EPSON IN WASHINGTON . .
Yugoslavia Offered
Fifty Million Bucks
PAGE
HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falls, Oregon
Monday, August 26, 1963
At Bay Maybe
What Price Life?
Are you cnclincd to yawn when someone
mentions safety?
Are you getting a little fed up with all
these plugs for seat belts and all these pleas
for more common sense, caution and courtesy
on the highway?
Then your attention is respectfully direct
ed to a booklet called "Accident Facts" an
annual production of the National Safety
Council.
; The 1963 edition is just off the press. It
isn't intended to be a best seller. But even
the most hardened horror story fans will find
it a real thriller. For the figures it contains
are enough to curdle the blood of anyone who
has even a slight regard for human life and
limb.
Does it shock you to know that in 1962
in the civilized, humanitarian country of
America, civilized Americans killed them
selves and their victims at the incredible rate
of 11 an hour, 265 a day, 97,000 a year
purely by accident?
Does it surprise you to learn that anoth
er 9,800,000 Americans were injured?
Are you concerned, Mr. Taxpayer, that
this mass mayhem as needless as it was hor
rible cost 15'a billion dollars?
What do you think would have happened
if a tornado, flood, famine or epidemic had
taken this toll? Plenty.
What do you think happened this time?
The public gave out with a big fat yawn
and said in effect, "How terrible! Why
doesn't somebody do something about it?"
A good question, except that too often it
comes from the very person who should be
providing the answer the private citizen,
the man in the street.
Who can best prevent an accident? The
person who can cause one the driver, the
pedestrian, the worker, the householder.
How? By getting excited over the acci
dent toll. By demanding legislative action
that will reduce it. By using more and here
it comes again by using more common sense,
caution and courtesy behind the wheel.
And we might well start with courtesy.
Is it worth trying? Or is human life too
cheap to bother with?
The 'Civil Rights' Debate
(The Christian Science Monitor)
It is time to begin to rehabilitate a word
that has taken a great deal of beating. The
word is "discrimination." For it will take
discrimination to discern what parts of Pres
ident Kennedy's so-called civil rights progTam
the United Slates is ready for and what parts
it is not ready for.
; It is very true that the country in gen
eral condemns what Attorney General Ken
nedy calls "the moral outrage of racial dis
crimination." But there are practical limits
to what can and cannot be done about it in
one session of Congress. They are limits of
wisdom as well as of constitutional processes.
Five of the seven sections of the proposed
omnibus bill could be accepted readily by a
great majority of citizens and probably of con
gressmen. The most important section deals
with the right to vote, which Robert Kennedy
accurately says, "is in the long run the most
fundamental right of all."
Other acceptable sections would facilitate
the carrying out of school desegregation,
create a community relations service, extend
the life of the .Commission on Civil Rights,
and make permanent the Committee on Equal
Employment Opportunity.
The portion, however, on which the ad
ministration now lays greatest emphasis is the
portion newest to legislative discussion and
most full of unexplored legal difficulties.
This section, "Title II," deals not actually
with civil rights but with regulation of private
ly owned places of public accommodation
hotels, restaurants, and the like.
This regulation would be undertaken
under the interstate commerce clause, which,
it is true, has already been used as the basis
for federal legislation on monopolies, mini
mum wages and labor relations. The proposed
bill would, in the Attorney General's words,
apply to establishments "serving interstate,
travelers or affecting interstate movement of
goods."
This would be a very broad definition.
Some large motel chains might welcome the
support of a law in desegregating their facili
ties. But how to distinguish between these
and what Senator Aiken calls the "Mrs. Mur
phy's boardinghouses" or the "mom and pop"
hamburger stands is not easy in law. It will
take a lot of hard legislative drafting work
as well as criteria which may be developed
in the course of extended hearings.
There is great value in bringing this sub
ject to debate under the focus of national at
tention. But it would be unfortunate if a
deadlock on it should prevent enactment of
the voting rights section or aid in the form
of a community conciliation service. If a fed
eral law on public accommodations is needed
it will be more soundly formulated if given
more than one congressional session.
Maybe the administration is willing to
have these sections separated before legisla
tion reaches the floor of the Senate. It is to
be hoped that this is true. Otherwise, insist
ence on the public accommodations title of an
omnibus bill might force a test on the wrong
issue and get a wrong answer.
HOLMES ALEXANDER
Treaty-Makers Talk War
By IIOLMKS ALEXANDER
Newton's famous Law of rhys
ics ro:ghly: for every action
there is an equal reaction in Die
opposite direction has begun to
operate in committee discussion
of the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.
