PAGE f
HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falls. Oregon
Sunday, August 15, 196)
Beauty and the Beast
NOTHING
SPECIAL
W. B. S.)
Tax Referral Not A Disaster
It is rather difficult to join in the hand
wringing that is going on (and has been)
around the state because of the pending re
ferral of the tax bill that resulted from the
past legislative assembly.
From indications, one is almost safe in
assuming that the referral effort will be suc
cessful. If so, we will probably see a special
session of the legislature to whip out a new
tax bill. It might be that the governor has
power to slash the budget the necessary $60
million or so to put the budget in balance.
The latter seems hardly likely but it could
happen.
Several of the state's most effective lobby
groups have gone on record as opposing the
referral, and most of the state's lead papers
have editorialized strongly in opposition to
the effort. Why?
One of the principal objections pointed
out is that a successful referral would mean
a special session to write a tax bill. The same
people, the reasoning goes, that took 141 days
during the regular session to write a tax bill
would go back to Salem for another try, which
would be equally unsuccessful.
Well, why not? We would hope that be
fore the legislature meets enough votes could
be pledged to hold the session to considering
nothing more than a tax bill. If legislature
leaders stand firm, we're certain this agree-'
ment would come.
It has been stated that a special session
would result in a tax bill worse than the one
we now have going into effect Jan. 1. It hardly
seems possible a worse tax bill could result.
Even those who oppose the referral agree
that the present bill is a bad one.
We hear so often the cry that unless
taxes are increased, the state will be forced
to forego "vital services." Well, what "vital
services" are the people demanding? Simply
because Governor Hatfield and his staff, and
a few legislators say that the people "demand"
A
In recent years pipe smokers have been
identifiable by their smugness; their assur
ance that lung cancer was not for them has
lent a certain odium to a habit that once
was thought to be rather distinguished.
But now the word is that they can start
looking anxious, like everybody else. A scien
tist has found that while the pipe addict may
HOLMES
By HOLMES ALEXANDER
Senator Bourke llickenloopcr, a
senior and essential Republican in
the Nuclear Test Ran Treaty de
bate, has in his possession Vol
ume 78, Part One, Congressional
Record a 29-year-old document of
historic pertinence, to the latest
can-we-trust-Uussia debate.
Back in 1(133 President Roose
velt used his executive authority
to recognize Soviet Russia. Tho
Congress hod nothing to do with
this decision, but In January, 1934,
after Roosevelt nominated William
Christian Bullitt to be Ambassador
to Hie USSR, the Senate assumed
the same advise-and-conscnt re
sponsibility that it now has in the
Nuclear Treaty.
The late Senator Vandonbcrg
R., Mich.) did just what llicken
loopcr has now done. Both these
Republican members o( the For
eign Relations committee demand
ed to sec the correspondence be
tween the President and Russian
negotiators. Roosevelt did submit
the letters in question. President
Kennedy at this writing has not
complied. The Congressional Rec
ord, now in llickcnlooer's
possession (and read by me', con
tains the Rooscvclt-Lilvinoff cor
respondence which was the subject
of debate in January, 1934, dur
ing the second session of I lie 73rd
Congress. 'Only Ihree Senators
Harry Byrd, Ilayden and Russell
have careers that span the three
turbulent decades.
Vandenberg told the Senate thai,
while not certain he'd have vot
ed for recognition, he felt con.
strained (o agree that we should
send an Ambassador now that
certain services doesn't make the claim sacro
sanct. It docs seem apparent that higher edu
cation would be damaged if the full $60 mil
lion cut were to be made in the budget. Prob
ably welfare services would be slashed.
But, would it be necessary to cut $60 mil
lion out of the budget? We say no. It appears
that there are $25 million or so in budgeted
items for various state agencies that wouid
not be used during the present biennium.
That money could be re-allocated. If laws have
to be passed to get at this money, let the
special session pass appropriate laws.
We definitely feel that the higher educa
tion budget got a good going over in the reg
ular session, and it appears that most of the
requests for funds are justified. But there is
quite some question involved in the necessity
for $141 million item for state aid to school
districts. That could be cut, and if local school
districts feel they want to conduct special ed
ucation programs, let the people of that dis
trict support those programs with property
taxes.
