
of vou excellency's cote. A full sta'r
I ment the factj upon which tho ft
eminent of the l.i'-ieo utates has bas.vJ
its coiicliifi'iii is enclosed.
(Continued on Payo Tcu.)
PRESIDENT ASKED
Tl
WHAT
E
Brilliant Crowd Hears Wil
son's Message to Congress
Anent Germany
STORM OF APPLAUSE
WHEN STATEMENT ENDS
Dead Silence Reigned As
Causes Leading To Act
Were Enumerated
Washington, April 19 A brilliant
audienco heard President Wilson's mes
sage to congress today regarding rela
tions with Ciermiuy. The diplomatic;
and cabinet galleries wero crowded and
few members or the houso and senate
failed to have their families present.
Long before the president arrived at
tho capital, crowds were jostling for
standing space iu the halls outside ths
gallery doors. Heprcsentativo Kchall,
tho blind Alinnesotan, was tho first
member, on the floor. ATter a pige hail
led him to ins sent, he sut in solitude
for more than liulf mi hour.
Congressmen, eager to learn the pres
ident's course, surrounded Representa
tives Flood and Cooper of the hous
foreign relations comiuitteo. Republi
cans criticised tho president for not
consulting the republicans until his
message to Germany had been dis
patched. Cooper expressed diss itisfac-
t ion at tho president's course in thi
respect.
To guard the executive, ovcry availa
ble member of the cnpitol police force
was on duty. They guarded every door,
and thoso witiiout tickets wero not ad
mitted.
The president was grave and earnest
as ho spoke. Members of congress and
thoso in tho crowded tileries scarcely
stirred until ho had finished. No ap
plause interrupted him.
A full minute utter he had ceased a
brief storm of applause broke, members
on the floor and the gnllery spectators
participating. A "rcncl yell," given,
when he entered the chamber, was not
repotted. At the noight ot the cheer
ing, President Wilson stepped from the
speaker's .plutfonn and depurted from
tho chamber. To entered uu automobile
and was driven directly to tho White
House.
The executive made no request ot
congress, lie simply fulfilled his prom
ise to advise congress in ease he took
action such as lie was reported to huve
ttken.
After the address, tho senators re
turned to their chamber and the house
resumed consideration of tiic agricul
tural bill.
"It was a hypocritical speech," said;
Representative Mann, "probably in
tend for cnmpuigii purposes. The pres
ident has been pro l.uglish all tlirougli
the controversy. I siid at the time ot
I lie Mel, colore resolution that the presi
dent wanted to get us into a war with.
Germany, and 1 sny the same t'iin
now."
" If tho contents of the message wore
io bo the basis fur a declaration of war
by congress, I would not vote for war,"
said Senitor Sherman.
"I don't believe Americans shouKt
travel on belligerent vessels," said Sen
ator Jones of Washington. " If they do
1 hope those travelers will be tho first
to enlist if wnr comes. The American
people would never approve war on the
grounds named. ' '
"Thero is nothing iu tiie message
lending to war," said Soiutor Chamber
lain. Germans interpreted tho president's
message not to request abandonment off
tlio submarine campaign. They tnoughr.
it called for guarantees similar to those
which Germany gave with regard to itsj
U-boat operations in the Mediterranean.
Germans believe that if the United.
States enters the war it will b pro
longed several years.
Germans Give Hint.
Washington, April 19. A broad inti-
(Continued on Pae Nine.)
: TIIE WEATHER :
I A CVC tOME J
Oregon: Fair
tonight and
Thursduy, heavy
frost tonight;
winds becoming
easterly.
flOTIUIlG. BUTTOLD
HE HAD DON