KLAMATH
Official Newspaper
o! Klamath County
REPUBLICAN.
KLAMATH FALLS, KLAMATH COUNTY, OREGON, JANUARY 23, 1908.
VOL. XII.
NO. 43
IMPROVED
HIGHWAYS
TO CLOSE
LID TIGHTER
Government Takes a
Hand in the Matter
City Council to Pass
on New Ordinance
Lewis’ Store Destroyed
FURNISHES INFORMATION
THE PRINCIPAL FEATURES
NO CLl'E TO THE CULPRIT
Practical Instructions Sent
Out By Department of
Agriculture
New Measure Drawn Along
Lines Laid Down by
the State Law
Ky Taylor's Barber Shop and
The Pantatorium Badly
Damaged
and shipping the high grail*- ore waa
have no mor« than two ditches, on« on
HÖRE CANDIDATES
WEDDING
soon in active ' petalion.
each sid« ol Hi« road by giving it a
The town ol Rawhide was then laid
crown or elevation in the canter of 71« l-a»l Week's List Is Added Io and
Roberts-White
out and in six weeks the population in-
Inches above the lop ut the inner slop«
More Vet to Come
One of the must prominent social creased to I2U0. Town lots raiaad in
ol the ditch lor alKMoOt road, aud where
affairs ol th« season occarred Saturday value from $',0 to $-'i<)0 in two weak« time,
Hi« hills ar« a little sleep make th«
evening when Miss Clarice While, one and some even higher than that.
The mention made last week ol the
crown IU Incliee.
With a crown of
of tbe leaders of the younger set, was
Mores, shops, hotels, leer! Iiarns and
about 1 inch to ths loot from the center probable < andiilates for office luul the
united in marriage to Chari«« I Roberta. 14 saloons were srern in operation. The
to the sides, tbe ditches which are effect of stirring the friends of other
The event occurred at tlie beautiful financial panic had a depressing effect
oltuer built across the road on steep gentlemen, and Hus week the Republi
Irouie of the bride's Jia rents on Fourth on the town, hut business is still on the
grades to deflect the water will not In can presents to its readers the names ol
street and was witnessed by alxtut Ixxiin.
needed Instead ol carrying waler across !.. F. Willits for state senator, W P.
23 of the immediate relative« ot the
The Hnowg‘x4se Ixiys are Klamath
the road m opati ditches, tile or con Rhodes, ol Merrill, for county clerk, and
County Ixiys, having i-ome to Keno from
; contracting parties.
crete drains should, it possible, lie pro <’. J. hwingle, of laugi-ll Valley, fur
i Iowa in 1801. They are softer, hard
The parlor, reception and dining ' working men and acquainted with hard
vided.
They should have suffkieut county commissioner. Of course, none
!
rooms
had
lieen
artistically
decorated
capacity and fall lo carry the maximum ■ of these gentlemen have eigniUed their
work and disappointment. They worker!
for tbe occasion under the personal in the mining business lor seven or
aiuouut ut water that is expected to Intention ut being candidates for the
direction of Miss Maud Baldwin and i eight years and gained nothing out ex-
flow through them et any one time. office mentioned and are simply lieing
* perience. However, tlie last year their
Mr«. F. M. White, and the electrical | labor has been crowned with such aliun-
The eapacity Is increased in pro|airtiun urged to do so by their friends. It is
illumination
presented
a
most
pleasing
one
thing
to
be
a
candidate
and
another
to grade; for instance, 12-iuch pipo Isid
dant success that they may well leel re
sight. The spacious reception room, paid for their privations ami hardships
on s one per cent grade will carry 1800 t" I* urged to lie one. On the old prin
where the ceremony was performed, of tbe past.
galloons |«r minute, while the same cipal that It is the early bird that < alcbes
!
was almost exclusively decorated with
the
worm,
it
is
getting
close
to
the
time
pip« laid on a 2 per cent grade will carry '
'huge quantities of Oregon grape. Th«
2600 galloon« per minute.
Further- when those who seek to nominate ought
Prospects
Oil
1 only exception lieing the wedding Ml,
mor«, a culvert laid Hat will Coon Illi up, to make known their intention to do so.
suspended trutu the bridal arch al ths
B. M. Grigsby, who la out working lor
while one having a good incline will
The coming summer will see portions
i west end of the room, which was cov»
bis nomination lor sheriff, has lease.I hia
keep itself clear.
