Bolivia Reds Resent
Yank Aid, Interference
By PHIL N'EWSOM
VP1 Foreign News Analyst
Rack in 1952 when Bolivian
President Victor Paz Estenssoro
took office the first time it was
with the support of Bolivia's tur
bulent tin miners whose Ti-ot-skyite
leadership had aligned it
self with Paz's national revolu
tionary movement.
A first step of the Paz go em
inent was to nationalize the coun
try's tin mines, upon which rrws'.
of its wealth depended, and g.ve
the miners unprecedented veto
powers over the mine manage
ment. Back of this was the burly lig
ure of a man named Juan Lech
in, son of an Arab father and a
Bolivian mother, said to have
first been hired by t h e Palino
mining interests for his ability as
a football player.
With this as a start, Lechin had
advanced swiftly from executive
secretary of the mine union in
1945, to senator in 1947 and to
successful revolutionary loader in
1952. His was a powerful voice
in calling Paz Estenssoro from
Argentine exile to assume the
presidency.
In Bolivia's present crisis, Paz
Jacoby
On Bridge
NORTH
AK10976
5
5
AQJ1043
WEST EAST
4 A3
VKQ9763 VJ108
K2 A 10 9 8
K952 86
SOUTH CO)
A AQJ852
V A42
QJ3
7
North and South vulnerable
South t North East
1 2 V 4 N.T. 6 V
7 A Pass Pass Double
Pass Pass Pass
Opening lead V K
LITTLE PEOPLE'S PUZZLE
South Overbids,
Then Uses Head
B OSWALD JACOBY
Newspaper Enterprise Assn. '
Here is a hand for which I am
indebted to Marshall Miles. The
moral seems to be: If you must
overbid, play well.
East's six-heart bid was de
signed to upset North-South's or
derly flow of bidding and it suc
ceeded admirably. North went hog
wild and jumped to seven spades.
When it got back to East he
decided to double. This double told
his partner not to lead a heart,
hut West opened the king of hearts
anyway.
Declarer won with the ace and
was duly thankful for small fav
ors. Still he had work to do.
He needed to set up three clubs
in dummy for diamond discards.
If clubs were to break 3-3 or if
the king of clubs would drop sin
pleton or doubleton he could set
tJie suit easily.
Suppose an opponent held four
clubs to the l;ing? He could still
make the hand if he could guess
where the king of clubs was.
South decided it was a sure
tiling. West knew that his part
ner was asking for a club or dia
mond lead but had opened a
heart. West had to have a rea
son and this appeared to be that
he held both minor suit kings and
was afraid to open the wrong one.
Therefore South took a first
round club finesse against West.
It was well that he did. Other
wise the grand slam would not
have been made.
You'll become an expert at slam
play with tips found in Jacoby's
new 64-page book "Win at Bridge,
lust send your name, address,
and 50 cents to: Oswald Jacoby
Header Service, c-o this newspa
per, P.O. Box 489, Dept. A, Radio
City Station, New York 19, N.Y.
Q The bidding has been:
East Sooth West North
1 Double 1 N.T. Pass
Pas? 7
You, South, hold:
4AQ87 VAK65 43 410882
What do you do?
A Pass. Yon mar be monkey
lnr with a bjii aaw if Too bid
lain.
TODAY'S QtXSTIOM
Instead of bidding one no
trump West bids two diamonds
over your double. North and
East pass. What do you do?
Answer Tomorrow
and Lechin once more are cen
tral figures.
Paz is serving his second term
as president and Lechin has ris
en to vice president, but the two
are in bitter conflict and the out
come could determine whether
the moderate lelt-of-center gov
ernmcnt of Paz is to continue or
whether Bolivia is to become the
first Communist-controlled nation
on the South American continent
Paz, long-since disenchanted
with his former Communist sup
porters, now relies upon the Bo
livian peasants who have bene
fited from his land reform pro
gram.
