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About Weekly Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1900-1924 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 16, 1900)
I ,' i WEEKLY OREGON STATESMAN, FRTBXY, ; fTOttTJARY 16, 1900. READY FOR WORK The Repablicani Committees Fix Times and Places. DECIDE ON LARGE CONVENTIONS McXIbbvUI Carrie Off th Prize Prim aris March tlt County Cob ventlona on the t9th. . .-" PORTLAND, Feb. 15. McMinn ville gets the republican congresional - convention for the First Oregon dis trict. The date is jTue'sday, April loth, and the hour 10 a. m. - Portland gets the siate convention of the dominant party, and the date is Thursday, 4 April- 12th. ; The Second district convention will be held in Portland the next 'day, (Good) Friday, the -13th. i;" : , v . The rate 0 representation in all three conventions! is one at large for each county, and one for each 150 votes cast for Governor Geer, and qpe tor 75 votes or ove. ; This will give j a state convention with 338 delegates, and there will be. 163 represented at McMinnville. , The First district committee, which met at 10, -took 200 as the number to figure delegates from. This gave; 127 delegates at McMinnville., But an other meeting was held at 3:30, after the aljournjnent of the state committee (which met at 2), and at that time a change was made, to conform to the rcpresf-ntation fixed for the state con- , vention and the Second district conven- t " tion. . t, ! ,-.J .The democrats hold their state con vention in Portland the same day the republicans hold theirs. In the vote for place, in the First ; district convention, Salem recaired two I votes, out of the total of thirteen cast. Roseburg and Oregon City were also contestants. J. P. Irvine, the Yamhill committeeman, hadi gathered r several - proxies, and so the Yamhillshire town carried theday. I j It will be noticed that Marion county gets 22 delegates tin both the Congres sional and state conventions. ; 1 The First district convention! will be the largest in point of numbers ever held. The following is of delegates for the the state: Baker Q, Benton the apportionment various counties of 8. Clackamas 15. Clatsop 12, Columbia 6, Coos 7, Crook 5. Curry 3, Douglas 12, Gilliam 4. Grant 7, Harney: 3,j Jackson! 10, Jose phine 7, Klamath 4 Lake 4, "Lane 14, Lincoln 4. Linn 14. (Malheur 4, Marion 22, Morrow 5. Multnomah 70, Polk 0, Sherman 4. Tillamook, 5, Umatilla 13, Union 12, Wallowa 5, Wasco 10, Wash ington 13, Yamhill 12, Wheeler 4; to tal 33 i '. ! j ; It was reccomoiended that primaries be held March atst and the county conventions 'March '29th, A FARMERS' INSTITUTE. HELD BY 'THE WASHINGTON COUNTY PEOPLE. Interesting Discussions of Important Questions -Fruit Pests and ! ' Soil Moisture. i FOREST GROVE (Or.) Feb. 15 (Special). Although cold and stormy, the residents of Washington county turned out in goodly numbers to attend the first day's meeting of the Farmers' Institute held hefej today. The meet ing was called to order by Dr. J. W'ithvcombc, of the Oregon agricul tural colIege, of Corvallis, and, pro ceeded to the election of a chairman. Austin1 Buxton was the unanimous choice of the meeting, and during the progress of the; : institute he demon- strated the wisdom of the choice. Cot. J. B. Ed3y,j in a short address, welcomed the members of the institute to Forest Grove and at the same time coimpliniented the farmers and fruit, raisers' on theirs desire to gain more infotniation along the lines of their oc cupations. Colonel Eddy reasoned that as "knowledge was power," the getting of more practical knowledge along these lines would give themi more power to accomplish this work in better 'ways 'and at less expense. , Dr. James 'Withycombe responded to the address of i welcome His Re marks were upon the line of "more mind and less muscle" in ; the methods of farming, with better results. He set forth several leaks) upon the farm that cause great waste,! and that could be javoided. Among other things he men tioned the leaving of machinery in the fields to rust and rot, instead of prop erly housing it j during the winter. The "Fruit Pests" were then spoken upon by Prof. A. j B. Cordley, of the O. A. C, in which he discussed the codling moth, apple scab and disease of the bark known as apple tree anthrac mose. He discussed the remedies Jpr these diseases as related to spraying. The discussion, by the meeting, of this address, brought but many valuable points in regard to diseases of fruits! A reading .was then given by Miss S. T. Crow, .showing the need of ed ucation and refinement even in the cook in the kitchen, ;as this would tend to elevate" this vocation, as it had done nursing. whffh, ' in the past, was considered one of the menial labors. After the noon intermission, Dr. Withycombe addressed the audience on "Conservation , of Soil Moisture. Along this line-1 he said the present method of summer fallowing, ' as car ried on by the Oregon farmers, is rapidlr deteriorating the soil. That the best and only way to maintain a .v proper amount of I moisture in the soil : -;s by a rotation of crops. The raising of clover, peas,; or vetches, as a rota tion, was advised.; - He said to raise large- crops and j to deteriorate . the soil was not successful farming' but that raising a large crop and still maintaining the fertility of the soil, was the work of the successful farmer. After the full discussion of this sub- ject, W. K. Jewell introduced the sub r 1 manures, discussing it at length, when adjournment was had. RUSSIA NEEDS MONEY, Will Float Bonds in New York Build Railroads. to t Iew.York. Feb. 15- The Press says: It has been recently recoiled that $10.