TILLAMOOK HEADLIGHT. JANUARYS25, 1917. A BIG NAVAL EVENT Launching of the First Warship of Our Young Nation. SHE WAS THE UNITED STATES It Wae Whan Under Water a *reat Day In Philadelphia Our First Naval Vessel Built the Constitution Slid Into the on May 10, 1797. In the long list of splendid vessels which in a hundred combats have maintained the honor of our national flag the United States stands at the head. After three years of unavoid able detention the first naval vessel built by the United States under the constitution was to be committed to the waves. The day chosen for so great an event in our history was May 10, 1797. The hour f<y the launching was set for 1 in the afternoon, and the whole city of Philadelphia, It is said, went down to Southwark to behold such a rare show. One estimate puts the number pres ent at the launching at 30,000 souls, a goodly number for that period. An other authority declares that an hour after the launching took place the streets of Philadelphia near the river front were still choked with people going home. It was feared that a strong northwest wind, which for several days had kept back the tides of the river, would make the waters of the Delaware much too shallow to permit tile launching. Yet at sunrise on tiie morning of the 10th the best points of observation began to be occupied by an eager throng. By noon every hilltop and every housetop commanding a view on each side of the river and every inch of space on the stands put up about the vessel and before the house's on Swan- ston street was covered with human beings. In the river a hundred craft rode at anchor, gay with bunting and richly dressed dames. At 1 precisely the blocks were knocked from under her, the lashing of the cable cut and amidst the shouts of the great multi tude the United States slid gracefully down her ways. The builder of this first naval ves sel of the United States was Joshua Humphreys. The launching was wit nessed by the president of the United States and the heuds of the depart ments, who were stationed in the United States brig Sophie. Commo dore Barry was in command of the vessel. The figurehead on the vessel was carved by William Rush and repre sented the genius of America wearing a crest adorned with a constellation. Her hair escaped In loose, wavy tres ses and ^sted upon her breast. A portrait of Washington was suspended from her neck, and her waist was bound with a civic band. In the right hand the figure held a spear and belts of wampum—the em blems of war and peace. In her left haud was suspended the constitution of the Union. Above was a tablet on which rested three books, to represent the three branches of government, and the scales of justice. On the base of the tablet were carved the eagle and national escutcheon and tiie attributes of commerce, agriculture, the arts and sciences. Scarcely was the frigate in the water than the journals of the country who were in favor of the French republic and took exception to the class rule of the country, as they designated it, be gan to scoff and to jeer. “What would the executive do with his navy of one forty-four gun ship? Send tier to hunt up the Africa and demand satisfaction for the Insults heaped upon the tow’n of Newport and the French Minister Fauchet? Send her to avenge the flog ging given by an Englishman to the captain of an American ship? Would he use her to stop the Impressment of our seamen and the plunder of our merchantmen? Or would he use her against the French?" These radical Republicans noted that Talleyrand himself had been heard to aay that France had nothing to fear from a nation of debaters that had been trying for three years to build three frigates. The United Stales was one of the first vessels to do service In the War of 1812, with that brilliant sea captain, Stephen Decatur, in charge, and the most remurkable of the engagements la which she fought was with the Macedonian. Of all the battles between American and British ships there was none io often discussed and so well remembered up to our civil war ns this sea fight, for the reason that the vic tory was well won for the Americans, and the Macedonian was brought Into »rt, and for many years she carried t»e stars and stripes.