TTEEELY OEEOON STA'iTCSitA, rSIDAT, DrCEMEES S. 1005.
htugx, the substitution of loyalty to a
class for loyalty to the nation. This in-;
evitaUy brings abaut-tnm-
treat each man n.t on hi. merits as an;
iaUTiiuai, L.IU on 1119 position as tmt-i
longing to a certain class In the com-
-initnity in which it has become amij
vidual man, this government cannot
permanently hold the place which it has'
achieved among the nations. The vita, ,
lines of cleavage among our people da
not correspond, and indeed ran at right
ang!?s to, the Unes of cleavage which
divide occupation from occupation!
nant. t, nicss ws continue to Keep a. o publisii and supply useful informa
quick and lively sense of the great iion concerning interstate corporations,
fundamental truth that "our concern is including'corporations engaged in in
with the individual worth of the indi-i : Horace. ". ft' is obvious that if tli .m-
which divide wage workers from eapi carefully consider whether furtner leg
ta.istSj farmers from bankers nien of , ialation can be had- Vhat is said
email means from men of large means, '
men who live in the towns from men
who live in the country ;, for the vital
line, of cleavage is the line which di
vides the honest man who tr?s to do
well by his neighbor from the dishonest
i i... ..,:- :i K.. .s ti - vf
other worAs, the standard we should es-'
tablih is the standard t conduct,-not
. . u , .
the standard of occupation, of means or
, i i. i ,
of social position. It is the man 's moral
...,.i;t oits.-.i-Li '
questions whieh concern all htimanity:
. . , . f
fiis cieaunnens or me, nis Mwer to o i
i.;.. .!,.., n-.t i.:....ir . t I
-
others, wiiih really count; and if we
11i,.r,tu r-.r h.. ..r ..L..,. i !
jiitlgment which treats each man ac
cording t.i IiIim merits, another standard
in accordance with which all men of 0n
f-.wl .i li ....
- .... x , lM,,.fi4.ial t, desire.1 by, one section
other class discriminated against. 4 ... . .... i . . ..."'"!
. .f , ., , . , . 1or state only. There must be some-.
,hall .. irreparable damage to the ;body tbiug ,ike a 'Qeral m,nt a"
politic I believe that onr ,-.pl are j lM, .j,,, f tb J ;
too sane, t. self respecting, t.x, fit: f r r(.r,rf.Scntcd in th congress that the1
sidf government, ever to adopt sucu an ,han neeW an,, drred n the in
jpttitKle. Ih.s government ,s not and tert f Uie ,e aa a wnole, and
never shall be government by a ,toe- there 8houM tlfej siner intf.,i-,
racy, fh.s government is not and never ,,t , .nta t.ffort tomake it1
sba be a government by a mob. 'J in such shape as will c.o.nUi.e,-so far
shall continue to bj in the future what a!4 possible, the maximum f gol to the
it has l-en ., the past a government ,w at ,arKft with the n,,,,,,,,, o
based on the theory that e:irh man, n h necessary disregard for the special in
or poor, is to be treated simply am! J t,.rftaU of l.x alitis or clasps. Kut in
solely on nis worth as a man, that all I time of the revenue must on the
i -- i 1 " I
b- safeguarded and hat he is Ticither '
to wrong others nor to suffer wrong j
I--"- - i" "i j .-- ;
from others. i
The noblest torm of government is
self government; but it , is also the
most tinii'iiit. we who posses s this
priceless .boon, and who desire to hand
it oji to our children and our children's
children, should ever bear in mind the
. thought so finely expres-sed by Jiurke:
oti,, ...... i. r.. i r..r i i ; !...
.a II iiivrit 1111 jiinii
in exact proportion to their disposition
to put moral chains ujn their own ap
petites;, in proportion as they are dis
posed to listen to Wthe counse.s of the
wise and good in preference to the Jlat
tery of knaves. Society cannot exist
"unless a controlling power upon the will
and appetite, tie placed somewhere, and
the less of it there b; within the .iiore
1 there must lie without. It is ordained
in the eternal constitution of; things
that men of internp -rate minds cannot
lie. free.' Their passions forge their
fetters." . '
.j Insuranca.
Th- great jinsuranfe companies affyrd
tsriking exatinl-s of corporations whose
business has Vxteuded so far beyolud
jurisdiction of t.Jc st-'ites whivh created
them as to preclude strict enforcement
of supervision and regulation by the
parent states. In my last annual mes
sage I recommended "that 'congress
-ar-fiiiIy consider whetlier thj power
of the bureau -of c.orjHtrations cannot
constitutionally oe extended to cover
interstate transactions in insurance."
IJecent events have emphasized the im
portance of an early and .exhaustive
sidcratioii of this oucstion, to see
whether it is not possible to furnish
i b'tter safeguards than the several
Ktaten have been able to furnish against
corruption of the flagrant kind which
lias been exposed.- It has been only too
clearly shown that certain of the men
at the h -ad of thes" largo corporations
fake bur small note of the ethical o.s
tiitction lu twecn hoiosty and ilislioii
Kly; they, draw the line only this side
o what may be called law honesty, th:
kind of honesty necessary in order to
avoid . falling ' into tin' clutches of the
law. Of course tue only complete reni
eily (or tn is condition mu!t be found in
mi public conscience., a higher
scope of ,tliiral conduct in the commun
ity at large, and especially among busi
ness men and in the great profession of
Ihe lav aSul in the growth of a spirit
which condemns all dishonesty, whether j
-,.-i. .. .i, ,.i i. : t I
in ricii man or in jKor man, wuciucr n i nnrrncw
lakes the shape 0f bribery or of blaek-
mail. Hut much can ie done bv legis J ".v m-sage of IlecemlK-r 2, lOO'J, to
latioii wnich is not only drastic but I to the congress I said:
piucti-al. Th re .s need of a far strict- i ."Interest rates are a potent factor in
. r and more uniform regulation of the j Imsiness activity, and m order that
vr.st insurame interests of this count rr. thes., rates may lie, equalized to meet
ijie VTuiled j-.t-ites should in this respect ! the varying needs of the seasons and of
ft. Mow the police of other nations by I widely separated communities, and to
providing adequate national supervision prevent ti.e recurrence of financial str.n
, .e..s..r i..oe tU . ci,...r. gemis which injuriously affect legiti-
lv natii nal in ciutract r Mv i.rcdeces-
3 . . ,, i ,t '
3rs have rcpe4it.-.IIy rvogui.ed that :
the foreign business of these compa- '
ipa-
nies is ait important juirt of our foreign
commercial relations. During, the ad
ministrations of Presidents I'Jevelamt,
Harrison and McKiniey the state dc
partment exercised its influence,
through diplomatic channels, to prevent
unjust disci im i nation by foreign coun
tries against American Insurance com
panitfs. 1 hese negotiations illustrated
the propriety of the congress recogniz
ing the national character of insurance.
