PAGE TWO
DAILY CAPITAL JOURNAL, SALEM, OREGON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 1, 1010
m
Wew and Better IncandesM
cent Lamps
Troy, N. Y., Times.
The wholo world applauded when Thomas A.
Edison, after working steadily three days and two.
nights to mako a filament for his first incandes
cent lamp, proved that tho small electric light was
posslblo and could bo made for a prico within
reach of all. Since that wondorful day, now near
ly twenty-flvo yenrs ago, many noteworthy im
provements have been made in electric machinery
of all kinds and a great many changes for tho bet
ter have takon place in the incandlescant lamp,
making It cheaper and more economical. Today
tho lncandescant lamp is ono of tho most common
things In this electric age and although tho pro
cess of manufacture has bven so perfected that
they cost but a few cents each, tho total value of
last year's output In this country is estimated by
the census buroau as over $7,000,000.
"When the first lncandescant lamp was intro
duced to tho public it was a clumsy, expensive and
Inefficient affair compared with tho lamps of to
day. Those first lamps contained, about thirty
times as much costly platinum wire as tho pres
ent types, as tho platinum rcad-ln wires to tho
glas3 bulb weru unnecessnrily long and heavy.
Tho exhausting of tho air from tho bulb In those
days cost more than tho entire lamp does today.
In 1882, and for years after, tho glass blubs wero
blown by hand labor. Lately they are produced
to a cortuln extent by mechanical means at less
than 10 per cont. of tho former cost. Even tho
testing of tho finished lamps is done for less than
one-tenth of the original expense.
Tho wiro-llko filaments In tho first incandes
cent lamps wore mado of thin strips of carbonized
papor or bamboo. At a very early stage cellulose
material replaced theso dellcato and short-lived
conductors. Such lamps of sixteen candlo-power
bIzo require about 50 watts of electrical power to
attain their full efficiency. This current consump
tion has recently beon reduced by half In -commercial
lamps of practically thV same type.
In perfecting tho incandescent lamp tho scien
tists and inventors are always trying to secure
higher candlo-powor with less consumption of cur
rent and moro light with less energy wasted in
heat. Ono of tho latest improvements In tho car
bon filament lamp is tho "gem" unit with what is
known as a "motallzod" filament, although It con
tains no metal. This lamp consumes only 2.5
watts lifer candle-power against 3.1 to 3.8 for tho
older typo. Tho filament In this now lamp is im
proved and strengthened by baking it in an elec
tric furnaco nt a tomporaturo of 3,700 degrees
Centigrade. Tho result Is tho production of an
exceedingly pure form of carbon having greater
donBlty and lower specific resistance than tho older
filament. .
Porhnps tho most noteworthy advancement In
Incandoscont lighting was tho Introduction, a few
months ago, of tho now metal filament lamps. In
Progress Leads to Perfection
n . -J
' ' ' - I ;
-'ft'
' THE INTRODUCTION OF THE
G.E. Tungsten
Marks the greatest progress in electric lighting since
theipyention of the incandescent lamp
Jlsk us about it to-day
Portland Railway, Light and Power Company
Willamette Valley Division
Commercial and State Sts., Salem, Oregon
;tho early experiments metals which could stand
reasonably high tomperatures without molting,
such as platinum, wero tried but they broke down,
or molted, before they attained the results of oven
"a good carbon lamp. Experiments were continued
along these lines utilizing several rare metals
then slightly known but never lexisting in pure
form. Tho first success was to the credit of Ger--inan
electrical and metallurgical experts. Several
years ago, adting -on tho prlnciplo as a starting
point that tho light from atu Incandescent lamp
filament increases progressively with tho tempera
ture of tho filament, elaborate experiments wero
begun In Germany to discover a metal that would
withstand a much higher temperature than car
bon. After the rare metal tantalum was produced
in its pure form It was found to give most satis
mactory results.
The chemical properties of tantalum are very
remarkable. It is very hard and only recently
has it been successfully drawn into wire. When
cold it resists the action of the strongest acids.
Tho filament In a tantalum lamp Is about fifteen
Inches long looped many times on a spider sup
port. As tho filament becomes soft when heated
to Incandescence it must be anchored at both ends
of the loops. The bulb contains a glassy rod with
platinum wires at the end and midway upon which
the' tantalum wire is looped. These lamps require
only two watts per caudle-power against 3.1 in
the ordinary lamps. This gives the man whoso
house is lighted by electricity a third more light
for tho same amount of money.
