... FULL LEASED WIRE PISPATCHES I ?(: CIRCULATION IS OVER 4000 DAILY THDTY-EIGHTITYEAR . SALEM, OREGON, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 23, 1915 - PRICE TWO CENTS ffJggjgjS . . . . nmirniinn iiiimi i JAPANESE LINER All HANDS SAVED Yasaka Maru Torpedoed In Mediterranean No Warn ing Was Given FRENCH SHIP RESCUES PASSENGERS AND CREW Varna's Fate Still In Doubt- Germans Assembling Big . Army In Serbia I.onilou, Dm. 2;!. Sinking of the Jap unosc liner Yasuka Maru by a sub marine in tlie Mediterranean at n loss of over 5,0U0,u(i0 was claimed by the Telegraph today. Press reports said all aboard were mi red. uispuicues snui nearly jjuu persons nboard, including ono American, were rescued by a French warship and land ed yesterday at J'ort Knid. Agent claimed tho vessel was not warned. Tho ship remained afloat an bour, enabling passengers and crew to roncu the boats. This case is one of few instances in which all passengers aboard a liner, tor pedoed without warning, were saved. Ueporta said she. carried 50 women and dozen children, that they were till taken off without confusion, and that the lifeboats transferring nil to the warship met with no mishnp. The Yn paka Maru was a 0,789 ton vessel, built recently. Prepare to Invade Greece. Athens, Dee. 23 M. Oounaris or some other neutrality advocate will probably lie made Grecian premier touiiiht, ac cording to reportB todny. These stories went that Premier M. Skouloudis wishes to retire from his burdensome duties in favor of another younger mnn. Salonika messages reported the ecu- southern Weroia. Tins massing or teu ton enemies ia taken as foreshadowing, id the minds of allied authorities, an invasion of Greek soil within 10 days. Meantime, however, tho allies are do ing all in their power to make their aoreoses staunch against the expected ttttaCK. Fate of Varna In Doubt. Londou, Bee. 2.1. The fato of Vnr v.ti, Bulgarian Black sea port, is clouded today in conflicting reports. From sev eral sources come stories indicating the dace has been under heavy Russian bombardment. Reports that Varna had been captur ed by the Russians were disposed of tnus ly a retrograd message today. "Two Russian torpedo boats pursued a torpedo bont toward Varna. Bulgarian euore catteries forced them, to with draw." At the same time a Bucharest dis patch said 40 Russinn vessels, including mine sweepers, crept in close to Varna tinder a hen-vy curtain of fog and bom lmrded the city. Without mentioning my landing, the reports said that the Eussinn squndron rciurned to its base uoarby. Despite these statements the News printed an Athens dispatch saying the jcnssinns nnu landed Monday at Varna. English Bankers Appeal, London, Dee. 2.1, Every "man, wo man. Vnntli nn.l nmi.lmt' in ll..L:..l. dominions must aid in economy; they must see to it that production and cori luimptiou of nonessentials is halted; (Continued on Page Tour.) Abe Martin $ in kin alius bet when Lib Pash on a red table cloth she's goin' ien a con o' peaches. Stew Nu- oacK iroin in jeiiersonviiie re- a... 1 at. ...I. u. HI . enrer. Portland, Or., Dec. 23. The price of wheat struck the high est point of the season to date at Portland today when sup plies of Hluestem were firnilv held at $1.02 per bushel anil Fortv Fold nt $1.01. There is an unusually heavy demand for whent in the ' '-ior for ship ment to Eur el r rail to the Atlantic col o fiddle west millers are al vy bidders. c sjc sjc 3fc 5fc I ir hi Ship Load of Christmas Cheer On Way to England's Tommies In Trenches By Wilbur S. Forrest. (United Press Staff Correspondent.) London, Dec. 2.1. Three million pounds of "yo olde plum pudding," destined to tho "Tommies" on overv front and intended to ...mir a touch of gladness to their heart and stomach on Christmas are en route today. "Tho tniddintr nnecinl " ivlth Ifa vast, precious load of the traditional vulotide concoction inln wliiuli hn Tommies will plunge their teeth Sat urday, crossed tne channel today. Just ns carefully as a cargo of 'hiimnii freight was it. mnml,.,! A fnrt,,;,,i.f ago a cargo boat went Into the Dardan elles wim tnousn ads of tons of pudding each piece neatly packed in a strong tin box which canMie nspil nPtnrn-nr.l for hnad grenades. Other steamers. carefully timed, ore carrying the pud