HERALD
dubiial (paq&
According To Boyle
' One of the more intriguing bits of news
to fight its way over the hot wires against
such heavy competition as Viet Nam, the tax
cut bill, the test ban treaty and the import
export balance is an item about an odd prob
lem now confronting British airline steward
esses. This problem, contrary to what may leap
to your mind, doesn't concern middle-aged
gentlemen passengers who have a tendency
to become cordial to the stewardesses after
a segment of the champagne flights.
Instead it arises from a physical phenom
enon known to science as Boyle's law. Reduced
to unscientific terms, Boyle's law says that
when you get high up in the air your tummy
. has a tendency to expand because of lessen
ing air pressure outside.
Now anyone who has ever had occasion
to glance at an airline stewardess may have
noticed that these gals normally seem to
have no problem with their physiques or ap
pearance, on the ground or in the air.
No
A number of eastern metropolitan edi
tors are poking fun at the "chicken war" be
tween the United States and the European
Common Market countries. It isn't a laugh
ing matter to those who understand it.
Although the U.S. has lost $46-milIion
in poultry sales since the increased tariffs
and gate fees levied by the ECM, the case is
far more important than that. If the ECM gets
by with this discrimination, it is almost a
foregone conclusion they will, within a year
or two, place financial barriers against other
American agricultural products.
And for the benefit of the eastern edi
tors who may not know it, we are the world's
largest exporter of agricultural products.
Without exports our surpluses would be big
ger than the financial deficit.
President Kennedy, Secretary of Agri
By MARQUIS CIIILDS
CAMBRIDGE, lid. In this sol
id, comfortable-looking town of
12,000 that only a short time ago
narrowly averted mass violence
are the trouble elements of the
racial conflict shaking the Amer
ican social structure to its foun
dations. It is all here as though con
centrated in a small laboratory
the old Eastern Shore community
with its traditional ways of life,
its ancient prejudices dividing the
two races bolh physically and
psychologically, the persistent
ami wide unemployment that has
come with a tide of change origi
nating in the great world.
Outside the Deep South there
are hundreds of towns like Cam
bridge in West Virginia, Tennes
see, Kentucky, the boot heel of
Missouri caught in a bitter strug
gle between Uie past and the pres
ent. What puts Cambridge In the
news again and with a new ele
ment of hope is that tlx moder
ates on both sides of the racial
divide are working together in a
unique experiment. Negro and
while leaders are actively sup
porting an amendment to tlie city
charter to desegregate all places
of public accommodation, includ
ing restaurants, molds and ho
lds. If it Is adopted in a city-wide
election It will be a first step in
tlx effort to heal tlx ok! wounds
' and set a new pattern of race
relations.
, Failure is likely to bring an
other crisis of challenge and vio
lence. And with National Guards
men still unobtrusively on duty
here Cambridge dreads a repeti
tion of Uie summer when mora
than 200 shots were fired and 10
whites wounded.
The present pause came in large
part as a result of the patient
affort of Assistant Attorney Gen
eral Burke Marshall. With the
town on the verge of open war
fare as the Guardsmen were mov-
. ing in. he got both sides in' his
: office in Washington and persuad
ed hcm with the help of Attor
ney General Robert Kennedy to
work to a common end. Behind
the amendment is the hope that if
majority of both whites and
Negroes vote for it th town will
, have put its okay on the begin
ning of a new pattern of race
, relations.
The whit moderates are men
AND NEWS. Klamath Falls. Ore.
But the British girls complain that skirts
which fit perfectly (ah, yes, they do) on the
ground become uncomfortably tight at high
altitudes when Boyle's law takes over.
Well, girls, if it's any comfort to you,
we men have the same problem. And Mr.
Boyle may be interested to know that we have
to gain only about three feet of additional
altitude to feel a tightness around the waist.
It happens when we rise from the table
after a hearty meal.
And if we looked as pretty as you girls
do in our temporary discomfort, we wouldn't
be nearly as alarmed as you seem to be.
So keep on flying, girls. And if your
skirts get too tight, and if British gentlemen
are like American gentlemen, the passengers
won't complain.
