PAGE-6A
HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath Fallf. Oregon
Wednesday, October IS, 1963
Harvest Moon
WILLIAM S. WHITE . .
foreign Policy Strife
i
Dropout
The high school "dropout" problem is
arousing national concern among educa
tors, business people, government officials,
just about everyone who has an awareness of
the needs of this fast-changing age. President
Kennedy has spoken of it, and proposed that a
special study be made. It is a problem which
is most acute in the major population centers,
where reports say that dropouts average an
astonishing and ominous 25 per cent, but it
is certainly not confined to them. The smaller
communities and the rural areas are faced
with it too.
; There have always been substantial num
bers of young people who failed to complete
high school, so, in that sense, the problem
is not new. But, in a simpler age, those with
very limited educations had far more oppor
tunity to find jobs and earn at least a margi
nal living. Nowadays young people who leave
school before gaining special skills too fre
quently become not only unemployed, but un
employable. They, with wives and children,
drift onto the relief and public welfare rolls.
Various solutions to the problem are
being tried or proposed. They range a wide
gamut, from outright pleas to young people
to complete their high school education to dc
mnnds that the government step in and do
Something drastic about it. And various locali
ties, to their honor, are taking positive steps
pli their own hook. One of these is Bedford,
dhio, which, some years ago, instituted an in
tensified industrial-education-vocational pro
gram in its schools with the cooperation of
local industry and the local Rotary Club.
The basic objectives of the Bedford plan
were made clear at the start. One was to cre
ate an incentive for the students to learn.
Another was to create a goal for the students
to reach, and to impress upon them that su
IN WASHINGTON .
REA No Longer
lly RALPH de TOLEDANO
One of the prime laws of pol
itics seems to be that all bu
reaucracies are self-perpetuating
and bureaucratic agencies
are immortal. Since the days
when the New Deal sanctified
the alphabet and gave us ono
now agency after another, the
Congress lias struggled to re
peal this law. But it has been,
in almost every case, a losing
battle.
Now Congress is trying again.
Its target or rather; the target
of those legislators who take
their duties seriously Is the Ru
ral Electrification Administra
tion, which has long ceased to
serve the need for which it was
created but grows larger and
more expensive eoch year.
I have written about REA be
fore, if only because it is such
an obvious example of bureau
cratic Immortality. Hut now the
American Enterprise Institute,
a puhlic policy research organ
ization, has issued an inform
ative pamphlet which states the
facts and allows the reader to
come to his own conclusions.
The story it tolls should be
of some concern to those who
sco the national debt rise like
yeast in a cake.
The ItEA, it will be recalled,
was set up by Executive Or
der of Franklin D. Roosevelt
in 1935. Its basic purpose was to
create work for the unemployed
r-still unreseued by the New
Deal. Its announced mission
vas to bring electrification to
fie 89 per cent of America's
farms not receiving central-station
electrical service.
Few would quarrel with this
aim. Electrification was need
ed, and since many of the
farms were In areas which the
power companies could not
roach without heavy loss, the
government was offering to step
in. But what has happened
since then?
Twenty eight y e a r s and $4 6
billion later, the REA it still in
business. H has branched out
into nil kinds of new fields,
sending pino million on a tele
phone loan program . alone.
Though today more than 98 per
cent of all American farms
bave central station electric
power, REA is still clamoring
for more of Uie taxpayers' mon
ey.. Some of it hat gone to fi
nance ski slopes at winter
sports retort. ' ' , ) t
The farmer was to be the re-
clplent of REA'i bounty. But
Problem Complex
perior accomplishment would ease their path
into the business world. Still another was to
stress the excellent facilities of the local high
school, and to improve those facilities with
contributions of discarded material, equip
ment and tools from industry. The primary
goal was to see to it that the student would
have the foundation needed to assure him of
an interesting and worthwhile job.
Industry has responded enthusiastically
more than a million dollars worth of equip
ment has been contributed. While the program
places emphasis on the machine shop, cours
es are available in other fields architec
ture, drafting, graphic arts, and so on. Plans
are underway for expansion into the mechani
cal and electronic areas. Whatever the par
ticular course, students enjoy it simply be
cause they see how the subjects taught have
real meaning and purposefulness. Superior
performance receives recognition at an an
nual banquet when awards are presented and
thus a spirit of competition among the learn
ers is maintained.
