HTOALD AND NFWS, Klamath fat, Oregoe " Monday, December a), 191
Ask Not for Whom the Bell Tolls
EPSON IN WASHINGTON . . .
" Vocational Program
" :To Cut Unemployment
Flash
; r- The weekly Oregon Voter points up in
Its biennial Tax Review edition that Oregon
pays well over a third of personal income in
direct levies for government. It also warns
' that this is a situation that must be watched
closely because it indicates more services
are being offered than the people of the
state can afford to pay.
These include police protection, high
ways and traffic safety, prisons, .hospitals,
care of the mentally disturbed, the criminal
ly insane, public welfare, higher education
facilities, regulations protecting the public
. against excesses of the trades and profes
sions, fraudulent schemes to attract inves
tors, maintaining a watchful eye on insur
ance companies and banks, assistance in
case of disaster, or war, and numerous other
services..
These, points out the Oregon Voter, are
not to be confused with local government
- services given by counties, cities and service
districts (like fire, water and sewer, etc.)
: which provide fire and police protection,
sewage systems, parks, streets, local traffic
regulations, zoning to protect real estate in-
: vestors, building restrictions, welfare facili
ties, elementary and secondary education.
People must realize that much of gov
ernment service is an administrative respon
sibility of those etected to operate local and
state government. Some, however, are voted
by the people who desire specific services
but often do not provide the money to carry
on these services. The.. only recourse has
been new taxes.
It must be remembered too, that since
government has nothing to give the people
except what it first gets from the people,
: we have taxes. ''
; ' "In Oregon, property taxes are high
.' to the point of hurting; income taxes in Ore
'; gon are still among the highest levied by all
states.
"Thla li why fhera it a growing aceept
j ance for a talea tax which reaches practi
s cally all of the people, or for a small net
receipts tax on all earned income which
would be a tax after the cost of earning
' the Income has been deducted; or a gross
income tax on all Individuals and business
that would be levied before the cost of
WILLIAM" S: WHITE
No White
By WILLIAM S. WHITE
WASHINGTON - One of the
most difficult decisions lie lias
nude is In back of President
Joraison's arrangement to meet
Ludwig Erhard, the West Ger
man chancellor, after Christ
mas in his ranch home in Tex
as rather than here in Washing
ton. In a sentence. Hie decision,
as the President has privately
put it. is this: "I cannot and I
will not become a prisoner of
the White House."
Every time Mr. Johnson has
left the total hut at times
Almanac
By United Press International
Today is -Monday, Dec. 30. the
anth day of 1963 with one In
follow.
' ;.The moon b full.
The evening stars are Jupiter,
Saturn and Venus.
On this day in history:
; hi IBM, tlie United States inn
chased tlie land south of the
Clla River in southern Ariiona
and New Mexico. Tlie deal was
biter known m Hie "Cadsoe"
dLrohase.
J In 1885, British poet Halyard
&pllng was born.
Iln 3903, fire broke out in the
Iroquois Theater in Chicago kill
- iog more than 630 persons.
I . In iI9(7, King Michael of ltd
; mania abdicated, charging he
; M forced out by local Com
i KftaiMa lidni by the Russian.
j ' A thought for the day The
. American writer Ernest Hem
I tog eaid: "Prose is archl
L lecture, not interior decoration,
"od Ilia baroijue is over."
Warning Signal
House Prisoner I
somewhat cloying (security nf
the great mansion here there
there has been a flow of an
xious messages from all over
(he country: "Don't let the
President take any chances"
. . . "Please, Mr. President,
just stay In (he White House,"
and so on.
Sliock from the assassination
of President Kennedy, is still
fresh in the nation's memory.
Concern about Air. Johnson's
air travel in winter weather is
anollier factor. So. too, is the
circumstance that there is now
no Vice President, though (lio
President has brought fully into
all high national affairs the
man who by law is next in line
of succession. Siienkor of (he
House John W. McCormack of
Massachusetts.