BULLETIN: A news flash has just come
in that airline hostesses in America have
reported no trouble with Boyle's law. But the
least we men can do is to keep an eye on
things.
Laughing Matter
culture Orville Freeman and others in Wash
ington are aware that poultry is just the
first step and that it must be impressed upon
the ECM or any other trade union, that the
United States intends to stand up for her
right to fair play. That is why President
Kennedy is taking such an active interest in
the chicken war.
Poultry is just one item. The ECM coun
tries alone normally import $1.2 billion of
farm products from us. The ECM countries
import 52 per cent of our dollar exports in
feed grains; 31 per cent of our exported
wheat and flour; 20 per cent of our fruits
and vegetables and 31 per cent of our to
bacco crop.
The threat of the loss or this market
isn't a laughing matter to the men on the
farms who grow the crops.
WASHINGTON CALLING .
'Instant Equality'
such as Edward Walter, Cam
bridge postmaster and active in
the American Legion nationally,
who is chairman of the Cambridge
First Committee, and Edward
Power, a young executive of (lie
American Yearbook Company
that recently built a plant here.
Mayor Calvin W. Mowbray has
taken an active part in persuad
ing citizens for the amendment.
The old and the new have come
together to try to bridge this
rough passage.
On tire Negro side are Charles
E. Cornish who has represented
(he Negro Second Ward on the
City Council for many years and
two ministers, the Reverend
Thcasdar M. Murray of the Cam
bridge Circuit of the Methodist
Church and the Reverend Claude
Edmonds of the Waugh Methodist
Church. The last named is much
younger than (he oilier two and
he quotes James Bnldwin's "The
Fire Next Time" in prophecy of
the peril of delay.
The Rev. Murray Is head of tlie
Association for tho Advancement
of Colored People and he has got
Phillip Savage, regional director
of NAACP for Maryland, Dela
ware and Pennsvlvania, to come
Al
manac
By I'niled Press International
Today is Sunday, Oct. 6, the
279th day of ltuvl with 86 to fol
low. The moon is approaching its
last quarter.
The morning stars are Mercury
and Jupiter.
The evening stars are Jupiter
and Saturn.
On this day in history:
In I8M), Mormons in Utah re
nounced the practice of polygamy.
In 1S27, the first full-lcngih
"talking" movie "The Jazz
Singer" was shown.
In 1M8. Dr. Eduard Benes re
signed as president of Czechoslo
vakia under pressure of a Ger
man ultimatum.
In 1955, aft persons died when
a United Airlines DC 4 hit Medi
cine Bow Peak in Southern Wy
oming. A thought for the day Her
bert Hoover, 31st President of the
United States said: "A good
many things go around in the
dark besides Santa Claus."
Sunday, October 6, 1963
.
Dream
in lo lend his weight to the cam
paign in the final days.
If these men, working in cooper
ation in the outwardly calm sur
face of the town, fit tlieir roles
well, so do the opponents. The
white opposition is enrolled in (lie
Dorchester (county) Business and
Citizens Association. President is
William Wise, a fuel oil dealer
who is a relative newcomer by
Cambridge standards, since he
came here only 20 years ago. Wise
and his followers attack the
amendment along familiar lines
as a violation of tlie rights of pri
vate property, not that they are
for segregation but that integra
tion must come voluntarily. He
quotes the canned radio programs
provided for the local station by a
Texas billionaire to prove (lie in
tegral ionist movement is Communist-inspired.
The Negro opposition is em
bodied in one individual Mrs.
Gloria Richardson. While she
signed the agreement for the
pause in Marshall's office, slie
came out tlie other day to urge
Negroes to slay away from the
(Hills. Up to that point Slie had
been neutral.
Gloria, as she is known lo every
one in town with eillier respect
and awe or scorn and anger, has
powers not to be underestimated.
As chairman of (lie Cambridge
Nonviolent Action Committee, she
was in Uie forefront of every dem
onstration along with the freedom
riders the "outsiders" who sup
plied much of tlie resistance that
brought on the showdown.
As she talks in the comfort
able family house her grandfath
er, Manny St. Clair, was (or
many years a member of the City
Council sense of her Iron-willed
determination is inescapable. You
shouldn't have to vote lor rights
guaranteed in the Constitution.
