TO DOUBLE AMERICA’S
COTTON CROP,
Olartlinf jjesuea of Patient Bxperiments by
JKvernment Agriculturists.
JQUY ELLIOT T Ml rCHELL
-1rT.,t i nitT‘~^~lT—~T "7'**
’ ■> Agricultura
With th® cotton crop of the United
Htates reaching an annual value of
nearly $<j00,000,000 It I® easy to see
that the man who cun make It worth
four or five cents a pound more to tlie
grower will p.ut 'a few dollars of
,fr.pending money . Into the pockets of
R.ibe southern piaaters.
]o This Improvement of the crop has
ie;>n realized, ®ud there is no reason
Tl/ffiy In ten year» from now the whole
the ¡Cotton belt should not be grow-
ar pra longer Staple cotton worth on the
... ¿erage of
cents a pound more
‘ than the prepent crop. Of course this
—
--i™ o of ; things
will not
'ulilenlal condition
t.
b< altogether
—„—j, realized,
/ , - That there
zlltoai'
tleclded ' and general advance
In the valui
uehof the crop as tbe result of
worts already don» by the Agricul-
ORDINARY COTTON STAPLE.
SELECTED AND IMPROVED COTTON.
uud If the planters will co-operate with
the department to even a reasonable
degree the value of the whole cotton
crop In the United States can be vastly
enhanced without planting a single
additional acre, and there will Still be
enough land available in the cotton
belt to assure the United States of its
supremacy in the cotton world for
many years to come.
Cream Separator on the Farm.
It has been only a few years since
ie manufacturers of separators
brought out band machines with the
definite purposes of making them pop
ular and selling them in large num
bers, says the Fanner’s Wife in a
well considered editorial. From that
time to this they have gained friends,
and now it is rare to hear anyone say
anything against them, and when this
does happen one may be sure it comes
from some person who has been in-
jured by their use, and this is never
the man who provides.
The hand separator has so many
advantages over the creamery sepa-
rator that the whole creamery busi-
ness is being revolutionized and re-
UNITED STATES RECLAMATION.
Plowing by Co-Operative Traction
engines.
By C. J. Blanchard.
A million acres will be added to the
cultivatable area of the country during
the next three years, under the various
government irrigation projects. Most
of this acreage is raw land upon which
the plow has never turned a furrow.
Thousands of new settlers will be lo
cated there and for several years the
principal work will be clearing, level
ing, and plowing, to prepare the land
to receive the water.
Over vast stretches the sage brush
is the only vegetation. In other places
the bunch grass makes a tough sod,
unyielding and hard to break. The
subjugation to agriculture of this new
empire has attracted the attention of
the manufacturers of implements and
machinery. They see in this work a
virgin field for the products of their
factories. As most of the settlers go
ing upon this land are not in af
fluent circumstances, and as feed for
stock will be scarce and costly, any
proposition which will eliminate the
necessity for the purchase of horses,
plows and forage will naturally prove
interesting.
It has occurred to the writer that In
more like the old upland cotton than it
is like Egyptian or Sea Island.
SEEDS OF NEW TYPES.
The parent types from which it has
been evolved are listed and carded in
the department’s collection, and each
year as the fresh crops come in from
the Improved fields their output is
carded for comparison. These new
types have now reached a point where
the department feels justified in send
ing out tlie new seed to the farmers.
And if the farmers will tnke a little
trouble and spend prr-tlcally no
money at all, they will be ab.e to keep
up the improved strains so that in a
few years the American cotton crop
will have been doubled in value with
out necessarily expanding by a single
acre.
It has been tedious work, and has
been carried on systematically.