Air. Johnson understands,
sympathizes with and appreci
ates public concern for his safe
ty, and he will take all pro)er
precautions suggested by (lie
secret service. He feels, how
ever, that no President can ex
pect the country to come to
him In ell circumstances; that
at times he must go out to Uie .
country, as t times he must'
visit with people outside Wash
ington to discharge fully his
responsibilities.
President Kennedy took a sim
ilar attitude, as did both Presi
dents Truman and Eisenhower.
And with special reference lo
the Texas visit of Chancellor
Krhard there was yet anotlier
strong consideration. This was
that Mr. Johnson as Vice Presi
dent had notably entertained
and most uselully negotiated
with Mr. Krhard's predeces
sor. Chancellor Konrad Adenau
er, at the ranch.
The Germans niaile n clear
some time ago that Mr. Er
hard would be most apprecia
tive of an opportunity to meet
President Johnson at the same
place and in tlie same rclased
auil intimate atmosphere an
producing that income is deducted or a
profit taken." .
All of the foregoing is considered with
out reference to federal income tax and ex
cise tax which actually take more than state
income and property taxes.
It is interesting to note that personal in
come earned by Oregon residents in 1963
will total about $4-6 billion; that the federal
government will take about $644 million out
of the state in income taxes; that the state
government takes about $100 million a year
in personal income taxes and more than $21
million in excise taxes and that over $1 bil
lion is used to make up the dedicated funds
for special services. Local government units
counties, cities, schools and service dis
tricts will this year receive more than $240
million in local property taxes.
What it all amounts to is that of Ore
gon's $4.6 billion of personal income, ac
cording to the Oregon Voter, $1,723,000,000
goes for taxes or about 37.3 per cpnt.
The figures show that in 1946 Oregon
Income Taxes were $22,867,942. In 1963 they
are $121,834,826.
Corporation Excise Taxes have risen
from $17,016,962 in 1050 to $21,896,909 in
1903.
Individual Income Taxes have expe
rienced a boost from $20,459,533 in 1950 to
$99,937,917 in 1963.
t .This is somewhat reflected in state aid
to public schools. In 1933 schools received
$3,933,109. In 1963 the figure is $130,125,
568. The school population has grown from
265,500 in 1940 to 565,885 in 1962. The cost
per pupil certainly has climbed!
There's one heartening thing about all
of this:
Taxes in Klamath County for this year
have shown an 8.5 per cent decrease and the
per capita property tax $104 is one of the
lowest in the state. Only Josephine ($.89) and.
Morrow ($92) are less. At the same time
school levies have decreased $462,618 from
the total of 1961-62.
Statistics and figures can be confusing
but they all add up to what the Oregon Voter
notes: Taxes aro rising steadily and the
warning signals are flashing.
c
atmosphere never quite attain
able, given the best effort in
the world, in state visits in the
White House itself.
Too. Uiere is tlie fact that
Mr. Johnson loves the old wood
and limestone ranch house
built in his grandfather's time,
and at length restored by the
President himself as he loves
no other place.
In tlie area, cousins, sisters,
other relatives, abound. And
these and old neighbors ranch
ers, wranglers, foremen, local
laboring men and businessmen
and bankers the President
has always visited at or near
Christmastime when he could.
Too, tliere is a special compan
ion. Judge A. W. Moursunil.
with whom the President likes
lo get in at least one deer hunt
a year.
The LBJ Ranch is what Hyde
Park was to Franklin Roose
velt, what Independence. Mo ,
'was to Harry Truman. It is
home. And it permits President
Johnson a freedom of move
ment rides through tlie mes
qtiite on a bay horse, walks
alone through the hills along
: the Prdernalos River which do
a good deal to restore his spirit
and to ease, not the work Itself,
which always continues at tlie
ranch about as here, hut the
pressure of (lie work.
. Finally and fundamentally
and beyond all this, however.
Mr. Johnson simply feels that
lie cannot do all tliat lie must
do if he Is to restrict himself
unduly to tlie confined locale of
the White House itself.