for in the absence of r ederal legisl
. . . . . , i I
t.on the state d epartment could onl J ,
irive expression to trie wishes of thf t
nv exnress
authorities of the several states, whose
pis icy was ineffective through want of
. nnrormity. . t i
,1 'repeat my previous rseommemlatioa
that the congress should also consider
whet lit r the Federal, government has
any xnver4 jr owes any duty jwith rr
spect to. domestie transactions in inr
surance ot an Interstate character. Tnat
state supervision has proved inale-
. - -, i . i iei 1
quate, is jeneraiiy coopcueu, , iuc yui?
den upon .insurance companies, nl
t herefore thWr policy holders, ol eon
tlicting regulations of many states, n ,
- . ' oi
iimiucstioned. -vrhile but , little euectiri '
... . ' . ; "
checjfci ts untsed upon any, acie uu
unscrupulous man. who desires to exploit
the company in his own interest t th
erxpense of the poi;cj holders al '
public. The Inability of a state to reg
nlat? effectivelv insurance corporations
created under jthe,.aws of other .state
and transacting business elsewhere Is .
also clear. As a remedy for this evil
ol conflicting, ineffective anil yet bur-
'lensome regulation there has bees for
many, year a widespread tleiaantl for
1-V4eai wiper sj on. The eongressjba,,
already recognized that interstate' in-
- suranee may be a proper sabject for
Federal legislation, for in creating tb';
uirean of corporations it authorized it
pilation (statistics be the limit of the
Federal jower, it" is wholly Ineffective
to regulate this form of commercial rn-
terconrse between the states, and as the
insurance business has outgrown in
magnitude the possibility of adequate
Rtats supervision, the congress ahonl.l
in
above applies with equal force to fra:
ternat
and benevolent "organizations
Which cwmtract r life insurance. '
Th Kevenn.es.
There is more need of stability than
"ireiuia mi jiiiain an tucui rer-
methyl. of ramng rev-
" ,, f
i business worul certain to
,. . :.
serious change in these me
: 'k v. - i , ..
,ueh5.h inadvisable
attend any
thuds render
such; change inadvisable nnli fr
rve T"a' U." 'Hf
down any general rale bv which to, .lc-
. .
-. - . niiH Aoaoua
Ti.r Will ..lit UL''lrH lhr. r . . . . a n .... I n
" . ' J , '
su eHange. Much must.depeno, not
merely on the neeus, but 0n th desires,
4 if -i . w . 1 a. 1 . 1 ... I . 1
1 . -i , - . aD1
.;..,e- IIT . ' r."':
? ' on lines
averaa-. laKiiir series t,l vcam to-
average, las
ther, equa
he revenues
I the eXei). lit tires , or elso
S III list lie incraueit i.nat
vimr there w-iu .hflU 11
expenditures i-an lie kent within the
rev -nues then uur reveVme laws must be
j readjusted. It is as yet loo early to
i readjusted.
attempt to outline wua sliane such a
readjustment should take, for it is as
yet too early to say whether it is not
desirable that th tarin jaws should pro
vide for applying as against ortli fa
vor of any other nation maximum and
minimum tariff rates established by the
congress, so as to secure a certain reci
procity of treatment between other na
tions and ourselves. Having in -t view
eveu larger considerations of policy
than those of a purely economic, nature,
It would, in my judgment be well to
endeavor to bring about closer "commer
cial connections with th5 other jieoples
of this continent.' 1 am happy 'to be
ablj to announce to you that Russia
now treats us on -the most-favored-na
tion basis. t
Economy in Expenditures.
1 earnestly recommend . to the con
gress the . need of economy and to this
end tif a rigid scrutiny of appropria
tions, As example ni rely, J call your
attention to one or two 'specific mat
ters. All unnecessary offices should be
aliolished. The commissioner of the
general land office r c'om mends the abol
ishment of the office of receiver of pub
lie moneys for I'nited States land orti
ces. This will effect a saving of about
a quarter of a million dollars a year.
As tb business of the nation grows it
is inevitable that there should bo from
time to time a legitimate increase in the
number of officials, and this fact renders
it all the more important that wh'.'n
offices liec.ome unnecessary they should
be abolisb'-d. In the public printing
l M
iiiso a large saving oi purine money can
bo made. There is a constantly grow-
ing tendency to publish masses of un-
. .J , .
important ui format ion. It is prultably
not unfair, tti sav that many tens f
thousands of voh, rins are published at
which no human being ever looks and
for which there is no real demarfd what
ever. Yet. in spr-iking of economy, I mnst
in no wise b ttudcrstood as advocating
the falsi' I'cbuomy which is in,. the end
the worst extravagance. To cut down
on the navy, for instance, would be a
crime ngainst the nation. To fail to
push forward all Work on the Panama
. wouid lie as great a foil v.
c
mate busir.es, it i necessary that there , 1h it wmfcU a a matter of course, take
should lie an clement of elasticity illiprt in the new conference and endeavor to
snoum in an n oi ' th. fnrther its arm,. We assume that all civilised
monetary ystem. Banks arc the j,vtfrnianlm Hllfipnrt IUe B,Temen ad
' natural servants of commerce, the bur
den of furnishing and maintaining a
circulation adequate to supply the needs
of our diversified industries and of jonr
domestic and foreign commerce; and tho
issue 6t this should lie so regulated that
a sufficient supply should be always
available for the business interests of
the country." - t
Every consileration of prudence de
mands the addition of the element of
elasticity to our currency system.' The
. : 1 1 . , AAnaiul t M An IflllllVlllstA
e. ii ui uui CWU.1IH ....... -i
volnme of m but in the yigblity
. . .i.,- eo..n.l
0 1 tills VUlUllir, i iia, ia w 0 v . . -u .
as it shonld to the varying neeiU of
eunimunities and of seasons. lunation
mnstbe' avoided;" btK some 'provision
should be made that will insure a
i..: , l eii :
larger volume i mouvy ..ui.uj, ipMce. ; st ,ay price; taera are others who,
and winter 'months than in the less ae-1 ,oji,,ing a falsa analogy, think that !
,,.i(ii, of the vear: SO that the cur- i t lr" heeesaary in rivi.ised IrtJin
tlVe'aSOns OI tne jear, o vua uc . . tndividaala to nrotect their rieb'..
rencv will contract against speculation
and will expand for the needs of legt
imatj business. At present the.treaAv
in. ... of thtt American pablie to try :
. -!.! -r;. bv nrovbline a '
fial erises by provbling a
should be provided by
remcly which ahoul.l b proTidea bjr
congressional action. r j
, V a,W. . ntHrrmil I
Bosioess Methods In Departments.
At variona times I have inatitwtcd in-
A various i'u' :,nt; ",'.
