TILLAMOOK? HEADLIGHT, JANUARY 31, 1918.
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A CZAR OF RUSSIA
Eccentric Alexander II., Who
Gave Freedom to the Serfs.
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AND THEN CRUSHED POLAND
Out of the Reform He Started by the
Liberation of the Masses Grew the
Nihilist Movement, Which Brought
About Hie Own Death by a Bomb.
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It Is a curious fact, says the Kansas
City Star, that one of the greatest re­
forms that ever came to Russia—the
liberation of the serfs In lfwil—came
through Alexander II., a man educated
Wider the Prussian military system.
Boni In 1818. the son of a sternly au­
tocratic father, growing up In tin at­
mosphere in which it was looked upon
ns treason to criticise the corner pollce-
u.ati since he was u representative of
the government, Alexander persisted
in cherishing tin interest in all sorts of
humble people.
He came to the throne in 1855, when
Russia was floundering waist deep in
the Crimean war. Russia was defeated
and demoralized, and it was an unusu­
ally auspicious time for men with re­
form ideas to get a hearing. Peace
was made nt the end of a year and
new laws passed encouraging industry
ami commerce. Plans were laid for an
extensive railway system partly to de­
velop the natural resources of the
country and partly to increase Its mili­
tary efficiency.
Then In 1858 Alexander received a
jietition from certain great landowners
in Lithuania praying for a more satis­
factory adjustment of relations be­
tween themselves and their serfs. The
czar replied with lavish praises of their
public spirit and assumed that what
they wanted to do was to improve the
condition of the serfs, which In point
of fact was not true at all. Their peti­
tion had given him an opening.
Without consulting his ministers the
czar caused copies of bis Instructions
to the governor general of Lithuania to
tie forwarded to the governors of all the
other Russian provinces, "suggesting"
that the landowners of their provinces
might also care to consider emancipa­
tion of the serfs. Local committees
went to work on the subject.
There were in Russia at this time
some 23,000,000 serfs, slaves of the
soil. They could not be sold away
from the land on which they were
born, but In all other respects their
bondage was virtually complete. The
czar set tlie ball rolling by freeing the
3,000,000 serfs on the imperial estates,
frlii • abolition of serfdom was inevita­
ble, but tlie landowners tried to stave
It off as far as possible. They submit­
ted a plan for making the serfs agri­
cultural laborers, entirely dependent
upon them economically. The czar re­
fused to accept it. If the serfs were
really to be free lie decided they must
be able to own land. A state loan,
payable annually at rt per cent for for­
ty nine venrs. enabled the former serfs
to buy a certain share "f farm land of
Russia and become peasant proprie­
tors. The land fl’as held by the village
.Communities and by them apportioned
to their members. The ukase freeing
the serfs was published March 3, 1861.
Hope flamed very high in Russia at
Jhnt time, and men of the nunc vision­
ary' sort looked forward to an imme­
diate Utopia. They were disappointed,
of course, and they found that freeing
thy serfs did not cure all the Ills to
which Russian flesh was heir. Out of
their disappointment and their impa­
tience that Alexander did not make
JIussia Into a Socialist community
there developed the nihilist movement,
whose passion for revolution Involved
a passion for assassination.
The czar In the meantime was en­
deavoring to steer a middle course. It
is one of the curious contradictious of
bls character that this man, who car­
ried through the freeing of the serfs
almost single banded, should have look­
ed with entire coldness and disfavor
u|H>u Poland's aspirations for freedom
"Embrace the union with Russia,"
he told the Bolish delegates, ‘•and
abandon nil tbollgJts of Independence,
now anil forever Impossible.''
And in 18113 when revolt broke out In
Poland it was relentlessly repressed
under Alexander II., and thereafter
every step was taken to crush the na­
tional spirit of Poland, destroy Its Ian
gunge aud traditions and make of it an
Integral part of Russia. The doctrine
of Pauslavlsin took a strong hold on
his Imagination. mid he went to war
with Turkey In 1877. feeling himself
tlio chlvalric liberator of the Chris­
tian peoples of the Balkan country.