—Philadelphia Bess. TITLES IN RUSSIA. Where There Are Only Two Claoeoa, Nobles and Peasants. Contrary to the laws existing tn Eng land and Sweden. In Russia when a lady belonging to a titled family mar ries a Russian gentleman without a title she takes her husband's name en tirely, and the only right left to her of her former title Is to write on her visit- ing curds and official papers “Mrs. So- and-so, born Princess, Countess or Bar oness So-and-so." Iler children are called by their father's name. There are only a few exceptions to this rule. in Russia no middle class or gentry are known. There are only nobles and peasants. The czar, however, grants sometimes for special meyit the right to be styled a nobleman and also for the same reason the titles of count and bilron and occasionally that of prince. All those merchants who have kept their firms always flourishing for a hundred years havo the right to receive the foreign title of baron. This law was made by Peter the Great over 200 years ago, but the merchants very sel dom accept this title and generally de cline the privilege. In former days when the peasants were still slaves they had no family names, but were called by their fa ther’s Christian name. Peter’s son was culled son of Peter—in Russian Petrov; so also Smirnov—Simon’s son; Ivanov —Ivan’s (John) son, and so on. When slavery was abolished and the emanci pation -proclaimed by the Emperor Al exander II. they all kept these names. Since then many of them have received the right to belong to the class of no bles. The Russian clergy, belonging to ths class ol’ peasants, for it very seldom happens that nobles become priests, have special family names. TTielr names mean always a feast day or a precious stone or something connected with the church. In former days the clergy wus a class apart, und a son of a clergyman was bound to be a clergy man, and when they first entered the church they chose a name for them selves.— Loudon Answers. ROCK OF GIBRALTAR. Ths “Key of the Mediterranean" Has Had a Stormy History. England has been in possession of the rocky promontory of Gibraltar since 1704. From that time to this it has been a crowu colony under the admin- istrution of a governor. By reasgn of its Important strategical position it is called the "key of the Mediterranean." Gibraltar has bad a stormy history. In 711 the rock was taken by the Arab chief Tarik, who called It Jebel-al-Tar- ik (Hill of Tarik) and built a fortress on the promontory. Part of these ruins is still extant. In 1309 it was taken by the Castilians, only to be recaptured by the Moore in 1333. It was held by them until 1402. Following the tak ing and sacking of Gibraltar in 1540 by Barbarossa, extensive military works were built there by order of Charles V. ’ In 1704 the promonotory was cap tured by a combined force under Sir George Rooke and the Prince of Hesse- Darmstadt, lighting for the Archduke Charles of Austria. The moment it fell into their hands the British admiral threw off the alliance with the Aus trians and took complete possession of the works. British possession since that time has been unbroken, although it wus under a Spanish siege for nearly three years and eight months, beginning in 1779. Tw ice the garrison was on the point of falling because of the starvation of its defenders. Line and Staff Officers. Broadly speaking, the distinction be tween a line officer and a staff officer is that between the fighter and the nonflghter. The staff officer has non military duties. He may, for example, be a member of the medical corps, an Instructor at a military institute or Lave charge of some administrative department of the army or navy. The word is also used for those men at tached to the staff of die commander in chief. A line officer is literally that; he is the man in the tield or on a bat tleship to do the actual fighting.—New York Sun. Where Eating Is a Trade. “Maccheronl” eating is a trade with the street beggar of Italy and appar ently a satisfying one to men and boys gifted with copper interiors Immune to hent One of the most familiar cries of the beggar is, “Signore, dame cinque soldi, mangia maccheronl!” (“Mister, gimme a nickel for macaroni!”) And usually the plea ends with a lugubri ous whine, “Oh, muorl dl fame!" (“Oh, I am dying of hunger!") — National Geographic Magazine. Cold Calculation. “Quality is more to be desired than quantity,” said the man of artistic in clinations “Not always," replied the practical Few Norwegians Can Swim. Itls a curious fact, says the London person. “A diamond is pure carbon, Lanaet, considering the gpograpby of but you can’t get the action from it the country, that the proportion of Nor that you can from a ton of coal.”