TILLAMOOK HEADLIGHT. JANUARYS25, 1917.
A BIG NAVAL EVENT
Launching of the First Warship
of Our Young Nation.
SHE WAS THE UNITED STATES
It Wae
Whan
Under
Water
a *reat Day In Philadelphia
Our First Naval Vessel Built
the Constitution Slid Into the
on May 10, 1797.
In the long list of splendid vessels
which in a hundred combats have
maintained the honor of our national
flag the United States stands at the
head. After three years of unavoid
able detention the first naval vessel
built by the United States under the
constitution was to be committed to
the waves. The day chosen for so
great an event in our history was May
10, 1797. The hour f<y the launching
was set for 1 in the afternoon, and the
whole city of Philadelphia, It is said,
went down to Southwark to behold
such a rare show.
One estimate puts the number pres
ent at the launching at 30,000 souls, a
goodly number for that period. An
other authority declares that an hour
after the launching took place the
streets of Philadelphia near the river
front were still choked with people
going home.
It was feared that a strong northwest
wind, which for several days had kept
back the tides of the river, would make
the waters of the Delaware much too
shallow to permit tile launching. Yet
at sunrise on tiie morning of the 10th
the best points of observation began to
be occupied by an eager throng.
By noon every hilltop and every
housetop commanding a view on each
side of the river and every inch of
space on the stands put up about the
vessel and before the house's on Swan-
ston street was covered with human
beings. In the river a hundred craft
rode at anchor, gay with bunting and
richly dressed dames. At 1 precisely
the blocks were knocked from under
her, the lashing of the cable cut and
amidst the shouts of the great multi
tude the United States slid gracefully
down her ways.
The builder of this first naval ves
sel of the United States was Joshua
Humphreys. The launching was wit
nessed by the president of the United
States and the heuds of the depart
ments, who were stationed in the
United States brig Sophie. Commo
dore Barry was in command of the
vessel.
The figurehead on the vessel was
carved by William Rush and repre
sented the genius of America wearing
a crest adorned with a constellation.
Her hair escaped In loose, wavy tres
ses and ^sted upon her breast. A
portrait of Washington was suspended
from her neck, and her waist was
bound with a civic band.
In the right hand the figure held a
spear and belts of wampum—the em
blems of war and peace. In her left
haud was suspended the constitution
of the Union. Above was a tablet on
which rested three books, to represent
the three branches of government, and
the scales of justice. On the base of
the tablet were carved the eagle and
national escutcheon and tiie attributes
of commerce, agriculture, the arts and
sciences.
Scarcely was the frigate in the water
than the journals of the country who
were in favor of the French republic
and took exception to the class rule of
the country, as they designated it, be
gan to scoff and to jeer. “What would
the executive do with his navy of one
forty-four gun ship? Send tier to hunt
up the Africa and demand satisfaction
for the Insults heaped upon the tow’n
of Newport and the French Minister
Fauchet? Send her to avenge the flog
ging given by an Englishman to the
captain of an American ship? Would
he use her to stop the Impressment of
our seamen and the plunder of our
merchantmen? Or would he use her
against the French?"
These radical Republicans noted that
Talleyrand himself had been heard to
aay that France had nothing to fear
from a nation of debaters that had
been trying for three years to build
three frigates.
The United Stales was one of the
first vessels to do service In the War
of 1812, with that brilliant sea captain,
Stephen Decatur, in charge, and the
most remurkable of the engagements
la which she fought was with the
Macedonian. Of all the battles between
American and British ships there was
none io often discussed and so well
remembered up to our civil war ns this
sea fight, for the reason that the vic
tory was well won for the Americans,
and the Macedonian was brought Into
»rt, and for many years she carried
t»e stars and stripes.—Philadelphia
Bess.
TITLES IN RUSSIA.
Where There Are Only Two Claoeoa,
Nobles and Peasants.
