UAttlf OJUKWAL JOuWC AU tAUMi tmudOtt. WmdnpAy, ftU n, ltoi
MldMWhyB
Roosevelt On the Preservation of Resol
ft j&
TALKS TO
MAMMOTH
CONGRESS
OFPUBLIGOFFKMLS
JU8TIGN HHAN OltKOON ItKl'IlK
8ENTATIVB POINTS OUT DAN
GBR OF HX1IAUBTION OF RE
SOURCES SUGGESTS REMEDY.
(United Press Leased Wire.)
WnHhltiBton, D. C, May 13. The
groat conference of governors and
prominont men and other state oin
cjnla called by tho Preoldont to con
sldor tho natural ro30urcoB of tho
ontlro nation, and the nroaorvatlon of
the water, coal, tirnbor and tnlnoral
wealth, In In nosalon hero. Clilof Jus
tice R. S. Bonn la attending ns tho.
sole olllclnl from Oroson.
Pretildout RoorovoU nddrensed tho
mammoth mooting as follews:
'RoobovuU'm Speech.
Oovornorj of tha Bcvcral Btntnf
nnd gontletnon:
I wolcomo you to tills conforonc.
at tho Whlto IIoubo. You havo como
hltUor at my roquonl no that wo may
Join togothor to consider the ques
tion of tho eonuorvatlon ntul uso of
tho groat fundnmoutnl sources of
woalth of this nation. So vital is
thin question, that for tho first time
In our hl.dory tho chief executive
ofllcora of tho states Bopnrntoly, nnd
of tho utatcs together forming tho
nation, havo mot to consider It.
With tho govornors como mon
from each Btnto choson for tholr
special acqunlntanco with tho tortus
of tho prohlom that la boforo us.
Among thorn nro oxporta In natural
rooourcoa nnd roprosontatlvoB of na
tion nil organizations ooncomed In
tho development and uvo of theso ro
nourrns; tho uonatorn nnd roprceon
Utlrou In congroas; tho uupromo
court, tho cabinet, and tho Inland
"vVatorwayB commission havo llko
wIbo boon Invited to the vonferouco,
which la theroforo national In a pe
culiar sonso.
Ulgircut Problem.
Thla conforouco on tho conserva
tion of natural rosourcos la In effect
a mooting of tho roproaontntlvos of
all tho ponplo of tho Unltod Stntoa
enllod to coiisldor the weightiest
problom now boforo tho untlon; and
tho oocaMon for tho mooting Hob In
tho fact that tho natural rotjourcoa of
our country nro In dnngor of oxIiomb
tlon It wo permit tho old wnstoful
raothods of exploiting them longor
to continue
With tho rlao of pooplen from sav
agery to civilization, and with tho
tfonnoqmnl growth in tho oxtont and
vnrioty of. tho noods of tho avorngo
man, tlioro comoa a Bteadlly incroas
lug growth of tho amount domanded
by thla urcrago man from the actual
roaourcen of tho country. Yet, rath
er curiously, at tho en mo time tho
nvorugo man la apt to lone his re
alization of this dependence upon
nature
Bavugofl, and Tory primitive peo
ploa gonorally, concorn tfioniBolvcs
only with ouporflolnl natural ro
jiourooa; with thosa which they ob
tain from tho r.ctual eurfacc of tho
ground, As people bcomo a llttlo
leas primitive their induotrloa, al
though in a rude manner, aro ex
tended to resources bolow tho our
face; then, with what we call civi
lization and tho extension of know
ledge, mora resourccB come into use,
Industries are multlpltod, and foro
eight begins to become a necessary
and prominent factor In life. Crops
aro cultivated; animate aro domesti
cated; and mntnla aro mautorcd.
Every step of tho progress of man
kind is marked by the discovery nnd
us of natural resourcoi previously
unused. Without Much progressive
knowledge and utilization of natural
voaourccB iopulatlon could not groWi
nor iuductrles multiply, uor tho hid
den wealth of the earth bo developed
for -the beuofit of mankind.
From tho first beginnings of civi
lization, on the bank? of tho Nile
mdro' space has boon actually cov
ered during tho contrury and n quar
tet occupied by our national llfo than
during tho preceding six thousand
ypnrs'that tako us back to .tho earl
iest monumonts of Egypt to tho earl
iest cities of tho Babylonian plain.