— wegian who can swim is small, the Washington Star. ■ number of deaths in Norway from drowniug being about GOO a year. Only Made a Homa Run. Willis—I played golf yesterday for •bout 12 per cent of all the school chil dren between the ages of twelve and the first time. Gillis—How did you fifteen have learned to swim. Norwe make out? Willis—Fine. Made a home gian sailors say the extreme coldness rim right at the start I hit the first of the waters that lave their shores ball into tbe-tall grass in left field and ran around the whole eighteen holes k accounts far this. before they found it.—Puck. A Quick Decider. , Clerk—The firemen turned the hose In our basement, sir. and drenched two piles of that silk dress goods. Mer chant—Advertise a big sale of watered ■tlk right away.—Boston Transcript I Long ailments wear out pain and long hopes joy.—Stanislaus. OUR FLOUR RIOTS When Mob Law Ruled For Awhile In New York City. DURING THE PANIC OF 1837. Short Crops and High Prices Added to the Terrors of thg Financial Disaster, and Warohoueos Were Wrecked by the Frenzied Populace. / The panic of 1837 was one of the most severe this country has ever ex perienced. Owing to the scarcity of money every sort of business received a sudden and severe check. The price of money rose, and none but those with the best security could get it at any terms. The financial suffering was still fur ther aggravated by the scarcity and high price of flour in the eastern cities The Hessian fly had made such rav ages that the crops along the Atlantic coast states were almost a complete failure. In certain sections it was rec ommended that the legislature estab lish public granaries for the storage of wheat. * Affairs in New York were brought to a crisis by the leaders of the Anti-mo nopoly, Equal Rights or I.ocofoco par ty, who plastered the walls and fences of the city with a handbill calling a meeting of the people to be held in tiie City park. On the appointed afternoon some 8,000 persons, mostly foreigners, gatb. ered in front of the city hall. Moses Jacques was chosen chairman, but the crowd was quickly parted into groups and addressed by several speakers. Conspicuous among the orators was Afcxander Ming, Jr., many times a candidate for city recorder. He closed his harangue by offering a set of reso lutions to be presented to the leglsla ture and praying for a law prohibiting the circulation of bank notes under $100. They were adopted, and Ming was carried off on the shoulders of his admirers. Another speaker meanwhile was ad dressing another group of listeners and, carried away by the denunciation of the holders of flour, exclaimed: "Fel low citizens, Mr. Hart has now 53,000 , barrels of flour in his store. Let us go 1 and offer him $8 a barrel, and if he does not take it"—here somebody touched him on the shoulder—"we shall depart from hint hi peace." The hint was enough, and his hearers set ou in a body for the warehouse of Eli Hart & Co., in Washington street The clerks, on the approach of the mob, hastened to shut the doors, but one was burst In and barrels of flour were rolled into the street and opened. Mr. Hart, with a few police, now arrived on the scene, but they were at tacked with staves and stones and driv- en from the scene. Barrels of flour and sacks of wheat meantime bad been thrown from the window by scores, and the flour eagerly gathered up by women and children. A thousand bushels of wheat and 500 barrels of flour are said to have been destroyed. While the mob was thus engaged the cry "Meech, Meech!" was raised, and a party went off toward the East riv er to attack the warehouse of Meech & C»„ but stopped on the way and sack ed the warehouse of Herrick & Co.. and destroyed thirty barrels. In a card published in the newspa pers Hart & Co. remarked that the im pression prevailed that they were mo nopolizing flour. The truth was, all flour in the city was the property of the millers and was held under the control of the owners. It was needless to say that the destruction of an artl cle could not tend to reduce the price. Nor did it for flour at once went up 50 cents a barrel. At a second meeting In the park a few weeks later the crowd came bear Ing flags Inscribed “No rag^ money— give us gold or silver,” “Down with chartered monopolies,” “We go for prln clple; no monopolies,” "We will enjoy our liberties or die In the last ditch.” A carpenter’s bench was used for a platform, and mounted on this Ming urged