The proof of the pudding, of course, is
in the eating. So, as a practical matter, it's
fair to ask just how well the plan has worked.
The answer is reassuring accomplishment
records of the young people have been ex
cellent. And requests from industry for grad
uates have actually exceeded the number grad
uating. Bedford, in sum, faced up to the dropout
problem years ago and tackled it . without
waiting for the slate or federal government
or any other agency or institution to do the
needed job for it. The result, it seems, has
been maximum result at minimum cost. Other
communities, one can safely say, could profi
tably take a leaf from Bedford's book.
with (he agency running out of
farmers, it has begun financing
tax - favored cooperatives which
now sell their power to rural
non-farm people, suburbanites,
and industrial and commercial
enterprises. Three out of four
new customers buying power
arc getting it from REA-fi-nauced
systems. According to
the law which set up REA, it
was to concern itself solely with
the distribution of electricity.
Now it is sprawling into tile
field of generation and transmis
sion, to which 60 per cent
of its loans go. Potential power
users can now go to RKA
for loans to set themselves up
in business, if they buy REA
power.
REA borrows money from the
Treasury at about half what it
lends it out to those power co
oiorativcs and businesses .seek
ing capitalisation. The cooper
atives arc exempt from all Fed
eral and most slate taxes
which means that the Treasury
is tw ice deprived yet they are
not as efficient as the private
poucr companies. In fact, any
system of accounting shows that
their real costs are higher than
Uiose of private companies. Sub
" think I'm going to fov iMviillgtUng
tht trndtruiorldl"
Needed
sidies to REA-created coopera
tives have not helped them to do
any better than an average
yield of 1.8 per cent on total as
sets. There is, however, more than
a litllc method of REA's
madness. For as it expands and
competes with private power
which it can do only because
of tax exemption and direct
government subsidies it begins
to lay the groundwork for that
dream of Uie socialists. They
would like to sec all the nation's
power companies the vast com
plex which gives this country
more electric power than any
other nation in the world
owned and controlled by the
Federal government.
From time to time, there is
talk of a nationwide "power
grid" run from Washington. It
sounds very pretty on paicr.
Rut it is one more step down
the road to socialism. REA is
part of this dream of tlic bureau
crats. Congress has tried to do
what it can but there is always
pressure from the Administra
tion and from the bureaucrats to
give ItEA a free hand. This
year's try w ill undoubtedly sill
ier tlie same fate
t
SOFT
WITH
m
IV - rVV
&41
MUCE
WASHINGTON REPORT . .
Russia
Lend-Lease
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
WASHINGTON - Pay up or
shut up.
That is the reply of Congress
man John Pillion to Soviet trad
ers w ho ask for increased com
merce with the United States.
The New York Republican,
one of Congress' best experts on
tlic Communist threat, points
out that the Soviet Union owes
Uncle Sam almost $3 billion.
The deot dates back to World
War II when this country
shipped large quantities of lend
lease material to the Soviet
Union. The goods, both military
and civilian, came to more than
$11 billion and they continued
to flow east at the war's end.
In a burst of generosity, the
U.S. wrote off all military items
delivered during the war except
naval vessels. We announced,
too, that virtually all consumer
goods were considered gifts.
Discussions on settling the
lend-lease debt took place in
1947 and 1948 at which time the
1 United States fixed the bill at
$2.6 billion. In order to expe
dite settlement, the bill was cut
in half to $1.3 billion and then
later (o $800 million. The Sovi
ets gallantly offered $170 mil
lion. In 1951, Uioy said they
would pay $240 million, and in
1 5(52 raised the figure to $300
million.
Lend-lease negotiations, dor
mant since 1952. were revived
after the Camp David meeting
of President Eisenhower and
Premier Klirushchev in 1959. At
that conference. Khrushchev
reportedly assured Ike that the
lend-lease debt would be quickly
cleared up.
Negotiations began in Wash
ington on Jan. 11, 1960, with Su
viet Ambassador Mikhail Men
shikov leading the Red team
and Charles Bohlen heading up
the U.S. representatives. Within
two weeks, however, it was ob
vious the Soviets had no inten
tion of serious talk. They de
manded a trade agreement and
long-term credits. Bohlen said
tlie lend-lease debt would have
to be taken care of first. The
Russians said no. The talks
broke off Jan. 27 and have not
yet resumed.
