PAGE-i
HERALD
The U.S. Supreme Court will get no
respite from the field of major controversy
in the 1963-64 term now beginning. New
cases involving reapportionment of state leg
islatures and Negro sit-ins in public estab
lishments will be high on the docket.
j; The reasonably well-informed layman
may ask: "Haven't those issues already been
settled by the court?"
I The answer is, only in part.
In the matter of the sit-ins, the high
court ruled last spring in a cluster of de
cisions that segregation practices which bar
Negroes from lunch counters and similar
places are unconstitutional where it can be
shown that state or city authority was used to
enforce such practices.
Left unsettled was the question of wheth
er the proprietor of a privately owned es
tablishment, acting entirely on his own, can
bay Negroes once he has declared his place
optm to the public.
Congress, of course, is right now em
broiled in debate over this very issue as it
mulls over President Kennedy's civil rights
program. One proposal would bar racial dis
crimination in such establishments.
If this feature were adopted in law, the
Supreme Court presumably would be power
On The
(The New York Times)
; On his so-called "conservation" trip, the
President seems to have been more interested
in Jthe conservation of the Democratic party
than in the conservation of America's nat
ural resources. The whole purpose of this
trip has been obscured by the President's em
phasis on political matters, as distinct from
the original hope it would be used to awaken
the public to the urgent requirements of pre
serving this nation's tangible and intangible
natural heritage.
The President and his energetic Secre
tary of the Interior, Stewart L. Udall, have
proposed and supported some excellent con
servation legislation; but what is now needed
is ihe strong follow-through that only the
President can provide. He created the oppor
tunity to do so on this very trip but that op
portunity was almost completely ignored.
Not quite, however, for Mr. Kennedy did
strike a blow the other day for one of the
most important of all conservation measures
before the present Congress, the "Wilderness
Bill" to establish a national wilderness pre
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
When an attractive young lady
of my acquaintance recently
asked mo why I had cut her
dead on the street twico in one
week, I decided 11 was again
time to write the column 1 have
written every year or two about
"street zombies" like me.
I do tltfs not merely to apolo
gize tor my own remiss behavior,
but; on behalf of Ilic thousands
like me who arc unjustly ac
cused of snubbing or ignoring
people who pass them on the
street.
In my own case, tlioro arc two
factors at work: myopia and fan
tasy. I am dreadfully nearsight
ed, and too vain or negligent to
wear glasses except when driv
ing at night; and as I walk along
I am involved in some rich an
tasy-llfo of my ow n.
I could pass and have my
nearest and dearest on Iho street
without recognition most of the
lime. First, 1 can't distinctly sec
thq face of anyone more than
50 i; feet away; and. secondly,
my; febrile littlo mind is usually
on ''another planet, In deep dia
logue with tome astral character
out of the early Edgar Klcc Bur
roughs' novels.
Never once in my llfo have I
consciously "cut" anyone, even
people 1 don't particularly care
(or, Indeed, It strikes me as rep
rehensible that anyone would
snub anyone else, when a casual
nod it so cheap and easy.
Curiously enough, if I am seat
ed somewhere ai an observer, 1
ran be a rapt people-watcher.
But when I myself am a partici
pant In the passing parade, 1 shuf
fle along totally oblivious of fry
surroundings, except for the per
il bf automobiles and children on
triycles,
tbero i a feverish Walter Wit
ty quality to my walking: I am
AND NEWS, Klamath Falls, Oregon
Judicial Hornet's Nest
fully influenced in its judgment on the mat
ter. It might even consider that the decision
had been made for it. If the measure dies,
greater interest will surround the court's rul
ing. The Supreme Court's 1962 decision in the
Tennessee reapportionment case simply made
the point that the federal courts have a right
to speak in suits involving malapportioned
legislatures on the ground that the 14th
Amendment's "equal protection of the laws"
clause guards voters against such distortions
in voting strength.
The court did not say, however, what it
regards as fair and reasonable apportionment.
It did not set standards which would enable
lower courts to say: "This plan satisfies the
requirements of equal protection, this one
does not."
