THURSDAY. MARCH 10. 19®
O
THE NYSSA GATE CITY JOURNAL. NYSSA. OREGON
Things to Loara
Siudiet Skew Fertilizer Use Can Be Nitrogen Testing
About Phosphorus Profitable on Meadovs and Pastures For Crop Needs
The most satisfactory way for
Phosphorus can be applied ef­
An acre of average mountain I cost, adequate fertilization heads farmers to tell whether their crops
fectively in this area at any time
. J- ______ ____ -X____ *.1_____________________ ti-A
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except when the soil is frozen or meadow or pastureland has the the list of effective steps that can need nitrogen is a combination of
serious soil erosion is taking place. nutrient value to produce about be taken. And, in the Intermoun­ several methods, say University
Early spring or fall is generally $28 worth of beef at 20 cents a tain area, nitrogen is the fertilizer i
the best time, in the opinion of pound. Fertilization, plus good most often needed in a range or i of Idaho agricultural specialists.
University of Idaho soils special­ I water and harvest management, grassland improvement program. Pale green or yellowish color and
Typical of the increased yields 1 stunted grow-th is an indication of
ists. Phosphorus is not leached can increase this figure to $104.80
from the soil. The important thing worth of beef an acre—a gain of that can be realized through the lack of nitrogen. Soil tests show
use of nitrogen is a case study the amount of total nitrogen and
is to have it in the earth so plants $76.80 an acre.
can use it when needed.
These remarkable productivity reported from Idaho last January the amount of available nitrogen
Three methods are used: broad­ figures resulted from special In­ by John Niebergall, district forest at the time the sample is taken.
casting and working the material termountain area studies sponsor­ ranger. After applying about 40 They do not indicate the ability
into the top three or four inches ed by United States Steel, a lead­ pounds of nitrogen per acre to of a soil to supply nitrogen during
of soil, broadcasting and plowing ing western fertilizer producer, test plots of seeded range«, he the growing period.
Under continuous cropping, all
under, and placement of fertilizer working with ranchers and agri­ reported that the fertilized grass
in bands two to six inches deep, cultural agencies throughout this produced 7,520 pounds of air- ' growing plants and micro-organ­
either in seedbed prior to seeding region. Many of these studies are dried hay per acre while the un­ isms use most of the nitrogen
or in the side of a row immediate­ presented in the now-available, fertilized produced 3,235 pounds available. Therefore, there is
ly after seeding or at first culti­ new U. S. Steel movie, “Profit on per acre. Production, he reported, | little accumulation of nitrogen un­
was 2*6 times greater on the fer­ der these conditions. Under sum­
vation.
the Mountain.”
Experimental work shows all
These and many other current tilized area and the production of mer fallow conditions, a test for
methods about equal. Use the one research studies are being moti­ protein was even slightly greater. available nitrogen can be used
In another typical test, using as an aid in determining nitrogtn
that is most convenient.
vated by a growing concern
The bulletin — “What Farmers among mountain state agricultural correct harvest and proper irriga­ needs.
A simple method for testing on
Sould Know About Phosphorus” experts about the competitive tion, nitrogen boosted hay yields
—published by the U of I exten­ forces which today face ranchers at the first cutting from three tons the farm is to skip a strip in the
per acre to four tons. When the field when applying nitrogen. This
sion service, says phosphorus is and beef growers in this area.
one of the nutrients plants must
Salt Lake City agronomist Dr. regrowth was also treated with strip will show what the yield
have for growth.
Roy C. Lipps, in a talk before the nitrogen, it yielded an additional would have been without extra
The amount of phosphorus avail­ Lntermountain Range and Fertiliz­ one-fourth of hay per acre— a nitrogen. On another strip make
able for plant use varies in dif­ er conference at Fort Collins, total increase of 14 tons per acre. two trips with the spreader. This
ferent parts of this area. It de­ Colo., late in February, pointed And, heavy nitrogen applications doubles the application and shows
have actually increased hay yield
pends on the soil, length of time up this problem when he said:
the crop has been cropped, and
“Beef is being grown cheaper three tons per acre.
Research has repeatedly shown
the amount of phosphate applied. and cheaper as other sections of
When yields are increased by the the country find that well man- that a program of fertilization,
use of other fertilizers—for ex­ ■ aged grassland and profit are along with water control and two-
ample, nitrogen—more phosphor­ synonymous. On the other hand, crop harvesting, can boost the
us is used by plants. This results in many parts of the Intermoun­ carrying capacity of the average
in more rapid depletion of the tain West, I hear of declining mountain meadow or pasture by
soil phosphorus, and may mean I range and meadow yields and four times. This means that an
a phosphorus deficiency will de­ grazing allotment reductions or acre of land which, under conven­
tional range practices, supported
velop where there is no shortage restrictions.”
now. Crops remove phosphorus
According to most experts, the one cow only a hundred days, can
every year. This must be replaced solution to this problem can only produce enough to carry four
by commercial fertilizers if pro­ be found in more modern tech­ cows for the same length of time.
duction and quality are maintain­ niques of range management that This assumes that water is con­
ed or increased.
can sharply increase the tonnage trolled and correct harvesting
Forage grown on soils with of beef produced per unit of land. practices are followed.