Rmllnicntfl Unchanged.
When tho foundora of this nation
mot at Independence Hall In Phila
delphia tho conditions of commorco
had not fundamentally changed from
what thoy woro when tho Phoenician
keolB first furrowed tho lonely wa
ters of tjho Mediterranean. fr,ho
differences wero Choso of degreo, not
of kind, nnd thoy woro not In nil
ensea even those of dogreo. Mining
was carried on fundamentally as it
had boon carried on by tho Phnraoho
In tho countries adjacent to tho Red
Sea.
Tho wares of tho merchants of Bos
ton, of Charleston, llko tho wares
of tho morchants of NIovoh and SI
don, if thoy wont by water, woro
carried by boats propelled by sailB or
ohm; If thoy wont by land wero car
ried In wagons drawn by beasts of
draft or In packs on tho backs of
bensts of burden. Tho ships thnt
crossod tho high sons woro bottor
than tho ships thnt had onco
crossed tho Aegean, but thoy woro
of tho B'atno typo, after nil thoy
woro wooden ships propelled by
Galls; and on land, tho roads woro
not as good as tho roads of tho Ro
man Emplro, whllo tho sorvlco of
tho posts was probably Inferior.
In Washington's tltno anthracite
roal was known only as a useloas
black stono;nnd tho great ftolds of
bituminous coal wero undiscovered,
As steam was unknown, tin use of
coal for powor production wna nn
drenmod of. Water wns practically
tho only sourco of power, savo tho
labor of mon and animals; and this
power was used only In tho most
prlmltivo fashion. But a fow small
Iron deposits had been found In this
country, nnd tho uso of Iron by our
countrymen was vory smnll. ' Wood
was practically tho only fuel, nnd
whnt lutnbor was sawed was con
sumed locally, whllo tho foroBts wero
rogarded chiefly as obstructions to
settlement nnd cultivation.
Such wns tho degreo of progress
to which civilized mankind hnd at
tained when this nntlon bogan its
career. It is almost lmposslbo for
us In this day to roallzo how llttlo
our Rovolutlonnry ancestors know of
tho gront Btoro of natural resources
whoso dlscovory and uso hnvo boon
ubo, onco moro calls for common ef
fort, common action.
Slnco tho dnyB when tho constitu
tion wns adopted, Btoam nnd oloc
trlclty hnvo revolutionized tho in
dustrial world. Nowhere has tho
rovolutlon been so groat ns in our
own country. Tho discovery nnd uti
lization of mineral fuels and alloys
havo given ub tho lend over all other
nation's In tho production of stool,
Tho discovery and utilization of eonl
and iron havo glvon us or railways,
and hav.o'lod to Biich Industrial de
velopment as has novor boforo boon
aeon. Tho vast wealth of lumber In
our forests, tho rlchos of our Bolls
and mines, tho dlBcovory of gold'nnd
mineral oils, combined with tho cf
flconcy of our transportation, hnvo
mndo tho conditions of our llfo un
paralleled in comfort nnd conven
ience. Tho steadily Increasing drain on
thoso hatiural resources has promot
ed to nn oxtrnordlnary degree tho
complexity of our Industrial and so
cial llfo. Moreovor, this unoxamplod
dovolopmont has hnd a determining
effect upon tho chnraotor nnd opin
ions of our people. Tho demand for
efficiency In tho great tnsk has given
us vigor, effectiveness, decision, nnd
powor, and -a capacity for achieve
ment which in Its own linoa has
lngly ns thoy are or are not capable
of renewal. Mines if usod must
necessarily bo exhausted. ' Tho min
erals do not nnd can not renew them
selves. Theroforo In dealing with
tho coal, the oil, tho gas, tho iron,
tho nJetals generally, all that wo can
do Is to try to see that thoy are wlso
ly usod. THE EXHAUSTION IS
CERTAIN TO COME In tltno.