In the new term the high court will hear a
number of cases from various states which go
to that critical point. Lawyers, lawmakers
and legislatures all over the nation are wait
ing to learn its ruling.
The general public will be highly atten
tive to this decision, too, as it will to the out
come of the new sit-in cases.
For the Supreme Court, plainly, it is
once more out of the swarm of bees and into
a hornet's nest.
'Conservation' Trai
servation system. This measure would safe
guard intact a relatively small amount of
scenic land that is already in public owner
ship. It has passed the Senate; and the Pres
ident's good word for it could help build up
the fire necessary to rescue it from the vested
interests that have succeeded thus far in
getting it pigeonholed in the House.
One of the few places of conservation
importance in the West that was on the Pres
ident's "Conservation Tour" itinerary is the
Oregon Dunes, a magnificent stretch of sea
shore, sand hills and forests on the Pacific
Coast. Senator Maurine Neuberger has been
valiantly carrying on her late husband's ef
forts to turn this area into a 44,000-acre nat
ural park; but, as was to be expected, private
recreational and industrial interests oppose
her bill and it faces tough going.
If the President would put as much ener
gy behind a few of these Western park pro
posals as he did behind the Cape Cod na
tional seashore, we could be more confident
in the future preservation of America's most
precious scenic resources.
STRICTLY PERSONAL
eitlier working out a complicated
bridge hand, hi which I soundly
trounce Goren, Schenkcn and all
the other world exports; or 1
am conducting the premiere of
my new symphony at Carnegie
Hall, Willi lire envious shade of
Mozart hovering over my shoul
der; or I am devising irrefutable
arguments as to why my salary
should be trebled immediately
and my mortgages lifted by a
grateful government.
None of this explanation is of
any consequence, except that the
population includes a great many
street zombies like me, who are
continually reprimanded for
'That
triu
11 Jm.
Monday, October 14, 1961
slighting their acquaintances,
when we arc actually walking
around in a daze, with impaired
vision and our mental faculties
scaled off from the world of real
ity. Please don't lake it personally.
I once passed my own moth
er and father on the street, and
was not aware of it until my
dad strode back and prodded me
f irmly between the should blades
with his umbrella. "Can't you
even say hello?" he demanded.
1 looked up and mumbled, "If I
moved tlie knight to queen 4, I
could have beaten Capablance at
Hastings."
Rat'
UTTLt NASHVILLE TENNESSIAN
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON (NEA) - The
three birthday parties planned for
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower indi
cate he is still first in war, first
in peace and first in the hearts of
his Republican countrymen.
But recent political develop
ments raise some challenges to
this last distinction.
The first celebration, Oct. 12,
two days before his real birthday,
was held in Hershey, Pa. Organi
zers of this party Roy Wilkin
son Jr., of Bellefonle, Pa., and
Admiral Lewis Strauss insist
it is strictly a social affair.
The hosts were about 400 of the
850 prominent citizens President
Eisenhower invited to his many
private little stag dinners during
his eight years in the White
House. They decided to repay his
hospitality with a dinner in his
honor, at $25 a plate, Dutch treat.
Even if it is nonpolitical or bi
partisan Jim Farley has accept
ed, for instance all Republicans
who attend are sure touches lor
GOP campaign contributions later
on.
The former president is 73 today.
He plans to spend the day quietly
with his family in Gettysburg.
But the next night he will come
to Washington for a cut-rate din
ner $75 a plate instead of the
usual $100 which is frankly a
political fund raiser for the 1964
campaigns.
GOP National Committee Chair
man William E. Miller of New
York will be principal speaker.
Sen. Hugh Scott of Pennsylvania
toastmaster. The dessert will be
cake made from Mamie's favorite
recipe, and the hope is that 1.000
or more will have it and cat it,
too, in the Sheraton Park's double
banquet rooms.
For the Eisenhower name is
still magic, and the GOP would
gladly run the general for Presi
dent again or maybe his broth
er Milton if it could.