- 000 000 4 per cent bonds of a Russian railway, the Wiadikawkas & Sooih ea&tern. soon -will Jo, placed upon the ew York market. The bonds will have the guarantee of the Russian gov ernment, and, being intended solely for tnis country, the amount will be stated in dollars. ; - The negotiations for placing the bonds, it is said, will ,be conducted by a syndicate which has been formed by a New York life insurance stomtianv. which dees business in Russia, and it is understood that the issue practically has been underwritten by this syudi qate. thereby insuring its success. Pre sumably, if the bonds are not disposed of by the syndicate, they will be taken by the life insurance company or by the his been underwritten by this syndi cate be successful in distributing the above noted loan in this country, prob ably Russia will be encouraged to nego tiate for other loans for more import ant amounts, for her requirements for railway purposes alone, during the cur rent year, are understood to be heavy. The business motive which, induced the life insurance company to become interested in this first loan; may be expected to appeal to other corpora tions in this country which have deal ings with Russia. The Russian govern ment has been liberal in its purchases of all kinds of railway material in this country, paying therefor full prices, and thereby it has established very fav orable business relations with other manufacturers. '' MONTGOMERY HANDICAP. Memphis, Tenn., Feb. 15. The weights for the Montgomery handicap, the first of the big spring events, are announced by Secretary MacFarland. The Montgomery will be run on the opening day of the Memphis spring meeting. Declarations are due on or before March 1st AGAINST BOXING. Albany, N. Y., Feb. 15 A bill re pealing the so-called Horton law, which permits boxing matches in the state, was passed in the assembly to day, the vote standing 92 yeas to 36 nays. The bill has now goneto-the senate. A CUBAN POET ON GEN. WOOD An Amusing Account of the New Governor of the Island. In a letter written from Havana to El Mundo by the Cuban poet and chess player, Manuel Marquez Sterling, oc curs the following passage in regard to General Wood, the new governor of tfre island: "The chief topic of conversation is: 'Who is Wood?' 'He is the physician of the wife of the president of the Unit ed States. . 'What is Wood going to do?' He is going to decentralize us. 'Where does Wood cOme from?' From the East. 'Whither is he going. That is only known to the president of the United States. "For my part I have Wood on th? brain. At 10 o'clock in the morning I plant myself in his office and say: " 'Is Don Leonardo in? " 'Yes, sir.' '"Tell him that' "'The general does not receive until 4 o'clock in the afternoon." "And at 4 o'clock I have another similar interview. " 'Say, how many times has General Wood put his overcoat on?' "These and similar facts are careful ly jotted down in my note book. "Wrood is simpatico; well mannered, respectable, careful in dress, nay, ele gant, and just a trifle bald. He lias, they say, artistic tastes, yet he yawned last night while listening to la Chalia sing in the Tacon theater. He has had discussions with the foremost generals of the golden isle, and after experienc? ing. dejection under the enormous weight, of the accusation of General Miro, he has recovered himself and has faced the notables with the following words: 'On my word as a physician and a soldier we are going straight in the direction of independence. "And as winter politics have brought with them great cold and as the waters which October left in the Prado have frozen, this! afternoon he was skating with some gentlemen wearing blue scarfs in the direction of la Punta. "The multitude respectfully taking off their hatj, shouted, 'Viva Wood. Long live the secretaries!' "I was on the point of bursting out laughing." -Mexican Herald. RECENT INVENTIONS. For adjusting ' Weisbach and other gas lights a handy bracket is formed1 of a pair of lanzy tongs mounted on a wall bracket, with the burner fitted on a pole at the outer end. the gas being Heads of a cuff buttori are securely held together iby a new link., formed of a single piece of spring wire, one end of which is slotted to receive the