his hearers not to use rag money, which was the foundation of artlstoc- racy and monopoly. Another speaker advised the crowd to go west In a body, buy land at $1.25 an acre, found a new state and let the aristocrats build their own houses. This time the artillery paraded, and no disorder occurred. The panic of 1837 passed into history as probably the most severe monetary crisis the country has ever experienced Banks all over the country failed, and most of the notes in circulation became valueless. Many large business Arms also failed, und mills and factories shut down because tbelr products could not be sold. Rich men became poor, and poor people because there was no work to be had suffered for lack of food. In no place was the panic more keenly felt than in New York, where all the banks suspended May 10, 1837.—Philadelphia Press. A Great Wheel. Laxey, In the Isle of Man, Is the headquarters of the lead mines of the island. It is celebrated also for Its great wheel, which was erected in 1854. Its diameter is seventy-two feet, and so splendidly is it set that there Is no os cillation, and it has been going prac tlcally ever since its erection. i.iZ HISTORIC SCHOENBRUNN. Austria's Royal Palace the Seer.« of Many Dramatic Events. I. < than three miles southwest of ill? I'.mgstrnsse. which surrounds the inner city of Vicuna. Is the Impressive pile of masonry known as Schocnbruun. where some of the most dramatic epi sodes in the history of Austria hare been staged and where Emperor Fran cis Joseph's death brought to a close a phenomenal reign of slxty-elgbt years A National Geographic society bulletin gives the following description of the royal summer residence and some of tbo episodes which have bad a regal setting there: “With its more than 1.408 rooms Schoenbrunn is a splendid example of Imperial residence modeled on the standard of the great palace at Ver sailles. One of the striking peculiari ties of this home of Austria's royal family, however, is that instead of crowning an eminence it is built on low ground, while the magnificent park of nearly 500 acres occupies the high ground, rising gradually from the pal ace doors until It terminates on a hill adorned with a beautiful colonnade called the Glorlette. “Three important events of the Na poleonic era were staged in the im perial apartments of Schoenbrunn. The first was tiie treaty of 1805, signed here by Napoleon and Ilaugwitz, the latter acting for the king of Prussia. By this document Napoleon Inflicted a humiliat ing diplomatic defeat on the Prussian statesman, who agreed to surrender Cleves, Ansbach and Neuchâtel to France in exchange for Hanover, whereas he had come to see the em peror for the express purpose of dellv ering an ultimatum demanding the return of Hanover In the same year (Dec. 27) Napoleon issued the procla mation of,Schoenbrunn, In which the Bourbon dynasty In Naples was declar ed at an end. "Four years after Haugwltz's humili ation a second treaty of Schoenbrunn was signed, the principals this time being Napoleon and Francis I., the Austrian emperor, who less than a year later was to jwcome the father-in-law of the 'upstart Corsican.' “Ou this occasion the emperor of the French again drove a hard bargain, but this time his antagonist lied no alternative, for the Austrian army hat Just sustained the crushing defeat at Wagram. The vanquished nation was forced to give up Salzburg, a portloa of upper Austria and extensive terri tory in Carinthia, Carniola, Croatia and along the Adriatic seaboard. Is addi tion, Francis was compelled to relin quish that share of. the booty which had fallen to Austria in tha third dis memberment of Poland (1795). “One of the most pathetic scenes ever witnessed within the walls of this palace erected by Maria Theresa was the final hour in the life ef the un happy Due de Reichstadt, son of Na poleon and the Austrian archduchess Marie Louise. The ‘Eaglet,’ as be was called, was Just twenty-oue wbea he died of tuberculosis in a room ones occupied by his illustrious father on one of the occasions when he held Schoenbrunn as Ids military headquar ters. A perhaps too highly colored and historically warped but superbly ap pealing picture of this deathbed has been given to the world by tho distin guished poet-playwright of France, Edmond Rostand. In bis widely known drama of 'L'Aiglon.’ "One of the novel features of Schoen, brunn Is its amazing number of kltch- ens—139.” Aroused Hie Suspicions. A well known business man who was lately married, says Billy Blair, took out some life insurance last Thursday. Coming uptown Monday morning, he was accosted by one of his friends with the salutation : “What's the matter, old man? You look worried.” “Well, to be honest with you, I am. You know. I took out some life Insur ance last Thursday.” “Yes,” replied the sympathetic friend, “but what has that to do with the woe begone expression on your face?" “Well, the very next day after I had It written my wife bought a new cook book. Possibly it's all right, but it certainly looks suspicions.” — Kansas City Star. Thirteenth Century Happiest Era. Dr. James J. Walsh of New York spoke on “The Happiest Era In Hu man History” recently. He so describ ed the thirteenth century, calling atten tion to the good wages and low prices of that age. the holidays and the lei sure to enjoy life, it was the century of architecture and literature. Con trasting it with the present age. Dr. Walsh regarded the twentieth century as almost the unhappiest tn human history.—Boston Transcript An Ancient Work on Angling. The greatest work of antiquity on angling Is the "Halleutfca” of Opplan. a Greek poet who flourished In ths time of Severus. A. D. 198, from which we learn that many artifices in fishing thought to be modern were known ts ancients. We also learn from Atbeneus that several other writers bad written on fishing some centuries before the Chris tian ei a Not to Hie Liking. POWER Of RADIUM It May Be the Force Destined to Destroy the World. TO DIE IN A BUHST OF FLAME. This Wonderful Element, It Is Claimed, Will First Emancipate Man and Thon Later on Put an End to Him and All Hie Works In a Sea of Fire. If we piece a thermometer into a phial containing a minute quantity of radium bromide it will indicate a tem perature 2.T degrees hotter than the temperature outside of the phial. What the temperature would be if we sabatltuted radium for radium bromide we have no means of knowing, for sci ence has not as yet produced pure ra dium, although the lay world prefers to think so. Our closest approach to radium so far has been radium bro mide, which If pure consists roughly of three-fifths by weight of the element radium and two-fifths of the Element bromine. Turning back to our thermometer, we also make tho discovery that the beat radiated from our speck of radium bromide does not grow less as the days and months—nay, years and centuries— roll by. ftt) mysterious element con tinues to furnish prodigious amounts of energy, with never a let up or at least not until it has “worked" for 2,500 years, this being the present calculated age of radium. In order to better comprehend what this means let us compare it with coal. This Is what we find: According to Professor Soddy, a gram of pure radium evolves 133 calo ries of beat an hour. In one year <8.7*10 hours) the same gram of radium evolves 1,180,000 calories. In 2,500 years—the length of time radium will evolve energy—2,900,000,000 calories will be developed. Now, one gram of coal when burned evolves 2.200 net calories of beat Consequently the en. ergy developed by radium is more than a million times that furnished from the combustion of coal. Commercial radium salts are at pres ent obtained by working the Austrian pitchblende and lately from the Ameri ca« carnotite found in Colorado. These are practically the only commercial sources known today. But sodium la by no means as scarce as most people bvllevo. Radium ema nations have been found la springs, in the air, tn rocks, etc., end this has given rise to an extraordinary theory regarding the evolution ef the worlds. When tbo famous Swiss-Italian Sim plon tunnel was constructed some years ago totally unforeseen circumstances arose which made the work most diffi cult. Although this tunnel Is far above sen level, tbs heat became unendurable as the work progressed. Artificial cool. Ing had to be resorted to in order to al low tho workmen to proceed with their wurk. Professor Joly then made the astounding discovery that the rocks of tho Simplon contained radium, which accounted for the unexpected high tern- pogatur® within tho mountain. From this Joly has built up a new theory e< evolution, and, while revolu tionary tn tho extreme, it Is most plau sible and gains more adherents each year. I .ord Kelvin already deduced that if the earth contained only two parts of radium pec million million—and a great deal more is actually found in the rocks and crust of