Contrary to the laws existing tn Eng
land and Sweden. In Russia when a
lady belonging to a titled family mar
ries a Russian gentleman without a
title she takes her husband's name en
tirely, and the only right left to her of
her former title Is to write on her visit-
ing curds and official papers “Mrs. So-
and-so, born Princess, Countess or Bar
oness So-and-so." Iler children are
called by their father's name. There
are only a few exceptions to this rule.
in Russia no middle class or gentry
are known. There are only nobles and
peasants. The czar, however, grants
sometimes for special meyit the right
to be styled a nobleman and also for
the same reason the titles of count and
bilron and occasionally that of prince.
All those merchants who have kept
their firms always flourishing for a
hundred years havo the right to receive
the foreign title of baron. This law
was made by Peter the Great over 200
years ago, but the merchants very sel
dom accept this title and generally de
cline the privilege.
In former days when the peasants
were still slaves they had no family
names, but were called by their fa
ther’s Christian name. Peter’s son was
culled son of Peter—in Russian Petrov;
so also Smirnov—Simon’s son; Ivanov
—Ivan’s (John) son, and so on. When
slavery was abolished and the emanci
pation -proclaimed by the Emperor Al
exander II. they all kept these names.
Since then many of them have received
the right to belong to the class of no
bles.
The Russian clergy, belonging to ths
class ol’ peasants, for it very seldom
happens that nobles become priests,
have special family names. TTielr
names mean always a feast day or a
precious stone or something connected
with the church. In former days the
clergy wus a class apart, und a son of
a clergyman was bound to be a clergy
man, and when they first entered the
church they chose a name for them
selves.— Loudon Answers.
ROCK OF GIBRALTAR.
Ths “Key of the Mediterranean" Has
Had a Stormy History.
England has been in possession of the
rocky promontory of Gibraltar since
1704. From that time to this it has
been a crowu colony under the admin-
istrution of a governor. By reasgn of
its Important strategical position it is
called the "key of the Mediterranean."
Gibraltar has bad a stormy history.
In 711 the rock was taken by the Arab
chief Tarik, who called It Jebel-al-Tar-
ik (Hill of Tarik) and built a fortress
on the promontory. Part of these ruins
is still extant. In 1309 it was taken
by the Castilians, only to be recaptured
by the Moore in 1333. It was held by
them until 1402. Following the tak
ing and sacking of Gibraltar in 1540
by Barbarossa, extensive military
works were built there by order of
Charles V.
’ In 1704 the promonotory was cap
tured by a combined force under Sir
George Rooke and the Prince of Hesse-
Darmstadt, lighting for the Archduke
Charles of Austria. The moment it fell
into their hands the British admiral
threw off the alliance with the Aus
trians and took complete possession of
the works.
British possession since that time has
been unbroken, although it wus under
a Spanish siege for nearly three years
and eight months, beginning in 1779.
Tw ice the garrison was on the point
of falling because of the starvation of
its defenders.
Line and Staff Officers.
Broadly speaking, the distinction be
tween a line officer and a staff officer
is that between the fighter and the
nonflghter. The staff officer has non
military duties. He may, for example,
be a member of the medical corps, an
Instructor at a military institute or
Lave charge of some administrative
department of the army or navy. The
word is also used for those men at
tached to the staff of die commander
in chief. A line officer is literally that;
he is the man in the tield or on a bat
tleship to do the actual fighting.—New
York Sun.
Where Eating Is a Trade.
“Maccheronl” eating is a trade with
the street beggar of Italy and appar
ently a satisfying one to men and boys
gifted with copper interiors Immune to
hent One of the most familiar cries
of the beggar is, “Signore, dame cinque
soldi, mangia maccheronl!” (“Mister,
gimme a nickel for macaroni!”) And
usually the plea ends with a lugubri
ous whine, “Oh, muorl dl fame!" (“Oh,
I am dying of hunger!") — National
Geographic Magazine.
Cold Calculation.
“Quality is more to be desired than
quantity,” said the man of artistic in
clinations
“Not always," replied the practical
Few Norwegians Can Swim.
Itls a curious fact, says the London person. “A diamond is pure carbon,
Lanaet, considering the gpograpby of but you can’t get the action from it
the country, that the proportion of Nor that you can from a ton of coal.”—
wegian who can swim is small, the Washington Star.
■ number of deaths in Norway from
drowniug being about GOO a year. Only
Made a Homa Run.