No, we can't get too scared of the actions
of the "people." If they want to vote out the
legislature's tax effort, more power to them.
The legislature too often bows to the pressure
of lobby groups which profess to be repre
sentative of the desires of the people. The
people, too often, are not aware of what is
going on until somebody takes a whack at
their pocketbook. When they wake up it is too
often too late. This time it isn't.
We would like to see the governor and his
staff and the legislators find out from the peo
ple just what "services" they "demand" and
develop a program based on that expression.
Or, if the demand is there, develop a sound
tax program based on the same information.
Maybe the legislators could forget the
lobbying of the labor union leaders long
enough to write a sales tax bill that would
go far to straighten out all of our tax problems.
Smirk Erased
not get cancer, he and his friend with the
cigar are much more subject to another nox
ious by-product of tobacco than the man with
a cigarette. The scientist doesn't know just
yet what this substance does to people, but
he feels confident it can't be good.
Pretty soon it won't be safe to have any
bad habits.
ALEXANDER . . .
Senators And The Treaty
the correspondence was before
the Senate.
"But," he added, "I should
have declined to proceed in Uie ah.
sence ol these all-controlling docu
ments." We shall sec in a moment why
VandcnlxMg believed, as Hickcn
Inoper does today, such documents
to be "all-controlling" in the Sen
ate's decision to ratify the Presi
dent's action. But first, let's note
that Vandenberg was acting from
vigilance, not (mm fear, in this
early dealing with Soviet Russia.
"I want to make it perfectly
plain," said Vandenberg, "thai
I am not in the slightest degree
fearful of any raid by commu
nism on America . . , But (car
does not need to precede vigilance.
I have been raised on the theory
that vigilance is the price of lib
erty. Therefore, it has seemed to
me that complete, cllective and
conclusive dotense against the
inliltration in Americ.i by subver
sive propaganda was a prere
quisite to any relationships of an
otficial nature with Moscow."
Vandenberg, a little loo over
conlidcnt of his country in one
respect, said he agreed with
Stalin that communism could not
lie exported to America, yet he
insisted that the Senate see for
itself what pledges were given.
The key pledges were contained
in a letter, dated Washington.
Nov. IB. 1933, Irom People's Com
missar for Foreign Aflairs Maxim
Litvinoff to FDR. It reads in its
substantial part:
"Dear Mr. President: 1 have the
honor to inform you that coinci
dent with the establishment of dip
lomatic relationship between our
two governments, it will be the
lixed policy of the government of
the USSR:
"il.t To respect scrupulously
the indisputable right of the U.S.
to order its own life ... in its
own way and lo refrain from in
terference in any manner in the
internal affairs of the U.S. . . .
"i2.i To refrain, and to restrain
all persons . . . from any act.
overt or covert, liable in any way
whatever to injure the tranquility,
prosperity, order and security of
the whole or any part of the
U.S. ...
"13.1 Not lo permit the forma
tion or residence ... of any or
ganization or group . . . which . . .
makes attempt unn ll.e territorial
integrity of the U.S.: not lo lorm.
subsidize, support or permit . . .
groups having the aim of armed
struggles against Hie U.S. . . .
"i..l Not to permit the forma
tion or residence ... of any or
ganization . . . wlucii has as an
aim the overthrow or . . . the
bringing about by lorce ol a
change in tlic political or social
order ol the U.S."
Such was the Soviet Union's sol
emn vow of live-and let-live It
was given to (lie President, the
Senate and tlie American people
at a time when we had relative
ly little experience in Communist
trustworthiness.
But today, after nearly 30 years
n'. Russian perfidy, tlie Senate has
the same question belore it: What
good is any diplomatic arrange
ment with Red Russia?
f A - , - l mwa)$ f
IN WASHINGTON . .
By RALPH de TOLEDANO
There was very little amuse
ment at the White House when
Rep. Melvin R. Laird (R.-Wis.)
came to the defense of the Pres
ident. It was wrong, said Laird,
to criticize President Kennedy be
cause he was sending his daugh
ter to an all-white school. This,
alter all, was consistent with his
rights as a parent.