He is deeply aware thiit a
a( country lies out beyond the
White House, beyond Washing
Ion, beyond tlie Eastern S e it
board. And be wishes and ful
ly intends (o keep in touch wuh
it all. never in travel for trav
el's sake but in communication
. ; for the sake of sensing national
,..L ni!ls Jind national hopes and
ipw .... -iii,
.-.:tt'r-f.rV . ii in ,a.y w jjTZy .Ul .'AT' .. 1 -J .U-Si
IN WASHINGTON .
By ItALPII de TOLKDANO
At every turn, tliere are in
dications that tile present Ad
ministration! will continue to
press for the steady reduction
of U.S. military power. Tlie
Strategic Air Command has al
ready been marked for t h e
scrap heap, the Navy's Polar
is attack carrier strength is be
ing whittled down, and now a
substantial number of military
installations aro being closed
down.
None of this has come about
with the agreement uf LhcAJr
Force, the Navy, or the Army.
Men trained in the strategy and
logistics of modern warfare are
being ignored or told to stand
in the corner. The Intelligence
community is also being given
the brush-off by tlio.se bright
young academics known as the
"whiz kids."
For years, U.S. military ex
perts have known that the So
viet Union has some 150 divi
sions. Though only 60 of them
are full strength, there is
enough trained manpower and
radio to put the entire Red
Army into the field within 30
days. Against this, the U.S. has
16 divisions.
The new team at the Penta
gonnew, that is, since ltitU
brushes all of this aside. They
now claim that whereas the so
called "division slice" of the So
viet army is ROOD men, the
U.S. "division slice" comes to
about 50.000 men. They say that
Soviet mobilization will take six
months.
Where our generals, basing
tlieir estimates on solid Intelli
gence, have always said that a
Soviet division matches up fair
ly evenly with a U.S. division,
with ours somewhat weaker in
fire power, the "whiz, kids" ar
gue that any U.S. soldier can
lick two Russians. In other
words, the ratio of strength in
comparing the divisions of the
U.S.and tlie Soviet Union is 1:2.
What is happening, therefore.
Is that the civilian team is
trimming our military might to
fit Us new theories. Tlie three
service secretaries, following
the bidding of Mr. McNamara
and his whizzers, are commit
ted to the position that a sub
stantially reduced military ea
pahility will not endanger Amer
ica's defensive posture.
It should be noted here thai
tlie balance between Fast and
West can be reckoned onlv bv
comparing NATO and the War
saw Pact powers. Tlie NATO al
liance has 96 divisions. The
Communist bloc has ITS divi
sions. Tlie Soviets show no sign
of demobilizing. Rut tlie NATO
nations are following our mili
tary lead and Secretary McNa
mara has predicted a "decline"
in the U S. defense budget.
There is no concern among
QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
V What Is the most south
erly t'.S. ullonal forest?
A Ocala National Forest, also
known as "Big Scrub," in
north-eemral Fla, .
More Cuts For Military
Pentagon civilians over this
method of defense via statis
tics. The computer to them is
mightier than the sword so
they have equalized U.S. and
Soviet ground forces by simply
eliminating some 115 Red Army
divisions from their tally. And
they argue that a Communist
bloc with only 60 divisions can
not stand up to our convention
al forces or ever attack t h e
West. .
This is a reassuring thought if
it is true that 115 Red Army
divisions have suddenly been
plowed under by Nikita Khru
shchev. It is a nightmare if the
"whiz kids" have made a sta
tistical miscalculation. The en
STRICTLY
PERSONAL.
Hy SYDNEY .1. HARRIS
A highly successful advertis
ing man. in his recent autobio
graphy, remarks that the two
words attracting the most at
tention and Uie biggest pull in
any adverisement are "Free!"
and "New!"
I see no reason lo doubt his
statement, which is based on
long and profitable experience.
What interests me, however, is
that these arc not necessarily
the most potent words for ad
vertising in other countries and
different cultures. What wo
think of as "human nature" is
often a matter of longitude and
latitude.
When a famous American
gum company, for instance, ad
vertises its chewing gum in
England, the ads (which I have
seen) take an entirely different
lack from those in America.
