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NEW HOLIDAY GQOBS
BeautiMand-practical-lamps,
Banquet, Nickel, Rochester arid
Decorated Lamps,
Night Lamps, all styles,
More coming tomorrow;
H, G, SONNEMANN; Grocer,
124 State Street,
Daily Capital Journal
BY HOKBH BKOTHBR8,
TUESDAY, DEC 7. I897.
President's Message
A Long
Document of Public
Importance.
CONSERVATIVE AND CAUTIOUS
Gold St?ndard to Be Given Greater
Advantages.
WASHlKGTOX. D. C Dec. 6.
President Wm. McKlnley'a meeeago de
livered to congress today is an follews:
"To the Senate and House of Itepresent-
atlves:'
"It gives me pleomire to extend greet
ing to -the Fifty-fifth congress assem
bled Inttgular session at the eeat of
government with many of whoee sena
tors and representatives I have been as
sociated In tha Illative service, meir
meeting occurs under felicitous c,ondl
tlon. Justifying nlncere congratulaUon
and calling for our grateful acknowl
edgment to a beneficent providence;
-which haa eo lgaally blessed and pros
pered, us oh a nition. Peace and good
will with all the nations of the wrth
continue unbroken.
"A nwter of genuine satisfaction Is
the growing feeling of fraternal regard
and- unification of all rectlona of
our country. th lncomplctenes of
which haa too lur;g delayed realization
uf the highest bloiringfl of the union.
Ttw eplrit of patriotism i universal
and Is ever Increasing In fervor. The
public quetlcns which now moat efl
grOM us are llf Jed tacabovo either par
tttainklilp. prejudice or former ectionai
UltfWMiCt. Ttwy effect every part of
our common country alike and permit
r nn division on ancient lines. Quta-
Uons of foreign policy, of revenue, the
toundnesa of the currency, the inviola
bility of tha naMooal obligations, the
l.-yrroveraent of the public service ap
peal to tba Individual conscience of ev
ery earnest citizen to whatever party
h belongs, 3T In whatever rectlon of
tkc country be may reside.
The extra, saulon of this congress
whloa elwed durtrg July last, nacted
important legislation and while lbs full
effroU have ool ben ruolistsd, what It
has already acomnplbmed Assures us of
Its timeliness .wd wiudora. To teat It
permanent talue, furtlw-T lime wU be
rerjulred and tlu people, satlffled with
its operation and results thus far, are
1 no mind to withhold ffom It a
fair trial.
'Tariff legislation having been fcet
lltd by tha extra session of congrtos,
the question next prerslng for consld
eitttln la thtt of tbo cirrency. The
work of putting our finances upon a
uound busts, dlillcult an it may seem,
will appezr when recall lh llnanclal
operation of tlio government eincc 1SC5.
On the SOth day of June of that
year ws bdd outstanding demand 11a
blUtl In ths sum of $7M.SS,7.tL. On
tho tlrst of July, ir79, these liabilities
bad ben reduesd to Ji!3,fcS9,W S3. Of
oar JnUirit-lrlnff obligations, the
agurvSjur ttn mora striklug. On July
1, 1W, the prlacipat of the lnlerest
btirtog debt of the govtrnmant wm
iS.&,SSl&a. On the first day of July,
JftjJ, this sum hid been reduced to IW,
017.100. ir an aggregate reduction of
II ;7,l.l(flL Ttie Intenat-Uaring
debt of Vbo UnlUd Htutes on the nnt
day f Dv-mber, U97, was JSIT,se5,W).
Th- jHrttfronxnt money now outstand
ing tO. 1) ouniU of 1316.CJ1.018 of
United. BiUvd noua; 107,75i,28O of
trKJrury notes lsutd by authority of
the net of 1W; tftl,9S.S0l of silver tr
tltViiJ, and WlX&.IOl of sundard ell
vr dollars.
"With ibe rt resourwa of the gov
enmitpl and with the time-honored ex
ample ivf the pist bifun us, we ought
not lactate to enter upon a currency
revision wbleh will nviko our demund
obligations ltt onerous to the govern
ment and relieve our financial laws
from ambiguity and doubt.
,The brief rvlew of what was ac
complished from tho close of the war
until lVi niaitm tuiivasonable 011 J
Krouuuiera ir.y iistnsi. tHiitr "f tur
financial ability or soundness; while the
situation from 1K3J to US7 must admon
ish congress of the immediate neces
sity for so legislating- as to make the -return
of the conditions Mien prevailing
m poaib)e.
"Tltere are many plans proposed a a
rtmody fortlie cvlL licforo we can find
.ha true rfiuedy we must appreciate nt
j iii evil. It is not that our currency of
tncry kind la not good, for every dol
lafjpf ir-la good; good-bocause tlie.gov
crnthctil'J pl3gs U mit to koep It so, uml
that pledge will not be broken. How
uver the guaranty of our purpose to
keep the pledgt wilt bo best shown by
ndv-iiiclr.g toward Its fulfillment.