The ordinance introduced iu the City cred with tbe soft network ol swoid of Klamath and Lost River Basina thor
L. Alva Lewis’ jewelry store waa
Inasmuch as one of the greatest needs
ranch
to
J.
D.
«¡rimes
and
O.
L.
Brown,
"In llie maintenance of an earth
oughly prospected and developed for oil. burglarized at an early hoar Saturday
of a new country is good roads, we are road, avoid the mistake ol changing the being desirous of freeing himself from ; Council at last Monday night's meeting, ferae. In contrast the dining room pre-
I^st Saturday morning articles of incor morning, and the daring robber at-
pleased to iulortr our readers that we natural order of tilings. Naturally the anything that would interfere with hif providing lor the licensing and regula j seated the appearance of a conserve-
tion of saloons and the selling ol liquors, I tory with quantities of l-eantiful carna poration ol the Klamath Oil Company , tempted to cover up the deed by setting
have lieeii fortunate enough to make ar Soil la found on top and llie clay on the political labors.
will, if passed and enforced, mean th« tions. roses and ferns which had lieen were filed with the Secretary of State at fire to the building. The timely discov
rangements whereby the I'nlled Htalas bulloni. II this order is reversed in
alieolute prohibition ut all gambling ami sent by friends from Washington, Port Salem. Articles were also file.) with tbe ery of the blaze and the quick action of
Office of ,‘ublie Roads will supply this constructings road, the result will be
iqo K
County Clerk last Saturday afternoon. the fire department in responding to
the prohibition of the sale of liquors on land, Grants Psss and Medford.
paper with practical articles on various | leas satisfactory than il the eoil lie lelt
Munday, The provisions are very simi I At 8:30 the wedding procession was While the business and pursuits of the the alarm prevented a consummation of
features of road building and mainte I at the top ol llie road, for soil makes a
Registration opens, Jan. 0.
lar to the old ordinance, covering the formed and passed through an aisle corporation will lie general in nature ac the well laid plane. That the perpe
nance, which will i>e published from lietler surface to a road than clay. II
Closes
for
primaries,
April
7.
Mate
law.
Therefore it will not 1« formed of satin ribbons held by little cording to the articles, the special pur trator had made a study of the premises
time to lime. Our subscribers are urged the rua I lied is largely clay to start
Primary Elections, April 17.
necessary to appeal to the bhcriff, as the Aajoria I'eliell and Hattie White. poses of the company are to sink, con is evidenced by the manner in which an
to give this matter careful consideration with, It will be well to place Bandy soil
Registration reopens, April 21.
city officials will be empowered to Mendelsohn's wedding march was ren struct and maintain wells, shafts, tun entrance was gained. Underneath tbe
and ere requested to forward to Uli» orcloan saud on top. A covering of 0
Closes lor election, Msv 15,
handle all complaint.
As many of dered by Mrs. Pratt. The groom waa nels. adits, cuts and excavations for the jewelry store is a basement use.1 for
office for transmission to the office ol to 10 Inches <d sand upon clay that per
(Jenera! Election, June 1.
the proviaions of the old charter are em attended by Oscar Hhive, as first man. purpose of developing mineral oil, petro storing wood and articles of little or no
public roads any practical question sista In breaking up into deep mudholes
Registration reopens Hept. 20.
bodied in the proposed one, it w>ilt only and the bride by her sister, Miss leum,coal and all other minerals of every value. Heue it was that the burglar
which lhev desire answered relating to will usually lie satisfactory, and il sand
Cloves for electron, Oct. 20.
lie necessary to mention a few of the im Georgia, as maid ot honor. Tbe cere nature and description; to construct commenced operations. Taking a brace
road coffetruction and maintenance. enough lie adder), thia clay will cease to
Presidential
Ejection,
Nov.
3.
portant sections. Helling liquor without mony was performed by Rev. G. T. and maintain canals, ditches, pipe lines and bit which he fonnd there he cut
Questions snd auseeis will be published make mud. It the roadbed is composed
Information compiled for the instruc a license shall lie punished by a tine not Pratt, the simple Episcopal ring service and reservoirs for the flow, storage and out by boring holes a space in the floor
by this paper at suitable Intervals. Ttie I ol sand it can be improved by an appli
impending of oil or pretroleum; for the sufficiently large to permit of hia crawl
less than $|u or more than $100 or im being employed.
lion of the public is as follows:
article printed herewith derls with the cation of clay.
purpose of imponding waters for the ing through to the store above.
prisonment
for
a
|«riod
not
exceeding
Proceedings
Under
Initiative.