opposite end, making .a smooth in ternal surface, which prevents' the but ton loop pulling itself out. r An improved horse . collar has means (n Anninr init -l nci n-cr it at the ton instead of pulling it over the animal's head, a U-shaped plate being provided at either end. with a yoke shaped to fit the ends of the collar, -with locking devices to hold the ends in place. An Englishman has patented' a ci garette which decreases ? the danger from poisons which pass off in smoke, a thimble being set- in the end of the wrapper, with holes at the inner end. covered by a layer of fabric, inside of which is a wad of absorbent material. Chicago News. ' ' i To prevent animals from tangling their feet in their tether ropes a Vir ginian has designed a hanger for the end of the rope, comprising a .T-head set on top of a vertical post, with pul leys arranged in the head to carry the rope, -which has a weight at, the end to take up the slack. s HIES J TRAVELERS' NO EASY TASK TO GET (THEM FROM GERMANY TO N. Y. First the Buyer Must Foil the Guile of the Peasant Breeders Then the Birds Must Have the Closest Atten tion on Shipboard--Perils of Disease and Rats at Sea. - -, "The Sun published recently a story about canary breeding 4n Germany," said the head of a large bird import ing firm in this city. "I ; wondered when I saw it whether the average reader wouffd have the slightest idea ot the amount of work implied in the transfer of the birds' from the German breeders to the American owners ot pet canaries. It's a long story and as full of problems as a modern novel. Of course, a good many of the German birds go to the English market, and it is comparatively a simple matter to ship them so short a distance. A large proportion of the foest singers, the Campanini birds, stay in Germany; for the Germans are such music lovers that they will pay sixty or seventy, dollars tor a canary, more quickly even than the Americans who are supposed to be so lavish with money. Still, th Unit ed States afford the best bird market in the world, and. the number of ordin ary grade canaries shipped here" each season is enormous. New Yotfk is the distributing point, and jthe New York importing firms have a large staff of employees working fot them abroad. We have about thirty : traveling men who go back and forth between Europe and New York. Then, too, we have a few travellers in South America and Africa, but our chief trade is in canaries and is carried on with the great Ger man exporting houses, whose ship ments we distribute. "These German firms employ scores of pickers, who go from viMage to vil lage though the bird breedng districts selecting the singers. The picker's io"o isn't any snap. I can tell you. ' He has to be as shrewd as a weasel; for the breeders are up to all sort of tricks, and will try in every possible way to get aroqud him, and palm off old, sick, or silent-birds on him. The hardest proposition he finds is in distinguish ing the sexes of the birds. The colors in the head feathers are the indication, and some of the breeders are' adepts at dyeing- feathers; so it's a clever picker that doesn't bring in at least a few fe male canaries, for which he has. paid songster prices. It takes years of ex perience to teach a man even moderate proficiency in this feature of the buy ing. Through the summer and fall the picker's work isn't so very bad. His route lies far off the lines of railway, and he does a tremendous amount of tramping; but he is well known. along the way, and hospitably entertained, and the weather is usually good. After the first of November it's another sto ry. The winds and storms, especially among the Hartz mountains, where the best canaries are bred, are simply terrific; and the snow lies on the paths, four to five feet deep. The cold is in tense, and many pickers have been bad Iv frostbitten, a few even dying from the exposure. Still, the holiday season must be provided for, and the birds,, after the summer sales, are scarce; so the picker must search every nook and corner of the breeding district to sup ply the demandof his hou?.; He starts out, early ia the morning, taking a helper with him, to carry hi3 cage crates. This helper, after , the cheerful custom of the fatherlord, 'is' usually a' woman, and more often than not, an old woman. The two travellers buffet their way through the snow and storm, the greatest care is exercised in pro tecting the birds carried with them from cold. The little wicker cages, are first packed in straw, then covered with thkrk linen, and finally wrapped in heavy woolen blankets. Frequently, in extreme weather pickers have been badly frostbitten, because they have taken off their great coats to wrap about cages holding birds of special valve. 