ding of soldiers in Mesopotamia, Af rica, India, and the Balkans, and to King George's men o' war. Ol'imni.ntinnH nnil nnuGimiiAyn nia,1 1."0,000 to see that Toiniup is well uuiirisuci on me merne l nristmas. Federal Official Says Indict ments Coyer Only Fraction of Known Offenses San Francisco. Dec ri r,..rt t... ... , .,, ,,lwlv muii a score of subpoenas were put in the ultima oi process servers today for ser vice on witnesses wanted to appear be fore the federal grund jury and tell what tliev know nf (tin nl'lnon.l .,.,..: aey against American neutrality now being probed here. It is intiintaed by vuvrni omciui mat more startling and unexnecteil chnruaa mill l.n In 1.1 .. . il... doors of C. C. Crowley, detective; Bar on Von Brineken, German consular at- iniiiB, unu wrs. Margaret Cornell, n friend of Crowley. A high federal official stated that the accusations mado in the grand jurv indictments against the trio refer to but a fraction of the fresh evidence now in the hands of th fed in-ill nntli. orities. Moro subnoenna will ha l u .. investigation of the steamer Maverick which wns suspected of conspiring to WVIIMU HIMI 11 UMl y, it is lllliterHtnnil tlm nut,,-., ,..... :tl bo brought here to tell the grund jury uiium iiiD mystery snip s operations in the Pacific during tho early stnges of the war before the German Pacific fleet wns destroyed. - Federal olficials point out that Con sul Bonn, head nf tlm C.inmm ,,,.. late ill Sun Francisco has refrained lrom discussing the cose and has made no further charges of pro-ally sympa thies on tho part of federal authorities. It is intimated that Hopp hus received instructions from Washington to cease the discussion, Von Koolbergen Wanted. San Prniniin linn "'t Tl.. tlOll 111 the cases nuninyt U .. BriiickeiivC. V. Crowley and Mrs. Mur gnret Cornell want " Count " Von Kool bergen, now under arrest in Canndu us u ifuvernniiMit wiiiienu U. i,.i,.,i,..A known today. Efforts are being made in uuxe ..,naiin send ii i in Here. Mrs. Cornell ' nil III'llllV tt'iiCA allilA.l to seek dismissal of two charge against her. Glendale Land Owner Killed by His Agent Glendale. Oil., Dec 5.1 n,.rf pi,.i,. ardson, wealthy Glendale land owner, was snot to aeutii toduy liy Frnuk Miz ner at the entrance of Forest Lawn cemetery, After the sliooting, Mimer, who Is ogent for Richardson's property, fled to his home and threatened to kill any one apprcinchlng. Wen the house wiis surrounded by Olemlnle police, ho fired at it three times, Mir.ner came out niul surrendered. Ho wns turned over to Sheriff Cllne ond removed to l.os Angeles. At first Mizner refused to tell the circumstances or assign a motive, but the quarrel was believed to have, been 1 MANIFESTO SAYS KAISER MUST FAIL Campaign Waged to "Satisfy Insatiable Greed of Prus sian Conspirators'' WAR IS NOT WAGED IN DEFENSE OF GERMANY No Peace Until Kaiser Is De posed and Conspirators Executed Rotterdam, Dec. 2.1. Germans were ailed upon to quit the trenches and to depose the kaiser "from tho throne h has fouled," by n Christinas manifesto, issued by "tho German humanity league" todn(v. 1'ho document was signed by Karl Bernstein and nine oth ers. ' In unsparing terms, the manifesto. said: 'On the eve of Cliristmna bloodstained niortarchs are exchanging nuHKiKrH oi peace nnu good will with the sovereign pontiff at Rome, our bravo soldiers arc still shedding their lifo blood as nawns nf a rniMim clique, without Hharno or pity for the wiuows anu orpnniiH or the fatherland. Our homes are still boing desolated. "This campaign is not waged in law ful defense of Germany, but instead to satisfy an insatiable and savage greed of Prussian conspirators. "Today the German name is n scorn to civilization. The German fl n nr li n become nn emblem of infamy. Ger man chivalry is buried in the trenches in jMiimtors nn.l in the grave plots of Belgium villages. We are loathed by all honest men. "Napoleon failed. The kaiser must fail. There can bo no peace until he is deposed from the throne he has fouled and his fellow conspirators hnvo met their fate at tho hands of the execu tioner," Dope Was To Be Used To Bunco Den Owners Pan Frnncisco, I)ee. 2.1. That own ers of a string of opium dens being es tablished in Tia Juann. Moxi ' ' . .. uu.c uci'i vii'iiinn oi