—
Initia
maintenance ol earth roads ami is ol
Immediately following the guests re
The rule tor a setvicaable earth road,
purposes of storage, power purposes,
The thief was remarkably bold, for
tive petitions must have 7,405 signa 10 days or both.
especial interest lo this county, where | then, is as follows
paired
to
tbe
dining
room
and
partook
Make ditches on
and the generating of electrical power, the electric lights are left burning all
OAMHI.IXh
country roads are ezlensively used. each side and keep them open; haul tures; Initiative petitions must be tiled
of the sumptous wedding supper, after
Sec. 8. "It is prohibited, and made which the young couple were driven to etc. The incorporators are H. S. Sims, r.ight and two of them were still burn
The writer says
"We may recognise semi and gravel upon sections needing by January 31 ; arguments advocating
Thos. Hampton, Chas. Horton, E. B. ing after the fire haa gained much
tbe value of hard and durable mads in ibis treatment. use a road machine and measures musi lie tiled by February 3; ! unlawful, for any person licensed under their future home on Pine street.
Hall, Fierce Evans and R. I. Kilgore headway. The workbench in the front
the
provisions
of
this
ordinance,
to
keep
initiative
measures
must
lie
printed
by
all parts ol the ouaniry, bnt th« fact ro a Spill log .Ils,- Jll.llr U'llSiv lull dr-sr'llp
The bride presented a beautiful pic
of thia county, J. W. Holmea, brother of the store and less than five feet
maine tliat lor a long Huie to come the lion of which will lie contained in a llie secretary of state by March 2. copies a disorderly house, or permit any un I ture in a handsome gown of cream net,
of the General Manager of the Baker from the sidewalk was rifled of its
majority ol the roads will tie composed later article), follow the "elicli in time" of measures must be mailed hi voters by law Ini gaming, or to permit any bois with bands of ribbon over cream silk.
rule and give an earth road llie same April 7 ; secretary of state must make terous or riotous conduct in or about bis
Iron Works of Los Angeles, and E. E. contents, including quite a bit of small
ol earlii. Furthermore, in about nine careful persistent attention you would
She carried a boquet of white carnations.
Weaver, Manager of Armour Packing jewelery that had been left for repaira,
SCNPAV CUoMXU
monthe out of the year, the earth road, give your prise err«, factory or store, up ilia form of liallol by Msv 4.
The bridesmaid was dressed in pink and
Company of Portland.
Besides the as well as the lathe and a number of
Primary
Election
—
Candidates
for
and
it
will
pay
as
largì-
a
profit
in
pro
place
of
business,
or
to
open,
or
permit
II properly cared lur, is reasonably sat
carried pink carnations. The groom
above the stock subscribers include tools.
state and district offices, lo 1« voter! for to be opened hie place of besiness for wore conventional evening drees.
isfactory. For many agrlciillutal ilia- portion to your individual outlay."
in more than one county, and for cir tbe parpose of tralfy- m the flrat day of | Msny tieautiful and useful presents Frank Adams, W. C. Dalton, Judge L.
Considerable silverware, as well as
trids, it IS tliv only road al present
Club
cuit
judges ami district allorueys. must ( Die «reek, commonly called Sunday; or were received, consisting mainly of sil F. Willits, John Stilts. L. Gerber and bracelets, chains and other jewelry waa
available,
lienee, three ouiumuniti.-s
many other prominent Klamath County
file willi Ilia secretary of state, al the J to give, soil or supply spiritous, malt or I ver and hand painted cbina.
also taken, but just how much Mr.
should set themselves seriously to work
citizens.
lime
ol
beginning
lo
eirMlaie
petitions,
vinous
liqnors
to
tain
ore
or
habitual
Lewis will not know until ho has
to learn the best methods of maintain
Th» bride is the daughter of Mr. and
The first open meeting ol the Tuesday
Those interested say that »he ipveati- ( chovkod up bis at auk.