1 'These cages, by the way, provide aj distinct industry for German peasants, in the bird districts. They are made by tne poorest classes, who whittle them by hand, in the 4ong "winter evenings.; and a clever head can make fifleen in an evening. They sell for about three! cents, and arc always in demand. Manyj of the breeders contract to sell all thetri birds toa certain firm. In that case the pickery work is slightly lightened f tor he doesn t have to arm against competition, ind need only wrestle 4o foil the wiles of the breederi After ha h; canvassed" his district, he takes hi birds to the nearest railway stations and ships them to his employer. Thq crates go as baggage, and the picke a'ways accompanies them and helps to handle them. At the exDortine housei the birds, are unpacked and; kept untifj t ftey are ail in tirst-class condition tot shipping. From 25.000 to 30,000 canal r es are taken care of dai.y; and during the busy season about 4.000 bird are received and sent out each week. Ther are a great many rooms in the build ing. no two kept at the same temperat ture. and the different birds" are al loted to rooms, agreeing in' dearree of cold with the climate to which ..they have been accustomed. A small army of workmen is employed; the apprent ices cleaning, feeding and watering while the old hands sort out the grades of birds, doctor the sick and prepar the stock for shipment. f. "The strongest birds are selected (of America, for the long ocean voyage plays havoc with any save the healths est. r or the London marktt, color is the chief consideration. Two men are always sent with a London consign ment, one to manage the business, ani a younger fellow to learn the ropes;. More female canaries are" sent to Eng land than elsewhere; fo the -street faj kjrs, in London, buy only the cheap female birds, take them home and t paint them, skillfully, and then peddlie ear axle. A simple and effective de j them about the town. The man who . vice of ; this character would nndoubc f is sent to America with a consignment I edly met with success, as railroad of birds has a hard job before him and companies are put to considerable ex it takes1 a wonderfully honest, sober 1 pens m replacing wheels flattened by end. faithful man to carry it through the pressure of the brake shoes there He has five large crates, which contain on- . . '' . .;" about 1,500 4ird&, and th; probabilities are that he; will be obliged to work for twenty hours out of the twentf-four. He and his charges are stowed away in the coal bunkers or the steerage where he makes th crate fast to the walls and floor. He begins his work by 4 a. ni. and spends frcm one to two hours cleaning seed, ;preparing food and drawing 'water for the birds. Then his charges are fed and watered, and each is carefully examined for indications of sickness. The cages are scrupulously cleaned, and the quarters ventilated, as wll as possible. The slightest neglect in aH this care, might bring .about dis ease, andj a long death list; and that would mean business ruin for the man iq chargej. Sometimes the dreaded bird pest, called schnappel," breaks out andthen the tender is wild with de spair. Cases have been known where, out of 1,500 birds, not more than twen ty were alive when the consignment reached New York. The ship rats are another dreaded enemy; end, in spite or all vigHance, invariably make way with a few : birds during the voyage. Nothing in the world is more voracious -than a ship rat; and although' ths bird tender usually stays up most of the rfrght to? protect his charges, the ratJ actually attack the eager and devour. One of thxt , birds before his very ey-o, hardest problems that can V-ntront a a bird tender is a long dHay in the voy age, through some accident Vp the ship. In tlic old days such sitoatkm were fre quent, and the masterly way in which bird rations were shortened and made to last was a marvel. ' s ' "During good weather, ihe man in charge bt the birds, mayssib!y ac complish his day's work in ten hours: but, if the sea is at all rough, he will be twice that long in getting through tfce necessaiy programme; and, whei hie reaches New York and hands the bards over to the proper persons, he is a sadly demoralized and sleepy Ger mjm. Recently many of the exporters have been sending two men with each shipment;; and, in that way, both the work and; the risk are lessened materi ally, but the job isn't a c:nch, any way you fix it." . :- - i liiirrimnun urn mm Z ' IFJ HklJ I IIIFJ . L'JIIHItll i An annealing apparatus of simple and compact form for operating on umall devices, and gAnted for domes tic use. i ' Means for drawing the temper of metals without disturbing their mole cular constitution or detracting from their utility. Means for cementing and cae-hard-tning.'naetals of a simple and effective nature. ; t A method of making flexible glass without destroying transpanency. A process fbr galvanizing which will prevent scaling or burning out of the galvanized surface. A convenient ami simple form of one-fluid battery which may embody several Constituents. " A commercially valuable secondary' battery having practical means of ab sorption and retention, and a large ca pacity -within