-cstiT'it ions into the oreanization ant
conduct of th buninMs in the execw
luuuuli ,ul ....
tie departments. While Bon o mo
in qui ties have . yrt
profrressca - rar
final conclusions,
enough to warrant
Dry department i t Irregularly recur- ami ,rrn it u t,r serioasly banper
rimir' intervals obliged. in the interest 1 the caora which Ihey advocate by tending fca
hM.i:. wrldlthat is. in tho!". bd
f.lSS WMAiait'Srv w - " MMJi MaiM 1 1fl ' S -Uw SVaaaTftaaw VfawS
they have already confirmed and em -
phusized : the general impression that
ttA .t-. . v a i
the wpnixatlon l, the department is
Often faulty tin principle and wasteful
in results; while wiany oi their bnsiness
nntK l.. -: , t . .
" are anuiuaiei amt inemcient.
nere is every r ?ason way onr
tivc governmental machinery should
at least as wen " planned, eeonom
and efficient as the best machinrv
WB..u,t "
at present is not the ease. To make it
Si is a task of eomnlci detail and es-
sentially executive in its nature prob
ably no legislative "bodv, no matter bow
j wise and able, could undertake it with
reasonable prospect of success. I rec
ommend that; the congress co"nsid? this
subject with a view to provide b4 leg
islation for transfer distribution, con
solidation and assignment of duties and
executive organizations or parts of or
ganist ions, ami for the changes in bust
ess methods, within r b.'twcen thi sev-eraT-xh'rtirtfients,
that will 'best! pro
mote the economy, efficiency andjhighj
character of the government work.
' Federal xUections. '
Is my last annual mmijje I said:
"The '"Kiwcr of the government to
protect tho inlegrity of the elections
of its own officials is inherent, and' has
been reeognir.ed and affirmed by rev
peatcd declarations of the supreme
, " o tf-my t -ego4
I eminent more dangerous and none so in
emirt. There is no enmy of free gov.
sidious as th eorrnption f the elector
ate. So one . defends or excuses) cor
ruption,, and it would seem to fjdlow
that none would opjiose vigorous ineas
nres t eradicate it. 1 recommend, the
enactment of , a law directed against
bribery and corruption in Federal elec
tions. The detail of such a law may
lie safely left to the wise -liscretion of
the congress, but it should go as far
under the constitution as it is ossiule
to, go, and should include -severe penal
ties against him who gives or receives a
bribe intended to' influence his act or
opinion as an elector; and provisions
for the publication not only of the ex
penditures for nominations and jelec
tions of all candidates, but also alii con
tributions -rceeivcil ant exenditures
niaJ by political committees."
, 1 desire to repeat this recommenda
tion. In pojitical campaigns in a coun
try, as large and populous as ours; it is
inevitable that -there should ie much
expense of an entirely legitimate 'kind.
This, of course, means that many eon
tributions. and some of them, of ilarge
size must be made, and, as a matter of
fact, in any big political : contest such
contributions are always made to both
ids. It is entirely, projter both to
give anil receive them, unless there is
an improper motive connected with
either gift or reception. If they are
extorted; by any kind' of pressure or
promise, 1 express or implied, direjet or
indirect, in the way of favor or im
munity," then the givfng or rechving
becomes not only improper but crimi
nal. It will undoubtedly be iliffichlt as
a matter of practical detail to shape
an act which shall guard with reason
able certainty against sucn misconduct;
but if it is possible to secure bjf law
the full and verified publication in de
tail of all the sun;s contributed to and
expended by the candidates or cofnmit
tees of any political parties, the resnlt
cannot but be ; wholesqme. All eOntri
butions'by corporations to. any political'
committee r for any political purpose should
be forbidden by ; law, director should oot
be permitted to ue stockholders money fur
Ktirh porpomM and, moreover, prohibition
of thi kind woald be, as far as it went, an
eifeetive method of stopping the evils-aimed
at in corrupt practices acts. Not only should
both the national and the several state leg
islatures forbid any officer of a corporation
from using the money of the corporation
in or about any election, but they should
alo forbid such- tise of money in connection
with any legislation saCe" by the employ
ment of conn w I -in public manner for dis
tinctly legal net-vires.
The Hague Conference.
The Brat conference of nations held at The
Hague in ; 1899, t.eing unable to dispose of
all the business before it. recommended the
consideration uiid settlement of a numlter of
mpcriant que.tiorm hy an.nhrr conferetire to
j le c!lel KithKeinntly and at nn early j date.
P'.K"' '"v",il"" """'"f " 7h-
j rifhis ant rijtivj tf neutral ; - ihe lim-
j jtuthm .f (he armed forces . Ijp.I ami .,
j and willtary badKeta: 3 the nw (
new ij e anfi rmnt-"- i ifnotrj ni wmvui
truns; (4 toe ia vu.laiillily or private ruf.
nly at in times f war; I . J the Ixou
l.nnlm. f.t of pt.nx, eitica and villages t.y
naval force. I ctlr, 1904, at tlie tn
ht.iiice tit the Interparliamentary tjiiion,
which, at a conference held in the t:itel
Htatr and -attended by the lawmaker l
tif teeu ttlffcrent nalinns, hod reiterate the
demanit for a nerund eunference f nations.
I isxtu'd in vital ions to all the powers fin
natory to The Hague cnTeBilt,n to nd
delefatea foi anch a conference, and augexud
th it il lie ajrain held at The llairne. In ita
note of Ilecduiber 16, lfl(M, the I tilted $tatea
Ktireninient ciia muiiicated to the repreenta
tivea of fnreiirn overnnient its lieliefj that
tlu ronferenre could be beat arranged tinder
the prvimuns of the present ilaeue treaty.
Kr.iin all the powers areeptaBce vi re
ceived, r4ipled iti Koine rases with, the con
dition that e h!il wait nntil-the end i.t
tiirf war then waging lietween Ranni ?
J.ipaii. The emperor of Kt:xsia, imniediatel
after ihe treaty -nf p ace which so hiippiiy
terming. cd this war, in a note presented to
the pre?iileut on September 13, thronh An.
bas tdor KJieo, twuk the initiative ui re,--omoicmf
ins; that the conference be now ciil.cJ.
The 1'niled St.-ites (toveraiaeat in re&pouie t-
j.icHRiil its iorili.il acquiescence ana s:ate
that the ronferen-e i-t nvw an assured I fart.
This giivexnment will do ' everythi&g ui ita
power to secure the success of the conference
to tho end that substantial progress may be
made in the cause ef international peace;
justice and good will.