For Paz, as for Hernan Siles
Zuazo, Uk in-between presidential
office holder, the job has been to
stabilize the Bolivian economy
and by development of its other
rich mineral and agricultural re
sources to rescue it from its one
sided reliance upon tin.
It has been uphill going.
In the 11 years since the revo
lution, what little stability Bolivia
has enjoyed has been possible
only through U.S. aid amounting
to around $20 million per year.
A constant opponent of Un
supported stabilization programs
has been Lechin. who today joins
the Marxists and Trotskyites in
accusing the government of bow
ing to the dictates of the U.S.
State Department.
At the core of the dispute are
the efforts of the Paz government
to rehabilitate the mining indus
try through $38 million in aid
from the United States, West Ger
many and the Inter-American De
velopment Bank.
The industry is heavily featii.ir
bedded and production has fallen
steadily since nationalization.
The history of the state mining
corporation is one of woeful ma
lmanagement and corruption so
! that not even expert auditors
J have been able to trace income
-and outgo.
The miners, with guns left over
from the revolution, are resisting
government efforts to reduce the
work force by 6.000 and introduce
modern efficiency to the mines.
Upon the outcome of the Strug-
;le depends the future of $65 mi
lion in promised U.S. aid.
r- r j
b n i I 6i I
5"k . 5 ACROSS
! 0WM .DOWN i
I (TdownH & I
i i C-r
9ACEO&Sjji.
Menon Defends Record Before Parliament
NEW DELHI, India (UPli -I
V.K. Krishna Menon, whose
sharp tongue once claimed a
worldwide audience, came out of
enforced obscurity recently to de
fend his now-tarnished reccd be
fore Parliament.
He was applauded mildly by
his own ruling Congress party,
but he was booed by the non-
Communist opposition.
The oratory which formerly
swayed debates on international
issues in the United Nations now
made little impact in his own na
tional legislature.
The speech was Mcnon's firs'
major address before Parliamei,..
'.a nine months since he was
sacked as defense minister for
failing to prepare India against
Communist Chinese aggression.
Shrunk In Stature
During those nine montlis, the
veteran, 66-year-old politician and
diplomat has shrunk from the
strong right-hand of Prime Min
ister Jawaharlal Nehru to a small
voice on the left in Nehru's Con
gress party.
The acid phrases which rcver-
berated across the world for
years from the United Nations
rostrum now are heard mostly at
neighborhood political meetings.
The ambition which not long ago
aimed at succeeding Nehru as
prime minister now is reduced tu
lighting local precinct elections.
The steep and rapid decline has
Iwen a humbling experience for
the former international figure
w ho, aloof and proud, snapped at
his critics and newsmen and de-
Ill ItT IN FALL
WASHINGTON tUPH-Uelired
Marine Corps commandant Gen.
Lemuel Shepherd was reported in
satisfactory condition at the Beth
esda Naval Hospital today from
injuries suffered in a fall from a
horse.
Shepherd. 67. a World War II
combat hero who served as com
mandant from 1951 to 1955, was
thrown from his horse Monday
during a fox hunt near his home
at Wanvnlon, Va. He suffered a
broken arm and head injuries,
autliorities said.
fied American and other Western i
leaders. Since his decline, Menon
has tried to win friends in hopes
of organizing the Congress
party's left-wing into a potent po
litical force.
Inadequate Military Leader
The immediate reason for Men-
on's downfall was his inadequacy
as leader of India's military ma
chine, a position he held for five
years. He left his country so vul
nerable to attack that Red Chi
nese troops were able to pene
trate far into Indian-claimed ter
ritory last fall, creating one of
India's gravest crises. The Chi
nese olfensive showed India's
armed forces to be ill-equipped
and poorly-trained.
Despite a friendship 'of nearly
three decades, Nehru found it
necessary to fire Menon last No
vember because of mounting
criticism.
Menon fell even more swiftly
than he rose. Where he formerly
commanded attention in the high
est circles, his main platform
now is his seat in Parliament He
has represented a North Bombay
constituency for the last six
years.
Tuesday, September 3, 1963
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