Tho second class of resources con
sists -or thoso which can not only 'bo
used In such innnnor as id lenvo
them undiminished for our children,
but can actually bo improved by
wise use. Tho Boil, tho forests, tho
waterways como In this category. In
dealing with mtneral resources, man
Is ablo to improvo on nature only
by putting tho roaources to a bon
cilclnl uso which In tho ond exhausts
them; but In dealing with tho soil
nnd Its products man can Improve
on naturo by compelling tho re
sources to ronow and ovon recon
struct themselves In Buch mnnnor
as to servo increasingly beneficial
UB03 whllo tho living waters can
bo so controlled as to multiply their
benefits.
Neither tho prlmltivo man nor tho
pioneer wns awaro of any duty to
posterity in dealing with tho ronow
ablo resources. When tho Amorlcnn
Bottler felled tho forests, ho folt that
novor yet boon mntchod. So groat J thoro was plenty of forest loft for
nnd so rapid has boon our material
growth that thero has boon a ten
dency to lag behind In spiritual nnd
mornl growth; but that is not the
subject upon which I Bponk to you
today.
ProtqKTlty Depcnda on Resources.
Disregarding for tho moment tho
question of mornl purpose, It Is Bnfo
to say that- tho prosperity of our
people depends directly on tho en
ergy and intelligence with which our
natural resources nro usod. It Is
equnlly clear that theeo resources
aro tho final basis of national pow
er nnd porpotulty. Finally, It Is
ominously ovldont that theso re
sources aro in tho courso of rapid
exhaustion.
Limit Ih Sight.
Thla nation bogan with tho bollof
thnt Its lnndcd possessions woro II r
TilMITAHIiE and cnpable of support
ing all tho people who might care
to mako our country tholr home;
but already tho MMIT OF UNSET
TLED LAND IS IN SIGHT, and in
deed but llttlo land fitted for agrl
culturo now rotnnlns unoccupied
savo what can bo roclnlmed by irri
gation and dralnngo. Wo bogan with
such vital factors in tho growth nnd nn unnpproachod horltago of forosta;
groatnoss of this nation, and how moro thnn half of tho tlmbor Is go no.
llttlo thoy roqulred to tnko from this, Wo bogan with coal fields moro ox
Btoro in ordor to satisfy tholr needs, tonslvo than thoso of any othor na
Slnco thon our knowlodgo and! tlon and with Iron ores regarded ns
USE OF THE RESOURCES of tho Inoxhaustlblo, and many
prosont torrltory of tho United
States HAVE INCREASED A HUN
DRED FOLD. Indeed, tho growth
of this nation by leaps nnd bounds
mnkos one of tho most striking and
Important chapters in tho history of
exports
of both
now declare that tho ond
Iron and coal Is In sight.
Consumption Increased.
Tho moro Increase In our con
sumption of coal during 1907 ovor
1000 oxeceded tho total consumption
tho world. Its growth has boon duo In 1870, tho contonml year. Tho
to tho rapid dovolopmont, and alas! J onprmouB Btoroa of mlnornl oil nnd
thnt It should bo- said, to tho rapid
destruction, of our natural re
sources. Nnturo haB Buppllod to ub
In tho Unltod States, nnd still sup
plies to us, moro kindB of rosourcos
In n moro lavish dogreo than has
over been tho cnao at any othor time
or with uny othor people Our posi
tion in tho world has bcon nttalnod
by tho oxtont and thoroughness of
tho control wo hnvo achlov.ed ovor
naturo; but wo aro moro, and not
less, dependent upon what she furn
ishes than at any provloua tlmo of
hlqtory since tho days of prlmltivo
man,
Yot our fathers, though they know
so llttlo of tho resources, of tho
country, oxorclsod a wise fore
thought In reference thereto, Wash
ington cloarly saw that tho porpot
ulty of tho states could only bo se
cured by union, and that tho only
feasible basis of union wns an econ
omic ono,
It was In Philadelphia that
representatives of all tho states mot
for whnt was In Ub original con
ception merely a watorway confer
ence; but whon thoy had closed their
deliberations tho outcomo was tho
constitution which mndo 'tho Btatos
into a nation.