"Tho vlt pt,tb iircisaft s)'tem Js
"found In tbgreiUcoK to the govtrp.
iivtnt ot ma'lijUJiig Ute-'porlty of our
difennt fnes of .money; that Is, keep
vtng all of them at par with gold. We
surely canoot be Jnger tioedloeti of the
burden thld Impanis upon U10 people,
given under fai'ly' prosperous ootid)
yttons, whllu tha past four years have
demoBStraad ;$Uat It, is not onty ex
IMnslve clwif 0 upon jtva government,
but a danrotw fiieij!j,o the nitlouul
ct4iU .''-
"it U imiilfest that w,mut devise
some prau t urofoct Jli government
VRyalnit boii4-lMuw for rrjxuted fo-
f dcmpllons. We must either curtail tho
-opportunity for iie. uIjIIuh, nude eury
' sV thp multlplltd rtdnnptlon of our da
man I etliiutions, or inprMsi the gold
timurvs tor iMr iitdBKljftOJVtJavV
im,m,m of currwity which tht K')V-
irB-wvt Vr o)unn suaclment bfl vn
::
. derlaken to kep at par with gold. No-
I body It obliged to redeem In gold but
the government. The banks are not
r-qulied to redjem in gold. The g"v
ernnient Is obliged V keep equal with
gold all its outstanding cumney and
coin obligations, while Its receipts are
not required to be paid In gold. They
an p'tld in ever' kind of money but
t, Id, end the only means by wbtr-b ih;
K-'vernment can wlih certainty get gold
to by borrowing, it can get It In no
otter way wlxa it mow needs IL Tlie
g.rernmtnt wlthoal any fixed gMd rev
enue ts pledged o maintain gold re
demption which it has Steadily and
faithfully done and which, under the
authority now given, It will continue to
do.
"The law which requires th" govern
ment, after having ndecmed ts notes,
to pay them out again as current fund
demands noonstapt replenishment of
the gold reserve. This is especially so In
thii'S ct business panic and when the
reveni-d are Insufficient to met the
M-.mes of th government. At such
times the Government? has no other wy
to aupply its deficit and maintain re
demption but through the Increase of
lis bonded debt, at the urgent admlnls
tratlon of my predecessor, whin J262,
315,400 of four and one-half per cent
bnnds were Issued and sold and the pre
creds sold to pay the expensis of the
givernment In excess of th revenues
ant sustain the gold reserve. While It
is true that the greater iiart of :he
proceeds of these bonds were used to
upply deficient revenues, a considera
ble portion was required to maintain
the gold reserve.
"With our revenues equal tc our ex
penses, there would be no defldt requir
ing the laruance of bonds. But If the
gold reserve falls below $100,000,000, how
will It bo replenished, except by s'll
Ing more bonds? M there any way
practical under existing law? The
serious question then la. Shall we con
tinue the policy that has been pursued
In the past; that Is, when the gold re
serve reacheo tha point of danger, Issue
more bondrf and supply the needed
gold, or shall we provide other means
to prevent those reevrring drains upon
tho gold reserve. If no further legisla
tion is bad and the policy of selling
bonds Is to be continued, then congress
should give tre secretary of the treas
ury authority to sell bonds at long or
thort periods, bearing a lesa rate of ln
tentrt than Is now authorized by law.
I earnestly recommend as soon as the
lecelpls of the government nre quite
sufficient to pay all the expenses of the
government that when any of the
United States notes are presented for
redemption In gold and are tedeemd
In gold, such notes shall be kept and
only paid out in exchange for gold. This
Is an obviou duty. If the holder of the
Uj.lt'd States note prefers gold from
the government, he should receive back
from the (jovemn.ent a United States
nolo without piyinj, gold In exchange
for it. The reason for this is made all
the more apparent when the govern
ment Lvues an Interest-bearing debt
to provide gold for the redemption of
United States notes a non-luterest-bfaring
dobt. Barely It should not pay
them out again except on demand and
for gold. If they are put out in any
other way thsy may return again to be
followed by another bond issue to re
deem theru another Interest-bearing
debt o redeem a non-lnteresUng-bear-Irg
debt,
"In my view, It Is of the utmost im
portance that tho government should
be relieved from the business of pro
viding far all the gold required for ex
cliangea on export. This responsibility
is alono born by tho government with
out any of the usual and necessary
banking powers 10 help itself. The
banks ds not feel the strata of the gold
icdemptloo. The whole strain rests up
on the government and the size of the
gold rwcrve In tha treasury has come
to be with or without reason, the sig
nal of danger or of secutity. This
ought to be stopped.
"If we are to have an era of prosper
ity In the country with eufllclent re
ceipt for the expanses of tho govern
ment, we may feel no Immediate em
barrassment from our present currency;
but the danger still exists and will be
eter present, menacing us as long as
the existing system continues. And, be
slJes, It Is In tlmea of adequate rev
niKa and business tranquility that the
government should prepare for the
worst. wre cannot avoid, without ser
loiu oonsequencss, the vase considera
tion and prompt solution ot this ques
tion. "The eecretary of tH treasury has
outlined a plan in great detail for the
purpose of removing threatened recur
rence of a depleted gold re-ierve and
save us from future embarrassment on
that account. To this plan I Invite
your careful consideration.
"I concur with the secretary of tha
treasury In his recommendation that
national banks be allowed to Issue
notes to the face value of the bonds
which they deposMed for circulation
and that the lax on circulating note
wcuml by the deposit of such bonds be
reduced to one-half of one per cent per
1 annum, i also Join hltn In recommend
ing ihat authority be given for the ea
lalukihment of national banks Willi a
minimum capital of S2S.0OO. This will
enable th smaller vlltegus and agri
cultural regions o' the country to be
supplied with currency t) meet their
demands. 1 roiommend that the Issue
of national banknote be restricted to
the denomination of ten dollars and up
wards. If the suggestions I have here
in made shall have the approval of con
grass, then I would recommend that na
tional banks ba required to redeem
thrir notes in gold.