There is now as much discus
sion of war as Uiere is of peace:
as much 6lress on armament as
there Is disarmament.
Tor example, when the third
of the .Administration's first 'our
witnesses Rusk, McNamara
and Taylor warned against
"euphoria" Senator Aiken sent
an aide to fetch him a diction
ary. The Webster definition is
"A sense of well-beinR and buoy
ancy." But before Aiken (who
raised his hand like a schoolboy I
could impart this information to
the Foreign Iielations Commit
tee, Senator Mansfield, a privalc
lifc professor, had given his own
definition: a let-down.
Anyhow, the Secretary of Slate,
the Secretary of Defense and tlie
Chairman of Ihe Joint Chiefs of
Staff have all come out against
it. The Administration, although
pushing the Treaty as a historic
"first step" toward peace and dis
armament, was hedging. It want
ed the American people and Con
gress to believe in the Treaty
but not very much.
There followed some swift and
shifty prophecy of war. Mans,
field pressed General Taylor to
say that the Sino-Soviet rift would
more probably widen than heal.
The Montana progessor ranged
back to the 161 h Century to fchow
how Uie Czars had captured Chi
nese territory. He ranged into the
future, to show that China's pop
ulation explosion could bring a
norUiward (h ive to recapture the
lost provinces in Asiatic Russia.
Taylor agreed. But it appears
that Administration witnesses will
agree with anything to gain Con
gressional approbation. When
Mansfield finished with the wit
ness, Aiken got Taylor to agree
that the Red Chinese would be
just as likely In move southward
against neutralist India and some
of our SEATO allies. Thus, within
two minutes Red China had "at
tacked" both her Communist part
ner and Ihe Krec World.
It was war all over Ihe map.
an ironic side-result of a hearing
on limited disarmament. Mean
while the Senate Preparedness
Subcommittee, meeting simultan
eously and secretly, unanimously
adopted an ami-disarmament
resolution offered by Senator Jack
son. The Subcommittee called up
on the Joint Chiefs to mako an
official acknowledgement of "dis
advantages and risks" in the
treaty and to supplement their
testimony by naming "specific
. . , safeguards" that would:
t. Assure the continuance of
"comprehensive, aggressive" un
derground test programs for new
and refined nuclear weapons.
2. Assure the continuance of nu
clear laboratory programs that
would "attract and retain" the
best scientific brains for weapons
making. 3. Assure tlie readiness to re
sume atmospheric testing on tlie
clear assumption that Russia does
not intend to abide by Uie Treaty
for very long.
4. Improve the capability of
delecting Russian cheating ami
Chinese testing.
All this, of course, :-!vws Sen
ate skepticism both of the Kenne
dy Administration and of Uie Rus
sian partners in this pcace-scck-ing
venture. There hasn't been so
much warlike and distrustful dia
logue since last summer when
these same Russians began invad
ing the Western Hemisphere and
Ihis same Administration began
denying thai it wasn't true.
Al
manac
Ry t ailed Press International
Today is Monday. Aug. 26. the
2.'!8lh day of I9ti3 with 127 to
follow.
The moon is approaching its
first quarter.
The morning star is Jupiter.
Tlie evening stars arc Mais
ami Saturn.
On this day in history:
In 188S. Tchaikowsky completed
his Fifth Symphony.
In l'.CO, Uie Utth Amendment
giving women Die right to
vote went into effect.
In 1034. Adolf Hitler said he
wanted peace with France and
demanded the return of tlie Saar
to Germany.
In l!H8. Axis Sally i Mildred
Elizabeth Gill.irs' was flown Ui
the I'nitcd States to face charges
of espionage and treason (or
wartime broadcasts for Germany.
A thought for the day: British
novelist A I d o u s Huxley sa'd.
"There is no substitute for talent.
Industry and all tlie virtues arc
of no avail."
9S
IN WASHINGTON
ixon Rides Again?
By RALPH dc TOLEDANO
At every turn here in Wash
ington a reasonably alert report
er hears the question: "What's
Dick Nixon up to'.'" So far, there
are no definitive answers. But
there are enough signs to suggest
that the former vice president has
talked himself out of his pledge
to Pat. his wife, that he would
henceforward slay out of politics.
It takes very little political
savvy to figure out that if a dead
lock develops at the convention
in San Francisco, come 1(1114, Mr.
