Diem Gives Loyal Colonel
Full Command Of Army
SAIUOX 'I'Pl'-A short, be
spectacled colonel of hand-picked
South Vietnamese soldiers has as
sumed absolute command of the
military in this strife-torn country
of Southeast Asia.
He is I Quanq Tuna, a forty
ish Roman Catholic who special
ises in maintaining security and
conducting counter-intellicence at
the behest of President Nho Dinh
Diem.
Secret police and specially
trained soldiers under Tung's
command were responsible for
the lightning-swift raids last week
on Buddhist pagodas in South
Viet Nam's bicswt cities raids
which appeared to have quashed
with force the long-smoldering
Buddhist protest against Diem's
regime.
For the moment at least. Tung
has been given no-queslions-asked
power by Diem over the South
Vict Nam army. It is the army
that has permitted the Diem gm
eminent to remain at the helmj
during any years of war
again.-t the Communist Viet Cong!
from North Viet Nam. j
The army could pose the great-1
est single threat to Diem's admin-1
istration. W ithout the lovaltv of I
generals and their key lieutenants
observers believe that Diem would
soon be ousted.
Tung's power even overshadows
that of Maj. Gen. Tran Van Don
acting chairman of the joint gen
eral staff. As commander nf Viet
Nam's special forces, Tung is di
rectly responsible for maintaining
the martial law and state of siege
that Diem declared last week.
Weeks before the crackdown on
the Buddhists, reporters began
noticing an influx oi special forces
soldiers in Saigon. They are eas
ily distinguished because of the
distinctive insignia they wear.
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COMPLETE MANAGEMENT COURSE Twelve Kingsley
Field airmen have received certificates for completing
a 50-hour management course on the basic principles of
management techniques for Air Force supervisors. The
course is required for staff sergeants through the grade
of captains. Members of the graduating class are, front
row, left to right, S.Sgt. Robert L. Carter, T.Sgf. Allan
R. Bonney, S.Sgt. Earl Thigpen, S.Sgt. Gerald B. Brown,
S.Sgt. Melvin J. Rand, S.Sgt. Donald A. Welch and Lt.
Col. James B. Solltregg; back row, T.Sgt. John R. Ortega,
T.Sgt. Charles R. Seely, S.Sgt. Robert C. Agan, Russell J.
Walsh, S.Sgt. Irwin K. An-jlla, instructor. S.Sgt. James L.
James was absent. The awards were presented durinq a
graduation luncheon at Bing's Satellite Restaurant at the
Municipal Airport.
Fiery Suicides Distress Buddhist Scholars
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Ity LfH 'IS CASSELS lead to happiness. When he was
I'nlted Press International about 29 years old. he abandoned
Within the past two months, his sumptuous life as a prince and
nur monks and a nun have burned
Ihemsclvcs to death in South Vict
Nam to dramatize Buddhist grie
vances against the regime ol
President Ngo Dinh Diem.
Their immolations have caused
many newspaper readers in the
West to associate Buddhism with
licry self-destruction.
This is an ironic turn of events,
and very distressing to Buddhist
scholars outside South Viet Nam.
These scholars say that nothing
could be further from the true
spirit of Buddhism than to take a
life even one's own lite in a
political quarrel
Buddhism traditionally has been
a gentle and unwordly religion,
disdainful nf political concerns.
One of its basic tenets is an cx-l
treme "reverence for life." Bud
dhist monks even strain the water
they drink to make sure they do
not accidentally ingest and
cause distress to some small
living thing.
Buddhist scholars say that sui
cide cannot he squared with the
went into the forest, dressed
in rags, to seek enlightenment in
the solitary lite of a Hindu es
cetic.
No one ever practiced mortifi
cation of the flesh with greater
dedication than tluatama. He tast
ed i eating one bean a dayi until
his spine could be seen through
his shrunken stomach. But he
found no answers to his questions
about life, and concluded that ex
treme asceticism was no better
than luxury as a pathway to happiness.
Alter six years nf futile search
and founding an order of monks
to pass on his message. He died
at the age of SO after eating some
poisoned mushrooms that had got
ten into a dish by ac-idenl.