They appeal to British decor
um, good taste, and the deep
ly - rooted fear of giving of
fense. "Refreshing" may be the
word (o American chewers. but
"respectable" is the keynote of
the British campaign.
likewise, when an American
razor company displayed i t s
product shaving the fuzz off a
ivach to German consumers, it
was greeted with a mixture of
laughter, derision and puzzle
ment. The literal Germans sun
ply never have the slightest de
sire (o shave the fuzz off a
peach.
' New" may le tlie operative
word in American advertising,
hut most European rations still
prefer the old, the trustwxirthy,
the reliable, and look upon
highly - touted innovations with
groat dubiety. They want to
know w bother a product ill do
lis ) well for a kmg lime, not
whether it was given birth e
tenlay by some feverish brain
ratvr fix- fast returns.
Incidentally, the beat adver
tising campaign in America in
tlie last 10 years, (or the
Volkswagen automobile, shrewd
ly adapted these European ston
1"N.,rds to American eed. (Hi
tire U.S. defense strategy is
being reshaped to fit tlie Mc
Namara thesis and if he is
wrong the United States can
find itself fatally feeble when
next Comrade Khrushchev goes
adventuring.
Beyond this danger and the
damage to military morale
which stems from Mr. McNa
mara's cavalier treatment of
the Joint Chiefs tliere is an
equally serious diplomatic dan
ger. The other members of the
NATO alliance have their own
Intelligence services.. E veil .
I hough they would like to spend
less on arms, they know that
the "whiz kids" are woefully
wrong.
indicated that even in our own
country maay people are less
beguiled by novelty and chrome
than by rugged honesty, depen
dability, and common sense.
I also have some lingering
doubts about tlie puissance of
the word "Tree!" in so many
ads. My 8-year-old boy will
tear out any such coupon and
send it away, and I suspect
that millions like him do the
same which gives tlie adver
tiser a good statistical record,
but the purchasing power of 8-year-olds
is scarcely o v e r
whelming. On balance, however, tliere is
no question that "Free!" and
"New!" have done (heir work
well in the recent past. As a na
tion, we are prone to take de
liglit in novelty for its own
sake, and we still retain a na
ive faith in samething for noth
ing. But in the long run, we
must ask whether these appeals
to greed and curiosity do not
defeat themselves.
v
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON (NEA - New
vocational education legislation
approved by both Senate and
House will greatly expand
America's job-training efforts to
hold down unemployment.
Final approval this late in tlie
congressional session raises
some doubts that supplemental
appropriations can be passed to
start the new programs immedi
ately. Also, it will take tlie states
some time to plan expansion of
tlieir vocational training s y s
tems 6o as to qualify for $731
million or more in new grants
which the federal government
will offer on a matching fund
basis over the next four years.
The full impact won't be felt
before the 1964-65 school year.
The expanded vocational edu
cation program is aimed pri
marily at training many of the
26 million youngsters expected
to enter the labor market dur
ing the 1960s. It also aims to
keep them from becoming
school dropouts and joining the
ranks of the unskilled unem
ployed. There are now an estimated
3.000 to 4,000 vocational schools
offering varied courses under
state and local public school sys
tem supervision. This year they
have an enrollment of approxi
mately four million students.
This is about seven per cent
of total secondary school enroll
ment. About half of these voca
tional students are adult work
ers updating their training to
take better jobs. The other half
are full-time secondary school
students preparing for their
first job.
State and local governments
now overmatch by $4.50 to $1
federal contributions of $57 mil
lion to vocational education pro
grams authorized by existing
legislation.
' At the end of (he fourth year
for which the new programs are
being-authorized, it is expected
that, the financing and the num
ber xif students will more than
double. Tlie number of schools
may not double, as the trend
WASHINGTON REPORT
Ban-The-Bomb
Visits President
By FL'LTON LEWIS JR.
WASHINGTON A controver
sial ban-the-bomb buff won a
private audience with President
Lyndon Johnson the other day,
much to the consternation nf
Pentagon top brass.