Nixon will be perhaps the only
choice left for the Republican
Par t y. The professionals have
been scrutinizing Gov. George
Romncy of Michigan and Gov.
William Scranton of Pennsyl
vaniaand they have arrived at
a modified "thumbs down" con
clusion. This leaves Richard Nixon. He
would be acceptable to the East
ern liberal wing of the GOP
whose kingmakers chose him in
I960. Ho would not antagonize
many of tlie Midwest conserva
tives and might even be palatable
to a substantial number of South
ern delegates. After all. he car
ried some states of the Old Con
federacy with pluralities higher
than those of Dwight D. Eisen
hower. If neither Sen. Barry
G o 1 d w a t e r nur Gov. Nelson
Rockefeller can make it, why not
Mr. Nixon?
As one veteran professional
said to me, "Well, why not?
Dick came w ithin 112.0(10 votes of
making it last time. He's slill got
friends and supporters around
the country. Sure, he and some
of those closest to him in the last
few years have antagonized a
lot of important people. But the
average county chairman doesn't
know this. Most Republican work
ers don't know about the people
he fast-brushed in 1'JtiO and 1962.
With proper management and
proper coaching, we could make
it for Dick."
A month ago. this man would
have hooted at the idea of a
Nixon ticket in 1904. Something
has happened.
Far more solid evidence can be
found in the actions of the Cali
fornia Republican delegation to
the Congress. Out of the blue, it
STRICTLY
PERSONAL
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
The man on the beach was talk
ing to his teen-age son about "rea
son," and the need to follow the
rule of reason in one's life. I
could not help overhearing what
he said: it was clear, simple,
logical and true as far as it went.
But it did not go far enough.
As he spoke, I recollected a love
ly line from one of Santayana's
books, in which the philosopher
said: "Reason in my philosophy
is only a harmony among irra
I ional impulses."
This is precisely what the fath
er left out: "harmony among ir
rational impulses." The man was
trying to be more reasonable than
a human being can he and thai
road leads only lo tyranny i wit
ness the French Revolution' or in
dividual breakdown (an insane
person is the most relentlessly
reasonable of all. once you accept
his first premise1.
What is most valuable among
Freud's discoveries and ultimate
ly much more so than the cur
rent overemphasis on sexuality
is his exposure to tlie light of our
irrational impulses, of Ihe blind
and sometimes demonic forces
that compel us lo repeat our child
hood patterns of relating to others
and to ourselves.
Reason is not. as the ancients
thought, the power to think logical
ly, while rigorously expelling all
mind. Rather, it is tlie rare abil
ity to accept and understand such
irrational feelings, and to make
them work in harmony with one
another, instead of in conflict.
Tins is the task of the mature
human ego to deal out even-handed
justice both to tlie dictates of
reality and to the infantile needs
that persists within us. And the
dangerous paradox of "reasonable
ness" is that, inevitably, it leads
lo severe repression ol our in
stinctual needs and makes us wild
ly irrational in our doleiisc of
"reason."
Parents of this type most of
ten (ail to understand Ihcir chil
dren, because the parents have
"grown up" mi only one direc
tion. They are responsible, pru
dent, rational, in terms ot the so
cial roles they play but they
have, at the same time, not grow n
up enough to reach a harmony
among their irrational impulses.
They push back and deny such
impulses (except when they drink)
and therefore resent them in their
children.
To know that one is incomplete,
imperfect, irrational, at times
dominated by childishly wicked
wislies. is to be truly rational. To
pretend otherw ise is the height of
folly. It is no accident that the
greatest tragedies of history have
been committed by men who (ol
lowed an utterly "reasonable"
goal, which led tliem to the blood
iest depths of lanaticism. Denying
the child within us is the surest
path to monsterism.
has begun lo maneuver to pre
vent the state's convention dele
gation from being committed to
cither Governor Rockefeller or
Senator Goldwater. The plan,
which will require careful in-fighting
back home if it is to succeed,
calls for a convention delegation
w h i c h, completely "uncom
mitted," will be in the hands of
California Republicans still firm
ly loyal to Richard Nixon.
If the Nixon forces can sew up
delegation and reportedly they
have the former vice president's
permission to try, just so long as
they don't involve him then it
will be a step toward creating
the atmosphere and the statistical
base for a deadlock. There is one
major miscalculation to the plan:
New Hampshire.
It was there Lliat Mr. Nixon
w as able to crush the movement of
Republican liberals to dump him
in 1956. The write-in vote for him
was so great that even the most
doctrinaire could not ignore it.
New Hampshire will be the first
primary battleground in 1964.