But Ids hopes of a confederation of
Slav states under Russian rule in the
Balkan peninsula were dashed by the
congress of Berlin next year.
The Inst years of Alexander's life
were dreary ones. More and more be
yielded to depression as he saw hl«
high hopes for Russia fall to mate­
rialise. Numerous attempts were made
upon Ills life, mid after the explosion
in the Whiter palace in 1880 tlie eiar
gave practically dictatorial power for
■lx mouths to General lairls Mellkoff.
a distinguished liberal officer. Meli
koff advised the granting of a const!
tutlou to Russia, mid Alexander wan
on the point of issuing a ukase to that
effe t hml Indeed etgiwd It «hen lie
was slain, March 13. 1881, hy a nihilist
bomb.
Vanity.
Vanity isu't on the official list of vlr
tues, yet unless a man has a good opin­
ion of himself tie will never amount to
much t'hb ago News.
Regard all new ways In the light of
fresh experience fol you; if you «ee any
honey, gather It. -Charlotte Bronte.
*
The TILLAMOOK HEADLIGHT
American Consumer Profited by
$180,000.000—French Situ­
ation Helped.
Makes Clubbing Arrangement With
a
HOME PRICE HELD AT 9 CENTS.
This Nation’s -ugar Supply Reduced
to Seventy Per Cent of Normal.
Java Stocks Unavailable.
MONG our large circle of readers
there are a great many who are in­
terested directly or indirectly in
fruit growing, dairying anu other
branches of farming. All of lhe.->e
naturally wish to keep in ck e touch with ag­
ricultural activities throughout the state;
and to know about any fight which is being
waged for the measures Oregon farmers
want and against all sorts of schemes that
are detrimental Io the people and agricultural
interests of this state.
We have, therefore, made a special clubbing
arrangement with THE OREGON FAR­
MER whereby any farmer or fruitgrower,
who is one of our regular -u!
kbers and who
is not now a subscriber to L’HE OREGON
FARMER, will be entitled to receive THE
OREGON FARMER in combination with
this paper at the same rate as for this paper
alone.
This offer applies to all those who renew or
extend their subscriptions as well as to all
new subscribers. If you are interested di­
rectly or indirectly in Oregon agriculture,
do not miss this unusual opportunity, but
send your order in now.
THE OREGON FARMER ii the one farm
paper which is devoting itself exclusively
to the farming activities and interests of
Oregon. It has a big organization gath-
ering the news of importance to farmers,
dairymen, fruitgrowers, stsckraisers
st ack raisers and
poultrymen; and it has the backbone to at­
tack wrongful methods and combinations and
bad legislation, and support honest leaders
and beneficial measures. We are confident
that our readers will congratulate us on our
being able to make this splendid and at­
tractive clubbing offer.
A
Sugnr control has saved the Amer­
ican public $180,000.000, Herbert Hoov­
er. United States food administrator,
declared the other day.
He pointed out that sugar was sell­
ing for 11 cents a pound last August
Slid that it would have advanced to 20
cents a pound. with the world short­
age as a stimulus, had not the food
k'lmii.istrat.on secured the co-opera-
t$ -n of the refiners and wholesalers
rnd fixed a sugar price that today en-
j allies housewives to buy sugar at from
i SVa to 9 cents a jiound.
I "Every 1 cent raise in sugar from
September 1 to January 1 means $18,-
(100,000 to the American consumer,' »»
'Numbers of gen-
J>Ir. Hoover said.
tiemen will tell you that 20 cent sugar
would have prevailed and the public
robbed of $180.000,000 this year if we
had not taken these actions.” latter
Mr. Hoover called attention to the fast
thut uncontrolled augur advanced to
85 cents a pound during the Civil War.
France Got Our Sugar.
Today the American public has been
allotted 70 per ceut. of its normal sup­
ply. Before the war the average an­
nual household consumption here was
pounds a person. In England the
annual consumption during the war Is
z4 pounds, and In France each person
k allotted a little over one pound a
month.
"In August the French government
found Itself unable to maintain even
this ration," Mr. Hoover declared.
“An appeal wus made to America.