This render it proper at this time t say
something as to the general attitude of this
government toward peace. H ore and more
war i coming to he looked upon aa in itself
m lamentable and evil thing. . A waoten or
nselena war, or a waa of mere gerc:,iin
in short, any wsr tt-(?nn rr rarriisl on In a
con scie lice k-ss t spirit, is to he condemneti
as a pecaliarly atrocious crime against alt
humanity. We can, however, do nothing of
permanent valae for peace unless we keep
ever clearly in mind the ethical element which
lies at the root of the pro bless. Oar aim ta
rigbteoaaneta. ' I'esce is ustinslly the hand
maidea af rigbteonsncas; hat when peace and
rightcoasnesa eonaict then a great and ;
right people ran never for a moment hesitate
to follow th path which leads toward Hgbr
Hrusncss, even though that path also leads
to war. jaere are persons wno aavmeai
with a Strang hand, U ia 'therefore wnaeees
ssry for-nsttons to be ready to defend jtiseir
rights. These persons woald do irreparable
barm to any natioe that adopted their-prta-
17 -..-kind iB eeoersi. aad of his own cowa
'try in particular,
.ZTu
try in particular, than tha demagocna of
en aw ea fll miV kn aadwrnrVn
,ZVw7 selnsh end. eontlnmtMy' rail, a and
abases ether nations, wh seeks te egeite
bis eeantrymen against foreigners en -
.liflri,tti prtet. who excite, and ium
peri-erae end aggrewire national vanity, and
wh anay I en ecrcaioas wantonly bring wa
hi. utio. .ad some lother
nation. Bui there are demagogues ef (peace
.... j . 4
J-" -i'T, fh
Ja e.-.aference it is essential not t be
titled by ene' art of extremist, any more
"hm y the etW. .Vknnr it UfiusiU.
,-r "I0 ., ,!J.,r
real" pcaee, xare4r t tilre VI Mutr
,rrielfr wr-w -neciry
nI riebtrous then either, the nan or; llrf
' VbrmkJn- 4k U forfeits ll title t
lf-rteet- We km seant sympathy wit
tftg itettumntaUtt h lrrd inremjun lees
execu-. thao physteal mffenag, mh wld prefer "J 1 11 11 j 1 , 1 I I V
i. hunrful peace to the uiiti4 toil soaetkiaes I fc. j I II 1 I 11 I X V I 1 I J V J
eal risfet.oa, peace. A. ,et tUer. i. only r ) I V A l&i V J? !
- af nrtiul and mafrterl feaaktar tetven uitc t . N. mi ViaS' 1 -- i i
keeBM. tkn it n Mnetioa t fere far
execntintr the former vhiJr ther u ia the
c ut ihe latter. The priTate eitiien , i
protected in bis rights by the law.- because
the law rests in the last resort spas fore
seceised through tha forma of law. A man
docs not bare to defewd his rigbta with bis
own hand, because he can rail upon the police,
upon fa sUenifa posse, a poo 4he militiat or
in certain extrvme cases upon the army, u
defend -him.. Uut there is no such sanction
of force for international law; At present
there could be no greater calamity than for
the free people, the onligbtoued. independ
ent, acd teace loving peoples, to disarm while
yet .leaving M opeat to aay bartsanam or oe
potism lu remain armed. S long , aa the
world ill as wnorga-nrsed aa n,w, the -armies
and navies of these peoples who on the whole
stand for justice, offer not only the best, b.
the .n!y possible, -aeearity -for a just peace.
Fcr instance, if the I nited States aloii. ot
iu company only with the other nation thai
on the whole tend to act jointly, disarmed, we
might . sometimes stvoid I toodshed, bat we
would cease to -be of weight in securing the
peace of justice the real peace for wbica the
moat law-abiding .and high minded men most
at limes be williag to beat. As the world
is now. only that nation is equipped for peace
that mm bow to fight and that will not
shrink frn tightiio.' if ever the condition
become such that war is demanded in the
banc of the highest morality.
So much it is emphatically necessary to sav
in order both that the ps.stio of the L'aitetl
Stales may not be icisu ndenttood. and that a
genuine effort to i'tSr nearer the day of the
peace f justice among the uatiotis vtiy not
be hampered hy a Tolly l.irh, in alriring t
achieve the impossible, would Tender it hope
less to. attempt the achievement of the prac
tical. Hut white recognising mo-it clearly
all above Bet forth, it remains our clear duty
ta strive lu every practicable wy t.i l.rinf
nearer the -lime when the aword shall not
be the arbiter among nations. At present the
practical thing to do is V try to minimize
the number of cases in which it must be the
arbiter, and to offer, at least to all civilized
powers, some substitute for war which wit
be available in at least a considerable nam
ber of instance. Very much eaa be done
through another Hague conference ia tint
direction, and 1 most earnestly urge that this
nation do all in its power to try to further
the movement and to make the result of thr
decision of The liarue conference -effective.
I -earnestly hope that the conference may be
able to. devise soma- way to rati arbitration
between nations the customary way of aettlini
interaationsl disputes in ail save a few classes
of eaaea. which should themselves tie sharp!
defined and rigidly limited as the- present
governmental and social development -f the
world will permit. If possible, there ahoult
be a general arbitration 'treaty negotiate.1
among all the nations represented at the
conference, Nentrsl rights and . property
"-ihould be protected at sea aa they are pro
tected on land. There ahonid be an inter
national agreement to this purpose and i.
similar agreement, defining contraband of war.
I ti ri a g the last century there baS been
distinct diminution in the number of wars
between the, most civilized nations. Inter
national relations bare become doner, ana
the development of The Hague tribunal is not
only a bv tup torn ef this growing closeness ol
relationship, but it i a means by which th
growth caa be furthered. - Our aim should b
from time to -time Aw take such steps aa ma
be possible toward cresting something like
an" organisation of the civilized uatiotis, be
canse s tha world beeoinm imire highly or
ganised 'the need for navies -and arniies wil.
diminish.-ft is not possible to secure any
thing iileei-. an immediate disarmament, le
caosa it wnuht first tie necessary te settle
w hate poop b-s are on the whole a menace -tt
the rest of mankind, and to provide agains.
the - disarms aient of the rest being turnet.
into .movement which would really chiefl
benefit these obnoxious : peoples; but it ma;,
be poStlhle. to exercise some cheek upon th
tendency - to - swell indefinitely the budgets
for military, expenditure. Of coura such an
effort eoahl succeed only if it did not sttemp:
t.do-tio much ; 'and if it were undertaken' ii.
a spirit -tit sanhy as far. removed jtit poseibb
from a'njerely hysterical pseudo-philanthropy.
tt'Tr'slvWrBTnftf wur-thaf iice tin
end efjh insurrection in the Philippines this
tuition "has 'shewn its practical faith in the
policy of disarmament by reducing its little
army one.third. . Hut disarmalnent Can nevet
he of prime importance there is more nee,
to got rid wf the raasee ef war than of the
implements wf wsr.