Discuss Constitution.
gas aro largoly gono. Our natural
waterways are not gono, hut thoy
hnvo been so injured by noglcct, nnd
by tho division of responsibility nnd
utter lnck of oyGtcm in dealing with
thorn, thnt thoro is loss navigation
on them now thnn thoro wns CO
yonfs ago, Flnnlly, wo bogan with
soils of unoxnmpled fortuity nnd wo
havo bo Impoverished them by in
judicious iubo nnd by falling to chock
oroslon that their crop producing
powor la diminishing instead of in
creasing. In a word, wo hnvo
thoughtlessly, and to a largo dogreo
unnecessarily, diminished tho re
sources upon which not only our
prosporlty but tho prosperity of our
children must nlwnys depend.
Resources Used Up, Then
Wo havo becomb great becauso of
tho lavish uso of our resources and
wo havo Just reason to bo proud of
our growth. But tho tlmo has como
to Inquire sorlously what will hap-
tho pon when our forosts nro gono, whon
tho coal, tho lroni tho oil, nnd tho
gas aro exhausted, when the soils
shnll havo beon still further impov
orlshod and washed Into tho streams,
'polluting tho rlvors, denuding tho
Holds, and obstructing navigation.
Thoso questions do not rolato only to
tho next century or to the next gen
eration. IT -IB TIME for ua now
I
Tho constitution of tho United
States thus grow In Jnrgo part out. as a nation to exerclso the samo roa
of tho necosslty for united nctlon in.sonnblo foresight In dealing with our
tho wlso uso of ono of our natural ro-J great natural resources that would
sources. Tho wlso use of all our bo ehown by any prudent mnn In
natural resources, which aro our na- conserving and widely using tho
uud the Euphrates, tho Industrial, tional rosourcos as woll, Is tho groat proporty which contains the assur
progrcsa of the world has gone on material question of today. I havo anco of well-being for himself and
slowly, with occasional setbacks, asked you to como together now be- bis children,
but on tho whole Bteadlly, through causo tho onormuos consumption of, Exhaustion Certain.
tens of centuries to the present day, these resources, and the threat of Tho natural resources I havo cnu- our natural resources, whether that
But of late tho rapidity of tho 'pro- tmmlnout oxhauation of somo of moratod can bo divided Into two'wasto is caused by tho actual de
cM has Increased at such a rata that them, due to recklew ami wasteful sharply distinguished classes accord- structlon of such resources or by
tho bohs who enmo nftor him. Whon
liq exhausted tho soil of his farm ho
folt tiat his son could go west nnd
tnko up another. So It wnB with his
Immcdlnto successors. Whon tho
Boll-wash from tho farmer's flolds
choked tho neighboring rlvor ho
thought only of using tho railway
rather than boats for moving his
produce and. supplies.
Fonrht Fnmluo Passed.
Now all this Is changed. On tho
nvorago tho son of tho farmer of to
day muBt mako his living on his
father's farm. Thoro l no dlflloulty
In doing thla If tho fathor will ex
erclso wisdom. No wlso uso of n
farm oxhnttutB Its fertility. So with
tho forests. Wo aro ovor tho vorgo
of a tlmbor famino In this country,
and It 1b unpardonable for tho nn
tlon or tho atntos to pormlt any fnr
thor cutting of our tlmbor savo In
accordance with a Byatom which will
provldo that tho next genorntlon
ihn.ll see tho timber Incroasod in-
itoad of diminished. Morovor, wo
lean add onormouB tracts of tho most
vnluablo posslblo agricultural land
to tho nntlonnl domnln by Irrigation
in tho arid nnd aomlarld regions nnd
by drnlnngo of gront tracts of swamp
lands In tho humid regions.
Gigunliu Sclkcmo.
Wo can onormoualy incrcaso our
transportation facilities by tho can
nllzntlon'of our rlvors so as to com
plete a groat syBtom of waterways
on tho Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf
consts nnd in tho Mississippi Vnlloy,
from tho Groat Plains to tho Alio
ghonles nud from tho uorthom lakes
to tho mouth of tho mighty Father
of Wators. But all thoso vnrloiiB
uses of our natural rosourcos aro bo
cloBoly connoctcd that thoy should bo
coordinated and should bo trcatod
as pnrt of ono cohorout plan nnd not
in haphazard and plecorneal fashion.
It Is largely becauso of this that
I nppolntod the Waterways Commls
alon last year and that I have
sought to porpotuato its work. I
wish to tako thla opportunity to ox
press In heartiest fashion ray ac
knowledgement to nil tho mombors'
of tho Commission. At great per
sonal sacrifice of tlmo and effort
thoy havo rendered a Bervlco to tho
public for which wo can not bo too
grateful.