Right now, however, the ex
prceidenl and Dr. Milton are con
centrating on the Republican Citi
By FULTON LEWIS Jit.
. WASHINGTON - The beard is
something more than a revolu
tionary symbol in Castro Cuba.
It is an economic necessity.
Razor blades sell for $5 a piece
in this workers' paradise; a car
ton of cigarettes for $10. Turkeys
are sale-priced at $1)0; and used
. shoes for $115.
Reports of a complete break
down in the Castro economy have
been brought here by refugees
who fled Cuba late last month.
Orestes Alvarez, a 22-year-old
taxi driver, regularly drove be
tween Havana and Camaguey,
400 miles to the cast. He tells of
a "catastrophic" lack of food:
"There is no food in Havana,
but tlie countryside is much worse
olf. It is frightening. You can
buy some tilings on the black
market, but they are very ex
pensive and they arc controlled
by the militia and tlie Soviet
bloc occupation troops. Russians
sell American goods, especially
cartons of cigarettes. They have
huge quantities of them and sell
(hem for $11 to $10 a carton."
The cigarettes must he smoked
in secret, for anyone caught with
them "is sent to jail."
Alvarez says the Russians do a
thriving business in U.S. raur
blades at $60 a dozen. Soviet
blades arc so terrible, he as,
that Cubans tell tlie following
joke:
A nun goes to a drug stoic
where the only razor blades he
can buy are Soviet ones. He asks
the clerk for shaving cream.
There is none. He asks the clerk
for soap with which to shave.
There is none. The clerk then
says: "When you use Russian
blades, the tears arc sufficient
lubricant."
Like many refugees, Alvarez
was interviewed in Miami by
exports of (lie Citizens Commit
tee for a Free Cuba. Another re
cent arrival queried by commit
tee interrogators was Francisco
Quitano, who says rations in Ha
vana itlic country's best supplied
city i have been severely cut.
"Tlie three-pound ration of rice
every 15 days has now boon cut
to l' pounds," he says. Beans
are available in half-pound quan
tities only twice a month, while
fruit is non-existent. A flourish
ing black market exists in ail
lltese commodities, according lo
escapees, with government au
thorities including members of
the militia, running tlie illegal
slum.
Victor Fone.-co. of Caiberien, in
tlie central Province of Las Vil
las, reported Oct. 1 that meat
and fowl can he found only on
the bUck market. "A lien costs
$15 to $20," he Miid. "while tur
EPSON IN WASHINGTON . . .
Eisenhower Faction
Seeks Party Control
zens Committee to line up inde
pendent and Democratic support
or the GOP next year.
Half a dozen Critical Issues
Council task orces are being as
sembled to prepare papers on
what Republican policy should be
in the 1964 platform.
But even before this effort can
get under way, it is being chal
lenged by the rise of Sen. Barry
Goldwater as a popular favorite
for the presidential nomination.
It is already obvious that a plat
form which satisfies Senator Gold
water isn't going to satisfy the
Eisenhowers, and vice versa. The
question is whether this presages
a fight for party dominance be
tween the Eisenhower middle-of-Ihc-roaders
and the Goldwater
keep-to-the-righters.
It would also be a fight between
the Old Guard the cx-cabinct
members and administrators of
the Eisenhower era and the
self-styled New Guard of young
Republicans who are all out for
Goldwater.
There is a third Republican
force in this coming fight, too.
This is the Republican delegation
in Congress which now makes the
working policy that counts.
From the Eisenhower wing of
the party there may well be some
questioning as to where the Con-
gressional wing gets its ideas.
After the House Republicans' fu
tile fight to tie a budget-cutting
amendment onto the administra
tion tax cut bill, business leaders
who have always given heavily to
GOP campaign funds let it be
known that, "You don't need to
expect any money from us next
year if you don't pass a tax cut
bill this year."
Also, the national opinion polls
on critical issues all seem to show
preference for Kennedy adminis
tration programs over the Repub
lican alternatives.