Tho latest and most valuable development In
the incandescent lamp field is the new tungsten
lamp. These lamps are made from still another
raro metal known as tungsten. It Is also a Ger
man discovery which was subsequently purchased
by the General Elostric Company and developed
to Its present state of usefulness. This lamp con
sumes only 1 to 1.5 watts per candle-powter, a
saving of more than two-thirds in current con
sumed in the ordinary lamps. This wonderful
economy is best shown by stating that with tung
sten lamps substituted for tho common incandes
cent lamps in a house lighted by electricity tho
result would be three times as much light for tho
same amount of current and the same amount of
cost.
The fundamental value of tungsten as a lamp
filament lies In its wonderfully high melting point.
It is almost impossible to melt this metal. As a
metal, as we understand the word, tungsten is
practically unknown. It cannot be mado Into in
gots, bar or wire. In its Usual refined form It ap
pears as a fine, steel-bluo powder. Because It
cannot be drawn into wire the lamp filaments
from the metal have to made in a roundabout way.
Tho powder is mixed with an adhesive paste and
squirted through a die in a fine thread. This
"thread" is baked in an electric oven at a high
temperature until the particles of tungsten are
practically welded together. The filament is then
looped and anchored in the bulb nearly the same
way as In the tantalum lamp.
Thb fact that experiments and discoveries with
in the past few months have resulted in new in
candescent lamps which produce two and threo
times as much light for the same cost is very en
couraging to those who enjoy electric lights. What
the future will bring forth is, of course, merely
speculation, but there are those among tho world's
leading inventors who say that the lncandescant
lamp is still a long way from the perfection it will
attain in the next few years to come.
Salem's Largest Whosesale
Grocery House
Tho business of II. S. Gilo & Com
pany, wholesale grocors, was organ
ized nt Salem In 189G. It was lo
catod In tho Stato Iusurauco build
ing, nnd nocossarlly tho boglnulng In
making Salom a distributing nnd
Jobing contor for groceries and
grcon and dried fruits woro small.
In 1000 tho firm moved into tho
largo Wallnoo warohouso, corner of
High and Trndo stroots. This yonr
tin addition In tho sh.apo of a flro
proof building 40x1)0, with throo
floors hna boon nddod, nnd tho total
sales will probably surpass tho halt
million mark. Tho firm hoops threo
tmlwunen on the road and has a
vory largo buHhiMg In tho Capital
City. In tho lino or ennnod goods,
which aro handled In carload lots.,
most of tho pack Is put up under
tholr own labols. In tlu drlod fruit
trmlo this firm hns largo evaporators
at Nowburg and Itosoburg. Thoy
havo ovorcomo nil dlfllcultlos in
luiildlng up u largo wholasnlo trade.
Thoy have demonstrated that Salom
has water nnd rallrond transporta
tion and really pomhmsm marked
advantage for reaching the terri
tory of Western Oregon in the
oheapeat ami most expeditious man
nor. Ily erecting platforms on tho
South )de ailu & Company will
Mill further oxtond their plant, the
floor Hpitoe of which now covers sev
eral acree. TUWr handsome now
office will bo thrown open this Now
Year'8 Day, when thoy oxpoct to re
colvo many of their friends In tholr
new qiiBrtora.
Starr Oil Company Building
Up a Good Trade at Salem
C. O. Lewis, manager of tho Starr
Oil Company begun to deliver oil
aud gasoline to romldencoa nnd busi
ness places In Salem InBt Juno nnd
todny o hns over live hundrod ous.
tumors, nnd also nil kinds of guso
Hno and naptlm. Tho quality of his
Btock is as reprownted nnd tho
goods nro perfectly clean, nnd all
his customers who have given tho
matter a good trial say thoy got
butter oil from him than they do
anywhere also, It la a common ox
predion from hia ollettfa to hoar
thom Hy: ''Tltls is no much better
than any of tho storw sell" and thai
in tho romurk that Mr. Lewie works
hard to set lite ouatoinurs to make,
nnd tho suoceea of hia buslnew
proves that he is making good.
Salem Growth as Shown by
Statistics
Number of banks and amount of
doposlts, threx banks Nov. 1, 1909;
1908, $2,780,909.91; 1909, $3,398,
213.71; lncronso, $617,303.80.
Vnluo of civic Improvements
1908, $1, 004, 400; 1909, $2,008,755;
Increase, $1,004,355.
Miles of stroots paved ami con
croto sldownlks laid 1G.542 Hn. ft.
of pavement cost $242,235; 10,200
Hn. ft. concroCo sidewalk, $9,720,
1909, $251,955.