“Score cards” such as are used in
jnilgiug at stock shows are kept. The
records of tlie individual plants are
known, the shape and opening quali
ties of the boil, the date of maturing,
the length and firmness of tlie cotton
liber and tlie degree to which the
parent plant may lie depended upon to
transmit its desirable qualities to its
progeny. Tlie work lias been done In
the open held and not in the care
fully tended plots of tlie experiment
stations. Thousands of plants have
been destroyed each year, and only
the best types kept. These have
again been weeded out the following
year, and only the best of tlie breed
have been kept. The farmers who
have been co-operating with the de
partment in the work have been as a
rule careful, enthusiastic and pains
taking under the direction of the ex
perts sent Into the field by the depart
ment, and slowly but surely the length
DISK PLOW DRAWN BY TRACTION ENGINE.
of the staple and other desirable quali
ties in the new cotton have Increased,
till tlie department now feels it has a modeled because of these handy little every one of these projects there is an
excellent opportunity for the use of
new and fixed type that can be de machines.
It is hard to find a place to begin to powerful traction engines, accom
pended on to perpetuate its desirable
enumerate their advantages. In the panied by gang plows and harrows.
qualities.
One thing that has been carefully item of traveling to the creamery These engines could be purchased and
observed Is to keep growing the new there is a great saving. Where the managed by a number of settlers or
types on the ground where they will dairy owner has one of these ma they could be operated by one man
be cultivated commercially.
There chines, he need not go to the cream who would contract to do the work.
are several new strains adapted to ery more than three times a week In Up in the Northwest Territories a
slightly different conditions of soil the warm weather and twice in a Michigan man is preparing to intro
and climate. It has been found In week during the colder months.
duce this method of custom plowing
When cream only instead of the and cultivating. He is building a plow
tlie case of wheat, for example, that
a strain may be Improved In one lo whole milk is delivered to the cream which will turn nine furrows, each
cality, and that by moving it to new ery, the item of hauling is reduced to fourteen inches wide, and with a trac
surroundings It shows little, If any, its lowest limits. Say ten cans of milk tion engine which he has designed
improvement over the local type. This a day is the product of a given dairy. will plow 33 acres per day. He has
error has been avoided with the new Where a hand separator is used, haul- already contracted for 2,700 acres at
$3 per acre for plowing, and expects
to close arrangements for a much
larger area.
tural Depaftmi’Ut 1« certain. Hut there
are always tlie factors of ignorance,
indifference and , prcjuuice to lie
reckoned with anti that will hold
de« n, tin grand tol.il of the advance.
Thm Is tmmnn nature. Otherwise
etery one.wouK be raising thorough
bred stoelf, cats and chickens, which
cifct bo more to feed and rear- than
scrubs, -but everyoqa dot's not breed
thoroughbreds, whether they be dogs
r cows, pud so it 1» a certainty that
ion tho arbrage of the cotton crop
vastly Improved by the use of
iter seed
__ there
__ will
__ be
’ a large num-
ilahters who are sticking to the
thods nntf complaining because
<1 it hard to make a living.
SEVERAL MEW STRAIN’S.
■ It la a fact, however, that the De
partment of Agriculture lias, by several
•years of persistent work, bred from the
old -vftrletlea of cotton raised In the
ttoutli several new »trains of cotton that,
while having nil the desirable qualities
of t! te Old types, produce n Staple that
1» almost a ltalf longer. It Is Just one
branch of t)ie general Industry of plant
breeding, and the”result, as shown by
x the cotton Itself cpmlwd out In fleecy
Whitefiess on a black card. Is a striking
object lesson in the possibilities of
plant breeding.
The Department has been at the
work for some years, and In the course
Of Its experiments has handled thou
sands of samples ami hundreds of
thousands of individual plants In mak-
’"'TRS-tbe selections that are now con
sidered good enough to be »ent out as
new fixed types. The story of tills
Improvement Is a long one. inter-
■porsed |wlth ninuy disappointments.
But the result now is success beyond
contradiction.
Northerners, people
who live outside the cotton belt, do not
realize Just what a long staple cotton
A COTTON PLANT IMPROVED BY SELECTION,
grown, on tho uplands means. Cotton
the department not only Ing is reduced from taking the ten
Is our principal export crop. It is the cotton,
seed that will give best cans to the creamery every day to
second most valuable crop grown In know*
the United States, corn coming first. results, but the condition of soil an<l taking two cans of cream every other
It la the principal crop of ten state», cllnmte that are best suited to the re- day, or three cans twice a week.
and in large areas of these states it is quirement» of each strain.