a small compass. . (Means for shrinking the jackets on large cannon without employing the complex i methods now used. - A simple form of flask for casting a series of chain, links at one operation, connected by webs which can be easily broken without fracturing the links. A molders' flask having lateral and longitudinal adjusting devices which can be quickly operated and of a yield ing nature to take up expansion. A machine for rapidly and effective ly reducing and separating gold from gold-bearing ores. A mechanical puddler having ! auto matic adjusting devices and self-operating attachments. . A blast furnace embodying means for controlling the force of the blast without extraneous manipulation. Railway mechanism provided with means for automatically adjusting the brake levers. . In brake mechanisms r)ow employed the levers frequently get out of order, with disastrous re sults, causing the brake shoes to bear cither too lightly or. too heavily on the wheels. Any simple and effective mechanism for carrying this idea into practice would undoubtedly be em ployed by railroad companies and car builders. An air brake provided with simple and effective means for recharging the auxiliary reservoirs with air. and main taining the pressure therein, so as to prevent said reservoir from-becoming depleted when the train is de'scend-mg leng grades. An air brake provided with electrically-operated mechanism for admitting the air into the brake cylinders of all the cars simultaneously. . An automatic air-brake- mechanism provided with a triple valve accom plishing a fourth function, namely, ad mitting i train-pipe air directly to the brake cylinder for emergency applica tion of the brakes. At present a fourth or auxiliary valve, additional to the triple valve is employed for this pur pose. ; I A simple and effective air brake for street cars. . ;: An air brake for electric cars pro vided with means for Controlling the application of the air. said means form ing part of the current controlling mechanism. 1 'A car .'coupler provided with means for operating it from j the side or top of the' ear to obviate the necessity of the brakeman going between cars. A car coupler adapted to be thrown into action by the air-brake mechan ism, and provided with .mean whereby the brakes will be automatically applied upon the ; disconnection "of coupler of adjoining cars. . v link and pin coupler provided with simple and effective means -lor auto matically dropping the inn upon en gagement; of the link therewith, s ; A car brake adapted to act upoir the mi U uuno iinniLu WAYS OF THE1 HOHEY BEE ECONOMY OF IIIVE DESCRIB ED BY MR. ASPINWALU The Sting of the Be and Its. Long Distance Eyes Unexplained Won der of the Birth (of Queen. Bees Bees That Learn tjo Be Thieves and Are Never Reformed. To the average man, the honey bee is an insignificant litjle insect with no particular function ih, life outside cf the stinging oi .mortals and the man ufacture of honey or folks -to eat. That the view the average person takes of this tireless little worker, but .those who have studied tile honey bee, say. that it is more than: this, , and that in many ways it) provides an example that mortals would do well to follow. President Aspinwall jof the New York a Lw-evnial iSocietiv has been for many years a close student of the honey bees and has made friends with so many ot them that Jje knows about Sf much ot themi and their ways as any man living. lie says in the first place that the honey( bee is tKe most domes ticated of all insects not even barring the ant. and that it lean be trained by man toservejhis purposes in a most profitable wayl lfl properly handled, he says, it will get tq know people and can be approached artd work done' near it without its getting angry or resort ing to the ua oi its! sting. "There re three kinds of bees in every hive." say Mr. Aspinwall in a paper rcd recently, I "the worker, the drone a thej iueert. - There are sev eral thousands of thje workers, .an al most equal number the drones, but only one quceai. The workers are the bees that- go out and collect the honey bringing it back and placing it in the cells' of the comb. .The queen is the mother of tlie hive and her particular function is toi lay eggs at certain in tervals, which jeggs produce new work ers and drones, and; when the -other hees think it Inecessak-y, a new queen. The drones of the hive are just what the name implies. 