able Increases in bank deposits In ag
ricultural States and the increase in
the number of small country banks are
directly and indirectly because of the
profits that have come to the farmers.
Weather Bureau Work.
The report presents the work ac
complished by the Weather Bureau tor
\X xzz
GREAT IS THE
AMERICAN FARMER.
•
CUT ELLIOT MITCHELL.
Secretary Wilson’s report to the
President on the present condition of
the American farmer and of the work
of his Department is the most remark
able statement of a great people’s pros
perity which has probably ever been
issued since time began. The Secre-
the highest value ever before reached.
While only one crop, corn, reached its
highest production this year, four
crops—corn, hay, wheat, and rice—
reached their highest value.
Value of * he Dairy Cow.
No crop but corn produces the ln-
the beneflt of the farmers, mariners,
(nd manufacturers, and points out
hat with all the development of this
work the average per annum increase
In the cost of the service for the past
ten years is but 4.41 per cent.
Suppression of Diseases of Animals.
Of the Bureau of Animal Industry
the Secretary says that the work of
fighting contagious diseases of animals
has been unremittingly carried on. The
report refers in detail to the principal
diseases which have been made the
subject of study, and concludes that
In every case the efforts of the Bureau
have been attended with a more sat
isfactory control or complete eradica
te commends highly the skill
lng to our cereal products and pre
pared meats. The latter included a
systematic examination of canned
goods. Its practical experiments have
developed the fact that, without excep
tion, the addition of the ordinary pre
servatives to foods is prejudicial to
health. The Secretary argues the need
of protecting the public from these
evil effects by legislation.
.
Soil Surveys and Soil Studies.
In spite of the activity of the Bu
reau of Soils, there are on file at the
present time requests for mapping 215
counties In 40 States and territories.
The surveys already made aggregate
63,000,000 acres In 44 States and ter-
rltories. The soils adapted to spe-
PROF. GALLOWAY,
Chief of the Bureau of Plant Industrv.
clal crops such as the grape, the apple,
citrus fruits, the sugar beet, alfalfa,
rice, corn, cotton, etc., have all been
made subjects of special study based
on the field surveys. The investiga-
SECRETARY WILSON, OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
tary says that it is a most grateful come that the dairy cow does,
task to present to his Chief and thus estimate of the value of dairy products
to the American people a pen picture for 1905 reaches 3665,000,000.
The
of the American farmer as he is to farmer's hen competes for precedence
day, to make clear the pre-eminent
position of the farming Industry, its
wonderful productiveness, and its large
contributions to the general prosperity
of the country.
His report also points out some of
the more Important work by which his
Department seeks to beneflt the farmer.
DR. WILEY.
Chi. f of Hie Bureau of Chemistry.
The same is two-fold. It seeks to
add to the knowledge of the man and
to increase the productive capacity of
the acre. Mr. Wilson does not, how-
•ver, lay back upon his oars and inti-
mate that everything is being done
that is necessary, for, great as has been
the work undertaken and accomplished,
and gratifying as has been the re
sults as shown in the first few pages
of this report, be it remembered, re
marks the Secretary, that we are still
at the threshold of agricultural develop
ment and that the educational work
which has led to such grand results
has only been extended as yet to a
portion of our agricultural population.
Unprecedented Prosperity of Farmer
A year of unequaled prosperity has
been added to the most remarkable
series of Bimilar years that has come
to the farmers of this country. Farm
| crops have never before been har
vested at such a high general level of
production and value. Corn has reached
its highest production, over 2,700,000,-
000 bushels, of a total estimated value
of 31,216.000,000. Hay comes second,
with a value of 3605.000,000. Cotton
is expected to yield 3575.000.000.
with wheat, poultry products aggre
gating halt a billion dollars in value.
Value of Farm Animals.
The value of horses and mules on
farms exceeded last winter 31,452,000,-
000. Milch cows are advancing In
numbers and are worth 3482,000,000.
The value of all other cattle is esti
mated at 3662,000,000.
Great Amount of Exports.
During the last fiscal year, exported
domestic farm products were valued at
3827,000,000. During tho last sixteen
years the domestic exports of farm
products have amounted to 312,000,000,-
000, or 31,000,000,000 more than enough
to buy all the railroads of the country
at their commercial value, and this
MR. PINCHOT, CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF FORESTRY.
and energy which characterized the
suppression of foot-and-mouth disease
in the New England States in 1902
and 1903.
tions of the Bureau into the question
of soil fertility and manurial require
ments have attracted general atten
tion and much comment.
The Cotton Boll Weevil.
Plant Diseases and Plant Breeding.
In the work of .the Bureau of En-
The Bureau of Plant Industry is or
ganized into eleven offices and employs tomology considerable space is de-
over 500 persons, about 60 per cent,
of whom are engaged in distinctly
scientific work.
In its systematic work in securing
new plants and seeds from foreign
countries the Bureau of Plant Industry
has been highly successful. Success
has also attended its work in cotton
breeding, undertaken with the view
to obtaining new sorts combining im
proved length of staple with produc
tiveness. The Secretary records the
production of a new citrus fruit, the
citrange, several varieties of which—
the Rusk, the Willets, the Morton—
have been developed. Another inter
J
esting product is the new tangelo, a
hybrid of the pomelo or grape fruit,
and the tangerine orange.