Hep. Pillion says It is incon
ceivable to him that the State
Department can push a wheat
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
Perhaps tlie two most million
tial men ol the 20th Century in
terms of changing the moral
and intellectual climate of our
limes have boon Einstein and
Freud.
Yet. by the paradox that al
ways accompanies tlieir kind of
greatness, neither of them is
really understood, not only by
tlie masses, but even bv tlie ma
jority of educated people.
Of course, tlieir technical thc
ories need not lie understood;
wlwt 1 mean is that not cen
their basic premises are
grasped accurately and clear
ly. To most people, Einstein
said, "Evcrytliing is relative."
and Freud said. "Ever) thins is
sex."
Both these statements are to
tally false, and would have
horrified the men to whom they
are ascribed, lvavuig Eiiislcm
aside for the moment, kt us
consider the widespivad distor
tion of Freud's view into "Ev
erything is x."
Some psychiatrists in tlie past
believed this. Tliey w?re known
as "pan-sc.ualists." Freud
fought these men vigorously and
relentlessly. But at tlie same
v.-. ,
LIME
U.S.
mm
mm
SHANKS, 1UFFALO EVENING NEWS
Still Owes
Outlay
deal while the Soviets have
made no attempt to pay an out
standing debt. This policy, Pil
lion says, will strengthen the
Soviet political position and bol
ster its sagging economy. The
sale can "not appreciably aid
the critical balance of payments
deficit because the Soviets will
not pay in gold. Russian gold is
reserved for the purchase of Eu
ropean industrial machinery and
raw materials from the British
Commonwealth."
Note: Sen. Bill Proxmire, Wis
c o n s i n Democrat, says we
should insist that the USSR tear
down the Berlin wall or agree
to on-site nuclear inspection be
fore it can buy U.S. wheat.
Rep. Steve Dcrounian, New
York Republican, takes a simi
lar position. He says tlie Rus
sians must remove their troops
and military hardware from
Cuba before approval for a
wheat sale is given.
There arc more than 1.000
aged and crippled persons who
toil 10 hours a, day building
roads in the town of Carnauba
in northeastern Brazil. For this
they receive 45 cents a week
plus small quantities of beans,
rice and flour.
The food used as partial
wages was given to the Brazili
an government by the American
people under Public Law 480
which set up the Food for Peace
program.
The above information was re
laved to Rep. Gene Snyder by a
missionary stationed in Brazil.
He enclosed an article from one
of Brazil's leading publications
which said that the U.S. food
was In "deplorable condition,
sonic being rotten and all look
ing bad."
Pictures accompanying t h e
article show the food packages
arc clearly marked: "Not to be
sold or exchanged."
Rep. Snyder asked officials of
the Agency for International De
velopment for comment and re
ceived a long, rambling, evasive
letter that he calls "completely
unsatisfactory."
The cruel and inhuman distri
bution of rotten foodstuffs to
starving Brazilians, Snyder
says, is another indication that
the Ugly American is still at
work.
- . YTlSi
STRICTLY
PERSONAL.
time, he was fighting conven
tional society, and forcing us to
recognize that many kinds of
"non-sexual" behavior liad deep
sexual roots.
What we have forgotten if
we have ever knon it is that
Freud also demonstrated the
opposite: that, in neurosis, what
often seems to be sexual con- 1
duct is not really sexual at all.
Take, for example, patterns of
adultery and promiscuity. These
certainly seem to be motivated
by sexual drives. Yet. in many
if not most cases, the sexual
"acting out" is merely a symp
tom of other discontents and dis
sal isfacUons.
Of tlie people who behave this
way, relatively few are driven
by genuinely sexual needs. Tlwy
are unhappy In other ways. Uiey
are enslaved by infantile fears
or conflicts never resolved with
in themselves and tlieir sexual
misconduct is simply a symp
tom of their deeply unconscious
problems.
Freud showed Uiat many
things we do not commonly
Hunk of as "sexual" are sexual
in origin, but he also demon
strated the contrary that
"pseudo-sexuality" is one of Uie
By WILLIAM S. WHITE
WASHINGTON Friction be
tween President Kennedy and
the Congressional Republicans
over foreign policy is becoming
the most serious fact of politi
cal life in 1963.
Almost certainly a widening
and progressively more embit
tered partisan dispute over the
proper conduct of the cold war
will persist into the Presidential
election year of 195. The strong
probability is rising that in this
field of issues the contest be
tween Kennedy and whoever the
Republicans may nominate will
make the Kennedy-Nixon dia
logue of .I960 look tame indeed
in retrospect.