I have dwelt much on the dangers to be
avoided hy steering-clear ef any mere foolish
sentimentality because my -wish for peace is
so genuine and sarnest; because I have
real and great desire that this second Ha fcnt
conference -may mark a long stride forwara
in the direction of securing tha peace of jus
tice throughout the world- No object is bet
ter worthy of the attention of eelighteiiei
statesmansnip tnaa tue establishment -of a
surer method than now exists of securing
jutttice as between nations, both for the pr.i
teclion ef tU J is ale nations and for the, pre
vention of war lietween -Ilia big nation. T
this aim we shonld endeavor not only to avert
bloodshed." - but. alcove alL, efTectieely t
strengthen the forces-ef righ!.. 1 be tJolde
Kale shonld "bo.'acd as the world gmws i
morality it wilt be, .be guiding rule of rw.
duct among' nations as anient individaat ,
tft'rtih the frofden Rule mast not be rvi.
trued, in fanaatic manner, aa fi.rlnddlng tli
exercise of tlio police power.' '1 hi nijili
jbiI free republic khoulil ever deal with t.
ether slates, great or small, i.:i a basis
hitfh- honor, respecting their rights as jej.
imsly as it safeguards its own.
Monroe Koctriae.
One of the most effective instruments fi I
peace is the Monroe loetrim as it lias been
snd is being gradually developed Ly this nx
tion aud aoepled by other nations. No othe.
policy could have been hh efficient In promol
ig peace Stt the Western Hemisphere and iv
giving to each nation thereon the chance t.
develop along its own lines. If we bad re
fused to apply the doctrine to changing con
ditions, it woald now be completely outworn,
wotrtd not . meet any 'of the needs of tht
present day, and indeed would probably -
Ibistime havejsunk into complete ei.iivioi;.
:t i useful at home, and is meeting with re?
ignition abroad, because we have adapted our
epi.litr-tlb.nl of it to meet the growing at.d
-hnaiug needs' af the hemisphere. When
we ar.utmce a pltcy, , such -;ns the .Miximi
2ictric, we thereby cnnreiil ourselves to th;
conseourtices of the polic, and those con
waaences (toui linri to titi-e alter. It ia cu
of the -tjuestinn to ebUaj a right and yet shirt
Ihe respontfci!i!y for ita exercise. A'ot o-iIt
we. but all American republics who are
Leneilied by the existence of the doctriue
must rc-( gt.ixe the obligattana each nation is
under -as regards fercign peoples too less than
it duty te insist wpon its own -rights:.
Ibst eur rights end interests are deeply
concerned in the maintenance ef the doctrine
is so clear aa hardly to need argument. 1 hi
is especially true in view of the ronaerurtion
of the Panama renal. As a mere' matter "oi
self defense we mast exercise a close watch
over the approaches to this renal: and this
means that we mast be thoroughly "alive to
our interests in the Caribbean Hea. ' . -
There are certain essential points which
mast never he forgotten aa regards the Men
roe I Vic trine. .In the first' place we must aa
a nation make it evident that we de not in
tend te treat it in aay shape or way as aa
excuse for aggrandizement am our part at the
expense of the republics to the south. We
toast recognize the feel that in eeme Houti
American countries there baa bee a much sus
picion lest we should interpret the Mot. me
itectrinc aa in soane way ' inimiral to their
interest, and we must try lo convince all the
ether nations ef this continent eni a" and foz
all that no just and orderly government baa
anything to fear from s. There ere certain
repablice to the south ef a a which have al
ready reached tuck -point af stability, erdcr,
and prosperity that they themselves, tbeasfc
as yet hjrdly consciously, are among the
gsaransars ef this doctrine These republics
we new xreet not oly a bests of entire
etraslity. but la a spirit ml frank and respect
ful friendship, which we bop is mutasl. If
all of the republics to the soath of us will
only grew as those te which 1 allade have
already grown, all need fer we te be the
especial chempioes ef the dectriaw will die
appear, for no stable aad growing' American
rcpablie wishes to see some great net-America!
military power ecosire territory in i's
neigh bo rheod. All that this con a try desires
is that the other republics en this continent
ahail be happy and prosperous: and they can-
not be happy and pn-prous nates they j -
mniatatn erder within their boundaries and
behave with a just regard fer their obliga
tions toward eulsidera. It must .be ander-
toed that nnder no tircumstances will the
I nited Slates use the alenree Iirtrine aa a
chk .r tecrttori.1 aggr.i,. We dr.
peace with all the world, bat peruana most ef
all with the ether peeplee ai tha American
-. . 'aaa. i j t i x "V m ft i - v -
law. " . . .VJV- ' ' 7
i
Absolutely Purp
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A GRAPE CREAM OF TARTAR CAKING POWDER
It makes the most delicious
and healthful hot breads,
biscuit and cake r
FREE FROU ALUM, LE.IE OR PnOSPHATIC ACID
J i " ' '-.-'-; t
No other baking preparation or powder
has equal leavening -strength
or healthful
ROVAL'aUKIN POWDCR CO NEW VOK
continent. .Thcre are ofieourne limits to the
wrongs which any' self respecting nation ran
endure. tt is always pos'iole tost wrong
eeiiona toward this nation, or toward citisens
f this nation, in some state unable to keep
order among it own people, unable to seeotre
j not ice from outsiders, and unwilling te do
justice to those outsiders who treat it well,
way result in our having to take action to
protect our rights; but such anion will not
oe taken with a view to territoiial aggression,
and it will be taken at all only with ex
treme reluctance and when it baa become
evident that every other resource ha. been
exhausted.
Moreover, we must make It evident that we
do net intend to permit the Monro Moctrine
to be used by any . nation en this continent
us a shield to protect it from the conse
quences of its own misdeeds against foreign
nations. If a republic to'tbe aoath of va
commits a tort against a foreign nation, suea
is an outrage against a ritiaen of that nation,
then the Monroe Doctrine does net force us
to interfere to prevent punishment of the
tort, save t see that the Punishment doe not
assume the -form of territorial occupation in
any shape. , The case is j snore difficult when
it refers to " a contractual obligation. tlor
ewn government baa always refused to en
force, such contractual obligations on behalf
jf its citiseuk by an. appeal to arms. It is
much ta b Lrisbed thst all foreign govern
ment would, take the same view. But they
de net; and jin consequence we are liable at
any time toj be brought: face to' fare with
disagreeable alternatives. On the one hand,
this country would certainly decline to-go to
war to . prevent a foreign government f mm
collecting a just debt, on the ether hand, it
ia veryi inadvisable- to permit any foreign
power 4 take possession, even temporarily,
af the custom house, of an American republic
4i.rd.r to-ea force th, psympnt pf its obiiga-
tions; for such temporary occupation might
turn' into a permanent occupation. - Ihe only
escape front these alternatives rosy st any
time be that we must ourselves undertake to
uriMt about some arrangement by which so
much as possible of a just obligation shall be
paid. It is far letter tnat this country snotiiti
put through such an arrangement, rather than
1 1 low any foreign country to anaertaae it.
fo do so insures the , defaulting republic
from having te pay debts ef an improper
character under duress, while it also insures
honest creditors of the republic from being
passed by in the interest ef dishonest or
grasping creditors. Moreover, for the lotted
.States te take sucn a position offers me only
possible way ef insuring ua against a clash
with some foreign power. The position is.
therefore, in the interest of pemce as well as
in the interest of justice. It is of henellt
to our people; it tt of benefit lo foreign peo
ple; and uutat of all It is really of benebt to
he people ef the country concerned.