Representative Laird, of
course, was speaking with tongue
in cheek to point up the "do as I
say, not as I do" piety ot the
Kennedy Dynasty. But he also
made an important point. The
whole question of integration has
been distorted beyond recog
nition by doctrinaire publicists
and ambitious politicians. The
idea was to grant equal rights to
Negroes, not lo make it manda
tory for all Americans to revise
their way of life on pain of ex
communication. Mr. Laird has spoken up on
this aspect of Ihe integration
question before. A large com
pany in his home state has
plants in three towns. It nego
tiated an important defense eon
tract, but at the last minute final
approval was withheld by the
Pentagon. Why? Because in a
Letters To
Inhumanity
I wish lo add to Alice Wilson's
recent letter regarding "Inhu
mane." 1 visited the park just once.
Al
manac
By United Press International
Today is Sunday Aug. 23. the
237th day of 19K3 with 128 to
follow.
Tlie moon is approaching its
first phase.
The morning star is Jupiter.
The evening stars are Mars
and Saturn.
On this day in history:
In 1718, the city of' New Or
leans was founded.
In 1921, the United Slates
signed a peace treaty with Ger
many and officially ended tlie
war with that nation.
In 19-14. U. S. troops liberated
Paris.
In 1950. President Harry Tru
man seized tlie nation's railroads
to prevent a General Strike.
A thought for the day Eng
lish novelist D. II. Lawrence
said; "I never saw a wild thing
sorrv for itself."
QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
Q What is Uie ditfneiue be
tween stalactites and stalagmites '
A The stone formations thai
hang down (nun nulls and roofs
o( raves are slalaclilrs. Those
huilt up Irom Ihr floor are stalag
mites. Q What is a singular (art
about the kiwi bird'
A II lays an egg nnr-lnurth
its nun Wright.
Integration Distorted
questionnaire which must now be
filed by all defense contractors,
the company stated that it em
ployed no Negroes.
Without any investigation, the
contract was held up. The ban
was removed when the company
learned why it had been imposed
and protested that it employed
no Negroes because none lived in
the three towns in which the
plants were located.
Another company, in Ihe same
situation and hoping to avoid
the same trouble, sought to en
tice several Negroes living 35
miles away to come to work for
it. The Negroes liked the jobs
they had and refused the offer.
If the two companies conform
to the new theories now being
promulgated by the federal gov
ernment, the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored
People, the Congress of Racial
Equality, ct al, they will seek
out Negroes in other localities,
then replace some of the towns
people now employed in the of
fending plants.
For civil rights today no long
er mean that school End employ
ment opportunities should go to
the most able, without discrimin
ation because of race or color.
Not at all. The new theory holds
The Editor
When I saw the animals packed
into small pens, pacing back and
forth it was so depressing I never
returned lo be reminded of what
1 saw.
For the pleasure lif one can
call it that) of a few, those poor
animals must suffer.
Unless a large runway could be
allowed those helpless creatures,
why not give them to some zoo
that is able to give them some
thing more like their natural en
vironment? I wish to repeat what Alice
Wilson said, "Man's inhumanity
lo man can only be comparable
to man's inhumanity to these
dumb and helpless creatures."
Louise Good.
235 lcwis Street.
BERRY'S WORLD
"U by don't you just ttll her you'rt Join' lomt
uork for tbt goiernmrnt"
that wherever a situation exists
in which members of one race
are thrown together, the govern
ment must break this up.
In some cities, it is proposed
that it be done by mathematical
equation: No school would have
more than 50 per cent of its stu
dents Negro. If it were necessary
to transport white and Negro stu
dents for long distances every
day in order to obey the 50 per
cent rule, then this would be or
dered. This is not what the framcrs
ot the Bill of Rights or the Four
teenth Amendment had in mind.
And it docs no good to either
Negroes or whites. If integration
is to become a natural pattern in
this country, then it must be done
without imposing all kinds of ar
tificial constraints on the normal
association of the races.
Children have always gone to
the school nearest their homes.