The hand separator allows the
almost the only crop grown. The
dairyman to feed the skim milk to
IE FARMERS WILL HELP.
United States furnishes live-sixths of
The farmera at large can help great calves or pigs within a few minutes
the cotton crop of the whole world, ly in keeping up the work that ha* of the time it Is drawn from the udder
und while there are great areas, espe been given n practical start by the de and before the natural animal heat
cially in Africa, that are adaptable to partment. There are simple methods leaves It. This saves warming the
cotton, there Is no prospect that the of seed »election that will insure a milk and allows Its use when it Is per
United States will be overtaken ns a steady improvement In each successive fectly sweet and fresh.
producer for many years to come. crop, and that will prevent the crops
The hand separator saves hauling
The world’s consumption of cotton and from deteriorating. The selection of skim milk from the creamery to the
the consequent demand are Increasing seed takes n little care and intelli farm, and It also saves the dairyman
steadily, so that there Is little prospect gence, but It Is not deeply abstruse I from the risk of getting milk from dis
of over-production. All these things work, and the department has reduced eased cows to feed to his young stock.
ore ID OUr favor. Then come» tlie It to simple directions that are easy This is not a great risk, to be sure.
question of Improving this groat crop for any planter to foil ,w.
I but It Is worth considering. Tuber
Outsider* do not renllze that tin
The "cotton belt,” so called, in the culous cows are frequently found In
eighth of %n Inch on the ' -ngth of the United States is clearly defined.
this country, and probably there is
hardly a creamery among the patrons
of which no cows suffering from
this disease could be found. If the
dairyman is sure of his own cows,
the hand separator saves him from
the risk of getting tuberculous milk
from the mixture in the milk vat at
the creamery, from which he gets his
skim milk when he delivers the whole
milk.
Tin1 saving In work Is a large Item.
Instead of ten cans to care for ana
keep clean and free from germs, there
are only two. Tills saves labor and
the Investment of money In utensils.
At the low price at which hand sepa
rators are sold, one will pay for Itself
time nn<l again before It wears out.
on the various items of economy men
tloned above.
There Is another Item. The hand
separator Is rapidly bringing about
the centralization of the creamery In
dustry. Cream gathered from hand
separators Is now transport*»! a» fai
as 2OG miles to the central creamery,
and here It Is made Into butter at
MIADING COTTON AT SAVANNAH
much less cost than would be possible
In the local creamery with a limited
> a cotton boll means a cent a ton I* planted over the whole of
field In which to operate. This allows
additional on the value of tho that there Is no large addition of range the creamery to pay a better price for
Now by careful breeding and to the plant likely. It la true that the butter fat and gives the dairyman
the Department of Agrieul- acreage wlthlu the belt <-ould possibly more money from his cows.
bu» produced catton that runa be doubled, but that la not the thing
Tho man who keeps as few as five
artera of an inch to an the detuirtment la after. Good cotton cows will find It to his advantage to
piarter longer than the land now yield* 400 to 800 pounds to buy a ha separator, especially If be
from which it was pro- the acre.
What the department
on the farm, for In such
la not a freak growth, would like I* to ace this yield doubled makes
saving In work Is much
la tmpreveaaent that has In value ami In quantity. The founda
• creamery takes
lytic, and la no tion for th la Increase Is now firmly laid.
men than he in the service, but he
stuck to them through thick and thin
and they appreciate it.” Th» fre
quency with which men state this as
a reason for success is significant.
It shows that the man of the hour is
th» faithful man, the man who makes
his employers’ interests his own uud
whose loyalty never wavers.
Associated more or less with all
these requisites and overshadowing
them all is bard work. "For this,” said
President James J. Hill of the Great
Northern Railroad Company, "there is
no substitute.” You may be lacking
in ability, In personality or some
other way and still succeed; but If you
have not the capacity for bard work
you are doomed to failure.
Study the lives of great men and
you will see in ninety-nine cases out of
a hundred, their achievements are due
to the possession of this capacity.
William E. Corey, the president of
the United States Steel Corporation,
attributes his first success to “not be
ing afraid to do $2 worth of work for
$1.” When a laborer he wheeled so
much more iron than the other work
men that he was soon made foreman
over them. The words “bard work”
come nearer to boldiug the key to suc
cess than volumes of advice.