'this brings. te to what should be one of
he fundamental objects of the Monroe tloc
rine. v We mast our-telvea in good faith try'
ln-lp upward toward peace end "tuder those
f our sister republics vtnirn nifil uH help.
:j.t as there has been a gradual growth o.
In- e.hi-l r'.eiuent in the reUtbias of one
uttivitloal lo another, ito We are. even lhou.i.
.tuwiy, more nnd more' coming to recognize
br duly of l-e-.iiiig one another's burtlens,
tot only as aw'oiig individuals, but also as
tmnug uaiioint. i
s Sattto Domingo.
Santo lbiuiingo, in ber turn, has now made
4it ait-dl to us to help ber, and not only
every pliiiciple of wisdom but every geuerwua
iiihtiiii-t within us Litis us renMintl to the
uppeui. It is not. of the slightest etmsetienc
beibcr we grant the aid needed by B.111I0
llomingo as sn incident to the wise develop
incut t f the Monroe Uoctrin. or beceuae we
regard the case ef Kante lJouungo as stamlins
holly by itself, and to be treated as such.
4 ad not en general principles or with any
:elerre to lb Monroe I loctrine. The. nil
(Hrtant point is lo give the needed aid, and
he rase ia certainly suniciently peculiar lo
deserve to be judged purely tun ils own mer
its, 'ihe conditions la Ssnto llumiugo have
ir a numl-cr nf years grown 1 rum bad te
worse until a year ago all society wes on the
.i-re 1 1 dissolution. ' Ktirlunittetj. just at
mis time a ruler aprang up in Msnio lK.uiius-o,
ni. with - his eelleagues, sew the dangers
threatening their rnuntry and appealed to the
iriendsbip of the only great -and powerful
bi-ighbor who possessed the power, and aa they
Uord alaa tue will U help them. There was
imminent danger f foreign intervention. The
previous rulers ef ISsnio I kimisttt had reck
lessly incurred debts, and owing to ber in
ternal, disardera she had ceased to be able
to provide mesns of ' paying the debt. - The
patience ef her foreign creditor bad ibecome
exhausted, and at bast two foreign nations
were on the point of intervention, and were
only prevented from twterrening by the un
official a sub ranee ef thia government I that it
would itself arrive to help Hanto Iten-.iago in
her , hour of need. In the rase of ene of
these - nations, only the actual opening of
negotiation, to . this end by eur government
prevented the- eeistare of territory ia Hanto
Oocaitge by a European : power. Of the
debt, incurred home were just, while .some
were not of a character which really renders
it obligatory en. or proper for, Manto Do
mingo to pay them ia full. But she eeuld
net pay any of them unless some stability
waa assared .her government and people.
Acrord fngty the " executive department of
oar geverameat negetated treaty under
which w are to try to 'help the losslnlce
people to atraighten eat their B nances. This
treaty ia pending liefore the senate. In th
aacanthn a teniporary arrangement has teen
made which will last nntil the aenate ita a
had time to take act ban spas the treaty
L nder tiiis arra ngemcet tn . Oomiairan gov
ernment has appointed Americana to U th
important positioaa la the easterns service,
and they are aeeing te the honest eallertioa.
ef the reveaaea, turning over 43 per cent to
the goverassent for - raaaing expenses and
patting , the ether 55 iper cent Into safe
depositary for eaaltahfit division ia eaa the
treaty shell be ratified, among the vaiieas
creditors, whether European or American.
The custom houses offer . well nigh ' the
only sources of revenue in Santo I inminge,
and the different revolutions arually hare a
tkie wm m IM fth j,l.l.imi. -
,hrse en stem houses. The nvcrefsct Ihst
the collectors of customs are Americana, tUmi
lacy are pcriormuig taetr duties with erad
acy and honesty,- and ' that the treaty is
pending in the aenate, gives a certain moral
power to the government of Anto Domingo
which it ha not had before. "Ih;s his com
pletely discouraged all areola flowery - move
ment, while it has already produced such
qualities
an increase in the revenues that tb goverii- J
uieni is actually geiiing uimr itum iur -
per cent that the American collectors turn
over to it than it got formerly when it took
the entire revenue. ft is ensbling the poor
harassed people of Hanto iouingo ttace ui?re
to turn their attention te industry and to :,e
free from Ihe curs of interminable revolu
tionary disturbance. It offers to all bona
tide ereditors. American ana r.uropean, in
only , really good chance to obtain that to
which they are justly entitled, while it in
return gives to Santo Uontingo tb only op-
portunity of defense againtt claims which it
ought nttt to pay. r now if it meets th
views of the senate we shall ourselves thor
oughly examine all these claims, wnerner
American or foreign, ana see mat none inai i Bn ewgagement with much aueri.ir ve.. i
are iiuj.n.per are paid. There is. of course. ! a jie men aboard th Utter ate ineffertix ,
opposition to the treaty from dishonest rred j whether from lack ef training or from n
iters, foreign and American, and from the I ,her cause. Modern war ships' are in.
professHinal revolutionists ef the ialand itseif. J formidable mechanisms when Arcll hsnui'
We have already reason to believe that some I but jlhey are otterlv useless hen not w.
of, the creditors who do not dare exose handled ; and thev cannot be 'handled at t
their rmima to honest scrutiny are endeavor- ? withUit long and careful training. Tl
ing lo stir up sedition in the island and oppo- ( training rjm under no circumstance be giv.
sition to the tresty. In th meantime I have when once war has broken out. No fight i;
exercised the authority vested in me by the t 8Uip 9 the first class .huuld ever he bi
joint resolution of the congress to prevent ' nu uva fr necessary repairs; and her en
the introduction of arms into the island' for j thtiald be kept -constantly eserrised on t,
revolutioirsry purposes. high seav so that she may stand t the big
Vndcr the coarse taken, atabittty and order , est point ef perfection. To put a new s
and. all the benedta -of peace are at least untrained crew upon the nust powerful ball!