'Jhey do not do any work but; live oii the honey that the workers I bring ihqme from th? fields. They just lie around 4-he hive all day and grow fa: on the proceeds of the i labor cf the others. Despite thi they are tolerated , by the workers, who. -while they show j pluck enough in other directions, seem to regard the 'aziness of the drone las perfectly nat,: tiral, and put up with it with remarks able patience. j 1 "Although the bees j ail look alike to the 'ordinary observer ihere are marked physical differences that denote which of the three kinds they are to the ex pert. The worker is ! shorter in body than the queen but has longer wings and a very much longer tongue. The drone is more like a large bluebottle fly and has tremendous compound eyes. The worker, like the queen, is a female. All the bees have the same kind of sting, and these stings arc in two parts. While one goes in the other comes out, and the, poison is in jected into the object of the bee's wrath through fine channels which. run through .the two hair-like stings A man's first inclination when a bee stings him is to reach up and grab the bee by. the body. He then proceeds to squeeze the life out of the insect. This is a great mistake, for it only iorces a great deal more poison into the system than the bee ever had any idea of wasting on one person and makes the sting a much more seriou; one than it would havebeen if the bee had been allowed to operate in hi. own way. It is a great mistake to think that the bee regards his sting as a protection, against man. He would rather never use it for that pur poses but a it is the only weapon that he has. there are occasions when he has to. The -real purpose of his sting is, to oroyide -Inm with sometliing to protect 'limself -from the ravages of his own Ivin.d, for there are profligate bees as well as there -re shiftless and worthless human beings, and the resp ctable bee has to have something to defend him self with when this sort come around. As a matter of fact, few bees Hve after stinging human beings, and the little -Creatures . are intelligent enough 1 to know that it is dangerous for them to do it. The reason for this is that in brushing off a bee that is stinging him the average man. wiU be inconsiderate enough not to give;tne Jee time to get his sting out, and the result is that.it is almost always broken off short, mak ing an injury that is fatal to the bee nine times out of ten. The queen bee is the only member of a colony who will not use her stingl Once in a great while she will use it, but the oc casions are ; rare, and the provocation has to be great . "There is a great deal of conflicting opinion about the bee's 'range of vision, many maintaining that the bee. like other insects, can only see for a short distance.) My own observations have made nie believe otherwise. If you study the bee. vou will learn that when it has finished its day's work, it will make a few terns in the air and then fly straight back to its hive. My' opin ion is that ; the bee can see for great distances, as far as six miles Jor in stance. Many have credited the s abil ity of the bee to fly straight back to the hivr without diverging to instinct, but w-jth the knowledge we have that the bee has as many as 12.000 yes, there is no reason why it should not be cred ited to its remarkable eyesight . . - "The study of the life of he bee in the hive is very interesting. The combs are hung perpendicularly in the hives. In the smaller cells chat you see the workers live and deposit their honey. The larger cells belong to those crea tures of ease, the dronjes. , When the time comes around forjegg laying, the queen will start out and make a tour of all the cells, accompanied by an es cort of workers, who make up her court. As $he approaches a cell she will stand on the edgetand peer in for a second. If everything, seems to be all right, she will crawl in and investi gate. If this closer investigation is satisfactory,; she will, deposit an egg and then proceed to the next cell. On each one of the queen's tegg-laying tours, however, she will, find a certain number of cells that are not satisfac tory. Just what the trouble is I n sure I don't-know, but when she comes to a cell of this kind she will peer in for a second andthen pass along to the next cell. If a-c don't know what the trouble is, the pther bees do. and whenever the qneen passes a cell in this way, a certain number of the work ers who are accompanying her pn fier, tour, will promptly I retire from the es cort and ' crawl into the cell that was passed and proceed j to put it in proper shape. : I have seeni them working like good fellows over a! cell that the. queen has passed. Just -hat they are doing' to. it. I don't know; but when they are all done they return to the queen's escort and take up.j their places again. I have seen bees. -orking at a dozen cells at once feecaUse -the queen has passed them;. 