Some politicians discount polls
as usually supporting the party of
whomever is President. But if the
national surveys are at all accur
ate on current leading issues, their
findings are not reflected in GOP
congressional leadership policies.
WASHINGTON REPORT . . .
Shortage Threatens In
'Worker's Paradise'
keys, when they can be found,
cost over $60."
Even ice is scarce. Eduardo
Montesinos, a veteran iceman in
a plant outside Havana, says:
"What little ice is made, restrict
ed by tlie impurity of the water
and lack of ammonia, goes to the
government-owned tourist bars.
Therefore, the normal price for
100 pounds of ice ($2) has gone
up lo $B or $7 on the black mar
ket." Montesinos reports that
lines of 400 and 500 people begin
forming at 4 a.m. to buy chips of
ice for a nickel or dime.
Another exile, Luis Reyes, was
asked how Castro could feed
1.200 delegates lo the Communist-run
conference of architects
held recently in Havana. He re
plied: "The Communists took
food from government warehous
es to the hotels in m i d t o w n
Havana. Trucks full of food were
sent so the architects w o u I d
have the impression that food
was plentiful. The former Trader
Vic's at the Hilton Hotel, the
Mandarin Restaurant in Radio
Center, the Crazy Cat. the Na
tional Hotel, all were fully
slocked.
"The Communists even went so
fur as to have new uniforms made
for workers of the Ministry of
Public Woiks, who were put lo
work breaking up the sidewalks .
in hotel areas to give the im
pression that some of the hotels
built in 1957 and 1958 were still
under construction."
Escapee Jose Luis Fundora, 21,
tells of a terrible shortage of
clothing. Second-hand shoes go
(or $50 lo $65. He said "Ameri
can Florsheims which haven't
seen too much wear will bring
$200." Second-hand slacks are
priced anywhere from $30 to $60.
Women's shirts sell for $50.
AI
manac
By I'nilrd Tress International
Today is Monday. Oct. 14, tlie
287th day of 13 with 78 to fal
low .
The moon is approaching its
phase.
The morning star is Jupiter.
The evening stars are Jupiter
and Saturn.
Those born today include form
er President Dwight Eisenhower,
in 1890.
On this day in history:
In lows, the Normans defeated
King Harold and his English
forces in tlie battle of Hastings.
In 1912, former President The
odore Roosevelt was shot in Mil
waukee and refused to have the
wound treated until he delivered
a scheduled speech.
BERRY'S WORLD
"I got carried away with my new stainless steel
razor blade'."
By RALPH de TOLEDANO
New polls demonstrating the
dramatic decline of Governor Nel
son Rockefeller of New York as
a potential Presidential nominee
now place him roughly on a par in
popularity with Governor George
Romney of Michigan. Mr. Rom
ney has not gained strength; it is
simply that his relative position,
as compared to Mr. Rockefeller,
is improved.
This, however, has already be
gun to encourage those who see
in him the ideal "stop Goldwater"
candidate. And, in turn, his new
position in the polls makes it nec
essary lo examine his eligibility
for the Presidency. By that, I do
not mean his competence. I refer,
of course, to the question: "Is
George Romney a natural born
American?" If he is not, the Con
stitution bars him from the na
tion's two highest elective offices.
George Romney was born in
Chihuahua, Mexico, where h i s
Mormon parents had taken up
residence lo avoid United States
laws against the practice of po
lygamy. The Constitution, howev
er, docs not define "natural born" '
although the First Congress of
fered its own interpretation nev
er tested in the courts in a
bill setting up naturalization pro-,
cedures. According to this probab
ly discarded definition, the off
spring of American citizens are
natural born no matter where
they are born.
The legally accepted interpreta
tion, however, holds that this stat
us applies only in cases where the
parents are in the military, on the
high seas, on diplomatic duty, or
in areas where extra-territoriality
in effect creates a special Ameri
can sovereignly. The Romneys
were neither soldiers nor diplo
mats and Chihuahua was clear
ly Mexican territory.
Court decisions have supported
the commonly held view that the
progeny of Americans not born on
American soil arc not natural
born with the exceptions I not
ed and must be naturalized.