Willis—I played golf yesterday for
•bout 12 per cent of all the school chil
dren between the ages of twelve and the first time. Gillis—How did you
fifteen have learned to swim. Norwe make out? Willis—Fine. Made a home
gian sailors say the extreme coldness rim right at the start I hit the first
of the waters that lave their shores ball into tbe-tall grass in left field and
ran around the whole eighteen holes
k accounts far this.
before they found it.—Puck.
A Quick Decider.
, Clerk—The firemen turned the hose
In our basement, sir. and drenched two
piles of that silk dress goods. Mer
chant—Advertise a big sale of watered
■tlk right away.—Boston Transcript
I Long ailments wear out pain and
long hopes joy.—Stanislaus.
OUR FLOUR RIOTS
When Mob Law Ruled For Awhile
In New York City.
DURING THE PANIC OF 1837.
Short Crops and High Prices Added to
the Terrors of thg Financial Disaster,
and Warohoueos Were Wrecked by
the Frenzied Populace.
/
The panic of 1837 was one of the
most severe this country has ever ex
perienced. Owing to the scarcity of
money every sort of business received
a sudden and severe check. The price
of money rose, and none but those with
the best security could get it at any
terms.
The financial suffering was still fur
ther aggravated by the scarcity and
high price of flour in the eastern cities
The Hessian fly had made such rav
ages that the crops along the Atlantic
coast states were almost a complete
failure. In certain sections it was rec
ommended that the legislature estab
lish public granaries for the storage of
wheat.
*
Affairs in New York were brought to
a crisis by the leaders of the Anti-mo
nopoly, Equal Rights or I.ocofoco par
ty, who plastered the walls and fences
of the city with a handbill calling a
meeting of the people to be held in tiie
City park.
On the appointed afternoon some
8,000 persons, mostly foreigners, gatb.
ered in front of the city hall. Moses
Jacques was chosen chairman, but the
crowd was quickly parted into groups
and addressed by several speakers.
Conspicuous among the orators was
Afcxander Ming, Jr., many times a
candidate for city recorder. He closed
his harangue by offering a set of reso
lutions to be presented to the leglsla
ture and praying for a law prohibiting
the circulation of bank notes under
$100. They were adopted, and Ming
was carried off on the shoulders of his
admirers.
Another speaker meanwhile was ad
dressing another group of listeners
and, carried away by the denunciation
of the holders of flour, exclaimed: "Fel
low citizens, Mr. Hart has now 53,000
, barrels of flour in his store. Let us go
1 and offer him $8 a barrel, and if he
does not take it"—here somebody
touched him on the shoulder—"we shall
depart from hint hi peace."
The hint was enough, and his hearers
set ou in a body for the warehouse of
Eli Hart & Co., in Washington street
The clerks, on the approach of the
mob, hastened to shut the doors, but
one was burst In and barrels of flour
were rolled into the street and opened.
Mr. Hart, with a few police, now
arrived on the scene, but they were at
tacked with staves and stones and driv-
en from the scene. Barrels of flour and
sacks of wheat meantime bad been
thrown from the window by scores,
and the flour eagerly gathered up by
women and children.
A thousand
bushels of wheat and 500 barrels of
flour are said to have been destroyed.
While the mob was thus engaged the
cry "Meech, Meech!" was raised, and
a party went off toward the East riv
er to attack the warehouse of Meech &
C»„ but stopped on the way and sack
ed the warehouse of Herrick & Co..
and destroyed thirty barrels.
In a card published in the newspa
pers Hart & Co. remarked that the im
pression prevailed that they were mo
nopolizing flour. The truth was, all
flour in the city was the property of
the millers and was held under the
control of the owners. It was needless
to say that the destruction of an artl
cle could not tend to reduce the price.
Nor did it for flour at once went up
50 cents a barrel.
At a second meeting In the park a
few weeks later the crowd came bear
Ing flags Inscribed “No rag^ money—
give us gold or silver,” “Down with
chartered monopolies,” “We go for prln
clple; no monopolies,” "We will enjoy
our liberties or die In the last ditch.”