our globe—this min ute quantity would raise the tempera ture of the earth's core 1,800 degrees C. in 100,000,008 yearn. Tliere being no escape for the imprisoned heat—the earth’s cruet being an exceedingly bad heat conductor—Professor Joly con vinces us that as tho ages roll by the interior of the earth must become hot ter and hotter. Finally, after the end of millions of millions of years the crust must give way to this tremen dous heat from within and the burst ing earth must «go up in flames, becom ing a burning gas ball, just as we see our sun today. This will be tho "Incandescent age.” a title suggested by Professor Soddy. After another ten million fears the incandescent earth will have expended all of Its heat Into space by radiation and it gradually will cool. A new crust then begins to form anew. This Is what we see at present on the planets Jupltee and Saturn, worlds just begin ning to cool after emerging from their incandescent age. Thus we find that worlds do not die. They slowly pass from one stage to another, in a long and Interminable cycle. It is more than probable from the above that the earth must have passed many times through this cycle. Probably every time the world wefit up in flames man was at his highest point of civilization. Infinitely further advanced than we are today. In an instant every living soul had perished, and for millions of years bls like was not to tread again on the hardened earth crust. This Is ths new and greater gospel of radium, the element which will emancipate man and which will de stroy him and his all later.—n. Gerns bach in Electrical Experimenter. II. T. Botts, Pres , Attorney at-Law. John Lelantj, Henderson, Sec retary Treaa., Attorney at- Law and Notrary Public. Tillamook Title and Abstract Co. Law. Abstracts. Real Estate, Insurance. Both Phones. TILLAMOOK—OREGON. Have Your House Wiring Done by Coagt power Co. DONE RIGHT at RIGHT PRICES. jQAVID ROBINSON, M. D , PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON NATIONAL BUILDING, OREGON. — TILLAMOOK KI.A’ND E. ERWIN, PIANO INSTRUCTION, Diploma from Chicago Musical College.—Beginners receive the same careful training as the most advanced. Terms:—$4.00 per months Instruc tion. All lessons given at Studio. County Representative for the Wiley B. Allen Co.s’ line of high grade pianos, player-pianos, Victrolos etc. ’ ATTORNEY-AT LAW. Complete Set of Abstract Bocks in Office. Taxes Paid for Non Residents. T illamook B lock , Tillamook . . . . Oregon Both Phones. T. BO ALS, M.D., PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON. Surgeon S. P. Co. (I. O. O. F. Bldg.) Tillamook .... Oregon EBSTER HOLMES, ATTORNEY-AT LAW COM MERCIAI. B U11.DI NG, FIRST STREET. OREGON rp H. GOYNli, ATTORNEY-AT-LAW. Office : O pposite C ourt H ouse , Tillamook .... Oregon, (I. O. O. F Bldg.) Tillamook - Oregon QR. L. L, HOY, PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON T illamook B lock , Tillamook, | JOHN - 1. III. AND - Oregon. HENDERSON ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR-AT-LAW T illamook B lock , Tillamook - - Oiegon ROOM NO. 2t)l. r^ARL HABERLACH, ATTORNEY-AT-LAW. T illamook B eock Tillamook ... Oregon C. HAWK One of Jerrold’s Retorts. PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON Very tart was Douglas Jerrold’s re tort to a would bo wit who, having fired off all his stale jokes with no ef ¡ Bay City .... Oregon fect exclaimed: “Why, you never laugh when I say a good thing!” REEDY, D.V M., “Don’t I?" said Jerrold. “Only try me with enol” When he was on his dying bed the witty Bishop Wilmer of the Episcopal church was asked by one of bls rela Ha Reduced. Wlllto— I took up golf to reduce. Gil tives where he wanted to be buried. A Cutting Retort. “I do not want to be burled," was the 1 •T wish you were more like Mr. lis—Did you succeed? Willis—Yes. 1 bishop's conclusive reply. — Richmond reduced my bank account, my hours at Green. He never has any business en Times-Dispateh. the office and my reputation for veraci gagements downtown at night” VETERINARY. • "That’s so. But you don’t see Mrs. ty.—Puck. Yon cannot dream yourself Into a Cheerfulness keeps up a kind of sun Gwen riding around town in an auto Both Phones Talebearers are just aa bad as tale shine in the soul and fills it with a character; you must hammer and forge mobile of her own, do you ?”—Detroit yourself one.—James Anthony Froude. Tillamook steady and perpetual serenity. makers.—8heridan. - Oregow Free Press.