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u uOLBLt AMLPICA’b
COTTON CROP.
’•Ar.
Results of Patient Experiments by
Government Agriculturists.
>£
GUV ELLIOTT MITCHELL
jonrteey Department >t Agriculture.
V
LQShe cotton crop of the United
¿¿•Weuchlng an annual value of
fj>JF«l00,0OO,<kX) it is easy to see
man wlli> can mnl£e
wortli
IM •wv
“J flve eent8 a pound more to the
•».T* will put a few dollars of
WwP6 «honey into the pockets of
Ithern planters.
¡¡iS» improvement of the crop lias
Tealized, and there is no reason
tvhy in ten years from now the whole
of the cotton belt should not be grow
ing a longer staple cotton worth on the
verage of 4^ cents a pound more
in the present crop. Of course this
'.lllenial condition of things will not
e altogether realized. That there
fill be a decided and general advance
i the value of the crop as the result of
fork already done by the Agricul-
;â
I h" f
t
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W
ORDINARY COTTON STAPLE.
SELECTED AND IMPROVED COTTON.
more like the old upland cotton than it
is like Egypt^n or Sea Island.
SEEDS OF NEW TYPES.
The parent types from which it has
been evolved are listed and carded in
the department’s collection, and each
year as the fresh crops come in from
the Improved fields their output is
carded for comparison. These new
types have now reached a point where
the department feels justified in send
ing out the new seed to the farmers.
And if the farmers will take a little
trouble and spend practically no
money at all, they will be ab.e to keep
up the improved strains so that in a
few years the American cotton crop
will have been doubled in value with
out necessarily expanding by a single
acre.
It has been tedious work, and has
been carried on systematically.
“Score cards’’ such as are used in
judging at stock shows are kept. The
I
records of the individual plants are
known, the shape and opening quail- |
ties of the boll, the date of maturing. 1
the length nnd firmness of the cotton
fiber and the degree to which the
parent plant may be depended upon to
transmit its desirable qualities to its
progeny. The work has been done in
I
■■ #<■
tlie open field and not in the care
fully tended plots of the experiment
statlops. Thousands of plants have
been destroyed each year, and only
the best types kept, These have
again been weeded out the following
year, and only the best of tile breed
have been kept. The farmers who
have been co-operating with the de
partnient in the work have been as a
-
rule careful, enthusiastic and pains
taking under the direction of the ex
[♦
perts sent into the field by the depart
ment. and slowly but surely the length
DISK PLOW DRAWN BY TRACTION ENGINE.
of the staple and other desirable quali
ties in the new cotton have increased,
till tlie department now feels it has a modeled because of these handy little every one of these projects there is an
excellent opportunity for the use of
new and fixed type that can be de machines.
It is bard to find a place to begin to powerful traction engines, accom
pended on to perpetuate its desirable
enumerate their advantages. In the panied by gang plows and harrows.
qualities.
One thing that has been carefully Item of traveling to the creamery These engines could be purchased and
observed is to keep growing the new there Is a great saving. Where the managed sy a number of settlers or
types on the ground where they will dairy owner has one of these ma they could be operated by one man
be cultivated commercially.
There chines, be need not go to the cream who would contract to do the work.
are several new strains adapted to ery more than three times a week In Up in the Northwest Territories a
slightly different conditions of soil the warm weather and twice in a Michigan man is preparing to intro
duce this method of custom plowing
and climate. It has been found in week during the colder months.
When cream only instead of the and cultivating. He Is building a plow
tlie case of wheat, for example, that
a strain may be Improved in one lo whole milk is delivered to the cream which will turn nine furrows, each
cality, and that by moving it to new ery, the item of hauling Is reduced to fourteen inches wide, and with a trac
surroundings it shows little, if any, its lowest limits. Say ten cans of milk tion engine which he has designed
improvement over the local type. This a day is the product of a given dairy. will plow 33 acres per day. He has
error has been avoided with the new Where a hand separator is used, haul- already contracted for 2,700 acres at
$3 per acre for plowing, and expects
to close arrangements for a much
larger area.
, tural Department is certain. But there
nre always the factors of ignorance.
Indifference and prejuuice to lie
reckoned with, nnd that will hold
'own the grand total of tlie advance.