She supports without reservation
tlie Student Nonviolent Coordinat
ing Committee's proposed pro
gram for wide civil disobedience,
closing down airports and rail
ways. When you say. but that will
bung violence, her answer is,
and, yes, whose fault will it be,
tlie fault of the whites.
What Is wanted, as one mem
ber of the Cambridge Fu st Com
mittee wryly put it, is "instant
equality." And neither for Cam
bridge nor for the country as a
whole is "instant equality" a
realisable goal.
'Basically There are Three Governments
Involved - The Diem Government,
The U.S.A., and The C.I. A."
IN WASHINGTON . .
Treaty
Haunt
By RALPH de TOLEDANO '
President Kennedy won ratifica
tion of the Treaty of Moscow on
nuclear testing. But with the vote,
he also received a very large bo
nus. In political terms, he demon
strated that the Senate Republican
leadership is in his pocket. Those
in the know have been aware of
this for some time. But in the
past weeks, the display has been
public.
There is considerable agree
ment that two Republican Sena
tors might have blocked ratifica
tion. Senator Dirksen is Minority
Leader and as such has a small
amount of patronage at his dis
posal. He is also the GOP spokes
man in the upper body. Senator
Bourke Hickenloopcr is ranking
Republican on the House-Senate
Atomic Energy Committee. And,
more important, he is chairman of
the Senate Republican Policy Com
mittee. Both of these GOP leaders
worked lovingly to win ratification
of the Moscow Treaty. Mr. Dirk
sen had shown himself so supine
in the past that no one expect
ed him to fight Mr. Kennedy on
the treaty. 'But his colleagues be
lieved that he would simply cast
a favorable vote and let it go at
that.
On the contrary, Mr. Dirksen
aided and abetted by Mr. Hicken
loopcr ought long and hard to
prevent any kind of Republican
show of strength against a treaty
which most of the Senate consid
ered highly dubious but support
ed so as not to embarrass tlie
President of the United States.
Perhaps the most startling mani
festation of the lengths to which
the Dirkscn-Hickenlooper team
went was in refusing to let Re
publican Senators see research
material from the files of their
policy committee.
One staff member, who owes
his job to Senator Hickenloopcr,
staled flatly that he could not pro
vide material from the files to
Republican Senators because "this
would establish a bad precedent
and antagonize the Democrats."
Precisely what the function of the
Senate Republican Policy Commit
tee is remains a mystery in
view of this comment. Ob
viously, not to bring any dis
tress or after-dinner flatulence to
the majority if the staff mem
ber is to be believed. And believed
he should be, since this is not the
first revealing remark of this sort
he has made.
Without any leadership and
knowing that Senators Dirksen
and Hickenloopcr took a dim view
of those who opposed the Treaty
of Moscow a number of fresh
men Senators switched over to the
Administration side. A few veter
ans gave this reason, too. "You
don't want us to be isolated," one
strong critic of the treaty said.
"We've got to go along with Dirk."
If this were the first time Mr.
Dirksen and Mr. Hickenloopcr
acted in this manner, a generous
explanation might be found for it.
But this is an old story. It has
never been reported, but it Is cate
gorically true, that these two lead
ers of the Republican minority
have done their best to frustrate
eflorts of their colleagues lo keep
tlie Cuba issue alive and to try
to force the administration to
come to the aid of the tragic little
island. Tlie attitude of the GOP
leadership was: "We won't try to
stop you. but you get no help
Irom us." Since those involved
included at least one who needs
Senator Dlrksrn's help on oilier
matters, the point was obvious.
Senator Dirksen is not the most
popular Republican leader the Sen
ate has known. His form of ora
tory, amusing at first for its over
blown periods, bores after a while.
He seems to have no concept of
his rote or that of a mindly.
