5 ;
: : herald anojfrtos
I Rocky Gambles On New Posture
No political forecaster is daring to say
whether or not New York's Gov. Nelson
Rockefeller has a really strong chance of re
couping his springtime losses in the fight for
the 1964 GOP presidential nomination. But the
governor himself is not waiting for the tides
to change.
" In recent weeks he has taken a militant
stand for powerful civil rights legislation and
for expressions on this score from the gover
nors who assembled In July in Miami Beach
for their annual conclave.
Fundamentally, this represents no shift
for Rockefeller. But in much of his political
Utterance from mid-1962 until the time of his
remarriage In May, he seemed to play down
his advocacy of civil rights action as he ap
pealed for conservative Republican support.
- Evidently he has decided that the con
servative surge to the candidacy of Arizona's
Sen. Barry Goldwater largely undercuts his
: own earlier efforts in the conservative ranks.
; ; He is acting like a man who has not thore
! By yielded his presidential hopes but who has
; concluded they now may lie only in a course
I ranging from middle of the road to progress
; iyism.
: He is betting there are still enough pow
erful Republicans, especially in the big indus
trial states who, in the final test, will seek
such a candidate as he rather than the avow
edly conservative Goldwater. Their argument
would be, as so often before, that only a mid
Castro's
(Das Moines, Iowa, Register)
; Cuban Premier Fidel Castro has now
made in Russia the point that Soviet Pre
mier Nikita Khrushchev has been making
since the crisis with the United States last
October. This point is that Khrushchev saved
Castro's Marxist-Leninist regime from the
might of the United States, and would do It
again. Khrushchev is still more anxious to get
this point over to Communists, including his
critics in Russia and China.
; For Khrushchev's purpose, it was not
enough to say this himself, while Castro in
Havana muttered in his beard about the in-'
dignity of Khrushchev taking the missiles
Out without consulting him. Now Castro has
publicly and personally made Khrushchev's
HOLMES
Man
HOLMES ALEXANDER
Conarcssman Gerald Ford of
j ; gfflj fiii
' Michigan, mid-continent in gcog
! rciphy and mid-conservative In
! politics, gets frequent mention for
; the Republican national ticket of
; 1064. His national image ia a lit
. tie too dim at the moment for
presidential likelihood, but lie
conceivably could run In second
place for Barry Goldwater, Nel
son Rockefeller, Tom Kuchcl or
Gen. Lucius Clay. Ho would do
'; credit to any ticket.
"l Just turned 60, a balding, onc
I; time blond football star and box
ing coach, Gerry Ford, In the role
ot a national candidate, would
represent a trend that began in
i960. Three years ago, both par
ties left the old presidential sup-
ply sources, which for years had
;'. been the governorships and mili-
tary shrines, and readied into
: the Senate. Kennedy was preferred
i;to Stevenson, Nixon to Rockofcl
'. ler. The Democrats did the in
', credible by fielding two senators,
'. Kennedy and Johnson, despite Uie
T fracture of precedent.
Today, with the Senate gone
; heavily liberal, most of the close
party battles are fought In the
' House, where the Republicans
keep gaining membership, and
gaining quality, despito losing
; governorships, senators and their
I only president since the Great
J Depression.
f Ford camo to Washington from
' Grand Rapids in 1948, when Har-
ry Truman was scuttling Repub
'. lican majorities In both cliam
. hers and in the Gallup polls. A
; Yale Law School graduate and a
; Navy veteran, Ford took the slow
; way upward by Inconspicuous
work on the Appropriations sub
;i rsm'Tv" " "r defrr.oe spending,
f. iKe op, e number of Democrat
(i-orge Mahon whom lie greatly
;! admires.
Ford was nearly always with
the GOP leadership in votes, but
not entirely in lock step with the
' plodding of the Old Guardsmen.
I; lie was part of the youlh movo
'. ment in 1959 which ovcrUirew
'. Joe Martin and installed Charlie
Ilalleck as (lie Republican leader.
; Tlien; this year. Ford himself
rode the surge for a New Breed of
'. party leadership. He unhorsed the
.' elderly Hoeven of Iowa, a Ilalleck
'.-Henchman, and became chairman
Mission To Moscow
point for him in Russia itself.