Very considerable importance is re
corded in the manner of seed distribu
tion. A special feature has been the
encouragement of school-garden work
thereby.
Growth of the Forest Service.
An important achievement in For
PROF. WHITNEY,
DR. MELVIN,
estry during the past few years has
Chief of the Bureau of Soils,
Chief of the Bureau Animal Indnstrg
been to enlist the sympathy and co voted to the Mexican
__ cotton
_____ boll
with the mere surplus for which there operation of lumbermen and forest weevil. The subject of dissemination
owners, and the Secretary urges that of the weevil through cotton gins has
was no demand at home.
the work of education continue until been very carefully investigated, and
Farmers as Bankers.
Ona of the most notable outgrowths
of savings by farmers is the great
multiplication of small National banks
in recent years. As many as 1,754
banks, each with a capital of less than
550,000, wore organized from March,
1900, to Octobet, 1905. These were dis
tributed mostly throughout the South
and tho North Central States, In rural
regions. In the Jouth 633 of these banks
were organized, and In the North Cen
tral States 792. For the first time in
DR. HOWARD,
Chief of the Bureau of Kntom >loxy.
public opinion will not tolerate heed-
leaa waits or injudicious loss. In ths
saving of waste the Service has added
vastly more to the National wealth
than its total expenditures during It*
entire history. The control of tho for
est reserve« embracing property worth
In cash at least 3250.000.0M. ha* been
tramferred to the Forest Service. The
Service continue« to afford Important
aid to private forest owners.
DR. MOORE. CHIEF OF THE WEATHER BUREAU,
Chemical In vest Igat Iona.
short wheat crop of lait year Is fol-1 the financial history of ths South, do-
lowed by one of ««4.000,000 bushel* I posits in the banks of that region now
Mren « Cl
•nd Its value, 3625.000,000, overtops exceed 31,000,000,000. These remark-
important la
STOP YOUR RUNAW av
NONE CENUINÈ
UNLESS STAMPED
Y.u Can 0« it
SAFETY REIN
QR fr safety reim
UTS IMO
BUCKLES
M ice ,
complete , 35.^"
Eiprsstags Prepay
No more Smash-upg; Mn__
LI».. Lull Caa g.
crows ; picce
WORKS INDEPENDENTLY OF THE DRIVING REINS.
Writs tor d.scrlpthe dreulsr, Ires ss application. to
THE GI5IUK MANUFACTURIXQ Ofs
47 EXCHANGE PLACE, NEW YORK
’
Will Stop any JTorse or Money Refanded.
of a parasite of the San Jose scale
from China.
Life Zones and Crop Zones.
The work of the Bureau of Biolog
ical Survey Includes the determination
of the boundaries of the natural life
zones of the United States and the
corresponding crop zones. The chief
purpose is to ascertain the bounda
ries of natural life zones with a view
to aiding the farmer in selecting crops
best adapted to his locality and. in
avoiding crops unsuited to it.
Studies of Birds.
One section of the Biological Survey
is engaged in the study of birds and
their various relations to man, espe
cially to determine whether birds
damage crops, whether they protect
insects either injurious or beneficial,
and to what extent they feed upon
weed seeds, Thousands of birds’
stomachs are examined in gathering
facts on this subject.
Publications of the Department.
In the Division of Publications more
than twelve million copies of publi
cations have been distributed by the
Department during the past year,
nearly 45 per cent, of which were dis
tributed through the Senators and
Representatives in Congress.
Need of Government Crop Reports.
Referring to the work of the Bureau
of Statistics, the Secretary says that
the development of organizations to
fix prices, and in some cases to force
temporary changes giving unnatural
advantages to price manipulators, has
led to the need of a strong and im
partial agency to make comprehensive
reports of actual facts relating to
prospective crops and yields, that all
concerned may know how to buy and
sell.
The Improvementof Public Roads.
The work of the Office of Public
Roads is primarily educational in
character, Its province is to detail
experts to give Information and ad-
vice. In many
__ , communities
__________ it is
found advisable to supplement advice
by practical demonstration of effect
ive road building. These roads have
been built in thirty-eight States.
Speaking of the growth of the De
partment, the Secretary reports the
number of persons on the rolls July
1, 1905, to be 5,446. Of these, 2,326
are rated as scientists and scientific
assistants. This shows an increase
since July 1, 1897, of 3,003 persons on
the rolls of the Department.
Gleanings in Bee Culture
... ........................................................................................................
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CHICAGO, ILL
CHICAGO. ILL.
DR. MERRIAM.
Chief of «J».. Bureau of Blologioal Survey.
Important results have been obtained,
resulting In recommendations to the
winners calculated to greatly reduce
this danger
Beneficial Insects Introduced.
Work baa been done by the Bureau
of Entomology in the Introduction of
the fig fertilising Insect of South Eu
rope. the Introduction of a parasite of
the black scale so injurious to citrus
and olive crops in California from
8outh Africa, and the Introduction
with
in the Southern States
V