Vote Could
Sen. Dirksen
When the chips are down, he usu
ally has left the game. For the
administration, this is all to the
good, particularly when it divides
the GOP. But among the younger
Republican Senators, there is a
good deal of grumbling. Very
quietly, they have begun to whis
per that the time has come for a
revolt. And with so few Republi
cans in the Senate, it would not
take many votes to oust Mr. Dirk
sen from his leadership slot. It's
still a long way off, but if Sena
tor Goldwater wins Uie nomina
tion and then sweeps in a new
crop of Republicans, Mr. Dirk
sen's days as Minority Leader
may suddenly end.
(Second of two columns on the
status of (lie civil rights issue, a
month after the March on Wash
ington for Jobs and Freedom.)
By PETER. EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON (NEA)-As lead
ers of the Aug. 28 March on Wash-'
ington For Jobs and Freedom
meet in the capital again to as
sess what has happened in the in
tervening month and to plan their
future course of action, they are
confronted by a confused civil
rights situation in Congress.
The draft of a bill to carry out
President Kennedy's civil rights
reform recommendations for this
year is being readied for action
by the full House Judiciary Com
mittee under Chairman Emanuel
Ccllcr, D-N.Y. He was also chair
man of the subcommittee which
w rote the bill.
It is obviously not going to satis
fy all demands of tlie march or
ganizers, meeting in Washington
as members of the Leadership
Conference on Civil Rights.
This is a 14-year-old biracial lob
by of 80 religious, labor, fraternal
and civil liberties groups working
for stronger legislation.
It recently opened a Washington
headquarters under its secretary
Arnold Aronson for the duration
of the Congressional battle. Its
general chairman is Roy Wilkins.
executive secretary of the NAACP
and one of tlie march organizers.
If the Leadership Conference
decides that the House civil rights
bill is as good as can be obtained
this year, there may be no cause
for Immediate action.
If tlie lenders decide the hill is
loo weak, there will be s fight.
If even a mild reform hill gels
hung up in House Rules Commit
tee, tliere will be protest and
further demonstrations.
Tlie general assumption is that
if a good bill is cleared by the
Ruies Committee, it will pass the
House, though not without consid
erable oratorical fireworks.
In tlie meantime, the Senate had
hecii scheduled to take up as a
test case on civil rights prospects
QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
O vthn gave Europe the first
real Information about the Ori
ent? A Marco Polo, an Italian trav
eler in the 13th Century.
Q-Whal Is a papal bull?
A An official document or let
ter issued by the Pope and scaled
with a leaden seal called a bulla.
WILLIAM
Viet
WASHINGTON - A political
cloud a good deal bigger than any
man's hand is gathering over the
Kennedy Administration in the
continuing and worsening confu
sion as to what our policy in
South Vict Nam really is.
The President some days ago
plainly indicated that he did not
propose to allow the incessant lib
eral criticism here of the South
Vietnamese leader, Ngo Dinh
Diem, to cause the U.S. to run
out on that regime and thus lose
a desperately necessary war
against Communist invaders.
Some 15,000 American troops are
out there helping Diem's forces
to resist this Communist aggres
sion. The policy of the United States,
Mr. Kennedy said in substance,
would be to support whatever pro
moted the war effort and to op
pose whatever might interfere
with it. The net of it was that
while this government did not re
gard Diem as perfect and would
not hesitate to check him in what
we believe to be his excesses
against the Buddhists, this gov
ernment was not going to allow
his shortcomings to cause the
war itself to be lost.
Having laid down this line, the.
President then sent Secretary of
Defense Robert McNamara and
General Maxwell Taylor to South
Vict Nam to review the whole
situation. So far, so good. It
looked that we were going to keep
our eye strictly on the ball.
But now, even before the Presi
dent's emissaries have had a
chance to finish their mission, the
American Ambassador to South
Viet Nam, Henry Cabot Lodge,
has devoted his first public
statement in his new post to a
puerile denunciation of Diem's
sislcr-in-law, Madame Ngo Dinh
Nhu. That she has been a great
nuisance is beyond doubt. Nor
can any American withhold re
sentment toward the latest of her
idiocies, her attack upon "the lit
tle soldiers of fortune" among
our troops in Viet Nam. '
Still the fact that Ambassador
Lodge no doubt with State Do-
L I
EDSON IN WASHINGTON . . .