1, ,r
•*r4*warrv pMWew al H,e Inu« | Mrs. <». W. White and has long been
T*e lathe Md
ing earth roads aud ol getting the mssi •venlug Musical Club was livid at the s copy of the petition IrW a.iminaiimi^
gations and tests made during the past ’
m a drunken
druuk- or mtuziuatcd condition." , prominent in social circles.
several packages of silverware were
■uum sanies from them.
I'roeperily Klamath Conservatory ol Music last signed by himself, as evidence that saul. in
year
prove
beyond
a
doubt
that
the
en
elector is a candidate for nomination by ' Conviction lor violation -ball Ina punish
found just back of the store, evidently
i om«e to the country lo a great extent night
The groom is a memlwr of the firm of
tire south end ef the county is rich in
through the prosperity ol the farmers.
The Club is composed rd the majority his party. The vole cast by a political I able by a tins* of not less than $10 or Roberts A Hanks, hardware merchants, oil. The statements of H. S. Sims, the having been dropped by the robber ia
This fact strongly suggests the impor of the musical talent ol Klamath Falls, (■arty in each voting preciucl lor repre snore than $10'1 or imprisonment for a and is one of the leading business men eil specialist, who made the flrat exam his hurried flight.
Mr. Lewis places hia loss at about
tant* ol giving the earth road every p«e and its object is the mutual lieneflt and sentative In congress that last preceding l«riod of not less than 5 days or more of the city. He has been identified with ination. have been verified by experts.
$1500, with an insurance of $600, while
sible care and attention in its location, enjoyment which they can give one an general e'ection is ths basis on which than 20 days or both at discretion of the business interests of the city since from Southern California oil fields.
the percentage for petitiona
the building, owned by Ky Taylor, waa
Police J u dge.
drainage, construction and mainton- other
his boyhood and his genial nature has
The incorporators say that these ex insured for an equal amount, and hia
roarxiTs ucwxaa
aoae.
A large crowd of invited friends greet counted, and need not exceed
yearly added to his popularity.
perts predict that Klamath will de- loss being practically the same as that
natures.
Sec. 10. In case of a conviction of
Mr. and Mrs. Roberts will be at home develope the largest oil fields in the of Mf. Lewis.
"An earth road couipoewl of water* ed the Club and one ol the uniat enjoy
Petitions for nominations to I* voted any poison, licensed under the provision to their friends after January 25.
holding Soil should be ei|«>sed lo the able musical programs ever given in
world, and it waa for the purpose of i In prosecuting his labors in the base
for in districts comprising more than of this ordinance, for a violation of any
• un and air as freely as poeaibla, as com- Klamath Falls, was rendered. Every
proving
to the world our reeources in ment the robber used for illuminating
of
the
provisions
of
Sec.
8,
the
Police
one county must 1« signed by at least
purposes two candles set in between
parison lietwecn the shaded and sunny number was encored. Mrs. Q. T. Pratt
this line that the company was firmed. nails driven into a piece of pitch pine.
two per cent of the electors residing in ' Judge shall declare a forfeiture of tiie li
Patton
Wells
and
Miss
Evelyn
Applegate,
who
is
portions ol ouch a road will easily indi
All of the money is to be used for de- In starting the fire coal oil was evi
each of al least one-eighth of the pre- ■ cense.
Mies Myrtle Wells and Chas. A. Pat- vslopme >t work. They make no prom dently used quite freely, as those who
cate. Thia should 1« accomplished by president of the Club, gave piano solos,
ditv or maksnali .
cincte
in
each
or
at
leaat
two
counties
;
ton, both well known young people of ises. They simply put in what money . were first on the scene could easily de
< leering a sufficient amount of trees and and the vocal soloists were Mrs. T. W. I
Sec. 12. Il shall be the duty ol the 1
in the district and need not exceed 600
Ashland where they have lived most of they can afford to lose. If they are j tect the odor of burning oil.
undergrowth away from the road. It Ziminertnsn, Mrs. Jessie Brock Mor
marshal
to
make
complaint
to
the
Po
signers.
It is scarcely possible that the guilty
their lives, were quietly married Wed successful it will interest capital and '
must lie renteuiberd, however, that gan. Roy«.. Walker, Mr. T. W. Zim
Petitions (or nomination for offices lo lice Judge of any and all violation of the nesday evening at eight o’clock, at the bring thousands of people here. Ma-1 p rty will make a get-away, for while
merman,
Mrs.