1 1 . "Well,'' when The queen has finished her rounds, sht will; go back to the first cell that she p-ssed!on her earlier trip, and after peering injto it, go in and lay an egg. She will fake up the ethers that she passpd infregular order, and will not -quit work in til she has depos ited an egg in every cell in the comb. It; rarely happens that after the workers have cleaned up 3 kcll because of the queen's fastidiousness, she will declin- to go into it. iheiworkers know what is wrong when the iqucen passes a cell. and they attend to, the matter thor oughly. "About the fifth Way after the queen has put her' eggs! around, the other bees cover up all the cells and the bees are born about the. twenty-first day. It doesn't take as ong as this and in some cases I havtij known it to take longer. The birth of a queen bee is the most interesting cf all. The other bees arrange for th s whenever a queen is needed. First, they enlarge the cell in hich the queen has laid the egg until it is almost ass large as a peanut and very much the same in shape. Then at regular intervals ' they place a peculiar kind cf. jelly in the cell. When the bee thatf has been prepared in this way for its life work is born, jt is a queen bee. There , is no explana tion of the things that contribute to 1 bring about the ffsult that the bees desire, '-but it is perfectly apparent to all who have studied the honev bee that it is the food th.-.t makes the jueen ; bee.;- , j . "So that there ifan be no possible ( slipf up the-bces ge nerally plan for four or five, queens in ojf crop. The result . of this is very a mining. There can be but one queen to ajcolony and as soon as the first queen j born she will go around to the other iueen cells, rip them open and kill the about-to-be-born oueens just as fast as he can. It is thus that she disposes of all pos sible rivals. , Her! course meets with the entire approvalj oi the other bees; in fact, if ! two queens happen- to le born at the same time, the beesx bring them together at once and make them t'ght until one or f the other is dead. Two queens would be;wrsc than none at all. If the queens are disposed to tolerate one another and will not figh when brought together, the other beeft will force them to it, and they are obliged to combat J for supremacy. ' 'In my own experiments with bees I have made a number of queens. Af ter the queen has 'made her round I have placed some ; of the queen. jelly, procured from- other hives, in tlrif cells with the eggs, and the effect has been miraculous. When the bees have 'come around and discovered the jelly in the cells, they have immediately-Ftt to work to rip out the adjoining cells in order to. make a place suitable Jor such an important bee a a queen, to- be born in. From the time of the discov ery of the jelly until the birth, of the queens, the bees have .continued to feed the unborn; queens with the jelly . necessary for their very ex istence. This is:the one thing that you can fool the bees on. They go right on miking queens but oi eggs laid for workers if you only start the work by placing the jelly" in; the cells with the eggs. In this; way' I have been able to keep building new colonies ofj bee and keep fchem supplied with queens. It is a, delicate thingjntroducing 2 ouccn made in onehiveto the inhab itants of another colony, but it i.v ac complished in different ways, and the ourcn and her subjects become good friends almost always. j "There are many other , tilings (about the bee iust as remarkable as what I have told you, but I will only have time to dwell on one other. I want to tell you something -about the criminals-in the hives, for there; are degenerates among the bees as well ai among hu- man beings, the bee that is a thief little . is one : ot the mot; -interesting rascals in' insect liie.f You can at ways tell the thief by the fact that all of- the hair is worn off his body from the attacks made on' him by his , fellows whom he has tried to rob. The thief, instead of going out in the fields to gath,er his honey, will sneak off to rome other hive 2nd lie around waiting for a chance to ncak in and steal sonic honey.; Every hivie has bees on guard, but the thief will hang around trusting to catching, the guards shirking iheir duty. Once he gets inside he makes for the comb and fills himself up with. honey,( Then he waits a favorable op portunity to get awav without being caught... Sometimes he succeeds,) but more'often. unless he is an old I crim inal, he is cauVht. and then begins! a merry time. The guards of the hive will attack him fiercely, trying their t-er to sing him to death. But he will, curl himself up and the sting of his victim cannot reach him. This is lecausejthe bone of the bee are on the outside and his flesh inside. (Hi skeleton is made up of a succession of band of bonv material and bv bring ing them together he prevents the fing of his ' assailants from reaching! any vital spot. If by chance the bees man age to get a sting in Iwtwcen thefe bands, the chances are that heyl witl bring ahottt the almost instant death of the thief. ( "The old and .experienced thieve are a cute lot. I have knwn hem af ter eluding the riiards of a hive and stealing their fll of honey, to buy their way put when caught bv eivng the gard a part of the verv honey that thev have just stolen. Tlie bees on ct'ird. neyer, fuspecting that they are being bribed with their own honev. take what is offered" them greedily 'and ailowthe thief to denart wkh the prop-' erty of their comrades. Legal Blanks; Statesman Job office. i"