This would make it harder than ever for
Khrushchev to back down on his promise to
come to Castro's aid if Castro is threatened
once more by military moves staged or assist
ed by the United States.
Those whd urge military moves against
Castro rely upon Khrushchev's backing down.
President Kennedy has to consider the
possibility (1) that Khrushchev might go
through with his threat, and (2) that he
might strike back elsewhere, in places where
Communism has local superiority of power.
This explains the moderation of Kennedy's
' demands, even during the crisis last October,
and the limited nature of the measures he is
taking against the Castro regime now.
ALEXANDER
In The House
of the hitherto moribund Repub
lican Conference.
Since then the conference has
been a garrison post from which
Ford - appointed subcommittees
have made daring raids on a num
ber of rather complacent Demo
cratic positions.
The Hosmer (Calif.) subcom
mittee has hit the Administration
some telling blows on the matter
of detecting nuclear blasts.
Schwengcl of Iowa leads a sub
committee which has awakened
slumbering attention to the scarci
ty of minority staff workers. A
new subcommittee under Guliser
of California is readying a study
of Democratic assumptions on
space spending. An Ad Hoc sub
committee, headed by Poff of Vir
ginia, is reporting on ways to
improve the work of the confer
ence itself.
By marshalling these and oth
er youngish House members.
Ford has become something very
admired on both sides, and in
"We're lemtint btr to
dle roadcr could attract enough Democratic
and independent votes to win the fall election.
Perhaps the big conservative push for
Goldwater left Rockefeller no choice but to
move leftward. Certainly the right has been
quite thoroughly pre-empted by the Arizonan.
However that may be, it is clear from
published indications that the governor is
happier in his present posture. It is his origi
nal one in politics, and he seems most at home
with it.
In his earlier attempts to woo Republi
can conservatives, he managed to make very
few happy. A good many were prepared to ac
cept him as the nominee when they believed
that prospect inevitable, but they were not
real Rockefeller fans. And the wooing cost
him some of his moderate to liberal backing.
Today he is fairly close to being a free
agent. He can fight with the knowledge that
most of the worst probably is behind him
the impact of his remarriage, the liquor scan
dals, his budget troubles.
In the next several months he should
learn whether all this is truly behind him
or riding with him as a dead weight wher
ever he goes.
If the latter is true, then his big political
bet that the center-left is the place to be for
1964 could be a wasted wager. But if his
image is somehow restored, then his gamble
will be watched as one of this decade's most
fascinating political maneuvers.
both parlies, of Capitol Hill a
politician's politician. His rise is
not dissimilar to the ascendency
a few years ago of Sen. Lyndon
Johnson, although without LBJ's
flamboyant and publicity con
scious style.
Fold's economic conservatism
would balance a Rockefeller
ticket, and bolster a Goldwater
ticket, His ideology, while activist
and nationalist, is not doctri
naire. He can see some reason in
bending a principle to make it
lit an historical opportunity
such as invading Cuba at a ripe
m o m e n 1, aiding Yugoslavia to
help split the Communist bloc,
curbing civil rights (in which he
deeply believes) at the point
where they Intrude upon property
rights.
A go-slow, hut go-forward prod
uct of the postwar House, Ford is
one of many Republicans who arc
w illing to march, but not to stam
pede, toward the betterment of
his country and party.
Varh to study trench!"
PAGE I
HERALD
WASHINGTON
wS-. 4 r )
SA Riotous Education?
By THE WASHINGTON STAFF
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON (NEA)-ln Hy
annis, Mass., near the Kennedy
summer home on Cape Cod,
this sign is in the lobby of a
main street-movie theater:
"Fruit Drink, 25 Cents. Deli
cious. Cold! Vigah!"
Harlan Cleveland, assistant sec
retary of state for international
organization affairs, has a trick
relief map of Antarctica in his
office. Take off a transparent
plastic cover and it shows what
the place would look like if all
the ice melted. There would be
only a few mountain peaks show
ing above the water.