a million dollar bunco game worked through the sale to them of the cariro of fake oninm ei,l a few days ago by federal officers aboard tho Japanese liner Beiyo Maru, wns the statement today of Louis Zeh. oi me muio uoard or pharmacy. Own era. of dens bcin- onened in the Meii can town have been closely watched by inapcciors oi tne uoarn, who say the fake cargo was destined for them. "Tho tins seized bv the federal In- spectors contained not glucose, but mo lasses, tinged with a bit of ipiuui," said Zeh today. "Certain Japanese intoreHts were en gineering the deal. The Make dope' was to hnvo been turned over to the proprietors ot tho new opium dens, luses oi uie rem oopo' Deing mixed in now und then to irivo credencn tn the claim that it was nil opium." Ferry Boats Collide In San Francisco Bay ciin rrnnciscn. nee. l. in n hnnt-v log which mnntled San Frnnciscn Imv early today and delayed thousands of commuters, the ferries Piedmont ami Santa Cairn narrowly averted a col lision. Quick action' ly the captains probably saved one or' both steamer lrom sinking. Only when within n few vnr.ln nf each other, wnro tho two vessels siowed down, nnd the Snntn Clara met the Piedmont's bow amidsiiins. The Pie.l. innnt struck tho Santa (,'lnrn n IT III lie! II sT blow. Many women aboard wore thrown into a senil-unnic, for n few and the passengers rushed to the rear of the vessels, brncing thenielves for an expected shock, The Piedmont narrowly escaped col liding with the steamer' Thoroughfare on the previous trip. Four steamers were lost for a few minutes iu the mnze of fog in the snmo vicinity. The fog on t "no Imv was one'of the heaviest in years. Thousands of com muters were late In nrrivinir nt. nfficn and workshops. At nenicln tho trnin steamer Solano from Port Costa bumped into the pier in landing, doing 15,(100 damage to the piling. The boat escaped with slight dainnge, MIRISTMAS ROOK PILE rortlnnd,' Ore., Dee. 2.1. A munid pnl rock pile will be the Chrlc.tmns present of the city of Pnrtlund to the unemployed. Tlie'instltution will open Monday. Breaking half a yard of rock will entitle a man to thrco meals, a bed nnd tobacco. over business affairs. Kirhnnlson was well known through out southern California. Ho hnd lari!c sums Invested in many important realty projects, : Hot Springs, Va., Dec. 2.1. Snow kept President and Mrs. Wilson indoors today, so the ex ecutive cleaned up a' mass of of ficial business. Despite the bad venther, the couple planned tj take a ride or walk this af-er-noon. Newspaper comments on their wedding and editorials on the international situation com manded part of tho president's attention. Guests nt the president's ho tel are endeavoring to persuade the couple to participate in a Christmas celebration. PEACE DOVE LIGHTS Villista Leaders Flock to Car- ranzista Standards Villa Headed for New Orleans Kl-Paso, Texas, Dec. 2.1. Peace In war-shattered North Mexico seemed to day nt hand. Villista leaders flocked to the Carranzista standards seeing in signing of peaee terms no hope for continuance of their campaign. Chihuahua is reported in the hands of Carranzistas. Firm control of Juar ez by the same forces is anticipated at an early date. No further reports of rioting came from there. Meantime, reports hinted that Villa is heading for America for refuge. Sev eral Villista leaders are said to have been given commissions in tho Carran zista army, notably General Ochoa, who had nt first declined to agree to peace terms arranged a few days ago just across the border. On Way to New Orleans. New Orleans, La., l)ec. 2.1. General Villa's wife had a message from him today saying he would be here this nf ternoon. She expects to spend Christ mas with uim here. His Brother Arrested. -San Antonio, Texas, Dee. 21. Col onel Hipolito Villa, brother of General Francisco Villa, is under arrest here today on a charge of swindling, pre ferred by El Paso authorities. Where Is Villa? Washington. Dec. 23. General Villa is in the Chihuahua mountains, accord ing to state department advices today. He has boen variously reported in press dispatches as In r.l Paso, as heading for rtew urleaus, and as preparing to flee to American officials' protection.. WAS ONLY EXPERIMENT His Friends Trying To Con - ' O m " vince Him the Whole