"The most Important problem with
which this country Is now called upon
to deal, that pertaining to Its foreign
relation. xncmu its duty toward
drain and the Ciban Insurrection. Pro
blems and conditions more or less In
oomraon with thosxi now existing bvo
wnfronted this government at various
limbs In tin past. The- story ot Cuba
Cor many years ins been one ot unreot;
jrowuig dlscoaUni; an effort toward
he Urger enjoyment of liberty and
fclf-oontrol, of organised resistance to
tha mother country; of depression and
warfare and ot Ineffectual settlement to
H followed by renewed revolt. For no
;iiJuring period cine the enfranchta
.miit of the continental possvuslons of
fpiln in the Western continent has tht
'tuition of Cuba or the policy of Spain
awards Cub not caused concern to tin
CDltKl Bute. The rrospeut, from
iline to lime that the weaknoss of
sUttitr hold upon tha island and the
, ol.Ueal vlrftiltude and wnbarruj.
nenti of & bom fOYrmttt Rlkt
ld to ths tranter of Cnba to con-
tlnenUI power railed forthfj between
rSJ nd l. ranwu emphatic degLir-
n lions of the United Batcs to permit lite rAatlnff ot tn and toencco there
no afetortance if ,Cub- connection In ha been resutr ed and hat by force
with Spain unlei In the direction of of arms and new and ample reforms
ind"penene or acquisition by the ' very eirly and complete pacification U
uniieu duties inrouRn purcnase, nor
has there been any change of this de
clared policy tine upon the pirt ot the
&ovrnment,
"The revolution which txgan In MM
lasted for ten yeirs. despite the ntrenu
ow effort of the pucccBslve peninsular
ovarnmeats to supprea It. Then, as
now, Uie government of the United
Stales' testified Or grave renctrn And
offered Its aid to put an end to blood
hJ In Cafe. The ovtrtures made by
General Grant were refuted and the
?ar dragged on, entailing great loss of
life and treasur. and Increased injury
to American Interests besides throwing
'nhnnced burdens of neutrality upon
this government. In 1878 peace vns
bwght about by the truce of Zanjon,
tbtained by negotiations between the
5pinfch commander. Martini de Cm
ivtk, acd the Insurgent leaders.
Tho present Ir.s'jrrectlon broke out
In t'ibruiry, 1S9S. it Is not my pur
pone at this time to recall ita remark
able Increase to characterize Ik? tena
e'ou3 reslV-ance salnrt the iormos
foroes massed against It by Fpaln. The
revolt and the efforts to subdue it car
r.ed destruction to every quarter of the
tzland, developing wide proportions and
defying the effo-ts of Spain, for Its
.h ppreslon. The rtvlllzed code of war
has been dlsregirdod, no Vs so by the
Spaniards than by the Cubans. The ex
jtpn conditions cannot but fill this
government and the American people
with the greatest apprehension. There
Is no dwlre on lh part of our people
to profit by the jiifortun3 of Spain.
Va have only th desire to toe the Cu
bans prosperous end contented, enjoy
ing that measure of self-control which
t th lnaliensI; right of man, pro
tected In their tight to reap the bene
fit of the exhaust' treasures of their
country.
The offer mad by my predecessor in
April. 1SS6, tendering the friendly of
fice of this government failed and med
iation on our part was not accepted.
In brief, ths answer read: There Is no
effectual way to pacify Cuba unless it
begins with the actual submission of
the rebels to the mother country.'
"Then, only, could Spain act In the
promised direction of her own motion
nr.d after her own motion, and after her
own piano.
"The cruel policy of concentration
was Initiated February 16, 1836. The
productive districts controlled by the
3panisn armies were depopulated and
the agricultural inhabitants wer:
herded In and abautthe garriion towns,
their lands laid waste and their dwell
ings destroyed. This policy the late
cabinet of Spain Justified as a necessary
measure of war .ind as a. means of cut
ting off supplies t.-om the insurgents.
"It has utterly failed as a war meas
ure. It was not civilized warfare. It
vaj extermination.
"Against this abuse of the rights of
war I have felt constrained on repeat
ed occasions to enter the firm and ear
nest protes. of this goemment. There
was much of public condemnation f
the treatment of American citizens by
nlleged illegal arrests and long Impris
onment awaiting trial of landing pro
ttacted Judicial rroceedurea. I felt It
my first duty to make instant demand
for the release or speedy trial of all
American citizens under arrest. Before
the Changs of the Spanish cabinet in
October, twenty-two prisoners, citizens
of the United States, had been given
their freedom. For the reUef of our
jwn citizens suffering because of the
conflict, the aid of congretxj waseought
In a special message anil under the
pppropriaUon of Apdl 4, 1S37, effective
old has been gUen to American citi
zens in Cuba and many of them at
thtlr own requ?st hav9 been returned
to the United Spates.
"Thj Instructions given to our new
minister -to Spain before hid departure
for his post directed him to Impress up
on that government the .sincere wish of
the United States to lend its aid toward
ending tho war In Cuba, by reaching a
peaoefil and laatl.jg result. Just and
honorable alike to Spain and the Cuban
people.
'These Instructions recited the char
acter and duratl 1 ot the contest, the
widespread losses it entails, the bur
dens and restraint it Imposes upon uh,
with constant disturbance of nat'onal In
teresta and the lnjjry rerulting from
an Indefinite continuance of this btate
of things. It was stated that at this
Juncture our government was con
strained to serio'jsly Inquire If the time
was not ripe when Spain, of her own
volition, moved by ier own Interests
aud evry tentlment of humanity,
should put a stop to thld destructive
war and make proposals of settlement
honorable to herself and Just to her
Cuban colony. It was urged that as .1
neighboring nation wl'.h large Intercuts
In Cuba, we could be required to wait
only a reasonable time for the mother
country to establish its authority and
restore peace and order within the bor
ders of the Island; that wt could not
contemplate an Indefinite period for the
aoitumplislimint of these results.
