TH K GATE CITY JOURNAL. NYSSA. OREGON HAD TO STAY IN BED FOR WEEKS SMALL BEETLES HARM TREES FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY WORK Shot-Hole Borer and Ite Tiny Grub May Attack All Kinde of Fruit Texas Leads W ith 1,116.4 Miles Com­ FEEDERS AVOID HEAVY LOSS — Meane of Control. pleted, and Minnesota Ranks a C attl. C o.t Studies in Corn Belt Show Close Second. Loaaea Are Small When Rough- ( P r * p t r * 4 by th * U n ited States D ep artm ent of Ag rl cu lt ur w .) egee Are Used. Shot-hole borer (Scolytus ruitulosls) ( P r e p a r e d by t h e U ni te d S t a t e « Depa rtme nt o f A g ri c u l t u r e .) la u amull beetle whose tiny grub nmy U nited S t.te a D e p a rtm en t Measuring the network of federal- (P re p a re d by th o f e Agriculture.) attack till kinds of fruit trees and Coat figures ou ‘¿0,217 heml of beei aid highways spread over the country other trees. It la moat Im portant Is the orehurd hut on weakened nurs­ during the past five and one-half yeurs, cattle fed In five coni belt states, sum­ ery trees It may also appear. The the bureau of public roads. United marized lu a statem ent Issued by the female beetle makes a tunnel between States D epartm ent of Agriculture, United States D epartm ent of Agricul­ the bark and wood and lays egg* pluces their total length, January 1 ture, show that scatte-lng droves made along either side of this. In time the last, at 28,741.6 miles, and their cost at good profits lust season. In spite of tbe small borers extend their work, often approxim ately $500,000,000. The fig fact that there was an average loss of girdling limbs or the trunks of small ures represent 12,007 miles of complet­ $¿0.87 per steer. D epartm ent Investi­ ed roads over which traffic is flowing gators cite tbe fact th at some of these today and 15,834 miles of roads under droves m ade profits under the most construction and an that date estim at­ adverse conditions, ns em phasizing the ed to be, as a whole, 70 per cent com­ extrem e Importance of watching the details of feeding and m anagem ent lr. plete. In mileage of complete« 1 federal-aid slump periods In the cuttle business The feeders In tlie areas studied roads, Texas leads with a total of 1,- 11G.4 miles. In addition, there wore who made tbe m ost economic gains, In under construction in Texas on Jan u ­ general, used standard rations. In Ull ary 1 n total of 1,381.0 miles of federal- tails and Indlutui this rutlon consisted aid highways whose estim ated total of corn, protein meal, mixed clover cost was nearly $22,000,000. Minneso­ and tim othy hay, and silage, with some ta ranked se<*oiid, with 1,000.6 miles, in stover and fodder. In N ebraska and the am ount of completed fcderal-alil 1 Iowa tbe stundurd rations couslsted of highways, the cost of the system being corn anil alfulfu buy, while lu Missouri slightly over $10,9(X>.000. Of th at sum It couslsted of corn, protein meal, bay the federal government paid $3,878,- and fodder. In the latter stute some 003. In Minnesota there were under of the rattle covered In tbe study were construction the first of the year 701.2 finished on grass. miles of federal-aid highways, whose "T he average loss of $¿0.87 per estim ated cost was placed at $10,055, heud,” one of the departm ent investi­ 757. O ther states with comparatively gators explains, “should be looked at Shot-Hole Borer; a, Adult; b, Side lurge mileages of completed federal-aid In tbe light of tbe fact that all feeds View of Same; c, Pupa; d, borer; highways on January I w ere: were charged to tbe cattle at farm All Enlarged. Illinois, 722.9 miles, costing $24,008. prices for ull home grown feeds, and trees, causing weakening or death of 958, of which $11,221,404 was paid b> store prices for feeds bought." Thus effect of tlte loss In question ou auch trees. As