I
kin
J.
Zumwalt,
and
sandy and gravelly roads require mois
chinery has been ordered and operations no particular individual ia suapicioned,
be voted for in only one county, or die- p ro visions of this ordinance.
residence of tbe officiating miniater, will be commenced immediately upon : yet the officers are on the alert and the
ture, aud in these cases ooms shade Rev. (ieo. T. Pratt.
mull LICBNSK
trict, shall be tiled with tbe county
Rev. W. I.. Mellinger of ths Christian its arrival.
coarse work of the robber and incen
Miss Elsie Applegate delighted the
should lie retained.
Furthermore,
clerk
not
less
than
15
daya
before
the
The
amount
of
the
license
is
left
va
Citizens throughout the county are diary will doubtless lead to hia detec
church.
Mr. Patton ia a valued em
trees are lieneflcial along river banka audience with a l>eaiitifill violin solo.
date act for the primary election, Wed cant and it is intimated that it may ploye of one of the local truck com receiving numerous inquiries in regard tion.
and on steep grades subject lo washing. The program also included n reading by
possibly lie raised as there has lieen panies. The bride is the daughter of to the oil prospects. The following let- I Ky Taylor’a barber shop was put out
nesday, April 1.
Prof.
C.
A
Howard.
"Drainage is one of the most import
ter from the Los Angeles Express is a
The form of primary ballot must be acme talk in favor of high license. Mrs. Ellen I. and the late Erastua sample of the interest the subject is at- i of business principally by water, al
Mr. Howard's dialect readings are
though some damage was done by fire,
ant |>oints toconsider In connection with
certified to by the secretary of state by Those opposed, however, argue that Wells, pioneer residents of this section.' trading on the outside:
while the Pantatorium was also damp
an eartli road. The majority of earth especially line, and hr* captured the
March 30.
raising the license at this time would 1* —Tidings.
"Dear Sir:—! would appreciate it aa ened quite a bit. The glass in R. 1.
roads in all mountainous and hilly dis audience with his encore. "Th« Moo-
Canvass of votes for nominations for an injustice to the raloonmen.
a favor if you would send me all the Hammond’s front doors was shattered
tricts have too mucti drainage. Occa cow-moo."
state and district offices must be made
fads regarding the oil excitement in by some excitable individual in well in
It is a fact that the sole revenue of
The
program
closed
with
a
vocal
duet
bv
May
2.
Bonanza district, names of companies tended efforts, but the fire was prac
sionally a road will be tound with five
the city this year has lieen from the sa
lieautifully
rendered
by
Miss
Mae
Word-
formed, preparations for drilling and tically confined to the jewelry store.
ditches, three in the middle made by
A quiet, pretty marriage occurred extent of acreage taken up. Any de
loons, on account of the council making
en and Mr. Burge Mason,
Mr. Lewis' private safe and that be
tbe lioreee' hoofs and by wheels of the
no tax levy. In view of the condition Tuoadav evening, Jan. 21, at tbe home tailed information regarding the situa longing to the county were apparently
The evening was one of pleasure ami
vehicles, and two on the sides All well- showed what an array of talent is fonnd
tion
will
aid
our
oil
columns
greatly.
not tampered with by the burglar
of business snd financial affaire, it would of the officiating minister, P. Conklin.1
I
"Very truly yours
constructed earth roads are supposed lo I in Klamath Falls.
and are apparently uninjured, although
The interested parties were Mr. Earl C.
The regular meeting of the city coun come hard on some at this time.
"W. E. W ing . "
they have not been opened as yet.
Jackson and Miss Emma Margrieter.
cil was held last evening at which the
Mr. Jackson is in tbe employ of the
insyor and all the councilmen, except
flodel
; Moore Bros. They will make their
Woodbury, wore present.
; home in Klamath Falls.
