6
THURS., JUNE 24. 1948
THE EAGLE, VERNONIA, OREGON
BRUCELLOSIS
IN CATTLE
(Bang's Disease)
By W. G. Nibter, County Agent
Note: This is the second of three
articles concerning Bang’s disease
vBrucelosis) of cattle prepared by
the county agent at the request
of the Columbia County Cattle
Disease committee. This com
mittee is an advisory group of
farmers interested in estabFshing
effective control of Bang's disease
in Columbia county.
What to do about Brucellosis in
cattle is a real problem to the
farmer. Drugs have proved of no
value in treating the disease and
no animals will recover from the
disease. The control and eradica
tion of this disease are based on
the protecting of clean animals
from infection and the detection
and elimination of infected ani
mals.
The most satisfactory procedure
is to bleed the herd and make the
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agglutination test. The blood ag-
glution test is the only reliable
method of diagnosing brucellosis
in cattle. For this test it is
necessary to draw a sample of
blood from each animal to be
tested. Usuallv all cattle in the
herd are tested at the same time
as this gives a more complete
picture of the status of each
individual. The blood samples are
taken to a labratory where they
are allowed to stand for some time
in the refrigerator, or until some
of the fluid portion of the blood
(serum) has seperated from the
clot. Measured portions of the
serum are then mixed with mea
sured amounts of a suspension of
dead brucella bacteria (antigen).
These mixtures are then allowed
to stand in tubes for 72 hours,
at which time they are examined.
If the bacteria remain suspended,
the test is negative, indicating
that the animal is not a reactor.
If the bacteria have clumped to
gether (agglutinated), and have
settled to the bottom of the tube,
the test is positive. In other words
there has been a reaction in the
tube, and the animal from which
the sample was collected is mark
ed on the test sheet as a reactor,
indicating that it is infected with
brucella bacteria. The so called
“rap'd” or “plate” test is similar
to the test described above except
that a somewhat more concentrat
ed antigen is used and the test
is made on a glass plate rather
than in a glass tube.
A similar agglutination test is
used in the offical testing labora
tories throughout the
United
States.
With this arrangement
regardl»ss of what state the ani
mal is tested in, the results will
be s’milar. Most of these labora
tories are supervised by veteri
narians of the Bureau of Animal
Industry, U. S. Department of
Agriculture.
The agglutination test is very
accurate. Many herds, counties,
and one entire state have been
made modified accredited for
brucellosis (less than 1 per cent
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infection) on the basis of this
test. The laboratory at Oregon
State College has conducted over
4,000,000 tests during the past
28 years.
While the agglutination test is
very accurate, it has its limita
tions. As stated previously, in
fected cattle do not react during
the incubation period. There is
no evidence that infected cows
will react negatively at that time
of calving. In other words they
will not react to the test for some
time after becoming infected. Th s
is a fact to remember when pur
chasing cattle from infected herdi
and when attempting to clean up
an infected herd.
The testing of cattle to de
termine reactors should be fol
lowed by the removal of the re
actors and disinfecting of the
Experience has shown that in
the case of heris which have bee:
infected for a number cf yea-s,
and in which the infection is not
spreading rapidly, most or all
of the infected animals react on
the first test. The removal of
the reacting animals from such
herds will eliminate most or all
of the infected individuals and
retests will show the herd is
clean or nearly clean.
Herds that have recently be
come infected and in which the in
fection is spreading rapidly w 11
contain a number of animals
which have only recently become
infected, are in the ir.cubation
period of the disease, and do nit
yet react to the agglutination
test. Such herds are somewhat
more difficult to free from infec
tion, and several retests with
removal of reactors may be ne
cessary before the herd is clean.
The practice of sanitation is
very important in the control and
elimination of this cattle disease.
Owners should exercise every pre
caution to prevent clean cattle
from coming in contact with other
cattle that raay be infected. The
use of common range or nas’ure
by several owners is a frequent
source of infection.
Cars and trucks used for cattle
should be disinfected before trans
porting cattle, except when such
cattle are transported for immedi
ate slaughter
The use of double fences will
give some protection to clean
cattle from infected cattle in ad
joining pastures. Fences will not
prevent contamination caused by
surface drainage.
After the removal of reactors
from the herd, the barn3 should
be d sinf'c'ei under the d'rection
of a ve e.-'n: r an trained in th's
work . Infected corrals and pas
tures should not be used by
I ru-ella-free ca*tle until such en
closures or premises have been
expos-d ti bright sunlight and
dry air for a ncriod of at least
60 days.