The Supreme Court has ruled that
a naturalized citizen "stands on
equal footing with the native citi
zens in all respects save that of
eligibility to the Presidency."
In the case of Uniled States vs.
Wong Kim Ark, the court ruled
that "a person born out of the
jurisdiction of the United Stales
can only become a citizen by be
ing naturalized, either by treaty,
as in the case of annexation of a
foreign territory, or by authority
of Congress exercised ... in en
actments conferring citizenship
upon foreign born children of cit
izens." i This decision spelled out
other citizenship matters, hut they
are not pertinent to the Romney
case. I In Wong Kam Wo vs.
Dulles, a three-judge Federal
Circuit Court ruled that a child
who is a citizen at birth by de
rivative citizenship under the
statutes is "naturalized." This
has been sustained in other
cases.
Where docs this leave Governor
Romney? Unless there arc de
cisions the lawyers have failed
to discover or unless the Su
preme Court rules that past prec
edent no 'crgcr applies he is
clearly not eligible to be Presi
dent. His followers argue as did
those who hoped that Franklin D.
Roosevelt Jr. was Presidential
timlier, the was born in Canada)
that these are legalisms.
"If lie is nominated." they say.
"and then elected, no one will
raise tlie Issue of his Constitution
al eligibility. And if it does go be
fore the Supreme Court, the ruling
will recognize the existence of an
accomplished fact, then sustain
the new President.
Much of this is academic. Gov
ernor Romney's chances are not
bright, and indeed it is a ques
tion whether he truly wants to
make the perilous race. But it
does raise some serious moral
questions for lliose who claim
IN WASHINGTON...
Is Romney Eligible
For The Presidency?
committal to his candidacy. If the
court decisions and tlie statutes
are clear-cut, then is it proper to
propose Romney as a candidate
on the ground that the Supreme
Court will ignore legality in order
to allow him tlie Presidency? The
answer is obviously in the nega
tive. Governor Romney could, prior
to the Republican convention and
or the primaries, ask Congress lo
pass a law making him properly
eligible. But it is hard to see how
any candidate, playing the usual
coy game of Presidential possibil
ities, could lay his cards on the
table so openly. The polls may
equate Romney and Rockefeller
strength, but until the status of his
eligibility is decided, Romney is
only a shadow candidate.
LETTERS
TO THE
. EDITOR .
Write Now
I would like to use your column
to state a fact of which very few
people seem to be aware.
All of us have, of course, read
and heard of the impending sale
of American surplus wheat to Rus
sia. This is fine from the stand
point o getting rid of some of
the gigantic surplus, which is cost
ing us millions of dollars each
day to store. It is even better
when viewed in the light of the
gold the Russians will pay for
the wheat, which will greatly
benefit our balance of payments.
But, dear taxpayer, did you
know that our nation's leaders arc
planning to sell the wheat at a
lower price than American con
sumers must pay for it? I guess
you know who is going lo make
up the difference in price in or
der to support wheat prices.
We are spending billions of dol
lars each year on national defense,
foreign aid. the United Nations,
etc., to fight communism. Now
we turn around and give them a
helping hand, with the good old
American taxpayer footing the
bill. (As usual).
Now, "helping thy neighbor"
may seem to have a certain old
Testament Tightness about it, but
while we are helping this "neigh
bor," he is making plans to
bury us.
Please, Mr. Taxpayer, don't sit
by, doing nothing, while the admin
istration sells us down the river
again. If you don't have time
to write to all our Oregon con
gressmen, at least write one and
let him know how you feel.
Mrs. Ken Kuhlman.
Write lo:
Sen. Wayne More
Sen. Maurine Neuberger
Rep. Al Ullman (our dislricl).
Search
The reason I am writing you
this letter is to find the where
abouts of my three children. Be--ing
Uie father I have the right
to know.
The last time I saw my wife
and the children was in 1962 at
2301 Geneva Drive in Modesto.
Calif. I have written many letters
to thorn but get no reply. My
w ife does not correspond with me
at all.