Government Dallying
Increases Impatience
for the year an amendment to an
unrelated private claims bill.
It was sponsored by Senators
Mike Mansfield, D-Mont., and Ev
erett M. Dirksen. R-Ill.
Tlieir rider would make the U.S.
Civil Rights Commission a perma
nent government agency and en
large its powers.
The Civil Rights Commission's
final report is ready for issuance
and the agency is scheduled to
wind up its affairs by Nov. 30
unless it is given a new lease on '
life.
President Kennedy has recom
mended a four-year extension, and
this has been approved by a Sen
ate civil rights subcommittee.
The attempt to make the com
mission a permanent agency and
enlarge its functions brought on
such prompt southern opposition
that the sponsors withdrew their
amendment, claiming it had been
introduced as a mistake. In its
placo they offered a simple one
year extension.
This may prevent an irnmcd
iale filibuster, but one is almost
sure to develop when the House
approved omnibus civil rights bill
gets to the Senate by, say mid
Novcnilicr. During preparations for t h e
March on Washington its leaders
announced that in event of a fili
buster, march participants would
be asked to relurn to Washington
"in waves of 2.000."
These "little marches" would
not confine themselves lo the
Washington monument or the Lin
coln Memorial. Picketing of both
the White House and Capitol might
be expected. ,
An indication of what's ahead
Is found in a statement by Wilkins
1 that the proposals made by Presi
dent Kennedy in February are
now obsolete.
"Tlw injunctive power ( of the
federal government must be ex
tended lo cover all civil rights
violations." says Wilkins.
"Both Fair Employment Prac
tices and the broadened injunctive
power were pledged in the 10
Democratic platform, yet the ad
ministration si amis in the way of
inclusion of I hose provisions in the
civil rights bill.
"There are of course other fea
tures of the i House i bill that
need strengthening." adds Wilkins.
"The defem of voting rights
could be made easier. The lag
gard school desegregation pro
gram could be speeded up. There
should be mandatory withholding
of funds from al) federally assist
ed programs that practice dis
crimination." This is the big change in
creased demands by Scp Waf
ers thai Vu H&A fiACA if ti$
first mon:h yNu out spacfe q
S. WHITE
Nam Policy
partment instruction has seen fit
to act as though Madame Nhu,
and not the invading Communist,
was the real enemy in South
cast Asia is a chilling one to
those here at home who support
American intervention in the war
and wish we could get on with it.
Never, surely, has the might
and majesty of the United States
been drawn up against so ill
chosen and so absurdly small a
target as the bitter and wagging
tongue of somebody's sister-in-
WASHINGTON REPORT . .
Foggy
Bottom
Stupor
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
WASHINGTON There were
precious few experts who did not
foresee months ago the likeli
hood of a takeover by anti-Communist
military men in the Do
minican Republic.
There is only one trouble:
these precious few occupy sixth
floor offices in the State Depart
ment's palatial headquarters at
Foggy Bottom.
For months there have been
persistent reports that Domini
can leaders who had helped
knock off Dictator Rafael Tru
jillo were dismayed at the soft-on-communism
attitude evidenced
by President Juan Bosch.
Rep. Armistead Selden. t h e
well-informed chairman of the
House Foreign Affairs Subcom
mittee on Latin America, warned
in June that the Reds were mov
ing in to positions of trust.
Communist operatives, he said,
were making "inroads into the po
lice, the labor unions, the schools
and student groups." He quoted
Hal Hendrix, Pulitzer Prize win
ning reporter, to the effect that
"subtle and peaceful Communist
penetration of the Dominican Re
public is progressing with in
credible speed and efficiency."
On July 13, Bosch met with a
group of top-ranking military of
ficers at the San Isidro airbase.
They begged him lo crack dow n
on the Communist agents who
roamed the nation. They cited
Article 87 of t h e Conslitution
and offered Bosch their full sup
port for any measures he might
adopt. Bosch refused, lecturing
them on his own peculiar concept
of "democracy."
Two days later, he went on
nationwide television to ridicule
Ihe military: "We are af
firmative not negative. If the
armed forces persist, Ihey must
look for someone else to rule be
cause I am not willing to lead
a dictatorship total or partial."