This is good pedagogical practice
and leads to better community
feeling. You play with the boy
or girl who sits next to you in
class. Now, in places like N e w
York, the boy next 'o you may
come from a neighborhood miles
away. On paper, this brings
about speedier integration. In
fact, it slows down the process.
Negro and white live as strang
ers, and it is as strangers that
their antagonisms grow.
The organic growth of a na
tional community not subject to
racial discrimination can only
come about w hen barriers to un
ion membership and job oppor
tunities are lowered and the Ne
gro standard of living rises. The
problem is as economic as it is
social.
But the wild rush lo integrate
everything, whether it makes
sense or not, is merely causing
(rayed tempers on both sides of
the racial fence. Negro leaders
today call the more orderly ap
proach "gradualism" a dirty
word among them. But the pace
of integration has been so stepped
up in the last years that "grad
ualism" has been achieving far
greater results than the more
radical demands of today. This is
something lor Negroes and whites
lo ponder.
Nothing is more depressing than
to come upon the scene of a high
way accident where people are
seriously injured or killed. This is
especially true (for me, anyway)
when there are children involved
either as survivors or the af
fected. Most disheartening is the
cries of a child who is hurt, or
crying over the loss of a mother
or father or close relative in a
car wreck.
Sometimes you get only one
chance. . .
... to put aside your pride
and say, humbly, "I was wrong."
... to accept a shy but sin
cere offer of friendship.
... to hear what a child very
much needs to tell you.
... to explain a misunderstand
ing that, if ignored, would sour
a friendship.
... to defend a person when
slighting remarks are being made
against him.
I suppose every youth in town
is again ready to condemn the
poor old Herald and News fr
dramatizing a news Incident
involving a youth and a million
dollar school fire last Sunday.
The head said: "Youlh Admits
Vandalism!" It was merely a
typo, and Ihe dramatic excla
mation point was meant to be
only a harmless old semicolon.
Actually, I consider myself a
success if I manage to keep my
self in shape to face another day.
It is alarming to note that 41,000
Americans died in traffic acci
dents last year. This was 3,000
more deaths than in 1961. Ex
perts tell us that if Ihe soaring
accident rate continues, it will be
only a few years until traffic
accidents kill 1,000 people a week.
This could point up at least two
principles: alcohol and gas don't
mix, and you have a better
chance of escaping death or se
rious injury if you wear seat
belts.
It's not a man's world any
more no matter how you
cut it. The missile gap, about
which there was considerable dis
cussion a few years ago, ap
parently has ceased to exist, but
the sex gap, which began about
the same time, is widening.
The Census Bureau reports
(hat the sex gap, the excess of
females over males, has in
creased to a point where there
are 3,100,000 more wyimen than
men in Ihe United States. In
last year's estimated population
Other Editors' Opinions . . .
Treaties Fare Well In Senate
By NEAL STANFORD
In The Christian Science Monitor
There are really two debates
going on in Washington as the Sen
ate considers the three-power nu
clear test-ban treaty signed in
Moscow.
One is over the treaty itself
with the Constitution requiring
that "two-thirds of the senators
present concur" before the Presi
dent can ratify the treaty.
The other is over this constitu
tional provision, whether it is wise,
necessary, and useful. Inciden
tally this debate is revived almost
every time a treaty goes to the
Senate for its "advise and con
sent." but particularly when it is
a major and important treaty, as
is this one.
In the past, and again today,
one can hear the arguments that
the number of senators needed
for ratification should be reduced
to a majority. In the early days
of the republic John Hay told
Henry Adams that under the two
thirds rule he didn't believe a real
ly important treaty would ever
pass the Senate. President Wood
row Wilson, who saw the Senate
reject the Versailles Treaty after
World War 1 bitterly referred to
this rule as the Senate's "treaty
marring" power.
Other proposals have asked thai
the House be given a voice in
treaty approval, and even that it
be given sole authority to approve.
Actually the treatment of treat
ies by the Senate has not been so
bad. Of the 1.357 treaties submit
ted to Ihe Senate since 1789 that
body has approved without any
qualifications 944 or roughly 70
per cent. It has only rejected 14
outright, though many have been
modified by reservations and un
derstandings. Of the actual rejections there
have been only two in this cen
tury, tlie Treaty of Versailles re
jected in 1920. and a St. Law
rence deep-waterway treaty with
Canada rejected in 1934 nearly 30
years ago. However. 20 years after
the Senate had rejected this trea
ty, tlie Congress authorized the
seaway through regular legisla
tion. This u.-e of executive agree
ments to civile to terms with oth
er powers is a debatable point.