He is Seymour Mclman, a 45-year-old
Columbia professor,
brought to tlie White House by
James Farmer, head of the Con
gress of Racial Equality.
Melman talked defense with
Johnson and four top-ranking
aides, but White House spokes
men will not reveal details of
the conversation.
Melman's record is found in
Congressional files. He has been
active in the National Commit
tee for a Sane Nuclear Policy.
According to the far left Nation
al Guardian, Mclman journeyed
to Oslo, Norway for a ban-the-bomb
conference in 1961.
The Columbia professor has
publicly called for a 26 billion
dollar cut in the annual defense
budget. Pentagon generals say
this would guarantee Commu
nist victory in the arms race
and would put (his country at
A,
is toward larger, consolidated
training schools.
Expansion is expected fn all
of these areas:
The 15 to 19-year-old stu
dents in high schools.
Courses for students of less
than average ability who might
become dropouts if not given
vocational training.
High school graduates and
dropouts age 19 to 25.
Unemployed workers not
qualified for training under the
Manpower Development pro
grams to teach new skills.
Evening classes for the un
employed to raise skills.
Vocational courses in junior
and community colleges.
Technical schools for met
ropolitan slum areas.
Industrial education centers
tied in with state development
plans like those in North and
South Carolina.
For the first time, authoriza
tion would be given to build and
operate vocational centers
where students from under-developed
areas, needing close
personal supervision, can be
trained in residence, in short,
vocational boarding schools.
The legislation will permit
transfer of federal funds from
one of these programs to anoth
er to meet different labor mar
ket demands in states with dif
ferent economies.
There is no apparent shortage
of teachers to meet this expan
sion in vocational education,
says Dr. Walter W. Arnold of
the U.S. Office of Education.
Active recruiting has been go
ing on in industry. Employers
are cooperating in furnishing
teachers.
Retired armed service techni
cians make excellent teachers.
Older men leaving production
like part-time work as teachers,
and the states are training oth
ers. While President Kennedy's
1961 Panel of Consultants on Vo
cational Education filed a com
prehensive report on the subject
a year ago, the idea to broaden
U.S. programs in this field came
from House Republicans this
year. Their primary purpose
was to close gaps in existing
Manpower Training and Devel
opment Act programs.
Buff
the mercy of Soviet button-push-ers.
Mclman has been critical of
U.S. diplomatic support for anti-Communist
allies throughout
the world. In October, 1958, he
joined other leftist intellectuals
lo issue a call for an "entirely
new foreign policy."
The National Guardian quot
ed Melman as saying that U.S.
policy toward Nationalist China
and Lebanon, both anti-Communist
states, must be altered. A
committee of Congress has clas
sified the National Guardian as
"a virtual official propaganda
arm of Soviet Russia."
In April of 1962. Melman
signed an appeal for clemency
for Junius Scales, the North
Carolina Communist leader who
had been convicted of violating
the Smith Act. Scales was sub
sequently freed hy President
Kennedy.
A Christmas present (or back
ers of Senator Barry Goldwa
tcr: Mr. Conservative will soon an
nounce his candidacy for the
Presidency. Intimates say Gold
watcr has made up his mind tn
challenge President Lyndon
Johnson for the nation's high
est office.
He has not yet deeded on the
date. Some advisers have urged
him to announce Dec. 29; others
have advised a January date.
Several factors have reported
ly convinced Goldwater to make
the race. He feels President
Johnson is pushing hard the
accommodationist policies of the
Kennedy Administration.
He thinks the Johnson "im
a;e" w ill shift soon from mod
erate Westerner lo liberal ideol
ogist. He thinks Johnson will
antagonize conservatives and
moderates alike when he cracks
the legislative whip next year
Goldwater feels he cannot let
down his hackers. He leels ,.
Mont. ton. of victory in the
V- Hampshire primary He
think, he ran cn tn s.mYtan
nsrn uh a substantial number
of delegates and profoundly in
fluence the Republican poture
Kve If hi doss not get the
G.leVav j, f eld
oi,..N 1 .m, bM
fel'r kam a itr. J
4