The regular bills were allowed and
E. J. Leatham has on exhibition
ordered paid. Sidewalks were ordered on
Washington street and Ewauna Boule B. St. (ieo. Bishop's window a handi '
Boys
some model of a Howe truss railroad '
vard. and on Sixth street from block 38
1 to block 83 and on Fourth between bridge. It is built to a half inch scale i
II. Snowgoose, of Keno, has just re
. Walnut and Klamath avenue. The |>e- and has an Hit-foot span with one span
ceived from his boys, Dan and John, a
' titien for a light at the corner of High of trestle work. It is constructed on
trestles on concrete piers, and is a neat map and pictures of Rawhide, Nevada,
and Juniper streets was granted.
a new mining camp. The boys are in
The proposition for selling tbe engine piece of work. The joints are scarcely
terested in several rich ilaims in this
discernible,
while
th«
model
itself
is
belonging to the city came up for dis
, camp.
The first picture shows the
wonderfully
firm
and
strong.
The
cussion. The mayor was authorised to
camp with only a few tents; another
crosslieama
are
composed
of
three
pieces
sell same fur not less than $1600.
where the mines are sacking and ship
The street grade on Pine street be of timlier to give it add» I strength
ping; another the first six-horse stage
tween Third and Fifth, which was re while the supporting rols vary in size
into Rawhide, and another an 18-horre
n
order
to
give
the
greatest
strength
cently established at the request of the
team hauling lumber to the mining
property owner«, not meeting with their where needed. Mr. f.eatham has had
I camp. Then we see the long map
much
experience
as
a
bridge-builder
in
approval, the city engineer advised that
many countries of the world, and re in six sections, giving a birdseye
I it lie lowered as the property owners cently has I wen in the employ of the view of Rawhide, the city of tents.
were about the only onea affected.
Reclamation Service where his work Main street and Rawhide avenue,besides
An ordinance, providing for the regu was highly appreciated.
wooden buildings, are lined with hun
lation of saloons, which has lieen in
dreds ol tents. Jno. Snowgoose left Keno
preparation some time, waa introduced
Home
a year ago and went to Walker River In
by councilman Bennett, of the Third
dian Reservation in Nevada, whore his
wa-rl. After reading action waa deferred 1 Adjoining the new fairground; two and
brother, Dan, bad proceeded him a short
one-half acres or more, best of garden
until next meeting.
land. Two and one-half acres is equal time before. Ha went there to work at
------Call and Inspect this Fine Line------
to twenty lota 60x136 feet. If times are $6 a day and after working a few month«,
Worthy
good or bad you can always make a he concluded to do tome prospecting for
good living from it.
Price reasonable, himself, and in one day found eight pay
Our Responsibility Ends When You are Satisfied
J. D. llamaker, of Bonanza, was in and terms easy. See
I ■chutes on what is now known as the
I..
JACOBS,
Owner.
the city Monday on liie way to Cali
Baloon claim. The ore assayed from
fornia for a two weeks' visit. Mr. Ham-
$100 to $10,000a ton.
aker brought down a petition which had
of
Dan Snowgoose is running an assay
tieen subscribed to by Bonanzaites tor
the purpose of buying a lot in Klamath
office and when the boys found how rich
Falla on which to build a home for Mrs.
Words fail me in my endeavor to ade tbe ore was, they concluded to keep it a
Annie Jardine, widow of tbe late J. H. quately express niy gratitude for tbe
Jardine. The money raised, which generous assistance rendered me during secret, but it leaked out. In tbe mean
amounted to $130 60, has been deposited the recent fire, in arousing us from our time John located a camp by the Baloon
with the Klatuatli County Bank.
lieds and removing and returning the claim and called it Rawhide. lua short
Friends in thia citv will continue the goods to my store. I wish to especially time miners and capitalists began to
subscription. Besides money the busi thank W. If. Dulaney for hie energy anil come in to camp by tbe score.
Successor to R. fl. Boiler
ness men have offered to furnish lumber, clear-headed supervision; also the tire
As
the
boys
did
not
have
tbe
money
nails, doors, windows and other ma department, to whose energy, prompt
E. W. GILLETTE & CO.
terials for building, and many of the ness and hard work 1 owe the saving of to open up the mine, they anon lot out
eleven leases, and tbe work of sacking ,
carpenters agree to donate work.
my building.
R. I. HAMMOND.
BELLS
ROBBERY
AND FIRE
By Incendiary
Good
for
Elections of
Musical
Recital
—
Jackson-Margrieter
City Council
Bridge
Lucky Keno
Just Received
Big shipment of Dining Tables,
Rockers, Chairs, etc.
Buy a
A
Object
Card
Thanks
Klamath Tails
Furniture Bouse