Through such a program, farm­
enough phosphorus is eaten more
Among the various management
readily by livestock than forage practices cited for making land ers and ranchers can boost pro­
on soils low in phosphorus.
give a bigger return at the lowest duction per acre by three or four
times and their profits even more.
PAGE NINE
whether a heavier application
would have been better.
Rates of nitrogen fertilizer de­
pend on nitrogen fertility already
in the soil, crop grown, and yield
expected. Nitrogen fertility is
governed primarily by crop rota­
tion, crop residues plowed under,
green manure used, livestock ma­
nure applied, soil organic matter,
and soil type. The yield expected
will depend on area, climatic con­
ditions, soil conditions, good seed,
desired plant population, irriga­
tion practice, and other phases of
good management.
One should apply just enough
nitrogen so it will no longer be
the factor restricting yields. If
poor irrigation practicing are re­
stricting yields, nitrogen applica­
tions above this level of produc­
tion as costly and on many crops
will reduce quality desired. If a
a farmer can produce only 300
sacks of potatoes due to some
management factor other than
fertility, he shouldn’t fertilize far
a yield of 400 sacks. Quality of
product will be damaged and the
fertilizer dollar spent unwisely.
Good Soil Test Said
A Wise Investment
A good soil test, used correctly,
says the county agent, can tell a
farmer many things. Is the soil
too acid or too alkaline for certain
crops? Do you need phosphorus,
potash or sulfur to balance soil
fertility? Is the organic matter
at a level that will give good soil
structure for aeration and water
penetration? Does your soil have
too much salt or too much alkali
for good crop production? A soil
test can help you with the an­
swers.
Soil testing is available through
the extension service, and the
county agent can tell you the
method of collecting and handling
soil samples, cost of analysis, and
! other detailed information.
He can also help with facts
about fertilizer materials for your
farm. Many new fertilizers have
come on the market in recent
years. Farmers have a wide se­
lection. Knowing the characteris­
tics of these materials will aid
I farmers in choosing the best fer­
tilizers for their soils.
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seed with a low price tag, cau- j
tions Harold E. Finnell, Oregon
State college extension seed cer- i
tification specialist.
So-called “bargain” lots of seed
often are sold at reduced prices.
But if seed is cheap there’s prob­
ably a reason—poor growth rate,
a lot of weeds, a small amount
of pure grass seed, or perhaps ,
it’s a variety not adapted to the
area.
Finnell urges buyers to be ex­
tra careful about buying grass
seed with much weed seed in it.
He pointed out that a seed bag
containing one-quarter of one per­
cent (0.25%) weeds—a relatively
small amount—has enough to sow
five or more weeds per square
foot.
Buyers can compare labels on
different lots of grass seed to
make sure they’re getting the bar­
gain they think they are, he said.
Labels are required to tell per­
centage of pure seed, germination
(growth) rate, percentage of weed
seeds, other crop seeds and inert
matter.
Some varieties of grasses grow
better in shaded areas- than in
lawns where there is little shade,
Finnell explained, so it is wise
to ask the seed dealer or county
extension agent about the variety
best for your lawn.
If “bargain” seed has a lot of
weeds or is not suited to your
soil, it will cost more in the long
run than more expensive seed.
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Are your crops well-fed?
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Farmer X Used 50 lbs.
‘N’ on Potatoes, Harvested
200 Sacks per Acre
Farmer Harold Iverson Used
Recommended Amounts of Fertilizer and
Harvested 350 Sacks of Potatoes per Acre
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'Tve learned by experience that higher rates of fertilization mean higher yields and
more profits.”
That’s the statement of Harold R. Iverson of Caldwell, Idaho. Last year, he used rec­
ommended rates of fertilizer and harvested 350 sacks of potatoes per acre and 30 tons of
sugar beets per acre.
Are you using recommended amounts of fertilizer? United States Steel, manufacturer
of USS Nitrogen Fertilizer, has published a handy, new guide of fertilizer recommenda­
tions for Idaho. This chart, based on suggestions of the University of Idaho, is available
to fanners. Merely write to United States Steel, 919 Kearns Building, Salt Lake City, for
your chart. Recommendations take into consideration the various areas, crop program and
other factors. The chart also is available from your local dealer.
Use enough fertilizer, harvest more dollars. And insist on USS Nitrogen Fertilizers.
Remember, It takes N, Men - in the proper amounts.
Order USS Nitrogen Fertilizers from your dealer today Follow recommended practice«
and join the ranks of farmers who get more yields with proper management method«.
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