Postal receipts, (loss extraordinary
Itoms 1908, 43.G53; 1909, $48,
000.00. Land sales (estimated) 1908,
$r,000,000; 1909, $3,000,000; ln
cronso, $2,000,000.
Fifty Years Continuous Record
in the Meat Business
Three generations havo been iden
tified with tho Cross Meat Market
business In this city. Tho founder
was Thomas Cross, who was suc
ceeded by Edwin C. Cross in 1S84,
and In 1907 tho firm nnmo was
changed to E. C. Cross & Son. Tho
founder, Thomns Cross, took up tho
butcher business when Salom was a
moro village, and today tho firm is
conducting a modern metropolitan
markot in a city of 20,000 people.
E. C. Cross & Son hnvo just put
In n comploto sot of nlcklo plated
motnl racks, with walls and ceilings
finished in whlto onnmol. Tho re
frigeration and manufacturing de
partment have been (enlarged, Im
proved, and rendered perfectly sani
tary in every respect.
As has beon their custom for
many years tho proprietors of tho
Cross market havo had on exhibition
during tho past week their annual
display of Xmas beef. This beef is
from tho full blooded Hereford herd
from tho A. M. Gilbert ranch In
Polk county. Theso prize steers are
especially fattened for tho Cross
markot and dress from 850 to 1,000
pounds. It Is n tradition with tho
old first families of tho Capital City
to havo a prime roast from Cross's
Xmas beef every year and the
choice cuts always go off at fancy
prices. Tho people of Salom aro
justly proud of tho pioneer marfket
that has been maintained In their
midst for half a century.
Building Up Fine Family Mar
ket in the Capital of Oregon
That is what P. W. Reyelts is do
ing in the city of Salem.
Ho was born in Iowa, and is now
36 yoars old. Ho was first employed
In tho Kurz & Steusloff Bros, mar
kets, but started a shop of his own
at No. 173 Commercial street. He
has gradually enlarged it until ho
Is now employing four people and
his business is making a constant
and steady growth, and ho Is enjoy
ing a vory niao class of trade.
Mr. Iteyelts has his own slaughter
house, renders his own lard and has
the latest and up-to-date machinery
for chopping meat and making sau
sages. His telephone is number 370.
Willamette University, Salem, Oregon
Kntou Hall.
Do You WantPower?n in Willamette University
Strong Courses
Strong Faculty
Idea! Location
Great Library Privileges
Popular Home Industry Built
Up by a Popular Man
A. Huckestien landed in Salem
August 10, 1889. Ho is a native
of the grand old Keystone Stato of
Pennsylvania, and has recently been
elected alderman from a Republican
ward, a great distinction when it is
considered that ho is a stalwart
Democrat and was chosen moro on
account of his progressive princi
ples and sturdy integrity, than for
any political reasons. Mr. Huckes
tlten is also one of tho trustees of
Salem -Hospital.
Mr. Huclcestoln's record In tho ci
gar industry started with his golrtg
to work himself at the trado im
mediately upon arriving In this
city as a young man twenty years
ago. The first brand he put on the
market was tho now famous "La
Corona," and ho has been manufac
turing them ever since, with a con
stantly Increasing demand for this
first-class handmade seed and Hava
na. It Is -considered, In the opinion
of the best judges, year in and year
out, as tho most satisfactory ten
cont cigar on the market; also tho
Flor De Ella. His "Tashmoo," a.
two for twenty-flvo cents cigar, is
also stoadlly winning fame and pop
ularity, and his "Bon Ton" 5 cent
cigar besides other brands. Tho
Salom Cigar Factory employs about
nlno mon, Mr. Huckostein selects nil
his stock personally, makos a full
hand at tho workbench every day In
tho year when his business or pub
lic duties do not call him away. Ho
enters upon his official duties in tho
city govornmont today, and will
prohnbly put a now brand of cigar
on tho markot with a handsomo la
bel, "The Alderman."
Long Record of Well Known
Salem Undertaker
Mr. A. M. Clough, undertaker and
graduate ombalmor, 455 Court St.,
qamo to Salom May 2, 1876, and
whethor In honor of his arrival or
not, tho Snlem Woolen Mills, then
In tho old Lincoln Wado store,
burned down that evening. He
went into the undertaking business
in 1880. and has survod the commu
nity continually In that capacity
over since. His establishment now
carries a large stock of ovory kind
of casket, and ho has all tl.a equip
ments of expeditious sorvlco whou
required. He has a convonlont fu
neral ahapel and ono qf iho finest
hearses In the city in fact, tt Is as
good as there is in Orogon. At the
closo of bis present term Mr. Clough
as coroner, will have serwd sixteen
and a half years.