"No solution was propostd to wnlch
the slightest Idea of humiliation to
Spain could attach. .Ml that was
asked or expected was that come site
way might be speedily provided and
Permanent peace restored. it so
cnanced that the consideration of this
offer addrmed to the Spinlsh adminis
tration which had declined the tenders
of iny predecessor and which for mire
than two yecxs had poured more treas
ure Into Cuba In the fruitless effort to
suppress the revolt, fell to others. Be
tween the dep-rture of General Wood
ford tho new envoy and his arrival In
Spain, tho stntesman who had shaped
the policy of, hli country fell by the
hand of nn assassin and al '.tough the
cabinet of the late premier a'ltl held
office and reoevd from our envoy the
proposals he bore, that cabinet gave
place within a few days thereafter lo
a new administration under the leader
ship of Sagosta.
'The reply to our note was received
en tht ZJd day of October. It Is in the
tlrectlon of a better understanding. It
ttpprecUtes the frlnedly proposals of
this government. It admits that our
country Is deepl afrected by the war
In Cuba and that lu deslros for pvce
are Just. It dcolwes that the pretent
dpanlsh go'-emmtnt is bourd by every
CGr-ildoritior, to a. changs of policy that
should satisfy the United Statea and
pacify Cub . within a reasonable time.
To this end Spain lias decided to put
into ciiw.1 me political reforms here
tofore advoc&tod by the present pre
mier, without halUnb for any consider
ation In th path which Ir Its Judgment
leads to peice.
'The jnlJltary operatlors, It Is sold,
will continue, but will be humane and
conducted with all regard, for private
rights, bolng accompanied by political
action leading to the autonomy of Cuba,
while guarding Spanish eoveroignty.
This, U ki claimed, will rosult in Invent
ing Cuba with a distinct personality,
the Island to be governed by an execu
tive and by a local council or chamber
reserving to Spam tho control or the
forulgu relations, the army and navy
and tht Judicial administrations,
"To accomplish this the prnt gov
ernment proposes to modify existing
legislation by decree, leaving the Span
Uh cortrti with tho aid of Cuban sena
tors and deputies to solve the economic
problems and properly distribute tho
exuding debt.
"In tho aUwnoe of a declaration of
the measures that the government dpo-
poi to take la carrying out It proffer
of good offices. It suggest that Spain be
in i tree 10 conaucl military aiwtratimw
and grant political reforms whn tht
inutu tute, for Its part, shall en
ru. its neutral obligations, und eut off
'" assifMiiBe wiiicn It U aaierttd the
Ityurtrtnu reoclved from thU country,
Tli tuppos-ltlofi of ad indefinite pro
Vfigalion of the war 1a denied, it Ss
aurtea that tha Western province
Are nireadv weiliJch reolalmnl- ih,
hoped for.
'The Immediate amelioration of exist
ing conditions under the new adminis
tration of Cuban affairs is predicted and
therewithal the disturbance and all oc
casion for any change of attitude on the
part of the United States.
'DlsTUiHion of the question of Inter
national dutlM and responsibilities of
Ute UnKed States as Spain understands
them, - Is presented with an apparent
disposition to charge us with failure In
this regard. This charge Is without
any basis In fact. It could not have
been made, if Spiln had been cognl
zeirt of the constant efforts
this government has made at
tha cost of millions and by
the employment of the administrative
machinery at the national command to
Krform Its full duty according to the
law of nations. That It has successful
ly prevented the departure of a (Uncle
military expedition or armed el
from wr shores In -iolation of orr laws
i.-ud seem to be a sufficient answer.
Jtit on this aspect of the Spanish note
t Is not necessary to spnak further
aow. Firm in the conviction of a
v-holly performed obligation, due re
sponse to this charge has een made
n diplomats issues. Throughout all
these horrors and dangers to our own
peace, this government has never in
iny way abrogated its sovereign pre-
r.gatlves of reserving to itself the de-
termination of its policy and course ac-!
aopdlaz ta it own hlfrh ntn, nt rihi
and In consonance with the dearest In
erests and convictions of our own peo
ple should the prolongation of the
strife so demand. Of the untried meas
ures there remain enly: 'Recognition
of the insurgents as belliger
ents; recognition of the independ
ence of Cuba; neutral intervention to
end the war toy imposing a rational
"ompromlse (between the contestants,
and intervention In favor of one or the
other pany.'
"I speak not of forcible annexation
for that cannot be thought of. That
by our code of morality would be crim
ing aggression.. Recognition of the
belligerency of the Cuban insurgents
:i3 often been canvassed as a possible
.f not trevltable step, both In regard to
the previous ten years' struggle and
luring the present war. I am not un
mindful that the two houses of con
gress. In the spring of 1S96, expressed
he opinion by concurrent resolution
that a condition of public .war existed
.equlrlng or Justifying the recognition
if a state of belligerency in Cuba, and
during the extra session the senate
,'oted a Joint resolution of like Import,
which, however, was not brought to a
vote In the house. In the presence of
these significant expressions of the sen
timent of the legislative branch, It toe-
hooves the executive to soberly con
sider the conditions under which so
important a measure must needs rest
for Justification. It Is to be seriously
considered whether the Cuban Insur
rection possesses beyond dispute the at
tributes for statehood, which alone can
demand the recognition of belligerency
in its favor. Possession, short of the
essential qualifications of sovereignty,
by the insurgents and the conduct of
the war by them according to the rec
ognized code of war, are no less im
portant factors toward the determina
tion of the problem of belligerency
than are .the influences and conse
quences of the struggle upon the In
ternal policy of the recognizing. The
utterances of President Grant, in his
memorable message of 1S69, are signal
ly relevant .to the present situation In
Juba, and It may be wholesome now Xo
ecall hem. At that time a serious
ontllct had for seven years wasted the
neighboring Island. During all those
years an utter disregard of the laws of
ivilized warfare and of the Just de
mands of humanity, which called forth
expressions of condemnation from the
nations of Christendom, continued un
abated. Desolation and ruin pervaded
that productive region, enormously af
fecting the commerce of all commercial
nations, but .that of the United States
more than any other, by reason of
proximity and larger trade and lnter
ourse. At that Juncture General Grant
uttered these wo. ds, which now, as
then sum up the elements of the prob preb
lem: " 'A recognition of the independ
ence of Cuba being, in my opln on, im
practicable and Indefensible, the ques
tion which next presents Itself is that
of the recognition of (belligerent rights
in Uie turtles to the contest. In a
former message to icongress I had occa
sion to consider this question and
reached the conclusion that the conflict
In Cuba, drea-lful and devastating as
weie ilts incidents, did not rise to the
fearful dlgnlt) of war It Is pos
sible that the acts of foreign powers,
and even acts of Spain herself, of this
very nature .might 'be pointed .to In de
fense of such recognition. Cut now, a3
in Its past hUtory, the United States
may lead It into the mazes of doubtful
should carefully avoid false lights which
law and of tJiquestlonoble propriety
and adherence to the rule which has
been Its guide, of doing only that which
Is right and honest and ot good report.