a rule It Is a weak­ the federal governm ent; Nebraska the e form business as a whole was in ened tree th at Is most likely to suffer 082.7 miles, costing $3,627,707, u. th which the federal government paid $1 som e ineusure offset by the return Injury. Wisconsin, 500.0 miles, cost from 1,000 to ¿,000 pounds of unm ar­ Since the pest thrives best In weak 735,703; $0,702,100; Arkansas, 4.3.S.2 mil* - ketable roughage fed to tbe average or dying trees or limbs, keep ull or­ :>g $5,148,080; Georgia, 033. steer In the different localities. Even chard prunlngs removed from the or­ •osting idles, costing $11,017.390; Iowa, 422. chard. In the nursery avoid the use miles, costing $7,909,981; North Can of left-over trees for filling draws iiM , 410.71 costing $5,641,733 and the like alongside the growing Idaho, 40 h i miles, miles, costing $6,472,552 | stock. Remove and burn trees which ure too seriously Injured by the pest and Washington, 354.9 miles, costing to be saved. In the orchard prompt 48,061,285. Completed federal-aid highway con ly prune out affected limbs and de stroy them. The regular summer struction In some of the Eastern am | sprays with arsenate of lead nnd lime Middle W estern states where the char j sulphur for fruit Insects will tend to acter of roads was of high type am repel this pest where spraying Is the cost correspondingly greater pe; , mile was as follow s: thoroughly done. Pennsylvania, 3904 miles. cOHtln; , $19.002,504; Ohio, 370.2 miles, costing TIME TO RENEW OLD ORCHARD $12,475.509; New Jersey, /78.3 miles. Best to Begin Work of Reclaiming in W inter, but It Can Be Begun In Any Season. While the best time to tocgln the work of reclaim ing the orchard la In the winter. It can he begun at any « Stó Ssae sS time. There are aeveral im portant 'A.. things to do, nnd about the first one Cattle Finished on Crass. will he to make the soil rich nnd put It Into good tilth. No trees can do though the cattle-fending enterprise well In a poor soil, in bad mechanical may show a presum ptive loss, there condition, nnd with nil the humus may he a profit for the farm operation used up. 'Dlls work can be started as a whole, provided home-grown feeds right off no m atter what thne ft la. have been produced af a cost, far Give the tree renewed lifeblood— enough below the m arket ¿rice. sap— filled with plant food, nnd the “No Inldivdual feeder could be sure tree will be stopped In its decay nt of m arketing Iris field products at a once. Then follow with the pruning profit. Including stover und low-grade nnd cleaning up of the tree Itself, hay. If he were to choose to sell crops nnd you will he surprised In n short rather than feed them to I I stock period at the difference It wlTl make If all feeders, or even If a considerable both In appearance nnd In production. num ber of feeders, were t» try such e W here the trees have not been shift, the m arket for all field products badly Infected with the black twig would lie glutted, with the probable re blight, there Is a good chance for suit fhat the fai mers could not even overcoming almost any ailment that dispose of their corn. The cattle feed­ Is Injuring them. The blight is diffi­ er, though he knows th at his business cult to overcome because It is a sap for the tim e being Is a precarious one, disease. While apples are not usual­ hesitates to turn to crop farm ing as a ly so badly Infected with this dis­ A S tre tch ot n a r d - b u r t a c e d K u « u . possible relief, because he realizes that ease ns pears. It can he carried from the pear trees into the apple orchard cot;ting $3.442,224 ; M assachusetts, 120.5 cuttle feeding is the business he is best fitted for, and because he believes a re­ If one Is not very careful. miles, costing $4.391,030, and M ary­ covery to profitable production Is not land, 137.8 