He accused two highly respect
ed military figures, an air force
chaplain and an air force. judge
advocate, of plotting against
him. He "busted both. When the
priest asked Bosch to substantiate
his charges, all he got was stony
silence.
Bosch steadfastly refused to op
pose the Reds. He readily granted
permission for Dominion Com
munists to fly to Cuba for Fidel
Castro's 2(ilh of July celebration.
Leaders of the democratic left
as well as right began to at
tack Bosch. Juan Isidro Jimincs
Grullon of the Social Democratic
Alliance and Horacio Julio Ornes
of the Revolutionary Vanguard,
both of whom had supported
Bosch lor president last Decem
ber, turned against him. They
charged Bosch had crawled in
bed with tlie Communists and
now planned civil war. They were
distrustful of Bosch's left-hand
man. Angel Miolan. who was
for 10 years tlie confiiiant of Vin-
"V'thi hn't it, tomrait . . . babutbkm r
coming fubionsblt fit Amtrkt!"
6S
Wavers
law. It is like mounting an ar
tillery piece and then firing
through its great maw a .22-cali-bre
rifle loaded with blanks. It
is silly beyond ready belief.
To attack Madame Nhu is, of
course, not against the law. It is
only a violation of comrnonsense
and an almost incredible malprac
tice in statecraft. First of all, it
inflates her importance out of all
reason. Second, and more import
ant, it raises the gravest ques
tion as to whether the President's
directive to get on with the war
and stop all the nonsense is ac
tually being followed.
The question is not in the mind
merely of one independent col
umnist. It is also in the minds
and deeply so of some of the
most powerful of Democratic Con
gressional politicians. These men
have long been worried at the
Administration's apparent inabil
ity to stop the backstabbing in
ternal argument over Vietnamese
policy that is going on all over
official Washington. Now, they are
in something like panic, as has
just been illustrated by the little
noticed of a House Foreign Af
fairs subcommittee to make an
on-the-spot survey in South Vief
Nam
These politicians, in short, see
the cloud in the sky that the ad
ministration apparently will not
see. They think, and rightly so,
that if this government goes on
endlessly concerning itself with
the shortcomings of Diem's fam
ily, instead of the perils posed by
the Communist marauders, a po
litical storm is going to break one
day. If it does, it will be a hur
ricane. The Administration cannot af
fordand more importantly this
country cannot afford another
mess like Cuba or China. If we
talk ourselves out of South Viet
Nam we will talk ourselves out of
Southeast Asia and then to our
national interests and to the ad
ministration's political interests,
the deluge will come.
cenle Lombardo Toledano,
Mexican Red.
Ihe
Ohio's Bob Taft Jr. will give
up his Congressman-at-large post
next year to go after a seat in
the U.S. Senate.
He will enter the campaign con
fident that Republicans can
score their biggest victory since
11)32, when Dwight Eisenhower
rolled over Adlai Stevenson and
Republicans recaptured t h e
House and Senate.
Taft sees many parallels be
tween 1952 and 1984:
1. Then we were involved in
Korea in "an Asian stew where
Ihe enemy operated from sanc
tuary and there could be no vic
tory. Today we face a very simi
lar situation in tlie mess in Viet
nam." 2. "Recently we have seen the
replacement of Admiral George
Anderson and the muzzling of
military leaders who disagreed
with administration policies. In
1951. we had seen the removal
of that great American, Gener
al Douglas MacArthur, because
he told the truth about Korea."
.1. By 1952. U.S. policies had
lost China to the Communist
world. "Today our abandonment
of the Monroe Doctrine and our
pusillanimous acceptance of Com
munist influence in Cuba and
elsewhere in the hemisphere
threatens the even more devas
tating loss of Latin America."
4. On Ihe domestic scene vast
federal sending had brought
about inflation and a threat to
our fiscal stability. "Today under
the same profligate policies we
face another round of inflation."
5. In 1952, the cost of living
had risen Ti points over the pre
vious year. "Present policies and
tendencies indicate a likelihood
of a similar rise in the near fi
ture unless some sanity is re
stored to our spending policies."