The question o' uocordlng or of with
holding rights .f belligerency roust be
Judged In over) case, In view ot the
particular attending facts. Unless Jus
tilled by necessity. It is always, and
Justly, regarded a an unfriendly act
and as a gratuitous demonstration of
murui support i uie rcuoiuun. 11 is
necessary and It Is required when the
Interests and rights of another govern
ment, or of Us people so far affected by
pending civil conflict as .to require a
dellultlon of Its rei-ttlons .to the parties
tRneto. But thi conflict must bo one
tvhluh will be rv-vognlzed in tho sense
of Into national law as war.
" 'Belligerence, too, is a, faot. The.
mere existence of contending arnud
hodlus and their occasional conflicts do
not constitute war in the sense referred
to. Applying to the etlstlng condition
ot nlfalrs In Cuba, the tests recognized
by publicists and writers on Interna
tional law and which have been ob
served by nations of dignity, honesty
nd power, when free from sensitive
or pelllsh nnd unworthy mo
tives. I fall to find in the
luuiruc;ilbh the existence of such a
Jubsaantlal political organization, real,
imlp&ble and manifest to tho world as
laving the forms and capable of or
jauixatlon functions of ordinary gov
ernment towards its own pcuplo &nd to
other states with courts for the
ministration of Justice, with a local
habitation, possessing such organlza
Hon of force, such material sich occu
pattun of territory as to take the con
t3t out ot .the category ot a mere re
JulHuua Insurrection, or occasional
aklrmlsher and place it on the torrlbl
fiKtldng ot war, to which a recognition
uf bflllserenoy would aim to elevate It.
" The contest moreo er, Is solely on
land; the insurrection has not possessed
luelf of a single seaport whence It may
end forth Its Hag, nor has It any
means ot communication with foreign
powftrs, except 'through the military
lines Of Its adversaries. No applthen
slon pf any of these Budden and diffi
cult complications, which a war upon
the ocean. Is apt to precipitate upon the
vessel, both commercial and naval,
and upon the consular officers of other
powers, calls for the definition of their
relations to the parties to tho content.
I'unsidered as a question of expediency,
I regard the accordance of belligerent
rights BUM to bo as unwise and pre
mulure as I regard It to be, at present.
indufenslbW as a measure of xlght.
" 'Such recognition entails upon the
country according tho rights which
tiuw from its cumcuu anu complicated
duties and requires the exaction from
the contending- parties of the strict ob
svrvance of thalr rights and obligations.
It' content the right of search upon, the
high seas by vessels ot both parties; it
would subject the carrying of armt an4
munition of weir, which now may W
transported freely and without Inter-
ruptlon In vessels of the United States
to detention and to possible seizure, it
roold give rise to countless eaiiO .s
IJentions; It would rend the present
zuternment of responsibility for ao
done by the Insurgents and would in
test Spain with the right to exercise
the supervision recognized by our
treaty of 1796 over our commerce on
he high seas a very large part of
which In Its traffic between the At
. antic and the gulf states and between
ail of them and the states on the Pa
cific Is through the waters which
wash the shores of Cuba. The exer
cise of this supervision could scarce
fail to lead, if not Xo abuses, certainly
to collisions, perilous to the peaceful
relations of the two states. There can
be little doubt as to what result such
supervision would be before long draw
to this nation. It would be unworthy
of the United States to Inaugurate the
possibility of such results by a measure
of questionable right or expediency, or
by any Indirection.
"Turning to the practical aspects of
a recognition of belligerency ana re
viewing its conveniences and possible
dancer are further pertinent consider
ations to appear. In the code of na
tions .there Is no such a thing as a
naked recognition of belligerency unac.
companied by the assumption of na
tional neutrality. Such recognition
without more will not confer upon
either party to a domestic conflict a
status not therefore actually possessed
or affect the relation of either party
to other states. The act of recognition
usually takes the form of a solemn
proclamation of neutrality, which re
o1" tiie de facto MHUon of bellig-
erency as lis moxive. 11 announces a
domestic law of neutrality in the de
claring state. It assumes the interna
tional obligations of a neutral In the
presence of a public state of war. It
warns all citizens and others within
the Jurisdiction of claimant that they
violate those rigorous obligations at
their ow n peril and cannot expect to be
shielded from the consequence. The
right of visit and search and seizure of
essels and cargoes and contraband of
war, under admirality law, must, un
der international law, he admitted as a
legitimate consequence of a proclama
tion of belligerency. While according
to equal belligerent rights, defined by
public law, to each party In our ports
disfavor would be Impossible to both,
which, while nominally equal, would
weigh heavily In behalf of Spain her
self. Possessing a navy and claiming
the ports of Cuba, her maritime rights
could be asserted, not only for the mil
itary Investment of the Island, but up
to the margin of our own territorial
waters, and a condition of things would
exist for which the Cubans could not
hope tc create a parallel; while its cre
ation through sympathy from within
our domain would be even more impos
sible than now with an additional ob
l'gatlon of international neutrality we
would perforce assume.