miles, costing $3,752,233. far distant.” SPRAYING TREES IN SPRING The studies In question were made Projects under construction and tbe degree of their completion January 1 by the United S tates Departm ent of Application May Ba Made at Time in other states we»e as follows: A griculture In cieoperatlun with the When Field« Are Too Wet for stute agricultural colleges of Nebras­ Cal i furnia, 382.9 miles, 55 per cent Work With Othor Crops. com plete; Georgia, 492.9 miles, 05 per ka. Iowa. Illinois. Indiana and Missou­ com plete; Iowa, 998.7 miles, 80 ri. Prelim inary reports Issued by the It I r true that spraying cornea at a cent per cent com plete; Kansas, 471.8 miles, departm ent, and by the several stats rime when most men feel they ought 09 per cent complete ; Louisiana. 354.5 Institutions concerned, give In detail to be In tbe fields, but It la also Just miles. 82 per cent complete ; Minnesota. the quantities of feed und hours of la­ s* true tlmt generally the field» are so 791.2 miles, 65 per çent complete ; Mis­ bor used in ordinary feed lot produc­ not during the rim e when tbe sprays sissippi, 404.3 miles, 04 per cent com­ tion of fat n«tle. may be applied, that you couldn't be plete; Missouri. 535.1 miles, 70 pei All reports may he obtained upon In the field even If you wished, and you cent com plete; Montana, 412.8 miles, request to the D epartm ent of Agricul­ can get your trees sprayed In the 77 per cent compiete. Nebraska, 914.1 ture, W ashington, D. C„ or single re­ springtim e If you are In earnest. miles, 94 per cent com plete; New Mex­ ports from the state agricultural col­ ico, 551.9 miles, 54 p e r cent «ampíete; leges co-operating, ban ners' Bulletin New York, 347.9 miles, 44 per cent 1218, "Beef Production In the Corn SUITABLE SOIL FOR GRAPES com plete; North Carolina, 507 miles, Belt." gives a discussion of feeding. 88 per cent com plete; North Dakota. Light. Wall-Drained Loam la Proftp. 810.2 miles, 80 per cent compiete; able. Though They Will Thrive Ohio 298.2 miles, 91 per ceux com­ ESSENTIAL TO CONTROL LICE on Sandy Lands. plete ; Oklahoma, 308.2 miles, 64 pei Plenty of N utritious F«sd and Thor- com plete; Pennsylvania, 248.6 ough Cleaning Up of Surround­ Grapes prefer a light well-drained cent miles, 94 per cent com plete; 3outh ing! Are Needed. Unm soil. They will do well In aandy Carolina, 410.7 milea. 59 per veu t vomì or gravelly aolt* If suitable means are píete; South Dakota, 688.7 miles. 70 the control of rattle lire, plenty employed to conserve moisture and cent complete. Tennessee, 449.1 of In nutritious and a thorough provide additional nutrients. Grape­ per miles, 46 per ceut com plete; Texas, a ,- cleaning up of food tbe aiilmnls and their vines should never he left In sod. The 381.9 miles, 59 per cent complete, anil anil about them should either be thor­ Wisconsin, «538.8 tulles, 75 ¡>er ceni surroundings are essential to success, w hatever method of control yoa oughly tilled or heavily mulched with complete. choose to adopt. atrasr. tc Daservt Bett Ssil. P o n t plant fruit trees and plant» on a gartlen on Innd fhnt Is tno poor for otber cropa. Both deserve gnod lnnd. Trwrough Spraying Necessary. It is seldom imsslhle to produce heavy yields of sound apples without thorough spraying. Lears Details of Spraying. I.earn exm rly when to spray vour frnlt Irees and vegetables what t • k>ra. for. and what »pray to nse. HIGHWAYS MORE ATTRACTIVE Shade Trees Set 50 or More Feet Apart Would Make Roade Pleas­ anter to Travel Over. Feeding Catvea. Calves IntemSed for beef should be­ gin on g aln when three to four months old. A m ixture of equal parts oats, bran and corn (preferably ground) Is the best grain ration. Pay Attention to Worms. ÜQMfffifiil grotv^ra of swine nr» »ach yenr paying fnnre ntt»,flfl«»fi to the pr»*v«i*.li»fi of tv