A carpenter’s bench was used for a
platform, and mounted on this Ming
urged his hearers not to use rag money,
which was the foundation of artlstoc-
racy and monopoly. Another speaker
advised the crowd to go west In a body,
buy land at $1.25 an acre, found a new
state and let the aristocrats build their
own houses. This time the artillery
paraded, and no disorder occurred.
The panic of 1837 passed into history
as probably the most severe monetary
crisis the country has ever experienced
Banks all over the country failed, and
most of the notes in circulation became
valueless. Many large business Arms
also failed, und mills and factories shut
down because tbelr products could not
be sold. Rich men became poor, and
poor people because there was no work
to be had suffered for lack of food. In
no place was the panic more keenly felt
than in New York, where all the banks
suspended May 10, 1837.—Philadelphia
Press.
A Great Wheel.
Laxey, In the Isle of Man, Is the
headquarters of the lead mines of the
island. It is celebrated also for Its
great wheel, which was erected in 1854.
Its diameter is seventy-two feet, and so
splendidly is it set that there Is no os
cillation, and it has been going prac
tlcally ever since its erection.
i.iZ HISTORIC SCHOENBRUNN.
Austria's Royal Palace the Seer.« of
Many Dramatic Events.
I. < than three miles southwest of
ill? I'.mgstrnsse. which surrounds the
inner city of Vicuna. Is the Impressive
pile of masonry known as Schocnbruun.
where some of the most dramatic epi
sodes in the history of Austria hare
been staged and where Emperor Fran
cis Joseph's death brought to a close a
phenomenal reign of slxty-elgbt years
A National Geographic society bulletin
gives the following description of the
royal summer residence and some of
tbo episodes which have bad a regal
setting there:
“With its more than 1.408 rooms
Schoenbrunn is a splendid example of
Imperial residence modeled on the
standard of the great palace at Ver
sailles. One of the striking peculiari
ties of this home of Austria's royal
family, however, is that instead of
crowning an eminence it is built on low
ground, while the magnificent park of
nearly 500 acres occupies the high
ground, rising gradually from the pal
ace doors until It terminates on a hill
adorned with a beautiful colonnade
called the Glorlette.
“Three important events of the Na
poleonic era were staged in the im
perial apartments of Schoenbrunn. The
first was tiie treaty of 1805, signed here
by Napoleon and Ilaugwitz, the latter
acting for the king of Prussia. By this
document Napoleon Inflicted a humiliat
ing diplomatic defeat on the Prussian
statesman, who agreed to surrender
Cleves, Ansbach and Neuchâtel to
France in exchange for Hanover,
whereas he had come to see the em
peror for the express purpose of dellv
ering an ultimatum demanding the
return of Hanover In the same year
(Dec. 27) Napoleon issued the procla
mation of,Schoenbrunn, In which the
Bourbon dynasty In Naples was declar
ed at an end.
"Four years after Haugwltz's humili
ation a second treaty of Schoenbrunn
was signed, the principals this time
being Napoleon and Francis I., the
Austrian emperor, who less than a year
later was to jwcome the father-in-law
of the 'upstart Corsican.'
“Ou this occasion the emperor of the
French again drove a hard bargain,
but this time his antagonist lied no
alternative, for the Austrian army hat
Just sustained the crushing defeat at
Wagram. The vanquished nation was
forced to give up Salzburg, a portloa
of upper Austria and extensive terri
tory in Carinthia, Carniola, Croatia and
along the Adriatic seaboard. Is addi
tion, Francis was compelled to relin
quish that share of. the booty which
had fallen to Austria in tha third dis
memberment of Poland (1795).
“One of the most pathetic scenes ever
witnessed within the walls of this
palace erected by Maria Theresa was
the final hour in the life ef the un
happy Due de Reichstadt, son of Na
poleon and the Austrian archduchess
Marie Louise. The ‘Eaglet,’ as be was
called, was Just twenty-oue wbea he
died of tuberculosis in a room ones
occupied by his illustrious father on
one of the occasions when he held
Schoenbrunn as Ids military headquar
ters. A perhaps too highly colored and
historically warped but superbly ap
pealing picture of this deathbed has
been given to the world by tho distin
guished poet-playwright of France,
Edmond Rostand. In bis widely known
drama of 'L'Aiglon.’