"The enforcement of this en
larged and onerous code of
fluentlal 'w it! In our own jurisdiction of
neutrality would only be In
land and sea and applicable by our own
instrumentalities. It could Impart to
the United States no Jurisdiction be
tween Spain and the insurgents. It
would give .the United States no right
of intet vention to enforce the conduct
of the strife within the paramount au
thority of Spain, accoiding to the lr
ternational code of war.
"For these reasons I regard the rec
ognition of the belligerency of the Cu
ban 'nsurgents as now unwise, and
therefore inadmissible. Should that
step hereafter be dee.ned wise, as a
measure of right and duty, the execu
tive will' take it.
"Intervention upon humane grounds
has been frequently suggested
and It has not failed to receive my most
anxious and earnest consideration.
But should such a step be now taken
when it Is apparrent that a hopeful
change has supervened in the policy of
Spain toward Cuba?
"A new government has taken office
In the mother country. It is pledged In
advance to the declaration that all
the effort In the world cannot suffice to
maintain peace in Cuba by the bayo
net; that vague promises of re'orm af
ter subjjgatton afford no solution of
the Insular problem; that with a sub
stitution of commanders must come a
change of the post system of warfare
for one in harmony with a new policy
which shall no longer aim .to drive the
Cubans 'to the horrible alternative of
taking to the .thicket or mecumblng In
misery;' that reforms must be Insti
tuted In accordance with the needs and
circumstances of the time and that
these r-forms will be designed to give
full autonomy to the colony and to
create a virtual entity and self-controlled
administration, thall yet con
serve and affirm the sovereignty of
Spain by a Just distribution of powers
and burdens upon a basis ot mutual
Interest, untainted by methods of oel
fish expediency.
"The first acts of the new govern
ment He In these honorable paths.
The policy of cruel rapine and exter
mlnatlon. that so Jonc shocked the uni
versal sentiment of humanity, has been
rovers ed.
Under the new -military
commander a broad clemency Is prof-
forred. Measures have already been
set on foot to relieve the horrors of
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PROMPTLY SENT TO EVERY MAN WHO NEEDS A GENERAL
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It Brings Perfect
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OP CHICAGO, ILL.
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A large percentage of tho men of today are sadly In need of the right
kind of medical treatment for tho weakness peculiar to men. Many cases are
due to early vices, others to excesses, while many of the cases are due to
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Write us ot once, giving a description of your case and we will prepare
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READ WHAT THESE PATIENTS SAY.
Physicians' Institute, Chicage: HLANCIIAnD, Wash. March 2s, iS8.
Dear Sirs. I have nearly finished my oourse of treatment and find
myself a different man. I cannot find words enough to praise and ex
press the deep gratitude I feel towards you. Your treatment Is simply won
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help you all I possibly can. May Cod bless you and your work.
Yours truly, C. E. P.
Physicians' Institute, Chicage: LOTEX, La., June 19, 1894.
ily Dear Friends. Please accept my thanks for the kindness you have
done me. .Losses have entirely stopped and vigor has returned. I am
all O. K. I am better than I have been for 15 years. I do not feel like the
same man. All my friends when they meet me say, "What have you been
doing? Never saw a man come out like you."
Ever your friend, ii. P. C.
Physicians' Institute: HAVANA, N. D., Jan. J9, 1685.
Gentlemen. I wish to express my heartfelt thanks for the result ot
my treatment. During the last two weeks that I took your treatment the
improvement was remarkable. I have hail no emissions or other symptoms
since taking your medicine. My friends are all surprised at .the Improve
ment In my general appearance. Hoping that you may ever prosper, I re
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Hundreds .of similar letters are now on file In our business office, and
all Are bona fide expressions of permanently cured men. Do not delay
writing to us, and remember that we are not only a responsible Institu
tion In every way. but ours Is the largest medical institute In America that
makes a specialty ot SEXUAL, AND NEKVOU3 DISEASES. Inclose 6 cents
for postage on medicine, which Is always plainly Bealed.
f ntarrntlon. The power of the 8panlh
army. It Is asserted. Is to be used, not
to spread ruin and desolation but to ;
protect the resumiKion of peaceiul ag-
licultural pursuits and prudjctixe in-'
ilutrres. The past methods are fu- I
tile to force a peace by subjugation
Is freely admitted, and that ruin with
out ooncHtotlon must Inevitably fall to '
win for Spain the fidelity of a con-1
tented dependency.
"Decreeu In ajp.4catlon of the fore
shadowed reforms have already been
promulgated. The full text of these
decrees has not been received, but as
furnished In a telegraphic summary
from our minister, are:
"All eiU and electoral rights of
peninsular Spaniards are. In virtue of
existing constitutional assembly, forth
with extended to colonial Spaniards.