Plnchot Praised.
Especial credit Is due to tho Ini
tiative, tho onorgy, tho -devotion to
duty nnd tho farsightedness of Glf
'ford Plnchot, to whom wo owe bo
much of tho progress wo havo al
ready made In handling this matter
of tho coordination and conserva
tion of natural resources. If It had
not been for him thla convention
nolther would nor could havo boon
called.
We are coming to recognize ns
novor boforo tho right of the nation
to guard Is own future in the es
sential matter of natural resources.
In i the past wo have admitted tho
right of tho Individual to injure the
future of tho republic for his own
present profit. TnE TIME BIAS
COME FOR A CHANGE. Ab a people
wo havo tho right and the duty, sec
ond to nono other but the right and
duty of obeying tho moral law, of
requiring and doings justice, to pro
tect ourselves and our children
against the wasteful development of
making thorn impossible of develop
ment hereafter.
Any right thinking fathor earnest
ly desires and strives to-leavo his
son both nn untnrlnshod name and
a reasonable equipment for tho
Btrugglo of llfo. So this nation ub
a w'holo Bhould earnestly dcslro 'and
strlvo to lenvo to tho next gonora
tlon tho national honor unstained
nud tho national rcsourcca unex
hausted. Thoro are signs that both
tho nation nnd tho states nro awak
ening to n realization of this great
truth. On March 10, 1008, tho su
premo court of Maine rendered nn
exceedingly important Judicial de
cision. This opinion wns rondorcd
In response to questions as to tho
right of tho legislature to restrict
tho cutting of trocs on prlvato land
for tho prevention of droughts nnd
floods, tho preservation of tho natu
ral wntor supply, nnd tho prevention
of tho erosion of such lnnds, nud tho
consoquont filling up of rlvorB, pondB
and lakes. Tho forests and wntor
power of Maine coii3tItuto tho lnrgor
part of hor wealth nnd form tho basis
of hor Industrial llfo, and tho ques
tion submitted by tho Maine senate
to tho Bupr'omo court and the ans
wer of tho supremo court nllko bear
testimony to tho wisdom of tho peo
ple of Maine, and clearly doflno a
policy of conservation of natural re
lourccs, tho adoption of which is of
vital lmportnuco not merely to
Mnlno but to tho wholo country.
Right Policy.
Such n policy will preserve soil,
forests, wntor powor, ns n horltago
I for tho children and tho children's
children of tho mon and women of
this generation; for uny ouactmont
that provides for the wlso utilization
of tho forests, whethor In public or
prlvnto ownership, nnd for tho con
servation of tho wntor resources of
the country, must ncocsanrlly bo
legislation thnt will promote both
prlvnto nnd public welfare; for
Hood provontlon, wntor powor devel
opment, prcsorvntlon of tho soil, nnd
Improvement of navigable rlvors are
all promoted by ouch a policy of
.'orcat conservation,
Tho opinion of tho Mnlno bu
promo bench sots fort unequivocally
tho prlnclplo thnt tho proporty
RIGHTS OF THE INDIVIDUAL
RE SUIJORDINATE TO THE
RIGHTS OF THE COMMUNITY,
and especially that tho wnsto of
wild tlmbor land dorlved originally
from tho state, Involving nB It would
tho Impoverishment of tho Btnto and
Its pooplo and thoroby dofoatlng one
great purposo of govornmont, may
proporly bo prevented by Btnto re
strictions. Tho court says thoro aro two rea
iono why tho right of tho public to
control and limit tho uso of prlvato
proporty Is peculiarly appllcablo to
proporty In lnnd: "First, Buch prop
orty Is not tho remit of productive
'nbor, but Is dorlved solely from tho
stnto Itsolf, tho original owner; sec
ond, tho umount of lnnd being In
capable of Incrcaso, If tho ownors
of lnrgo tracts can wnsto them at will
without Btato restriction, tho stato
and ita peoplo may bo helplessly Im
poverished nnd ono great purposo of
government defeated.