"One of the novel features of Schoen,
brunn Is its amazing number of kltch-
ens—139.”
Aroused Hie Suspicions.
A well known business man who was
lately married, says Billy Blair, took
out some life insurance last Thursday.
Coming uptown Monday morning, he
was accosted by one of his friends with
the salutation :
“What's the matter, old man? You
look worried.”
“Well, to be honest with you, I am.
You know. I took out some life Insur
ance last Thursday.”
“Yes,” replied the sympathetic friend,
“but what has that to do with the woe
begone expression on your face?"
“Well, the very next day after I had
It written my wife bought a new cook
book. Possibly it's all right, but it
certainly looks suspicions.” — Kansas
City Star.
Thirteenth Century Happiest Era.
Dr. James J. Walsh of New York
spoke on “The Happiest Era In Hu
man History” recently. He so describ
ed the thirteenth century, calling atten
tion to the good wages and low prices
of that age. the holidays and the lei
sure to enjoy life, it was the century
of architecture and literature. Con
trasting it with the present age. Dr.
Walsh regarded the twentieth century
as almost the unhappiest tn human
history.—Boston Transcript
An Ancient Work on Angling.
The greatest work of antiquity on
angling Is the "Halleutfca” of Opplan.
a Greek poet who flourished In ths
time of Severus. A. D. 198, from which
we learn that many artifices in fishing
thought to be modern were known ts
ancients.
We also learn from Atbeneus that
several other writers bad written on
fishing some centuries before the Chris
tian ei a
Not to Hie Liking.
POWER Of RADIUM
It May Be the Force Destined to
Destroy the World.
TO DIE IN A BUHST OF FLAME.
This Wonderful Element, It Is Claimed,
Will First Emancipate Man and Thon
Later on Put an End to Him and All
Hie Works In a Sea of Fire.
If we piece a thermometer into a
phial containing a minute quantity of
radium bromide it will indicate a tem
perature 2.T degrees hotter than the
temperature outside of the phial.
What the temperature would be if we
sabatltuted radium for radium bromide
we have no means of knowing, for sci
ence has not as yet produced pure ra
dium, although the lay world prefers
to think so. Our closest approach to
radium so far has been radium bro
mide, which If pure consists roughly of
three-fifths by weight of the element
radium and two-fifths of the Element
bromine.
Turning back to our thermometer, we
also make tho discovery that the beat
radiated from our speck of radium
bromide does not grow less as the days
and months—nay, years and centuries—
roll by. ftt) mysterious element con
tinues to furnish prodigious amounts of
energy, with never a let up or at least
not until it has “worked" for 2,500
years, this being the present calculated
age of radium.
In order to better comprehend what
this means let us compare it with coal.
This Is what we find:
According to Professor Soddy, a
gram of pure radium evolves 133 calo
ries of beat an hour. In one year
<8.7*10 hours) the same gram of radium
evolves 1,180,000 calories. In 2,500
years—the length of time radium will
evolve energy—2,900,000,000 calories
will be developed. Now, one gram of
coal when burned evolves 2.200 net
calories of beat Consequently the en.
ergy developed by radium is more than
a million times that furnished from the
combustion of coal.
Commercial radium salts are at pres
ent obtained by working the Austrian
pitchblende and lately from the Ameri
ca« carnotite found in Colorado. These
are practically the only commercial
sources known today.
But sodium la by no means as scarce
as most people bvllevo. Radium ema
nations have been found la springs, in
the air, tn rocks, etc., end this has
given rise to an extraordinary theory
regarding the evolution ef the worlds.
When tbo famous Swiss-Italian Sim
plon tunnel was constructed some years
ago totally unforeseen circumstances
arose which made the work most diffi
cult. Although this tunnel Is far above
sen level, tbs heat became unendurable
as the work progressed. Artificial cool.
Ing had to be resorted to in order to al
low tho workmen to proceed with their
wurk. Professor Joly then made the
astounding discovery that the rocks of
tho Simplon contained radium, which
accounted for the unexpected high tern-
pogatur® within tho mountain.
From this Joly has built up a new
theory e< evolution, and, while revolu
tionary tn tho extreme, it Is most plau
sible and gains more adherents each
year.