coming to Hanto Domingo, danger of foreign iship and send it out to meet a formula!,
intervention. has been auspended, and there ia : enemy ia not only - to invite but to insu
at hist a prospect that all creditor will get I disaster and disgrace. To improvise erev
justice, no more and no less. If the ar-J at th outbreak of a war. ae far a. the sei
raugement it terminated ty the failure of ; fighting craft are concerned, is absolute
the treaty rhaoa will follow; and if ehaoa ! hoies. If the officer and men are n
follows, sooner or later this government may j thoroughly skilled tn, and have not be,
be involved in serious difficulties with fr- thoroughly trained to, their duties, it woo
eign governments over the island, or else - be far better to keep the shipa la port du
may be forced itself te intervene in th j hostilities thsn to send them agaennt
island in some unpleasant fashion. fnder formidable opponent, for th result rou
the proponed treaty th independence-'of h t-mlf ba, that tliey wxiubt lav either sunk t
inland is acruoulouslv respected, the danger', captured. The marksmanship of eur tisvy
if violation of the Monroe loctrine by the i now bn the whole in a gratifying eondilto'
intervention of foreign.-powers vanishes, apt 1 "d there' haa been a great improvement t
the interference tf our' government la mini- ' ct praftice. . W need additiunaj seamei
mixed, so that we shall only art in eon- ww need a large store of reserve guns;
junction with the Hsnto Domingo authorities ' need sufficient money for ample target pm
to secure the proper administration -f the Hrr. ample practice of every kind at ses. S
customs, and therefor to sera re the pay- I should' substitute for com psrs lively jneft.i
ment of just debts and to set-are the !, I ent types the old third-claes battleship Tei
miniean government against demands for!, the single-turreted monitors abov inn
unjust debts. Tha proposed method will give j tioned, and indeed all the monitors and smu
the people of Hanto Domingo the name chance ' ' '" cruisers efficient, modern, se:
to move onward and opwsrd whjich he hasre soing vessels. Seagoing torpedo-boat tli
already given to the people of ub. It will ) rovers should be substituted for some
be doubly to our discredit as a nation if we ! tuc smaller torpedo boats. Daring the pre
fail to take advantage ef this chance; for . ent congress there need be no additions I
it will be of damage to ourselves, and it wilt '; the aggregste number-of units of the nsvi
be of incalculable damage to Hanto Domingo, i r navy, though very small relatively to t .
Kvery cntisidcratioa of wise policy, and, above I navies of other nations, ia for th pret
all, every consideration of In re generosity. sufficient in point of numbers for our need'
bids as meet the request of Hanto !t.uliixti snd while we must constantly strive to nisk
a w are now trying to meet it.
Armjr and Navy.
V cannot consider the . oucstion - of oar
foreign policy without at the same time
treating of the afmv and th navy. . We now
have a very small army indeed, one
nieh innnitesSnml, when eotupared with the
army of auy user. Urge nation. Of earn
the army w do have nhonld ! aa nearly
perfect of its kind and for ita six aa is pos
Kilb', I do not Lclieve tbst any army in the
-wtn-fd hs a letter average of enlisted snsn
or a belter type of junior effieer; but tb
army should' be trained to act effectively id
mass. 1'rovision should he made by enfti
eieut appropriations fur maneuvers of a prac
tical kind so that tb troops may Inn how
to tan care of theuiselves under actual rer
twWnc 'lr with tii- ftcttfl Itmdei rsatlr
- - - ...... i. . . - , hiiimii, lor iiuiinrp,
m bw nu Id I in mn
Th
Provision, should be made for th. rrri.
" r aw-Bsae-aa B H a sir .
M-rtlan rimiihi-rn
generals and eoPmels wtrabl theret.y km 7 .'""r"'."u ir. ns nistnsrgeu in.
opM.rttinily-of handling regiments, brigade. " VfL, u "f , ,-"u iomiiie.i a
and divinons; and the commissary and raedi ! r(-b- h' rh l . transmitted lo th con
cat dctwrtmeat would be tested in the hel.l F" tvr roostderation, and, 1 hope, foi
at least of a brigade and by preference of a I I The distinguishing recdiumendatVnna of tn.
division in msrchiog and embarking at some . commission are:
point on our roast and disembarking at some. First- A federal bureau of naturalinatinn
otlier inl and eonlinuiag ita march. The to be established in the department of con.'
number of posta in which the army i. kept nierce and latM.r. to supervise the aduitiis
in tinie of peace aboold be materially di tration of the naturaliiation lawk and t
nwmibed i and the posts that are left mad . receive returns of naturatixatiuiia' pendinr
rurretpfindtngly larger. Ha , local interests j and accomplished.
should be allowed to stand in the way of Hereed Uniformity of naturalization cer
assembling the greater part of lb trot ps tific.tes. fees to b charged, and procedure
-which would at need form odr Held armies. Third More exacting 14usl1H.ali.Mis for
in stations of such six aa will permit the ritisenahip. , s
beat training to be given to the personnel Fourth The preliminary declaration of in
of ail grades, including th high officers and tention to be abolished and no alien to be
staff "flirer To accomplish this end w haeuralised until st least ninety -days after
mt have not emapeny or regimental gar-1 the filing of bis petition.
rtnona. bar brigade - and division garrisons. J fifth Jurisdiction to naturalixe aliens t,
I ramotioa by mere seniority tean never remit s b confined to I'nited Mtate district courls
a thoroughly efficient corps of officers in ' and to such state courts as have jurisdiction
th higher rank, unless there arcomponiea il ia civil actions in wbich the amount in cmi
a vigorous wedmg out process. , Huch a f trnversv is unlimited; in cities of over Km -weedineont
process that is. sach a process OIKi inhabitants th United Htates district
of selection is a chief feature of the four1 courts to bare exrlusiv Juristli.tion in the
year, course of the young officer at West naturalisation , of the alien reaidenta of audi
t'oint. there is no good reason why it cities. s j.
should slop immediately anon bia graduation. CrlmlnsJ r... .---'"
While at West Point he is dropped unless h . , CrlmlnU ZWa.
comes op to a errtain standard of eaeellenee, n,r '! message I asked th aTtenlion
and when he graduate, he takes rank in the ; congress -to the urgent need ef anion t'.
army according to his rank of graduation. ' make our criminal law more efftM-tfre: and 1
The results are good at West Point; and "oat eameetry reonest that you pay heed to
there should be in th army itself something ' ,h 'eport of the attorney general on lh,
that win achieve the same end. After a bje,. Centuriee ago it was especially
certain ape baa been reached the averjge needful to throw every safeguard round H.e
officer ia unfit to do good work below a eer- accused. The dsnger then was leat he shouhl
tain grade. Provision should b made for he wronged by the aUl. The danger is mnv
the promotion of exceptionally sseritorioua exactly th reverse. Our laws and cutton
men v-er the head, of their comrades and ,,,, Immensely in favor of the criminal and
for to retirement of all men who have
coached a give age without getting beyond-
given rank : thia age ef retirement ef eoura
rhsnging frm rank to rank. In both the
army and the aery ' there should be Some
principle of selection, that I. of promct ion
for merit, and thert should be a resolute
effort to eliminst the aged officers of reput
able character who possess no special ef
ficiency. '..
There thoald be a increase in th coa.t
artillery force, so that our coast fortifications
cvn ' be ia aeme degree adequately- manned.