Basically, the argument is set
tling down into two increasingly
divergent party positions. Ken
nedy is making a continuing efj
fort to reach separate accom
modations with the Soviet Union
on secondary matters the nu
clear test ban, the deal f o r
wheat in the hope that these
may foreshadow Soviet willing
ness to give some ground on
such really capital issues as
Berlin, Cuba and the like.
The Republicans, on their
side, are developing a steadily
hardening position against such
peripheral settlements with the
Russians unless and until they
have shown some genuine de
sire to make concessions on
those capital issues.
As the President's approaches
arc becoming increasingly bold
as he moves almost immedi
ately from the test-ban agree
ment to the sale of wheat to re
lieve Soviet shortages the Re
publicans are becoming in
creasingly tough in their oppo
sition. For example, the country now
hears a louder and more deter
mined Republican outcry
against the wheat deal than
against the earlier test-ban pact.
This is in spite of the fact that
the nuclear accommodation pos
es infinitely the greater danger
of Soviet trickery and notwith
standing the fact that the Re
publicans have far closer ties
with the presumed economic
beneficiary of that sale, the
Farm Belt, than do the Demo
crats. Though there has been a scat
tered G.O.P. rank-and-file at
;: WASHINGTON CALLING
'.& II
Bv MARQUIS CIIILDS
WASHINGTON With the Cu
ban economy already strained
almost to the breaking point,
Hurricane Flora has put a new
burden on the Castro regime
that could prove fatal.
This comes at a time when
relations with Moscow are em
bittered and the Communist blot
is itself under the necessity of
importing a large volume of
food for hard-won gold. As his
troubles multiply Fidel Castro
shows an increasingly sulky and
rclwllious face to all the world
with the possible exception of
Red China.
Can the Soviet Union continue
to make up the deficits that are
far more acute in the alter
math of Flora? And how long
can the regime survive without
a far greater volume of help?
These arc pressing questions as
the anniversary of the great Cu
ban confrontation of a year ago
approaches.
A careful survey by top intel
ligence authorities shows how
high the cost of the Khrushchev
adventure has been to the So
viet Union. This has been es
pecially true in shipping. In ad
dition to its own ships Moscow
has had to scrape the bottom of
the barrel to charter other ves
sels to carry cargoes to and
from Cuba.
The volume of this tonnage
has not appreciably declined in
recent mouths. But it has be
come more and more costly as
many ships have had to go in
ballast to pick up cargoes of su
gar. They have also, according
to Intelligence reports, had to
sail from Cuban ports In bal
last as tlie sugar crop failed by
a wide margin to come up to
expectations. And estimates arc
that up to half tlie current su
gar crop has been destroyed by
Hurricane Flora.
One major change In the sit
uation tlie President finds great
ly encouracing. As a result of
prime ways in which tlie dis
turbed or immature personality
tries to come to terms 'unsuc
cessfully, of course1 with its
conflicts. This is why. as he
pointed out. there is no real joy
or lasting satisfacUon in such
compulsive beliavior.
The line! tribute humanity
can pay its great men is to un
derstand (hem. Instead, they
atv venerated or condemned,
out of bli:id iKlmuation or b'.ir.d
ignorance: which is why Freud
said, "I am not a Freudian. "
tack upon this or that Kennedy
foreign policy from the begin
ning, the party leaders in Con
gress have on the whole re
mained in an essentially bipar
tisan posture until recently.
The armistice, however, is
now very clearly a thing of the
past. Senate Republican leader
Everett Dirksen of Illinois and
House Republican leader
Charles Halleck of Indiana have
joined forces in a major assault
upon President Kennedy not
simply for making Uie wheat
deal but for his whole conduct
of affairs in Latin America.
Halleck accuses the President
of having ignored the clearly ex
pressed intent of Congress
against the sale of subsidized
American farm products to
Communist nations. Dirksen as
serts that the President lias
been unduly fond of leftist-democratic
regimes in Latin Amer
ica. Kennedy's recent indication of
official hostility to military
coups against dangerously inef
fectual "liberal" r e g i m e s in
9m mm Mi
TOM
A f I
strong and persistent pressure
the volume of free world ship
ping has sharply declined. In
the first nine months of last year
750 free world ships called at
Cuban ports.