Wo do not think tho proposed logls
latlou would oporato to Hako' prlvato
proporty within- tho inhibition of the
constitution. WJUlo It might restrict
tho' owner of wild nnd uncultivated
lauds In his uso of them, might de
Iny his taking somo of tho product,
might delay his "anticipated- profits
nnd ovon thoroby might cnuso him
somo Iobs of profit, it would novor
tho less leave him hla lands, tholr
product nnd Increase, untouched.
and without diminution of title, es
nA nr nnnntitv. Ho Would Btlll
hnvo largo moaouro of control and
lnrgo opportunity to roallzo valuos.
Ho might Buffer delay but not depri
vation. . The proposed leg
islation ' would bo with
in tho loglslatlvi powor and would
not opornfo na a taking of private
proporty for which componsntlon
must bo made"
Quoted Decision.
Tho courts of errors and appeals
of New Jorsoy has adopted a similar
vlow, which has recently been sus
tained by the Bupremo court of the
United Stnles. ' In delivering tho
opinion of tho court on April C,
1008. Mr. Justice Holraea sald:"Tho
stato as quasi-sovereign and repre
sentative of tho Interests of. the pub-
ii t,a n ntnmllnir In court to pro
tect tho atmosphere, tho water, and
tho forests within Its territory, Irre
spective of the assent or dissent of
of private ownors of tho land most
immeuiaioiy cuuiumn".
It appears, "to ua that few pubic In
terests are more obvious, indlsput-
abt tthii5IT
-rttautrS.i.
110 t astnteu.,.?.01!
" aro Who.;:ratt'
. . nun n I, .
. '!
,,ra8 upon fSrjyki
ot the pbi!c welfr. "
for U.n ....: Whr Hi ,
a - KTi's.fl
estomnlprweat,,"
l a stato. nn.l ..'
m population.. I!!'
;o of opinion, fBrlH '
Rtltutloniu hn. .. .rh
Rlst thai h. ' .M,"fi
-srsssa
The legal concept;;';'
., :."XhHu
nm linnntll. . '
..w. viua lr0m ......
mlfilit cscnpo a lawyer'i ,?
the state Is not required b L
oven to an aesthetic w
uuuijrina may be IiwW,
finds itself In wweHta Jl.
admit tobeaRreatpstiitJjJ
"'"" ,v " " mr twM,
" one n reason for Hi tj.
Those decisions reuh n. ,
tho Idea of conim.iloi 0(
j incus in ,me interests ot Mrll
pio.
I'crorsttai
Plunlly, let us remember Ml
conservation of our m!wj
sources, though the mied i
of today, li yet but part of i
and greater problem tWck tbJ
uon is not yet awake, fot to
It will awoke In lnt.ul)
which It must hereafter pt;d
is to live -tho protlen ol i
efficiency, tho patriotic ditr t
surlng tho safety anil coatlta
tho nation. When the peopled
United States consdotily tti
to ralso thomseltei aitkuJ
tho nntlon and tho lUtei U ti
sovernl spheres, to UellgWi
of excellence in prlrttc, feti,
nntlonnl life, and todofMtt
It la tho first ot all the i
truo patriotism, then iilwl
thon tho future o( this
nunllty ami In time, till his
IT'S YOUR KIDXITI
Don't. .Mistake the due i
Ti-oulilod. A WfB
Hhottft IlowToCmvTh.
Many peoplo nerer stKtt
kidneys. If Buffering frosts i
weak or nchhiK back they tlMl
It Is only a mustotir m
whon urinary tronWe sets h !
think It will soon eorredlwU
so It la with alltheethtri
nf kldnor Jlsordtri. IW I
where tho danger He. Tm '
cure theso troubles of W
load to dlnbetesor BrttMsi
Tim best remedy to u '
irMtinv Pills. It cures ill f"
aro caused by weskorj
noys. Salon) people tMUif n
ninnnnt rlirta.
W. 0. Johnston, jrt.'
Mill street, Salem, oi
,n, Hm erln a ver M""
i. .....i i iifllUta it !"
uur mm j,ij
., i..il.U At 18! I1
fered with pIm la V
,.-.. nH uMm at M
i ...Kan 1 urOM.!1!
and two and tired rery
nfton felt languid
... a nitaeksof 1
.ii. fiuells and oft "TJ
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