There is special ad fer a' increase and
renr gsnixatioa of the anedieal tdepartmnt ef
the army, la both th army and navy there
mast be the same thorough training fur duty
in staff cerpe as ia the fighting line. Only
by such training ia advance can w be ear
that ta actnsl war field operations and thna
at aea will be carried en successfully. The
importance of this waa shown conclusively tn
th fipaniah-Aaserieaa aad the Haaoo-Japanes
wars. Ihe work of the medical departmen's
ia the Japanese army and navy U esperUlly
worthy of study. I renew my recommenda
tion f January 0, jilt o&, as to the medical
department of the army aad call attention
to the equal importance of the needs of . the
staf cc.rp of the nsvy. In the medical de
partment of the navy the first ia importance
ia th reorganisation f the b..l
th lines ol Ihe iJaliinger i;Kl is. t
rusrv 1, ItMUl, ami the reaijM.ii.i
tb -different -grader of lh Me--'
to meet service requirenicms. Ii Keeir,
Vissble a Ik that,,medicsl ofticera
and navy should have similar rant. : i
in their respective grades, ma that ibeir i
can. e-carried en witlemt, frit li..i ! . ,i
arc brought together. The base -L.mj.it.r
the navy ahould 1 i-ut in cundrtton i
modern reodiremcnla and hospital th:;
provided, t'nw-as we now provide with a
Mweiheuchl for th medical needs
army and navsj appalling suffering of s
rentable kind is sure to tceur if evrr
I country goes t war. II is not ret '
to expect successful aummisiraiion i i
ef war of a seiarursl shirs larks a i
f the number ef .IRcera- necessary t
forca the snedieall service in lime of p
We inced ttrc-n wk'i are not merely dm i
they mual be trained 'in the adu.jtiii.ifi
lef military medical service.
1 n..vy must, relatively to Iho n.tvU
t,thernaH.n, always be of gresier size t
' our armr. W have Most wiety romin
fi.r a niiuiiirr .f years to bnild up onr t.
and it has now resched a Csirly bih'Kt
ard of catier.ey. Ibis sfsndard nf . e
e:cy nnl not rnly be maintained, but
eieased. It does not einti me ne-e
ht.eever. that lb navy! slijmbl at e
Jth hueicdUte fliiureb increased J cnn,;
present nnuil rr of units Oisl Is i..e .-
It
aary la to sutisiijuce emi-ieni ii
cILcierl um:s as the Litter vect.me worn
r as it becomes apparent that they ant i
le-s. Prolutl-ly the reoult would i itl'n
by adding a iii;le battk-khip lo our navy .
vear, the aupwrwded tr mvni vessels b.
laid up or broken op as they arc thus
placed. the four unite turret monitors I
immedi-itcly Shfler the close sif ln-, Fpi
war, for instance, are vessels which
le of but litlle ue in the event of war.
nmn tpent upon rhem eeald hsv been in
i ucflly sciit in other ways. 'I bus it u.
! haver" Uij far Idler nevrr le have butl
I iu (li- t.ite .f thk mtntitttrs aad have
'the Baser 'Into an ample supply tif rete
i guns. ; Most of the smaller cruisers i '
gunlioats. th .urh ' Ihey serve a nu-tul i
; pf.se so far they are needed fur in
national ptilire work, would not add to
slrenrth ol ir njvy in a eotiflict s 1 1 1
etitMik fe. There i urgent need of I
viding 'a large ittcreaae in Ihe nunii.er '
wmcrra, ' aaC especially in the nutuLer t.f t
listed mru. J '
Keren t uavsl history has ewtpbasited t ;
rain 1 sous which ought tint to, bit wh ''
do, need emphasis. Kragoing torpedo Im t.
or destroyers are indispensable, not only
making Ught attack by sjrpris uptiu '
enemy, but even in bsttle for linishing she "
crippled anips.. t'nder exceptional cirri 1
lances submarine boats would doubt lest .
of use. fast scunts are nettled. The in.
atrrngth of the navy, however, lies and
only lie iu the great bstttebi..-the besvi 1
armored, heevily g Baned vrstel wbirb - j
ci tie the mastery of the sea. Iteavy arti
rreisers also play a mot useful bsrt, s
unarmed cruisers, if swift enough, are v. -narfal
as -scouts. Between antagonists f
ai,rokii.iately - eijual pro Wets Ihe coiiii
tive pecfcclioU c,f the instrunients of wsr t k
rdinanly deteemme t tie Aghl. Milt it is '
course true Ibjt the man behind the i
tli man m the engine room, and Hie man
the cuiininp -tower, rolistdi-red not only
i di .jdnally, but especially with regard lo t,
WAv in whirh the- work tovetlH-r. are ev .
,,'. Imimrtant titan the wrapons with win
I lB4, work. The tnotl formidsble batllcl
is of course helpless., against even a lu I
cruiser if the men atioard it .re unable .
hit anything with their guns; and thorium!
w,n handled cruUers may connl wriuutly
its emcieney nigner, taer neett be no ndil
I lions to the total number of shins now bml
and building, aave tn the way of .ubstitn
- iion a aoov ontunea. 1 rertimmemt iti
repwrt ,f the kecretary of the navy to tb
careful consideration of the congress, espet i
ally wi'lh a view to the Itgislstiou theren
advocated.
Naturalisation Law..
During the past year evidence ha. S'
euniulaled to confirm the esprrssi;ms con
taiined in my last two annual message, as t
the . importance of revising by appropriat.
legislation onr system of iisturAlianig slient
I apiK'inted last March a eommisin to niski
a careful eseininatinn of our tiHlursliist nu
Isws, and tt anggest appropriate measures tt
avoid the notorious abuses resulting from tin
improvident or unlawful granting 6f citixen
. - . . : .. .
W"l. WIS WttlWfMIWStttH, CtlTll JMlSeU Of Ht O ' 1 1
r '"e uiTimrn oi Male, i XUm cic
"-" juaticr, man ine ajairiineiit
- . .
rale action. .
against th interests of the pshlic he Im
wronged. Home aniiouated snd outworn rui-
which one safeguarded th threatened fn'iU
of private citisens, now merely Work tiaini
to the genersl liody politic, Tb ' erimin.-il
process of .any court of tb I'nited r ta' .
should run throughout th entire lerritur. 1
extent of our country. Th delays t.f t-.
criminal low, no les thsn of tbe eivtl, now
smouat to a very great evil.
Breach, t!t Trust In PubUe Servtes.
' There seems te be no statute of th I'tiifi !
8tstes wbieh provides for the ptinUhinetit if
United Htates attorney or other i.,rr . '
the government who corruptly agrees t ,
wrongfully do or wrongfully rcfrmn fr
doing any act when the consideration I -such
rormpt agrment Is other than in ,
possessing money vain. This ougiit t i
remedied by appropriate legihlatiou. l. .
bitten shoo Id also be e nacted to covt-r ex
plicitly, nneoutvocally and beyond qo.
breach of trust in.th shspe of premuiur.
divulging official secret by an nfticer r 1 .
ploye of tha 1.' nited States, and to i-r,-. ; ;
suitable penalty therefor. Huch 1,.'-- r
employee owea th dutv to the I'nited I
to -guard rsreftilly and not tn dn-nt r ,
" (Continued on page 5).