Brucella abortus B.A.I. strain
19 is used as a vaccine. Vaccina
tion of calves between the ages
of 5 aid 8 months results in con-
s'derable protection to a high per
centage of calves. Such vaccina
tion, however, does not give ccm-
rlete and lasting immunity to the
animals as does the vaccination
of calves for blackl“g, or the voc-
cir.at on of pigs for hog cholera.
Although calfhood vaccination
has never been advocated by re
s' onsible persons, except as an
r d in cleaning un badlv infected
herds, many have accented it as
th" -nswor to the control problem.
Evidence has accumulated during
t .e past several years which re
veals the limitations of calfhood
vaccination. It has be<*n found
that vaccinat’on does not always
protect against severe exposure
and that the immunity acquired
?3 the result of vaccination di-
m'shes after the first year. The
result is that mature cows vac
cinated as heifers may become in
fected, may abort, and spread the
d sease in the same manner as
animals that never were vaccin
ated.
Since calfhood vaccination does
not give complete and permanent
protection against infection, there
has been some interest in adult
vaccination. During the past sev
eral years the agriculture experi
ment stations and the Bureau of
Animal Industry have studied this
subject extensively and several ob
jectable features have been en
countered.
Oregon state law prohibits the
vaccination of adul* cattle except
by written permit from the State
Department of agriculture.
During the past two years there
have been reports definitely es
tablishing the fact that strain 19
vaccine is capable of causing
typical brucellosis
in human
beings. Both the vaccine itself
sources of infection to man.
and animals inoculated with it
must be considered as possible
premises, or removal of nonre
actors to clean premises.
U. S. Navy
soon to be able
eratures within
absolute zero
Fahrenheit).
scientists expect
to produce temp
.001 degrees of
(-459.7 degrees
•
May 8, 1911, has been selected
as the offical birth date of U. S.
Naval aviation. It was on that
date that the order for the Navy’s
first aircraft was placed with the
Curtiss company.
~ ~i-----------------
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Made to Order
CARPENTER WORK BY
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E. M. YORK
Bundles of old newspapers for sale
at
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GENERAL
| 108 A. St.
CONTRACTOR
Phone 1107
office
Bothered by Headaches?
Chances are your eyes need at
tention. Have them examined
NOW!
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You Have MISTY Optics”
DR. C. A. PLUMSTEAD — Optometrist
Phone 445
Hillsboro
233 E. Baseline
For Further Information Inquire at Kullander’s Jewelry Store
"Clean ng and Pressing
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Twelve
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rree Pickup & Delivery
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THIS SUMMER — SAVE YOURSELF
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M. Crowell,
Vernonia Agent
COOK YOUR MEÄLS IN Ä
WESTINGHOUSE ROASTER
501 Bridge St.,
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Phone 923
For Healthful
Living--
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NEHALEM
MARKET AND GROCERY
CO-OP SUSTAINED YIELD UNITS
COME TO OREGON
C. Girard Davidson, Assistant Secretary of
the Interior, told an interested crowd in
Eugene that the Department has adopted and
affirmed the program for cooperative sustained
yield agreements between properly qualified
timber growers and the Bureau of Land Man
agement. This Bureau manages the revested
railroad and wagon road land grants in West
ern Oregon of approximately 2,500,000 acres.
This decision opens the way for an enduring
forest industry, based on sound private enter
prise. With well-planned cooperative sustained
yield units, remanufacturing plants can multi
ply the number of jobs available. Slabs and
sawdust can be worked up into saleable pro
ducts; low grade logs salvaged and marketed.
With this increased industry, population will
grow. The tax base will expand and stabilize.
Under unified management of forest lands,
recreation facilities can be improved.
Many points are still in adjustment. The
Department’s offer must, of course, provide
community and industry security and a reason
able opportunity for proSt to be acceptable to
private enterprise. However, the main prin-
ciple has been accepted, and must be put
into effect. Green Light ahead I Let’s Go I
SUSTAINED YIELD
This plan of timber management has
definite advantages for every one in the
community. It insures —
PERPETUAL TIMBER SUPPLY.
PERMANENT JOB
OPPORTUNITIES.
GREATER NATIONAL, STATE
AND COUNTY INCOME.
STABILIZED INDUSTRY.
IMPROVED GAME AND
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES.
BETTER FIRE PROTECTION.
EQUALIZED TAX RETURNS.
WATER SHED PROTECTION.
Sustained Yield is every
body’s business — do your
part to promote it in your
community.
Send for Free Folder
Write today for your copy ol
"SUSTAINED YIELD — what
it meant for your iutural”
FOREST
CONSERVATION, INC
Hotel Osburn, Eugene Oregon
SICKS’ BREWING COMPANY, SALEM, OREGON
Unit ef One of the World« Groot Browing OrgonizetieM