"Please understand." empha
sizes Mr. Cleveland, "there isn't
any U.S. or U.N. aid program
under consideration to melt all
this ice."
But Antarctica is one of his
responsibilities, since this south
ernmost continent is under joint
Antarctic Treaty administration
of a number of countries, in
cluding the United Stales and So
viet Russia. It's the one place on
earth where the Russians cooper
ate with everybody in perfect har
mony. "Wherever the population is all
penguins," Mr. Cleveland ex
plains, "we can get international
cooperation. If the population is
people, it's more difficult."
At the lunch honoring the suc
cessful American climbers of Mt.
Everest. National Press Club
Ity SYDNEY J. HARRIS
There arc some problems that
have no solutions. Being by na
ture and background an almost
incurably optimistic people, we
Americans do not like to admit
this may be the case, and we
struggle against it furiously.
Consider the running argument
over the subject of divorce: is it
better for the children if hostile
parents stay together, of it they
separate? There is absolutely no
answer to this question.
Those who oppose breaking up
marriages can point to a wealth
of evidence indicating that tlte
children of broken homes are oft
en in trouble, psychically, social
ly and academically. There is no
doubt that a child w ith only one
parent is severely handicapped
in growing up.
Those who take Hie opposite
view point (Hit I hat it is healthi
er for a child to grow up with
one parent than in a bitter and
wrangling atmosphere, in which
the child often becomes an emo
tional pawn between the parents
and suiters lifelong scars.
Neither side can ever convince
the other, because tliere is no so
lution for a bad marriage: stay
ing together is terrible lor the
children, ami so is breaking up.
There is only a choice of evils.
Very well, says the optimist,
but there must be a lesser evil:
we can surely make some ration
al estimate of wuat is less bad
AND NEWS, Klamath Falls, Ore.
NOTEBOOK
President Bryson Rash noted that
the expedition tried to locate
some mementos claimed to have
been left at the summit by a Com
munist Chinese team.
Since the Americans failed to
turn up any trace of the Com
munist expedition, Rash conclud
ed: ."Either tile Chinese didn't
climb the mountain, or Khrush
chev sent Mikoyan up there to
get rid of the evidence."
The Defense Department has
discovered that women are right
after all when they use hairpins
to fix tilings.
Secretary McNamara estimates
that the department now is saving
$1,330 a year by using ordinary
women's hair wave clips at two
cents each in place of more com
plicated gadgets at $1.35 each for
merly used to prevent solder
ing heat from damaging transis
tors during manufacture.
Handling fan mail from irate
citizens at home is one of the
newer problems of U.S. ambassa
dors stationed abroad. If Ameri
cans don't like the way things
are going in some foreign trou
ble spot country, they write the
U.S. ambassador to ask what's
wrong and why he doesn't run
things better.
Some of the letter writers aren t
too sure of their geography.' Am
bassador Frederick E. Nolting
Jr., back in Washington for con
sultations recently, says he gets
letters addressed to Saigon, Indo-
STRICTLY
PERSONAL
for Uie children. And that we will
choose.
Tile doctrine of the "lesser evil"
is one that has beguiled mankind
since the beginning of time, and
its pursuit has always proved a
will-o'-thc-wisp. Lesser evils have
a w ay of turning out to be as bad
as the greater evil, if not worse.
Where human beings are con
cerned there is no calculus of
probabilities for the future.
Tile fact is that mistakes must
be paid for, and when children
ore involved, they arc paid for by
the children. This is what the
Book means when it says, "The
parents eat sour grapes, and
the children's teeth are set on
edge." In a bad marriage, what
ever one does is wrong.
We are not realistic enough or
grown-up enough to understand or
accept the bargains we have to
strike with life. We think of life
primarily in terms of "prob-k-ms"
and "solutions "but much
of life is simply a predicament
without a truly satisfactory way
(Hit.
Man has been defined as "the
problem - solving animal." But
lie is also die problem - creating
animal, with a capacity for de
vising problems that tie cannot
solve. Unless we begin to compre
hend tlie slf-iofcaling nature of
many of our activities, we will
think we are finding solutions
ulien we are only changing the
svmptonis of our malaise.