France needed 100,000 tons.
We
agreed to fill this demand and up to
December had shipped 85,426 tons. In
the meantime an appeal was made to
the American public to reduce its sug­
ar consumption and requests wjre
made to (Ustrlnufers to supply the
coniectionary and sweet drinks trade
with 50 per cent, of normal supply.
This has been generally followed, al­
though such regulations were volun­
tary, as ths food administration had
no authority to Impose them."
TILLAMOOK HEADLIGHT, 1 yr $1 50
OREGON FARMER, 3 years - $3.00
«
$4 50
By Our Clubbing arrangement,
•
3
both for ..••••••
$1.50
Domestlo Prle« Is 8i/4 to 9 Cents.
Retail grocers throughout the coun­
try are supposed to take a profit of no
more than 50 cents a hundred—half a
cent a pound on sugar. By reason of
food administration regulations, bind­
ing refiners and wholesalers, the re-
tylller Is able today to buy sugar at
frOifi 8 to 8Vj cents a pound. This
enabled him to .*«11 tojhe housewife at
8’4) to 9 cents a pound.
There have been some violations of
the sugar rulings. Mr. Hoover said
recently: “Rales of
' otu 16 to
20 cents per pound h
reported
and followed up vigorously and stop­
ped and Is evidence itself of the prices
at which consumers would have been
mulct had we not Intervened. We have
forfeited wholesalers’ licenses In ag­
gravated cases, ami we have Issued
warnings to first offenders in a great
ninny instances through our local ad-
mlnistrators.”
Why Shortage Exists.
The three great sugar producing cen
ters of tlie world tire Germany, the
West and East Indies. German sugar
Is. of course, used nt home The East
Indian sugar Is unavailable because of
the ship shortage.
While V boats made big Inroads on
the world's shipping, France nml Italy
ceased to be self sustaining In sugar
manufacture. England In the mean­
time was cut off from Gentian sugar
1.400.000 tons a year—because of the
war. The result lies been that the ill
lied nations have been forced to turn
to America and the West Indies for
their sugar.
Red Crown is not
a mixture. It has a
continuous chain
of boiling points.
Standard
Oil Company
(California)
not a mixture
STAR
GARAGE
TILLAMOOK
GARAGE
W. A. CHURCH.
Room No 2 Commercial Bldg.,
Tillamook.
a
EVADE RIGID FOOD CONTROL.
Nothing But Insurance
Food Is Bought In Germany Surrepti­
tiously In Violation of Auto­
cratic Rulings.
Fine—Life—Live stock- -Automobile Fire mid
Theft Surety Bonds—Plate Glus»—Auto Lia­
bility— Accident.
Even the autocratic food control of
Germany has been powerless to pre­
vent surreptitious sales, according to
semi-official reports reaching the Unit­
ed States food administration. Illegal
sales of butter are being made in Ger
many at prices ranging from $1.75 to
$2 25 >i pound Eggs sold contrary to
the German fowl regulation« are
bringing 10 to 15 cents apiece, accord­
ing to these reports. And bacon or
bum Is brtiiglng from $2.25 to $3.25 a
pound.
Food Administration Declares It Is an
Absolute Sin to Waste Food—Food
Has Becoms Sacred.
BIG HERDS GONE
World
War Waste« Europe’«
Meat Supply.
Eur«i>e Is still sending an Insistent
call for more foo<L We must send It American 8tock Raisers Co-operat«
if tlie war Is to go on efficiently. If
With Food Administration In Con­
we eat It all we cannot ship it, and
servation Measures.
the food administration lias already
tried to picture how much that wheat
It Is probable that Europe for many
Is needed by people who will starve If
they do not get It, the food administra­ years after the war will look to a
tion states.
great extent to America for its meat
"For the least bit of heedlessness supply.
I
on your part in food conservation some
Europe’s herds are dwindling under
one somewhere in the world must suf­
fer privation.” an official statement war's demands faster than they can be
declares. “The food administration replenished.
has mastered the problem of Ameri­
When the German armies retired
ca's food In such a way that every
ounce of food conserved and kept In from occupied portions of France uud
the currents of trade goes to an empty Belgium approximately 1,800,000 head
of cattle were appropriated. This ad­
stomach In Europe.