A scheme of autonomy has been pro
claimed by decree, to become effective
upon ratification by the cortes. It
creates a Cuban parliament, which,
with the Insular executive, can consid
er and vote upon ail subjects affecting
local order and Interests, possessing!
unlimited powers, nave as to matters of 1
state, war and the navy, ns to which
the governor-general nots by his own
authority as the delegate of the cen
tral government. This parliament re
ceives the oath of the governor-general
to preserve faithfully the liberties and
privileges of the colony, and to It the
colonial secretaries are responsible. It
has the right to propose to the central
government, through the governor
general modifications of a charter and
to Invite new projects of law or exec
utive measures in the interest of the
colony.
"Besides Its local powers It is compe
tent, first, to regulate electoral regis-1
tratfon and proceed u re and prescribe i
the qualifications of electors and the
manner of exercising suffrage; second,
to organize courts of Justice, with na
tive judges, from members of the local
bar; third, to frame the Insular budget,
both as uf expenditures and revenues,
to meet the Cuban shore of the nation
al budget, which latter will be voted
by the national cortes, with the as
sistance of Cuban senators and depu
ties; fourth, to initiate or take part In
the negotiations of the national govern
ment for commercial treaties which
may affect Cuban Interests; fifth, to
accept or reject commercial treaties
which the national government may
have concluded without the partlclpa
Hon of .the Cuban government; sixth,
to frame the colonial .tariff, acting In
accord with the peninsular government
in scheduling articles of mutual com
merce between the mother country and
the colonies. Before introducing or
voting upon a blU the Cuban govern
ment, or chambers, will lay the pro
ject before ithe central government
and hear its opinion thereon; all the
correspondence In such regard being
made public. Finally, all conflicts of
Jurisdiction arising between ithe dif
ferent municipal, provisional and insu
lar assemblies, or between the latter
and the. Insular executive power, and
which from their nature may not be
referraible to the central goernment
for decision, shall be submitted to the
courts.
"That the government of Sagasta
has entered upon a course from which
recession with honor Is Impossible can
hardly be questioned; that In the few
weeks it haa existed it has made
earnest of the sincerity of Its profes
sions Is undeniable. I fchall not impugn
its sincerity, nor should Impatience be
suffered to embarrass It In the task it
has undertaken. It Is honestly due to
Spain and in our friendly relations with
Spain that she should be given a rea
sonable chance to realize her expecta
tions and to prove the assented ef
ficacy of the new order of things to
which she stands Irrevocably commit
ted. She has recalled the commander
whose brutal orders inflamed the Amer
ican mind and shocked the civilized
world. She haa modified the horrible
order of concentration and has under-
taken the care of the helpless and per
mlt those who desire to resume the
cultivation of their fields to do so nnd
assures" .them of the protection of the
Spanish government In their lawful oc
cupations. She has Just released the
Competitor prisoners, heretofore sen
tenoed to death and who have been the
fcubjects of repeated diplomatic corre
spondence during both this and the
preceding administration.
"Not a single American c'tlzen Is
now uider arrest or In confinement In
Cuba ot whom this government has
any knowledge. The near future will
demonstrate (whether the lndlspenslble
condition of a righteous peace. Just
alike to the Cubans and to Spain, as
well as equitable to all our interests
so intimately Involved in the welfare of
Cuba, Is to be attained. If not, the exi
gency of further and other action by
the united States will remain to be
taken. When the time comes that ac
tion will be determined in the line of
the indisputable tight and duty. It
will be faced .without misgiving or hes
Itancy, in the light of the obligation this
government owes to Itself, to the peo
ple who have confided to it the protec-
j tion of their Interests and honor and to
humanity.
"Sure of the right, keeping free from
1 all offense ourselves, actuated only by
upright and patriotic considerations,
' moved neither by passion nor selfish-
ICoutlnueil on third pat'e J
Mi !'?od to
All!
PHYSICIANS' INSTITUTE,
Pt. 8003 HwnlQ Ttmplt, CHICAGO, ILL.
-y Vn--u iMOB&VBt it'i
for Infants and Children.
The Eac-simile Signature of
z
Appears on Every Wrapper.
TMC CCNTIUK COMMNT, TT MUffMAT STRCCT. MrWYOMft CITY.
Salem Blectric IRy
F R, ANSON, Receiver,
Commencing Nov, 2, 1897, and until further ordered
electric cars leave Hotel Willamette as follows!
FOR PENITENTIAHY-, via Etate Heucc:
6.'3o a. m., 7 a. m.and every 30 minutes llietcsftcr until to:l5 p.m. And
at 11:30 p. m. to Twenty-first strtctcnly.
FOR S. P. Co. LEPOT, via State Eouse:
6:45 a- m io.4o a. m., 140 p. m and K..5, p. m.
FOR INSANE ASYLUM, TransSet to Garden Hend:
630 a. m., 640 a.
p. m. and aljtl p, m.
va 7 a. m. and
FOR SOUTH SALEM:
6:40 a. m., 7 a. m, end
at I040 p. m.
every 20
CARS LEAVE M, E, CHURCH ON STATE STREET
FOR MORNINGSIDE:
7 a. m., 730 a. m., and every 3ofmirutes thereafter, until 10 p. m. and II
P.m., from btate Insurance building
FOR FAIR GROUNDS:
6:30 a. m., 7 a. m., and eyery 30 minutes thereafter, until 10 p. m. and 1030
p, in., from Court hou-eonly.
This time table is based on railroad or Standard Pacific time. Tho town
clock is usually 2 to 5 minutes slower.
On Sundays, all cars, except depot, start at S a. m.
NOTICE TO THEATRE GOERS:
List cars at niht leate as follews:
For Inane Asylum rhemeketa stret and Garden Road, immediately after
close ol performance at oera house and also at It p. m. from Hotel Willamette.
For Stulh Salem, 10:40 p. m. from Hotel Willamette cr at 1043 P-, m- from
opera house when any attraction there holding hie.