This is human nature. Otherwise
«ry one would lie raising tborough-
\d stock, cats and chickens, which
( no more to feed and rear than
Jis, but everyone does not breed
uiglibreds, whetlier they be doge
1
ws. and so It Is a certain!y that
I
,tlie average of the cotton crop
i
itly improved by the use of
<
there will be a large num-
. planters who are sticking to the
442 I
,.•« CRT
.
„ liecause
_____
i rtf methods and complaining
the’ ^nil
hard to make a living.
i i the«,-
AJtd it bard
/ /
[IAL NEW strains
STRAINS. .
'7]hct,
that ' tlie
De-
e ir
1 ‘ however,
‘
‘
~
1/
pnr^p. ” J/ijf -iigrii-uiiureiiiiH,
Agriculture lias, ' uy
by several
several
//
yeni,,. fJWrslstent work, bred from tlie
A
/
toniv < s
c°fr°n fnlsed in tlie
%
sout ”jK-rnl new strains of cotton tlint,
r
willli "fix ing nil the deslralile qualities
of tlie old types, produce a staple that
is alinost n linlf longer. It is Just one
branch of the general Industry of plant
breeding, mid tlie result, ns sliown by
j
the cotton itself combed out In fleecy
'
whiteness on a black curd, I h a striking
j
object lesson in the possibilities of
plant breeding.
The Department ltns is'en nt the
work for some years, and in tile course
of its exiH'rlnients has handled thou
sands of samples mid hundreds of
k
thousands of Individual plants In mak-
ting tlie selections tlint are now con-
■Idereil good enough to lie sent out ns
new fixed types. Tile story of tills
improvement Is a long one. inter-
spersed with many dlsnppolntnients.
But the result now Is success beyond
contradiction.
Northerners, people
who live outside tlie cotton licit, do not
reallxe Just what a long staple cotton
A COTTON PLANT IMPROVED BY SELECTION.
grown on the uplands means. Cotton
Is our principal export crop. It Is tlie cotton, nnd the department not only Ing Is reduced from taking the ten
wrond most valuable crop grown In knows the seed that will prive beat cans to the creamery every day to
the United States, corn coming first. results, but the condition of soil and taking two cans of cream every other
It is the principal crop of ten states, climate tlint are best suited to the re day, or three cans twice a week.
nnd in large areas of these states it is quirements of each strain.
The hand separator allows the
almost tlie only crop grown. The
dairyman to feed the skim milk to
IF FARMERS IV1I.L HELP.
United States furnishes five-sixths of
The farmers at large can help great calves or pigs within a few minutes
tlie cotton crop of the whole world, ly In keeping up the work that has of the time It Is drawn from the udder
and while there are great areas, espe been given a practical start by the de and before the natural animal heat
cially In Africa, that are adaptable to partment. There are simple methods leaves It. This saves warming the
cotton, there is no prospect that the of seed selection that will insure a milk and allows Its use when It is per*
United States will lie overtaken as a steady Improvement In each successive fectly sweet and fresh.
producer for many years to come crop, nnd that will prevent the crops
The hand separator nave» hauling
I The world's consumption of cotton and from deteriorating. The selection of skim milk from the creamery to the
tlie consequent demand nre Increasing seed takes a little care nnd Intelli farm, and it also saves the dairyman
steadily, so that there Is little prospect gence, but it Is not deeply abstruse from the risk of getting milk from dis
of over production. All these things work, and the department has reduced eased cows to feed to bis young stock.
arc In our favor. Thon conies tlie it to simple directions that are easy This Is not a great risk, to be sure,
question of improving tills great crop. for any planter to folljw.
but It Is worth considering. Tuber
Outsiders do not realize tlint an
The “cotton belt,*’ so called, in the culous cows are frequently found In
eighth of au inch ou the ’“ngth of the United States is clearly defined. Cot- this country, and probably there is
hardly a creamery among the patrons
of which no cows suffering from
Ji
1
this disease could be found. If the
dairyman is sure of his own cows,
the band separator saves him from
the risk of getting tuberculous milk
from the mixture In the milk vat at
the creamery, from which he gets his
'S
skim milk when he delivers the wholv
milk.
I
< Lit il; T
The saving In work Is n large Item.
Instead of ten cans to care for ana
"k-
■f—* *—I
(Bl
keep clean and free from germs, there
are only two. This saves labor and
111
the Investment of money In utensils.
At the low price at which hand sepa
rators are sold, one will pay for Itself
time and again before It wears out.
on the various Items of economy men
tinned above.