"It Is an absolute sin to waste food. dition virtually safeguarded Germany
Food Ims become sacred.
from cattle shortage other nutionsnow
"Food means life: it means some- suffer.
body's life, and you cannot escape re-
In England some 2,400,000 acres of
gponsibllity.
grass lands have by compulsory mens,
"There Is no waste of food among
tires been forced into gruiu production,
the allied nations.1
thus reducing pasturage and hay lands.
A declining scale of maximum meat
prices for live cattle was ordained In
England, as follows: For September,
$17.76 per huhdred pounds; October,
$17.28; November and December,
$16.08, and for January, $14.40. The
Every year the British government evident Intent of this measure was to
pays $200,000,000 toward the coat of drive the beef animals Into market as
that nation's war bread. That 1 b the soon as possible.
principal reason why English bread
According to official French figures,
prices are lower today to the consumer the eattle of France have decreased to-
the
than in America.
Incidentally
a total of 12,841,900 ns compared with
British bread Is much poorer than the 14,807,000 In 1913, Today, due to lack
American.
of forage principally, France is pro­
Great Britain has taken over all ducing only one gallon of milk where
home grown grain, bought at an arbi­
before the war two and one-half gal­
trary price, and all Imported wheat lons were produced.
bought In markets of the world at pre­
Meantime the United States food ad­
vailing prices. This is turned over to
the mills by the government at a price ministration has taken steps to con­
that allows the adulterated war bread serve our floujts and herds and to In­
loaf of four pounds to sell at 18 cents. crease their numbers. The stock breed­
The two pound loaf costs 9 cents, and ers of this country show a disposition
to co-operate with the government In
the one pound loaf sells for 5 cents.
In milling, however, 14 per cent, this.
For many years It has been a prac­
more flour Is extracted from the wheat
than In America. And there Is a com­ tice among many of the dairy people
pulsory adulteration of 20 per cent., of this country to kill male calves at
and an allowable adulteration of 50 birth and in many Instances the fe­
males It' not needed to replenish their
per cent.
Compared with American bread, the herds rather thun go to the expense of
British product is only about 65 per maturing them into veal. The high
prices of meat caused the virtual dis­
cent, pure at Its best.
In France, under conditions some­ continuance of this killing. Another
what similar, but with a larger extrac­ encouraging fact Is 75 per cent, of
tion, the four pound loaf sells for 16 calves killed for veal this year were
males.
cents.
Somebody has very aptly said that
the wars of the world have been won
with grease, meaning that bacon and
lard have been as essential to success
in war as powder, which Is true.
The hogs of Europe have been very
greatly sacrificed to present day needs.
“We have already exported the This makes the American burden all
whole of the surplus of the 1917 wheat the more heavy and makes doubly es­
harvest, over and above the normal de­ sential an Increased pork production
mands of our own population. It Is In this nntion. In Ituly grain is now
necessary, therefore, for the food ad­ forbidden to be fed to hogs. In Den­
ministration to restrict export of wheat mark under a recent order one fourth
so as to retain In the United States of the hogs were ordered to be killed.
sufficient supplies to carry our own It is estimated that one-half have now
people until the next harvest.
been killed.
"Therefore all exports of wheat
from now forward are limited entlrly
to volume of saving made by the Amer­
ican people in their consumption of
wheat and wheat products.
"We continued wheat shipments for
December as far as our situation al­
lowed, but even with all the conserva­
tion made we were still unable to load
The government has never consid­
several hundred thousand tons of food­ ered any plan of seizing foodstuffs
stuffs urgently required by the allied owned hy householders. Nor is there
nations during the month of December any policy of this kind suggested for
alone."
the future.
HERBERT HOOVER.
In spite of this fact, the United
States food administration has been
obliged repeatedly to issue official de­
WHEAT-CORN YEAST BREAD. nials
of rumors that the government
Intends commandeering preserves mid
canned goods put up in American
homes.