For State ttreet to Twenty first street, ll.3op m., from Hotel Willamette.
For Morningside, n p. m., from State Insuiance buildirg.
For Fair Grounds nnd North'Silem. 1030 p m from Court house comer.
Bargains in
254 Commercial
"Wc are agents for firstvclass insurance companies and
Canadian Pacific Railway,
FARM PROPERTY
2600 acre grain anil s'rek farm three miles
from railroad runiny water, good springs
aad fair buildings. Tins U the best bargain in
the Willamette alley. Price only $6.5., per
acre.
332 acres, two and onc-lmll miles northwest
of Amity 2Juacres under cultivation; all
fenced;"2 houses and 2 barns; family orchard;
ce Ian running witcr. Price $28.00 per
acre.
690 acres adjoining Marion station a fine
stock farm 90 acres under cultivation first
class family orchaid good house; 2 good
Dams springs and running water nil for S12
per acre.
320 acres, 3 miles ncrlh of Scio, 2 miles
from bbelburg at the cros'i g of the O C &
ERR and SPUR 150 acres in cultivatien:
good house and barn; all unier fence! family
erchard: good springs and running water.Pricc
$321.0.
loo acres 4 miles southwest of Turner 10
acres in cultivation; 30 acres in pasture good
house and bam 3 springs; 7 acres of prunes.
Only $25, per acre.
71 acres one-half mile fiom Minto. 20 acres
in cultivation good house and karn; runing
water. Price S1300,
20 acres of fine land 3 miles south all in
ood cultivation for $750
TO TRADE ,520 acres inUmattlla connty
for improved Salem pioperty.
, TO TRADE ..1S5 aere. on the Alsia for
eity of Salem proptrty, improved or unim
tored. Forty acres c. miles from Xe ntxirt mnol 1
clear and bottom land, 5Sto.
One hundred and sixty acres 4miles from
Newport on county road , 14 acres clear, 3
houses, troat stream and small fruit, $2000,
Eighty acres at Pioneer, on Yartuina mer,
quary opened, orchaid, house and bottom
land, will lease on easy teims.
Fruit tiact of , acres on lloone Slough,
Lincoln county S350
Salem ffater Co.
erOfilce In City nail..
Irrlfjatlon tn.utb GU8:i. m andfi
too In the cyeniiit;.
AH irrigation bills for Uie" Eutnmer
Will be due nnd nnvntil Mm let. nf
July.
btreet sprinkling tUioughlawn hose
positively prohibited.
NndedUCLl'li hi, iril l.lr.n rinrinn
absence unless .,r is nut nfr tim
entire premise.
No uilowani-e ttude for part of sea
son as more water Is neeriprl to hrin,
out a neglected lawn than judicious
ui-o rur mu entire season.
Salum Water Co.
CUKE YOURSELF!
l'o l'lt for unuturM
alM-htrrm, lnflimiullua,
trnutluu tt ulcvrtiU,
TMlfiuibiencuCa. C,n ' roUouom.
C!naiuat.gBH Said tty UracffUU,
or Mat la pUla wrmpfxt.
br upnaa, crtptU, tor
f 1'K si v rvjwrt,
-RHH.
W lalul tut. V
9pw OMitaiM
r 4r
11
T'liBBBBSSBasfsssasssi
every 20 minutes thereafter, until to
m!nutc; thereafter until, 10 p. m. and
Real Estate!
Street, Salem, Or.
Pioneer farm of 91 acres, Morrison,
Lincoln county, good tmprov ments $2,500.
One hundred nnd sixty acres, three fourths
of a mile from Pioneer btncli land, $600
One hundred and sixty acies on Ilcaier
creek, Lincoln county, J 600
Five acres at Mill Four, Lincoln county,
$150.
CITY PROPERTY.
A fine residence property inside, cheap,
call for prices.
House anl 3 acres of ground in subuibs of
city cheap, J700,
A good new house of 9 rooms for $1000.
$150 cash, balance J8. per month.
House and lot in Yew Park at a bargain at
$8,00
List your house and farm for rent or for tale
with us.
We sell tickets on thednadian Pacific rail
road at $5,00 to $7,00 less to eastern points.
Four blocks from Lincoln schocl bouse,
fine residecce half-block in Salem with
piivile e of enclosing half of street, city vater
fine fruit trees, if sold within three months
lor $300. A bargain asjit commands beauti
ful view.
BUSINESS PROPERTY
! Hardware store nnrl cfnrV nA , ,. nr
land at good town in Douglas county, to
trade for farm property in Linn county.
Barbershop, two chairs and four baths,
paying business complete equipment, "e
i ear lease at low rent, $500
TOWN PROPERTY
House v lot, Newport near Presbyterian
church, (?.,..
Two lots with one ana one-half story house,
fensed acd cleared, good well, Newpoit,
S6co
One lot, one and and onr.half story house,
not finished within, $225.
Fourteen lots, two story house, fenced,
large fiuit garden. J1300.
Modern
Woodmen
of America.
The Orlchial Order of Woodcraft.
An organization of tho members by
the member and for the members.
Its territory JsconUned to the north
west states out of which all cities of
200,000 population arc excluded,
nighest, numbers of acssments in
any one year has been eleven. Cost or
insurance at ace 40 has never exceeded
85.60 per year. Record for 1697, 270,
000 members and ten assessments.
Average age 35 years. Amount of in
surance in force 600,000,000. For
more deflnate Information see small
folders or apply to
VY. E. DocKBOJf,
Depuey Ilead Consul, with Perb &
Co., 254 Commercial street, Salem,
OreRon, .
r .
-. '
,4
.ts.