Coun- try Demands He Run New York, Dec. 23. The boom for Colonel Roosevelt for president was projected to see how it would "take" in tho opinion of severul republican national committeemen and lenders meeting todny with Chnirmnn Hilles of the republican national committee. Committeeman Spies of New Mexico, does not believe that Roosevelt him self is trying to obtain the nomina tion! Cameron of Arizona, said the col onel's friends nre trying to convince him against his will that tho country is dfmiandiug him. Cameron opined that a "dark horse'" perhaps will Ii nominated. . The committeemen hero do not favor Roosevelt, though they suid there Is no significance in the fact that the col onel's opponents, are conferring. Name May Be On Ballot. Minneapolis, Dec. 2.1. Colonel Roose velt's nnmo may appear on the republi can primary ballot in Minnesota, ns friends toduy nre making a movement to this end, following Root's refusal to go on the ticket. Root's letter said; "I am not a can- diilnte for the nomination in any sense, and 1 am unwilling to have my nnnir used. If it is lined I shall insist that it be withdrawn." - t - Stocks All Stronger In Spite of Christmas (Copyright 1015 by the New York Kveniug Post.) New York, Dec. 21. On a volume of business larger than wns expected in view of the nearness of the Christmas recess, prices rose on tho stock ex change today. Copper shares led bo- ause of an Improved nictnl market. Copper was over 20.3 cents which cipinls ihe highest mark since early in i in i , . Steel common was a. point above yes terday 's figure, and miscellaneous war shares were mostly higher. Railroads moved spiritedly only in the closing hour despite accumulating ovldonca of their, remarkable prosperity. a i iinivian i viioiii aiuivi nc t iiiuiuii i iu i AND S. S. Ift'ME it Ul Ford Also Quits Ship As It Proceeds With Balance of Party to Stockhom CABINET MEMBER SAYS MOVE MADE TOO EARLY Detroiter Worried by Bicker ings In Dove Cote Forced to Take Rest By Charles P. Stewart. (United Press Staff Correspondent.) Ciiristinnin, Dec. 23. The where abouts of Henry Ford, dreamer of the ilream of getting Europe's warriors out of the trenches by Christmas, was un known today. His party had gone on to Stockholm in furtherance of their pence mission; S. S. McClure, New York publisher and Governor Hnnna. of North Dakota, irre leaving to tour ueingerent countries. Physicians explained Ford s absence with the statement that his illness made it necessary for him to detatch himself from the remainder of the ex pedition in order to obtain rest. Wheth er he went on to Stockholm, or immedi ately followed the delegates was not learned. Where the Detroiter had been bom barded with ridicule and coolly receiv ed, a new sentiment sprung up today; he was even mentioned for the Noble peace prize, Norwegian pence advocates did not accompany the party to Stockholm, and they objected to separate an nouncement of their names iu connec tion with the peace expedition. Heure, there will not be made public until del egations have been obtained from all the European neutral nntions. A Norwegian cabinet member said today that tho time is not ripe for peace, and he told Mme. Sehwimmer, who proposed the peace cruise that a spring pence movement would be use less. Sloreover, he declared that even if President Wilson asked Norway to join peace move, she would not act un til she had conferred with Denmark nnd Sweden and the trio had agreed to act as a unit In nny move for peace. An instance of how liberally Ford is spending his money on the peace ex pedition came to. light today with in formation that he is reimbursing Judge Ben Lindsey of Denver, for sac rificing a lecture tour. fm7 In Relations, Remote . '""k'o". ic. ss.