For the first nine months of
1963 the figure was 250. Of this
number 100 were of British reg
ister and most of the bal
ance were Greek and Lebanese.
Greece has now put a stop to
this trade over the angry pro
test of Greek shipowners and
while there is a dispute about
tlie constitutionality of the gov
ernment order it will stand in
any event for two years. Greek
arrivals had totalled 80 ships.
To several Western visitors
with whom he talked just be
fore and during the nuclear
test-ban negotiations Premier
Khrushchev said that all organ
ized Soviet combat units had
been withdrawn from Cuba. The
only Russian military remain
ing were training cadres and
they would leave when their
mission was completed.
Reports have persisted that
Khrushchev has privately prom
ised to complete the w ithdraw al
by a deadline of Oct. 21. This
would be announced on or before
that date, marking the anni
versary of the showdown when
the world came so close to nu
clear war. It would be on the
assumption that the training of
Cuban forces to use anti-aircraft
and other weapons had been
completed.
The Soviet action of a year ago
has quite a different look today
than it had then. In the light of
present knowledge it is seen to
have been a desperate expedi
ent to try to make up for the
nuclear superiority of Uie Unit
ed States. Intermediate - range
ballistic missiles secretly sta
tioned in Cuba were to compen
sate for the growing preponder
ance of America's long . range
Minute Men and Polaris subma
rines. A gamble of Incalculable
recklessness opened up the
gulf of nuclear annihilation.
W ith the missiles removed the
threat of Castroism remains
what it has been from the begin
ningas example and tutor to
tlie revolutionary forces of Latin
America. And it is here that the
pohtual dilemma of Washington
becomes acute, with one demo
crat regime after another
pushed over by the military, tn
e'e Sam seems to be either im
potent or privately a part to
these betravals.
Honduras and the Dominican
Republic has further stirred the
Republicans. This Republican
concern is particularly acute
and indeed understandably so
because these coups were plain
ly intended to avoid the possibil
ity that obvious weaknesses in
the old "liberal" regimes would
invite Communist takeovers.
In short, the President is more
and more alienating Congres
sional Republicans on nearly ev
ery aspect of foreign policy the
closer he comes to his cam
paign for re-election.
And the very nature of the ar
gument is, on the Republican
side, doing two things: It is
drawing the Republicans into
something they have thus far
not had a strong unity of re
sistance. And it is steadily pro
moting the prospect that their
1964 nominee will in fact be Sen.
Barry Goldwater, if only be
cause he of all the G.O.P. possi
bilities most nearly symbolizes
an all-out opposition to nearly
the whole of the Kennedy stance
in the cold war.
LITTLE, NASHVILLE TENNESSEAN
th
rma
All this is grist to the Castro
propaganda mill. Cuban exiles,
who fled when they saw that far
from believing in freedom and
independence Castro was mak
ing Cuba a satellite of Moscow,
are deeply disillusioned by these
developments. As one of the
most thoughtful of the exiled
leaders put it:
"If it comes to a choice be
tween a dictatorship of the right
and a dictatorship of the left
we shall choose the left because
at least it seems to offer some
hope of chance."
One of the few voices raised
in recent months to express con
cern about the long-range future
of a democratic Cuba was that
of Sen. James Pearson IR.,
Kan.i. He proposed that the Or
ganization of American States
go to work to prepare a blue
print for the political and eco
nomic life of a free Cuba follow
ing the fall of the dictator.
When Castro goes, tlie strug
gle will have just begun. To
fail to realize this is to insure
a tragic repetition of the tragic
past.
Almanac
By United Press International
Today is Wednesday, Oct. If.f
the 289th day of 1963 w ith 76 to
follow.
The moon is approaching Its
new phase.
The morning star is Jupiter.
The evening stars are Jupiter
and Saturn.
On this day in history:
In 1846. the first operation
with a patient under ether anes
thesia was performed at Mas
sachusetts General Hospital in
Boston.
In 1859, Abolitionist John
Broun staged a raid on Harp
er's Ferry, Vai, seizing a hotel,
arsenal, firehouse and 30 towns
people. In 1934, Chinese Communists
began their "long march" to
the northwest where they es
tablished headquarters and
planned to continue the attack
against the Nationalist forces of
Chiang Kai-shek.
A thoucht for the day The
Roman Emperor Marcus Au
rc'.ius, said: "Receive wealth or
position without arrogance, and
be ready to let it go."