My daughter. Mary Giallanza.
who is 13 years old was born in
Alameda, Calif , my son, Mike,
aged 10. was born in Walnut
Creek. Calif., and my daughter,
Rose, was born in Concord. Calif.
I would very much appreciate
it if you would print my letter
in your newspaper. I will'be glad
to send you a money order cover
ing the cost.
Charles Giallanza.
I
WASHINGTON
NOTEBOOK . .
Machine
Measures
Increase
By WASHINGTON STAFF
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON (NEA)-Census
Bureau officials are biting their
na;ls trying to figure out when
the population of the United
States will hit 190 million.
Every T.k seconds a light flash
es on the electronic population in
dicator to show that a baby was
born. Every 18'i seconds, another
light shows that someone died.
And every 11 seconds the total
population figure at the top of
the board clicks up one figure.
But the board is just like any
other government statistic. It has
to be seasonally adjusted. The
final figures on summer immi
gration and emigration have lo
lie released before the Census
Bureau can figure the exact hour
and minute of the big moment.
Solicitor General Archibald Cox,
making a Washington talk, got a
little mixed up the other day on
how many amendments there are
to the U.S. Constitution.
"I'm not sure now," he said,
"whether there are 21 or 22."
His host, Jacob Clayman of the
AFL-CIO's Industrial Union De
partment, tried a few moments
later to relieve Cox of his em
barrassment: "Let the record not show that
Mr. Cox did not know whether
the Constitution has 21 or 22
amendments."
What Mr. Clayman apparently
didn't know either, is that the
Constitution has 23 and may soon
have a 24th.
George W. Ball, undersecretary
of state, was speaking to m e m
bers of the American Foreign
Service Assn. After a great deal
Df praise for the Foreign
Service, Ball hit them between
the eyes with this:
"A principal source of my per
sonal anguish comes from t h e
documents that you ladies and
gentlemen draft and which, after
87 clearances, find their way to
my desk.
"I was taught to believe thai
the simple declarative sentence
is one of the noblest achieve
ments of man. But I have found
in the Slate Department little
sympathy for that particular ar
ticle of faith.
"Sometimes I suspect that the
elementary concept that a sen
tence should have a subject and
a predicate and in that order
is regarded in these parts, if not
as subversive, then, at least, as
outmoded."
Several times this year Sen.
Barry Goldwater of Arizona is
reported to have headed off dras
tic boycotts of New York's Gov.
Nelson Rockefeller by interven
ing with state and local Republi
cans who might otherwise have
stayed away from the governor's
appearances.
Preserving parly unity is one
objective. Some of the sena
tor's supporters have something
more in mind: They don't want
Rockefeller to gain the sympathy
backing he might get if he were
subjected lo a severe freeze-out
or tagged with a tomato.
Says one man:
"Our only interest is in seeing
that, wherever Rockefeller goes,
he gets a polite, adequate and
very cold reception."
QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
0 Do hermit crabs use only
empty shells?
A Yes. They arc not capable
of extracting the original mollusk
and must wait for shells to be
empty.
For what feat Is LI. An
drews Summers Rowan remem
bered? A Rowan carried the famous
message to Garcia, tlie Cuban
revolutionist, during the Spanish
American War.
Q W hat new, national historic
sites have been created?
A Theodore Roosevelt's home.
Sagamore Hill at Oyster Bay and
his birthplace in Manhattan.
Q-ls the tower at Pisa the
only leaning tower in Italy?
A Italy has two other leaning
towers besides the one at Pisa,
tlie Asinelli and the Garicenda at
Bologna.
Q Is it possible to ice both
the Pacific and Atlantic oceans at
some point in Central America?
A-On a clear day. both oceans
are said to be visible from Irazu, a
volcano 11,260 feet high, in the
center of Costa Rica.
Q-What is the Christmas tra
dition regarding bavberry can
dles? A Burn one on Christmas
Day. If the (lame burns bright
and the iieht shines clear, then
heaven will bless you all the
year.