-uss nPPre. heilSllin Of lirenk in rt lilnmnli,. ruin. JLztl KlVJSXZJ."" M With the American Anemia rejoinder dispatched, and officially reported re ceived at Vienna at fl o'clock Tuesday night, a "cooling off" wait is ex pected. Unofficial reports said that Foreign Minister Buriiin niny go to Berlin to confer with German authorities before muking his answer; nt any rate, Ger mun influence is expected to be in favor of Amerca. Amsterdam, Dec. 2.1. Vienna was re ported today ns pleased over the tone of the American Anemia rejoinder, and upplnuding its conciliatory tone. Paul Koenie Indicted For Welland Canal Plot 3 New York, Dee. 21. Paul Koenig, re- puted head of tho German secret serv ice iu this country, wns Indicted by the federal grand jurv today in connection with the alleged plot to blast the Wei laud rannl, while Richard Lvcinlcckor and F.dmiind Justice, said to be his col leagues, wcro indicted on chnrges of complicity in Teutonic activities. Two indictments were returned against Koenig, technically charging that he attempted a military expedition against a irimmiy power, wno, ei arge oniiection with the alleged Wetland plot; the other thnt he sent Justice on.l, Frederick Metzlor to Quebec to spy on transports ami destroy thnin If possible, leveiiilecker wns charged with par ticipation In the Alleged Wetland plot. Met.ler who confessed, wns not Indict ed. Nn hearing will be held before the Christmas recess, JUST "GILBERT"; THAT'S ALL Prattle, Wash., Dee. 2.1. "Gilbert," nn unknown man who committed sui cide by gits in a rooming house here yesterday had not been identified to day, lie destroyed every menus of identification with the possible excep tion of n new derby hut bought in Portland and a tJiotogrnph nf n girl bearing tho autograph, "From Mae to bearing tno autograph, "rroi Gilbert, with fondest love," ABANDON PARTY North Clarendon, Vt., Dec. 2.1. W. L. Plumley owns a tree climbing freak pug-bull dog. The animal is three years old. Sometimes he sleeps in tree branches 20 ' feet above the ground and has been known to , ascend 32 feet. Veterinarians who examined his feet were un able to, explain how he grips a tree trunk, except that the nnils, more pointed than those of an ordinary canine, may help1. Open Declaration of War Against Monarchy May Be Made Public Today San Frnncisco, Dec. 2.1. An open declaration of warfare ngiiiiiBt Yuan Shi Kai in China was expected at any time today by local Chinese, following cable advices that one of the most pop ular governors iu the country had re signed, because of Yuan's assumption of the imperinl titlo. The immediate execution of Yong Doo intimate friends of tho emporor and a number of his associates, who have been working for the monarchy, was demnuded by generals In charge of tho garrison nt Yunnan and Kwei Chow, Chinese revolutionists may gain aid within this country from Sun Fo, son of Dr. Sun Ynt Sen, once provisional president of China and himself a revo lutionist. Tho former president's son, now a student at the University of California, showed that he is strictly against the change to a monarchy when ho address ed the League for Home Rulo in Taxa tion. Tho monarchy, he claimed, Is not rep resentatives of. the Chinese peoplo'a sentiment; the election which over threw the republic ho branded as ji farce, in which only a smnll portion of Chinese participated. The meeting adopted a resolution calling on President Wilson not to recognizo the monarchy. THE SCHMIDT TRIAL Some of Prosecution's Evi dence Proved False by Reliable Witnesses Los Angeles, Cab, Dec. 2.1. Tho do fense in the M. A. Schmidt murder trial scored heavily todny, when U. F, Grow, chairman of tho general striko committee miring tne Aiotal iru.lo strike in 1910, testifieil that not a dol lar of tho money received by tho com mittee was expended for nny other pur pose but tho relief of distress among tho strikers. His testimony contradicts evidence introduced by tho prusocution tending tn show that the thousand dollars con tributed by tho National Structural Iron Workers union was paid to Capluu and Schmidt. A detailed report of the striko com mittee npuroveil bv all the members of thnt body was entered as evidence, af ter ucing iiieniiueii iy urow. He said it was a full ami comploto report of tho moneys received nnd paid out by the committee during tho strike. Alfred niul Homer .lolinniisen, sons of Anton Joliiinnsen testified that they were with tneir tuther und mother and spent wo weeks the latter part of July, lIHO, in Veuico. They donloil Ihllt Ki'hmiill VIHitcil Ihnii- Iwtitui iliirlmr that time, either alone or accompanied oy it .Mrs. lung. I'-ll wns brought out In tho testimony of Mis. Mario Upton that Cuplau had not made the statement that he had to n i a lie a Into train to Los Angeles the night before