Buddha's original teachings con
stitute a philosophy of life rather
than a religion. He taught that
human life is characterized by
ering. and the basic cause of
suffering is "tanha," a word
which is often translated as 'de
sire" but w hich actually connotes
selfish craving, the tendency ir
every person to seek his own pri
vate happiness.
To break free from slavery tn
"tanha." Buddha said men must
follow "the eightfold path" of right
Guatama seated himself one knowledge, right aspiration, right
evening beneath the shade of a
lig tree near the village of Gaya
in northeast India. He vowed that
he would sit there until he saw the
light.
According to Buddhist scriptures
he remained for 49 days. He
emerged from this experience as
the Buddha, or "the enlightened
one." For the next 4.1 years, he
walked from one Indian village
to another, sharing his new
teachings of the faith even if it is insights with all who would listen,
prompted by noble and unselfish
reasons.
speech, right behavior, right occu
pation, right effort, right thmkin;
and right absorption.
Under each of these eight head
ings, he laid down rules lor rigo
rous self - discipline. Buddhists
were forbidden to lie, steal or kill
any living creature, including ani
mals and insects. They were al
lowed to eat only what they could
beg, and then just enough to keep
the body alive and functioning
Buddha said this monastic way
of lile, if earnestly practiced,
would eventually lead to "nir
vana." Exactly w hat he meant bvl
this much-abused term is hard to
determine from his authenticated
sayings At times, he seems to
think of nirvana as a state of
nothingness, a final blotting out ofi
human individuality land hence of
llie sellish cravings which cause
suffcriiig.i At other points, he
speaks of nirvana in terms com
parable In those which a Chris
tian mystic might use to describe
ecstatic union with God.
It is sometimes said that Buddha
was an atheist, because there are
no direct relercnces in his leach
ing to a personal God. But his',
silence on this subject seems- to1
have derived mainly from a de
cision that he would avoid all
theological- "speculations" 'with
which Hinduism was already rifel
and concentrate on teaching a
wav of life.
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Buddhism has no central author-'
ity which could rebuke Vietnamese
monks for un-Buddhist tactics. A,
lack of formal organization is
characteristic of this ancient faith
No one even knows for sure how j
many Buddhists there are in South!
Viet Nam. Estimates range from
20 to 80 per cent of the popula
tion, which totals 15 million.
Buddhism comes in almost as I
many varieties as Christianity. . . . !
counting all of its sects and sub
divisions, including the one called
ien which currently is enjoying
a vogue among Western beatniks.,
there are about 150 million Bud
dhists in the world. The main
centers of Buddhism today are
.Japan, Korea, China, Mongolia,
Tibet, Ceylon. Burma, Thailand,!
Laos, Cambodia and Vict Nam.
There are relatively few Bud- (
dhists in India, where the religion'
originated 2, 500 years ago as an
offshoot of Hinduism.
Its founder was an enormously
wealthy Indian prince. Siddhar
tha Guatama, who was born about
5110 B.C. in a northern province
about 100 miles from Benares.
Legend says Guatama had three
palaces and 40,000 dancing girls
to amuse him. But he learned
early in life that luxury did not
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MODERN WIRING
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Modern electric appliances and clean electric heat make life easier and more
pleasant for thousands of families in this area. But many homes even new
ones are not properly wired to meet the demands of modern electric living!
CalOre Electrical League heating and wiring contractors
again can pay you for a limited time to install modern
wiring and clean electric heat in your home, new or old!
WE WILL PAY YOU A MOO. BONUS ALLOWANCE
if you install a 200-ampere service entrance panel and mod
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vide for electric range, electric water heater and electric
washer nd dryer.
THIS ALLOWANCE MEANS THAT YOU CAN INSTALL A TRULY MODERN
ELECTRIC SERVICE ENTRANCE IN YOUR HOME AT A GREAT SAYING.
HOW TO QUALIFY FOR THIS BONUS ALLOWANCE
Allowances will be mad only on pcrmonent instollotiorw
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5 ond November 5, 1963) (3) hove their heating ond wiring
thereto installed by authorized ColOre Electrical League
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heoting or wiring contractors displaying the CalOre Electrical
League Emblem.
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