All signs today point to a real
Goldwater victory. But even if
Governor Rockefeller should take
the state, the effect will be
roughly tlie same in California.
There will be a front runner,
- w hoever he may be, tested at the
polls. No California voter will be
able to ignore that simple fact.
The question therefore arises:
Will Dick Nixon be able to mar
shal enough strength in what
was once his home slate to fore
close the chances of the New
Hampshire winner?
Even to home staters. Califor
nia politics can be pretty baff
ling. And Mr. Nixon has been
known to pull more than one rab
bit out of his battered electoral
hat. Therefore, no one will make
any flat predictions. But both sig
nificant and interesting are tlie
first Iwitchings of the Nixon phoe
nix which may yet rise up Irom
its own ashes.
Having known Dick Nixon well
and long. 1 have net the slightest
doubt Uiat he would like to hit
tlie comeback trail. He is a politi
cal man who is lost when he is
out of the battle. In what will un
doubtedly be the zanicst election
year in decades, his activities
w ill add one more note of interest
lor press and public.
BERRY'S WORLD
By PETER EDSOX
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON (N'E.M - The
crowning event of Agriculture Sec
retary Orville L. Freeman's trip
to Europe, just concluded, was
not his presentation of an Indian
peace pipe to Khrushchev, who
doesn't smoke.
It was, unquestionably. Free
man's offer to Yugoslavia's Pres
ident Tito of $50 million in Unit
ed Slates aid for earthquake re
lief in Skopje.
It isn't olten that even a cabinet
member gets to gie away $50 mil
lion all in a bunch. But this was
such a routine operation for our
government that it got only brief
mention.
The money wasn't in good Amer
ican dollars. It was in Yugoslav
dinars, worth 750 to the dollar
w ith few takers. The U.S. govern
ment owned these particular din
ars, however. It had banked them
in Yugoslavia, but didn't know
what to do with them.
The play was that the United
Stales had "sold" Yugoslavia U.S.
w heat and other agricultural prod
ucts for dinars. These surplus
crops had originally cosl the U.S.
government and the taxpayers
real hard money as part of the
price support program.
The U.S. government simply ex
changed the surplus foodstuffs for
surplus dinars, which could be
banked w ithout storage costs. Now
it oilers to turn over about half
of its surplus dinars for earth
quake relief.
Marshal Tito accepted the gift
as soon as it was offered and
sent thanks to President Kennedy
and the American people by Sec
retary Freeman.
Half of the $50 million is a gift,
halt a long term loan, the condi
tions of which have not yet been
worked out.
There is no question the aid is
needed. Half of Skopje's 170.000
population was left homeless, the
dead may number 2.000. the in
jured many more.
Just after the earthquake hit
Skopje July 20. President Ken
nedy instructed Defense Secretary
Robert S. McNamara lo have
American military forces in Eu
rope give what assislance they
could. A U.S. Army evacuation
field hospital with staff of 200 doc
tors and medical corpsmen waj
I town in.
On Aug. 5 Frank M. Coffin,
deputy administrator of the Agen
cy For International Development,
called a conference of seven top
assistants in his State Department
office to review what had been
done and to see what additional
aid might be needed.
Herbert Waters, AID assistant
for material resources, reported
on the food, government excess
properly and voluntary private re
lief agency assistance that was
available.
Red Cross, for instance, had
immediately cabled $10,000 to Yu
goslav Rod Cross for emergency
aid. It also had donated 20 tons
of relief, flown in by Air Force
transports.
The supplies included 6,001) blan
kets, clothing, $57,000 worth of
medicine and $30,000 worth of peni
cillin, donated by a pharmaceu-
tical house that wanted no public
ity. By Aug. 7, Coffin was able U)
report that 3.000 tons of food, 7.400
blankets. 1,400 sleeping bags and
295 12-man tents were on the way.
The Army also sent in a water
engineer, Charles Potts, to super
vise purification of drinking wa
ter for prevention of epidemics.
Coffin then made a tentative de
cision to make the $50 million in
U.S. surplus dinars available for
reconstruction in a city where 85
per cent of the homes were de
stroyed. Two housing experts, Edgar P.
Zimmerman of Red Cross and
Richard Knight of AID were sent
to survey the damage.
The $50 million offer was re
ferred to an interdcparlmental
committee from State Treasury,
Agriculture, Bureau of the Budg
et and Food For Peace office
in tlie While House.