RiiOKKEEPEK: Man thoroughly experienced in
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ihSrie of iffle? ^lary JEW. WriU us to-day.
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MISCELLANEOUS.
now TO HOLD A POSITION.
Courtesy» Promptness, Loyalty and
Hard Work Are Keys to Success in
Business.
By H. J. HAPGOOD,
President of Hapgoods.
How to hold a position? Do just ns
little work as you possibly can; tnke
no Interest In the business; curse the
Injustice of your employers when you
see younger men advanced over your
head. By following these rules you
may hold n position ten years, but the
salary paid you and the responsibility
placed upon you will be little if any
greater than when you started.
But by bolding a position we mean
something broader and better than
this. We mean constantly increasing
your employer’s satisfaction, steadily
developing higher ability and surely
advancing to larger and greater re
sponsibility.
My subject Is then really “success
in business,” and tills, like success of
any kind, is "untaught and unteach-
able.” There are, however, certain
valuable hints to be gained by study
ing the careers of men who have suc
ceeded. Although the paths by which
these men have won success are wide
ly different, there are certain featnres
which stand out prominently in all of
them. These I believe to be the es
sentials for business success—prompt
ness, courtesy, loyalty, hard work.
Promptness 1» the key note In this
age of hustle. Opportunity waits for
nobody, and the man who is always a I
little behind time is playing a losing
game. “Always there with the goods”
is one of the highest tributes that can
be paid a modern business man.
"Having the goods” is the first con
sideration. but this will avail little If
you are not always there with them
when wanted.
In this connection a good story Is
told of Philip I). Armour and a young
man who had Just begun work for
him. When on the first morning the
young man reached the office at 9
o’clock, he found his employer al- I
ready there at work. The next morn
ing at 8:30 and the following morning I
at 8 o'clock It was the same. At last,
determined for once to be there first,
the new clerk was there at 7 o'clock.
When he walked into the office Mr.
Armour looked up from his desk and
grimly Inquired: “Young man. where
do you spend your forenoons?”
Business hours nre not usually as
long as Mr. Armour made them,' but
whatever they are they are rigidly ob
served. Five or ten minutes in the
morning, trivial as It may lie itself, is
a pretty sure indication of the degree
of promptness you will show in more
Important matters.
"I know of no investment more cer
tain to pay large dividends than
courtesy." said a successful business
man the other day. and he spoke the
truth. In the nerve-racking, endless
rush of affairs, there is nothing which
leaves a stronger Impression than a
pleasant wool or a kind act. especially
If it be something most men over
look. Business courtesy is largely a
matter of habit and is one of the
habits we can afford to cultivate.
In the army and navy loyalty Is an
essential for nrmu and It Is no less
so Inthe business world. Enthusiasm
a ml loyalty ko ba
In band: a man
cannot be really I
ted in his work
nnleaa he ha* an
iployer to s horn
be la loyaL "The
many bright«
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JUST PUBLISHED
A POPULAR EDITION OF
"THE COMING PEOPLE'"
BY CHARLES F. DOLE
Author of •• The American Citizen;” “ The Religion of a Gentleman;"
" The Spirit of Democracy.” etc.
HIS remarkably interesting and stimulating book has
been everywhere welcomed as a most valuable con
tribution to the thought of the present day.
T
THERE IS IN IT THE INSPIRATION OF
HIGH AND PATRIOTIC IDEALS
It sheds a new light, bright, clear and convincing, in its
common-sense optimism, upon the conditions t^hat confront the
nation to-day. Everyone who reads it will,go forward with a
clearer vision of the future of our country and with renewed
courage and faith in the cause of the people .
Theodore C. Williams, late Master of the Hackley School,
New York,in a San Francisco paper, declares that “it gives the
profoundest thought with a transparent simplicity and charm
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friend. It has the rare eloquence of perfect case and clearness.
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and reasonableness, says it is “ a very revelation.”
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mending the book for its timeliness.
It should be read by all who feel the pressure of
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