There is another Item. The band
separator Is rapidly bringing about
the centralisation of the creamery In
dustry. Cream gathered from hand
separators Is now transported as fai
as 200 miles to the central creamery,
and hera It Is made Into butter at
OAniN'n COTTON AT SAVANNA!!.
much less cost than would be possible
In the local creamery with a limited
flt>cr In n catton boll means ft cent a ton la planted over the whole of it so field In which to operate. This allows
potiud additional on the value of the that there Is no large addition of range the creamery to pay a better price for
crop. Now by careful breeding and to the plant likely. It Is true that the butter fat and gives the dairyman
«election the Department of Agricul acreage within the licit could possibly more money from his cows.
ture has produced cottou that runs be doubled, but that Is not the thing
The man who keeps as few as five
from three-quartera of an inch to an the department Is after. Hood cotton
rill find It to bls advantage to
Inch and a quarter longer, than tlie land now yleUts 400 to H00 pounds to
hand separator, especially if be
«parent pl'its from which it
pro tlie acre
What the i!.>rsrt«»eBt
on the farm, for tn such
duced. This I* not a freak growjh. would like Is to sec thia yield rtcirffiM a case butter
the saving In work Is much
In value and In quautity. The founda greater than where a creamery taken
tion for thia lucre««« la now firmly laid,
i
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and If the planters will co-operate with | UNITED STATES DEClASlATIUi.
the department to even a reasonable
degree the value of the whole cotton Piowlng by Co-Operative Traction
crop in the United States can be vastly
Engines.
enhanced without planting a single
By
C.
J. Blanchard.
additional acre, and there will still be
A million acres will be added to the
enough land available in the cotton
belt to assure the United States of its cultivatable area of the country during
supremacy in the cotton world for the next three years, under the various
government irrigation projects. Most
many years to come.
of this acreage is raw land upon which
the plow has never turned a furrow.
(ream Separator on the farm. Thousands of new settlers will be lo
It has been only a few years since cated there and for several years the
the manufacturers of separators principal work will be clearing, level
ing, and plowing, to prepare the land
brought out band machines with the to receive the water.
definite purposes of making them pop Over vast stretches the sage brush
ular and selling them in large num is the only vegetation. In other places
bers, says the Farmer’s Wife in a the bunch grass makes a tough sod,
unyielding and hard to break. The
well considered editorial. From that subjugation
to agriculture of this new
time to this they have gained friends, empire has attracted the attention of
and now it is rare to hear anyone say the manufacturers of implements and
anything against them, and when this machinery. They see in this work a
virgin field for the products of their
does happen one may be sure it comes factories.
As most of the settlers go
from some person who bas been in- ing upon this land are not in af
jured by their use, and this is never fluent circumstances, and as feed for
stock will be scarce and costly, any
the man who provides.
which will eliminate the
The band separator has so many proposition
necessity for the purchase u horses,
advantages over the creamery sepa- plows and forage will naturally prove
rator that the whole creamery busl- interesting.
ness is being revolutionized and re-
It has occurred to the writer that in
«
men than be in the service, but he
stuck to them through thick and thin
and they appreciate it.’ J he fre
quency with which men state this as
a reason for success is significant.
It shows that the man of the hour is
the faithful man, the man who makes
his employers' interests his own and
whose loyalty never wavers.
Associated more or less with ail
these requisites and overshadowing
them all is bard work. “For this,” said
President James J. Hill of the Great
Northern Railroad Company, “there is
no substitute.” You may be lacking
in ability, in personality or some
other way and still succeed; but if you
have not the capacity for hard work
you are doomed to failure.
Study the lives of great men and
you will see in ninety-nine cases out of
a hundred, their achievements are due
to the possession of this capacity.
William E. Corey, the president of
the United States Steel Corporation,
attributes his first success to “not be
ing afraid to do $2 worth of work for
$1.” When a laborer lie wheeled so
much more iron than tlie other work
men that he was soon made foreman
over them. Tlie words “hard work”
come nearer to holding tlie key to suc
cess than volumes of advice.
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Positions awaiting competent men. Send stamps for
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with postage for return if not accepted to The Geo.