The proposal also was trans
mitted to tlie chairmen of House
and Senate committees on Foreign
Affairs and Agriculture for their
information, because Congress has
been cold and critical of more aid
for Yugoslavia.
When approval had been ob
tained from all agencies con
cerned, the decision was made to
have Secretary Freeman trans
mit the offer, since he already
was in Yugoslavia and since Am
bassador George F. Keniian had
resigned his jiost.
WASHINGTON REPORT . .
British Guiana Gets
Aid From Commies
"At a stockboUer in your motor company, 1 would
like to know more about tbii rumored
Auitiu-Ford mergerV
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
It was almost two years ago
that John Kennedy received an
urgent letter from an old family
friend.
Paul D. Rust, a lifelong Demo
crat and confidant of Franklin
Delano Roosevelt, had just re
lumed from six weeks in British
Guiana, a Utah-sized colony on
tlie northeast coast of South
America.
He warned tlie President that
Cheddi Jagaii. who two months
earlier had been elected prime
minister, was a dedicated Com
munist out lo establish for the
Kremlin its first South American
beachhead.
Six weeks later, Mr. Rust re
ceived an answer, not from the
President, who was busy, but
Irom Arthur Schlesinger Jr.,
White House assistant. He ac
knowledged that "British Guiana
presents difficult problems."
He informed Mr. Rust that Ja
gan. in a While House chat with
the President, had "reiterated his
determination to uphold the po
litical freedoms and defend the
parliamentary democracy which
is his country's fundamental her
itage." Schlesinger spelled out a
lour-point program of foreign aid
for .lagan.
A While House task force was
sent to British Guiana, headed
by a West Virginia newsman who
had no experience ill the field.
The group spent months in .la
gan's land and came back with a
lop-secret rexrt that gathers
dust in White House tiles. It has
never been released.
For political reasons '.lagan
had subsequently admitted his
Communist loyalties President
Kennedy cancelled foreign aid
for British Guiana. But nothing
at all was done to aid .lagan's
local ami-Communist opposition.
A pretty, dark-haired native o.'
British Guiana arrived in Wash
ington tlie other day. Bringing
wnh her some significant docu
ments. Anne Jaidim is a mem
ber of .lagan's Senalc. She went
to the Stale Department w 1 1 h
documentary evidence that Sonet
Kinds are flowing mlo .lagan's
regime by way of Cuba.
Utlkials there gae Senator
.I.ii dim a pohte brushoff on the
grounds she was a member of the
.lagan opposition.
l-.iler that day. Senator Jaidim
appeared at a press coherence
sponsored by tlie Citizens Com
niittee lor a Free Cuba. She ol
Icred reporters photostatic copies
of a bank draft of $1,000,000
drawn on tlie Banco Nacional de
Cuba, made payable to the Jagan
front.
Also displayed were three bank
drafts payable to Jagan's Peo
ple's Progressive Party and
drawn on Barclay's Bank, a Brit
ish institution. They were made
out by the Ministry ot Education
in Moscow and totaled $127,958.
One of the most interesting doc
uments presented by Senator Jar
dim was a letter written to Er
nesto "Che" Guevara and signed
by one of Jagan's aides.
It reads in part: "Presently the
progressive Socialist Government
of Guiana is under strong attack
by domestic reactionaries who
are largely financed by United
States and British imperalists."
Tlie letter informed Guevara
that Jagan was working to "at-"
lain peaceful transition to Social
ism." To that end. it said, Jagan
had set up a special school oul
sidc Georgetown, the capital,
"for training and indoctrinating
the rural youth along progressive
lines."
"Most important of all."
wrote Jagan's aide. "I need a
man here to establish and main
lam close communication between
this movement and Cuba."
Reports from British Guiana
indicate Jagan has built 80 air
strips from which small planes
(ly supplies to Communist gueril
las in Venezuela and Brazil.
In July, Fidel Castro dis
patched to Jagan an "air and
traffic control mission" consist
ing of la pilots and radio me
chanics. They disappeared into
the interior where they have been
hard at work building additional
landing fields.
THEY
SAY...
You've got to stav busv and
stay abreast of tlie times. Times
moe ahead. There's nothing to
be g a i n e d sitting back remi
niscing. Rep. Carl Vinson. D-Ga.,
In his 30th year as a congress,
man.
Pakistan is completely satisfied
lii.it China has no sinister de
signs in tins region and is. in (act,
eager to solve all her problems
with hvr neighbors peacefully.
Sunday Morning News nf Ka
rachi, Pakistan.
7' 'F . Tl K