These rumors were originated partly
by pro-Gernian propagandists and part­
ly by conscienceless grafters, who
sought to profit through buying from
misinformed housewives.
The year 1918 will see home canning
and preserving practiced on greater
scale than ever before In the nation s
history, officials in Washington believe
Wheat-corn bread is more nutritious And they are assuring all patriotic
than bread baked with wheat flour housewives that foods so saved are
alone. Thousands of American fam­ theirs, and theirs alone.
ilies today are using this mixed flour
bread, and In so doing are enabling
NUTRITIOUS CORN BREAD
America to provide more wheat flour
for the allies. Here's a tested recipe
for this bread: Take one and a half
cups of milk, water or a mixture of
the two: one-half cake compressed
yeast, one and a half teaspoons salt,
one tablespoon sugar, one tablespoon
of fat If desired, one cup cornmeal
and two cups wheat flour.
Put one and a half cup« of water,
the cornmeal, salt, sugar and fat (if
used) Into a double boiler and cook
twenty minutes. The water is suffi­
cient only to soften the meal a little.
Allow the meal to cool to about the
temperature of the room and add the
flour and yeast mixed with the rest
One New York hotel has arranged
of the water.
Knead thoroughly,
Iresd
make Into loaf, place In pan of stand­ a thoroughly patriotic com
combine» cornmeal »■«
It combines
ard »lie, allow to rise until nearly recipe.
fills the pan and bake 45 or 50 min­ rye flour, both of which are being
utes. It Is hardly practicable to use sumed In greater quantities this
a greater percentage of cornmeal than In order to release wheat flour for 1
This recipe fill»
this even In emergencies, for bread so allied nations.
pan—16 by 22 inches- and ><'
made differs very little from baked ♦ large
—i-... . i. „
iI vi irrsxl i »«11 f F*
mush. Less cornmeal can be used tains the following Ingredients
quart
milk,
four
ounces butter «w*
and in sum a case the general meth­
tute, ten ounces light syrup or *1"n
od giviwi shew may be followed.
It 1« poairtla to uv«ke a yeast raised three eggs, pinch salt, two P1""
ear* lasatf srte* dm coaMng the cornmeal, one pound rye flour anu
-
WfWSL Jl frt» 4CW IM MN that MUu es baking powder
The butter and syrup are th«,r<”,|t
one cupful «f meal 4nnW he used to
four cupfuls of flour. In other re­ ly mixed. Then add the eves r™*’u
spects the bread Is mixed and baked ly, pour in the milk, then add
flour mixed with the cornmeal
as In the above recipe.
baking powder. Bake tn a hot o,e
WAR BREAD COSTLY TO
BRITISH ÜOVERNMENT
AMERICAN SAVINGS WILL
MEASURE WHEAT EXPORTS
SEIZURE BF HOUSEWIVES'
FOOD STOCKS IMPOSSIBLE
Effect on Military Situation.
American sugar stocks could he fill­
ed to normal very soon if ships could
be sent to Java, where 250,000 tons of
sugar is waiting for shipment. But
the shipping situation Is so acute that
the nation cannot spare the eleven
ships needed to transport this sugar
It would take the boats one year to
haul 250,000 tons. In the same time
they could be used for transporting
200,000 soldiers to France.
The food administration believes
that the American public will diminish
Its sugar consumption by 10 or 15 per
cent, when it Is made dear that such
sugar saving Is a patriotic act and
wlieh it Is understood that there are
plenty of sweeteners available to take
the place of sugar, such as honey or
corn syrup.
EUROPE NEEDS FOOD
Chamberlain's Tablets.
o— ■ ■
Chamberlain’s Tablets are intended
especially for stomach trouble, bil­
iousness and constipation, and have
met with much success in the treat­
ment of those diseases. People who
have suffered for years with stomach
trouble and have been unable to ob-
tan any permanent relief, have been
completely cured by the use of these
tablets. Chamberlain's Tablets are
also of great value for biliourve*«,
Chronic constipation may be permaa-
ently cured by taking Chamberlain’s
Tablets and observing the plain print-
ed directions with each bottle. For
sale by Lamar's Drug Store.
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