There is no exact legal formula
detailing what should be submit
ted to tiie Senate in the form of
a treaty and what can be done
through executive agreements.
of 183.8 million, there were only
96.7 men for every 100 women.
Speaking of women, how about
the Madison, Wis., homemaker?
She was asked to list her occu
pation when applying for a dri"
er's license. She filled the blank
with a list that included mother,
maid, cook, dishwasher, window
washer, pet tenderer, ironer, furni
ture polisher, painter and a doz
en other functions. Then she add
ed, "This is only a partial list,
but I hope it will be sufficient."
A newspaper questionnaire on
what readers desire to see in their
hometown daily brought this in
teresting response:
" My name.
A front page article showing
how crooked tlie government is
most of the time.
" My wife's name.
" A feature article showing 35
ways on how to cheat on income
tax forms.
' My kids' names.
A local news item about the
affair my neighbor is having.
A classified offering of a new
home for sale for $4,000.00.
More news about law-breakers.
Less news about law-breakers.
I was picked up last night and I
should not have to pay a fine.
An editorial condemning high
school teacher for being too liberal
with "F's."
" A wedding picture of the
groom instead of the bride when he
is more handsome than she is pretty-
A sports picture of me when
I bowled 183.
" More advertisements on Ihings
that merchants are giving away.
" A front page picture of my
neighbor being hauled out of the
bar by his wife.
A front page spread about
the dcadbeat who lives across the
street from me who just had
his car repossessed.
Forget the lasl one. I just got
word from the finance company
that they're coming after my car.
More letters to the editor nam
ing the crooks we have in town.
" A full page of local news, a
page of national news, several
pages of sports and comics, one
page on divorces, and three pages
on all the domestic troubles we
are having in town.
Less stuff about how cule ev
erybody else's kids are. My kids
are better looking than those you
rave about.
" A complete biographical
sketch about the "most important
citizen in town." and be sure that
you spell my name right.
The latter are widely used in
trade and foreign aid deals with
foreign governments. . The "hot
line" communications wire recent
ly set up between Washington and
Moscow was done by executive
agreement.
The Constitution does not re
quire a Senate roll-call in voting
on a treaty. However 10 years ago
the Senate leadership adopted an
informal rule requiring roll calls,
after complaints that treaties and
constitutional amendments were
sometimes being approved with
only a handful of senators present-as
little as two!
While the Senate does not often
reject a treaty outright-only 1
per cent of those submitted it
does have alternatives.
By majority vote it can write
a "reservation" to a treaty that
can make it innocuous. If Uie
reservation is serious enough it
may be necessary to renegotiate,
the treaty.
Or the Senate can qualify tlie
treaty in a less formal way. It
can approve a treaty w ith an "un
derstanding" of its intent. This
may be a clarifying statement,
but it can also be a qualifying
one, and if it qualifies or restricts
the contents of the treaty enough
it can also turn it into quite a
different document from that ne
gotiated. A study of the history of Sen
ate action on treaties shows that,
as mentioned, 70 per cent of the
1.357 submitted to the Senate have
been approved; also that 18 per
cent, or 252 have been approved
with reservations or understand
mss; that 133 have been rejected
or were never finally acted on.
Twenty-eight treaties are still
pending.
Ust year, incidentally, the Sen
ate unanimously approved eight
treaties, none of transcendent Im
portance. One. for example, had
to do with a chance in the North
west Atlantic Fisheries Convention
as it concerned mollusks.
It has not turned out to be
true. then, as John Hay. when Sec
retary of State, remarked: " . . .A
treaty entering the Senate is like
a bull going into the arena. No
one can say just how or w hen the
final blow will fall. But one thing
is certain-it will never leave the
arena alive."
A treaty going before (he Sen
ate may have a lough lime, but
its prospects of approval are good
despite the two-thirds rule