the Times building was al leged to hnvo been dynamited. Sim testified that un tho niuht In question she and hor husband, George iptou, spent the evening at Tho I'hiites, San Frnncisco, with Schmidt, aplun, Mr. and Mrs. Joliiinnsen nnd T,, - H. .i,,,,,,,,, ',,!., n, ii,, .i,. i, ...,. l,.ve the party early to catch a train. ror Los Angeles. Made Strong Point. Los Angeles, Cnl., Dec, 21 Stop by step, the det'enso in the M. A. Hchmidt murder trial today proceeded with its work of trying to shatter in detail ilho carefully constructed prosecution case tending to connect Hcliniidt with tiie Times building dynamiting hero. Ono of the hardest blows nt the states mass of circumstantial evldenco was struck when A. I). Iliirrows of (Ink land, owner of the launch I'nstune, tes tified Hchtnidt was not the man who rented tho boat from him shortly be fore the Times wns blown up. The slate Hums c n in 1 1 t rented the launch and used It to transport dynnmlto from Giant, Culiforiiia, to Los Angoles. ... ULIIII1IIII I III BIL1I1j1 TAX Oil 1IES - .. T T Germany's Treasurer Says Taxes After the War Will Be "Colossal" APPARENTLY ABANDONS HOPE OF INDEMNITY Income Tax But Intimation of Frightful Load Which Coun-. try Must Carry By J. W. T. Maaon. (Writton for tho United Press.) Now York, Dec. 23. The first im portant new German taxation aince the war started is the increase of 20 per cent in the income tai levied agnii- tho grand duchy of Baden. Other states have announced their intention of laying similur taxes, while the im perial government is preparing likewise to meet tho burdens entailed by tho war. When tho examulo of Badon snrcads throughout the empire, then the Ger mans will come to tho full realizatior how seriously the wnr will affect the pocketbooks of future generations. And, this realization is likely to have its effect on tho outcome. Dr. Karl Holfferich. director of Oer- that war taxes shrdlu un un nn nnunn many 'a finances, who once declared that war taxes would be unnecessary in Germany because her enemies would pay indemnities, admitted in the reic.h stag this week, that despite nossiblo indemnities, tuxes after the war will bo "colossal." . Ilia declaration indicated that Ger many ia not now so confident as she ; once wns that her enemies would foot her war bill. In it, lies one of the hopes of shortening hostilities, for a. demand for Indemnities always means that B nation will continue to fight more fiercely thnn for almost any oth er reason. If Germany U losing hope of getting an indemnity, then there will bo somewhat less reason, perhaps, for tho allies continuing their efforts to the bitter end. The Income tnxes laid by the state are only an intimation of the fightful" load that tho reichstng eventually must saddle upon Gormnny as a whole this load becomes a realisation, early enough Gormnny may balk at having to boar it. Blames Ragtime Music Not Those Who Dance To It Sncrnmeno, Cab, Dec. 23. "Rug ging" is awful but the young folks who "rag" ure not so much to blame. It's tho music. Thcso aro the views expressed today by Dr. Margaret Hcliallcnbergnr Mc Naught, stato commissioner of element ary schools. Bho characterizes ragtime music as coarso and degrading and admits that young folks aro quite unable to "make their feet hehnvn" when ragtime musie is played and tho rhythm such as it is gives riso to syncopated movements that Dr. McNnught calls terrible. "Dancing is here to stay," she says, "wo can't force it out but the objec tionable fenturcs should ho eliminated. This can best be done not by continu ally harping nbout it but by substitut ing higher ideals art, grace, high grndo miiHic nnd so forth." Logging Dam Breaks Centralia Flooded Contrnlia, Wash., Dec. 21. Heavy rains and high water in tho Bkookum ibui'k river caused the Hucoda Logging company's dam tn break and Centralia in inundated todny. Persons nro going to nnd from work on rudely constructed rafts and iu boats. Tho town of Vnder Is nlso flooded. Tho I'ncitie highway between n trulin and Chelinlis has been closed, ow ing to land slides, At Kelso, tho Cowlita river Is 13 feet abovo low wntnr nnd still rising. J THE WEATHER : SOIOOT-N 0 Oregon i Fair to Sjyt night, cooler ex cept near to me const; and Fri day fair; north westerly winds. INHPEREH