R. Lawrence Coppany, 274 Wabash Ave., Chicago,
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Best shears, best terms. Credit given. Orders filled
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20 ACRE TRACTSI'HOICESTfruit and farm land
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< <
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Suite 143,305-309 Broadway, N. V.CIty
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Courtesy, Promptness, Loyalty and
Hard Work Are Keys to Success in
Business.
By H. J. HAPQOOD,
President of Hapgoods.
15 MASS. HISTORICAL Post Cards, postpaid 10c.
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CATSKILL MT. PC8T CARDS-10 assorted finest
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wall on-Hudson, N. Y.
How to hold n position? Do just as
little work as you possibly can; take
no interest in the business; curse the
injustice of your employers when you
see younger men advanced over your
bead. Ry following these rules you
may hold a position ten years, but the
siiliiry paid you and tlie responsibility
placed upon you will be little if any
greater than when you started.
Put by holding a position we mean
something broader and better than
this. We mean constantly increasing I
your employer's satisfaction, steadily
developing higher ability and surely
advancing to larger and greater re
sponsibility.
My subject is then really “success
in business,” and this, like success of 1
any kind, is “untaught and unteach-
able.” There are, however, certain
valuable hints to be gained by study
ing tlie careers of men who have suc-
ceeded. Although the paths by which
these men have won success are wide
ly different, there are certain features |
which stand out prominently in all of i
them. These I believe to be the es- I
sentials for business success—prompt
ness, courtesy, loyalty, hard -work.
Promptness is the key note in thia
age of hustle. Opportunity waits for
nobody, and the man who is always a
little behind time is playing a losing
game. “Always there with the goods”
is one of the highest tributes that can
be paid a modern business man.
"Having the goods” is the first con
sideration, but this will avail little if
you are not always there with them
when wanted.
In this connection a good story is I
told of Philip D. Armour and a young
man who had just begun work for i
him. When on the first morning the |
young man reached the office at 91
o'clock, he found his employer al
ready there at work. The next morn
ing at 8:80 and the following morning i
at 8 o'clock it was the same. At last, !
determ ined for once to be there first,
the new clerk was there at 7 o’clock.
When he walked into the office Mr.
Armour looked up from his desk and
grimly Inquired: "Young man, where
do you spend your forenoons?”
Business hours are not usually as
long as Mr. Armour made them, but
whatever they are they are rigidly ob
served. Five or ten minutes in the
morning, trivial as It may be itself, is
a pretty sure indication of the degree
of promptness you will show in more
inqsirtant matters.
"I know of no investment more cer
tain to pay large dividends than
courtesy," said a successful business
inan the other day, and he spoke the
truth. In the nerve-racking, endlees
rush of affairs, there is nothing which
leaves a stronger impression than a
pleasant word or a kind act, especially
If it be something most men over
look. Business courtesy is largely a
matter of habit and Is one of the
habits we can afford to cultivate.
In the army and navy loyalty is an
essential fsr succeM and it is no less
so In the business world. Enthusiasm !
and loyalty go hand In band: a man I
cannot lw really interested In his work ,
unless he has an employer to whom
N» H
loyaL "T>ero are man- *"“shter I
la loy«L
I can reduce your weight 8 to B pounds a week.
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y"?.have reduced your flesh to the de-
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JE?® L d! treatment is recommended by eminent phy-
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on
Obesity—Its Cause and Cure ” free to all interested:
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M. C. MADfORD, M.D., 20 bit 22d St. Dent * ts, New York City,
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A POPULAR EDITION OF
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THE COMING PEOPLE”
BY CHARLES F. DOLE
Author of •• The American Citizen;” “ The Religion of a Gentleman;’’
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tribution to the thought of the present day.
T
THERE IS IN IT THE INSPIRATION OF
HIGH AND PATRIOTIC IDEALS
It sheds a new light, bright, clear and convincing, in its
common-sense optimism, upon the conditions that confront the
nation to-day. Everyone who reads it will go forward with a
clearer vision of the future of our country and with renewed
courage and faith in the cause of the people .
Theodore C. Williams, late Master of the Hackley School,
New X ork.in a San Francisco paper, declares that “it gives the
profoundest thought with a transparent simplicity and charm
that make it universally readable. It speaks as a friend to a
friend. It has the rare eloquence of perfect ease and clearness.”
The London Spectator calls it “a healthy and virile essay.”
The Bradford (England) Observer, speaking of its reality
and reasonableness, says it is “ a very revelation.'’
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It should be read by all who feel the pressure of
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