I .ord Kelvin already deduced that if
the earth contained only two parts of
radium pec million million—and a great
deal more is actually found in the
rocks and crust of our globe—this min
ute quantity would raise the tempera
ture of the earth's core 1,800 degrees
C. in 100,000,008 yearn. Tliere being no
escape for the imprisoned heat—the
earth’s cruet being an exceedingly bad
heat conductor—Professor Joly con
vinces us that as tho ages roll by the
interior of the earth must become hot
ter and hotter. Finally, after the end
of millions of millions of years the
crust must give way to this tremen
dous heat from within and the burst
ing earth must «go up in flames, becom
ing a burning gas ball, just as we see
our sun today.
This will be tho "Incandescent age.”
a title suggested by Professor Soddy.
After another ten million fears the
incandescent earth will have expended
all of Its heat Into space by radiation
and it gradually will cool. A new crust
then begins to form anew. This Is
what we see at present on the planets
Jupltee and Saturn, worlds just begin
ning to cool after emerging from their
incandescent age.
Thus we find that worlds do not die.
They slowly pass from one stage to
another, in a long and Interminable
cycle. It is more than probable from
the above that the earth must have
passed many times through this cycle.
Probably every time the world wefit
up in flames man was at his highest
point of civilization. Infinitely further
advanced than we are today. In an
instant every living soul had perished,
and for millions of years bls like was
not to tread again on the hardened
earth crust.
This Is ths new and greater gospel
of radium, the element which will
emancipate man and which will de
stroy him and his all later.—n. Gerns
bach in Electrical Experimenter.
II. T. Botts, Pres , Attorney
at-Law.
John Lelantj, Henderson, Sec
retary Treaa., Attorney at-
Law and Notrary Public.
Tillamook Title and
Abstract Co.
Law. Abstracts. Real Estate,
Insurance.
Both Phones.
TILLAMOOK—OREGON.
Have Your
House
Wiring Done by
Coagt power Co.
DONE RIGHT
at
RIGHT PRICES.
jQAVID ROBINSON, M. D ,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON
NATIONAL BUILDING,
OREGON.
—
TILLAMOOK
KI.A’ND E. ERWIN,
PIANO INSTRUCTION,
Diploma from Chicago Musical
College.—Beginners receive the same
careful training as the most advanced.
Terms:—$4.00 per months Instruc
tion.
All lessons given at Studio.
County Representative for the
Wiley B. Allen Co.s’ line of high
grade pianos, player-pianos, Victrolos
etc.
’
ATTORNEY-AT LAW.
Complete Set of Abstract Bocks in
Office.
Taxes Paid for Non Residents.
T illamook B lock ,
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T. BO ALS, M.D.,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
Surgeon S. P. Co.
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C. HAWK
One of Jerrold’s Retorts.
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON
Very tart was Douglas Jerrold’s re
tort to a would bo wit who, having
fired off all his stale jokes with no ef ¡ Bay City .... Oregon
fect exclaimed:
“Why, you never laugh when I say
a good thing!”
REEDY, D.V M.,
“Don’t I?" said Jerrold. “Only try
me with enol”
When he was on his dying bed the
witty Bishop Wilmer of the Episcopal
church was asked by one of bls rela
Ha Reduced.
Wlllto— I took up golf to reduce. Gil tives where he wanted to be buried.
A Cutting Retort.
“I do not want to be burled," was the 1
•T wish you were more like Mr. lis—Did you succeed? Willis—Yes. 1
bishop's conclusive reply. — Richmond
reduced
my
bank
account,
my
hours
at
Green. He never has any business en
Times-Dispateh.
the
office
and
my
reputation
for
veraci
gagements downtown at night”
VETERINARY.
•
"That’s so. But you don’t see Mrs. ty.—Puck.
Yon cannot dream yourself Into a
Cheerfulness keeps up a kind of sun
Gwen riding around town in an auto
Both Phones
Talebearers are just aa bad as tale shine in the soul and fills it with a character; you must hammer and forge
mobile of her own, do you ?”—Detroit
yourself one.—James Anthony Froude. Tillamook
steady and perpetual serenity.
makers.—8heridan.
- Oregow
Free Press.