Friday, July 26. 1963
ncsia, or Saigon, Laos. But even
tually he gets them at his sta
tion in Saigon, Viet Nam.
U.S. Ambassador John Martin,
home on leave from his post in
Dominican Republic, told the sto
ry of a bright young Dominican
girl studying English in a class
taught by his daughter.
The senorila was an apt pupil
and said she wished to perfect
her English so she could go to
college in the United States some
day. Asked about how she in
tended to get enough money for
this, the girl replied, "Oh, I get
paid for taking part in demon
strations staged by the Commu
nists." For small marches, it was
learned, they pay the crowd $150.
For riots where they want cars
overturned and burned, the pay
is $500.
Sen. Norris Cotton, R-N.H., says
of the Area Redevelopment pro
gram: "Tax-paid projects steered
to the party faithful have always
been called 'pork.'
"Plain . spoken old John Gar
ner of Texas used to boast, 'Ev
ery time a Yankee gets a pound
of pork, I take a barrel for Tex
as.' Texas is one of the stales
that has been getting the lion's
share from Area Redevelopment.
"I bet old John is chuckling as
he sits on his porch down in
Uvalde."
Defense Secretary Robert Mc
Namara has taken note of news
paper editorials advising h i m
that he would get further with
Congress if he were more dis
creet and tactful in his attitude. v
He told newsmen at his last press
conference he had decided to take
this advice.
Therefore, he said, answering a
query, he would not comment on
recent statements by Rep. Earl
Wilson, R-Ind., who has been con
ducting a one - man campaign
against Pentagon spending.
Al
manac
By United Press International
Today is Friday, July 26. the
207th day of 1963 with 158 to
follow.
The moon is approaching its
first quarter.
The morning stars are Jupiter
and Saturn.
The evening stars are Mars and
Saturn.
Those born today include play
wright George Bernard Shaw, in
1856.
On this day in history:
In 1925, American political lead
er William Jennings Bryan died
of a stroke in Dayton. Tcnn.
In 1941, Gen. Douglas MacAr
thur became commander of the
U.S. forces in the Philippines.
In 1952. King Farouk ol Egypt
boarded his royal yacht and sailed
into exile.
In 1959, Cuban premier Fidel
Castro agreed to return to the
premiership.
A thought for Uie day British
playwright George Bernard Shaw
said: "The more tilings a man is
ashamed of. Uie more responsible
he is."
DISPATCH FROM THE FARM .
Scandal In The
By JOHN GOULD
(In The Christian Science Monitorl
LISBON FALLS, Maine The an
nual report on my crazy ducks is
about to be rendered, and it is a
bit more didactic than usual. It
seems we have had a scandal in
the barnyard, but you'll have to
take my word for it. The evi
dence has been destroyed. This
story isn't all funny, unless you
say sort-of, and even tlien it's
stretching the rules and regula
tions of this department. But na
ture winds a devious and curious
route, with instruction plentiful.
As paid-up members from other
years know, these ducks are mal
lards, and they serve only to
beautify and adurn my little farm
pond beyond the barn, toward
the woods. Their number weaves
up and down with the seasons, but
we always have some, and this
spring we came through with only
a pair. I hope old-timers in the
bird business will nod, and others
will go to their books and look
up the mallard.
L have always thought the mal
lard drake to be the prettiest
bird I know of in nature the
wood duck is much the same, but
not so well balanced in stature.
The mallard drabs out some in
his fall plumage, but at nesting
time he is gorgeous. And, unlike
the other barnyard ducks, the
mallard really is a wild bird. No
body ever had much success
bringing other kinds of wild
waterfowl into the family, but a
mallard will stay, make a pet,
and live from a hopper.
So, we had this pair last win
ter, and after the pond thawed I
rousted them out of their little
house, cleaned out the litter and
got it ready for next fall, and
left them to their duties. They
usually nest right away, the lady
going into four weeks of medita
tion that will produce about eight
ducklings, and the gentleman sit
ting out in the middle of the pond
looking as if he didn't know what
was going on. During nesting the
mallards revert to their wild
ncss. They won't come and feed
from my hand, and they do a
lot of sneaking around. They also
become noisy if a pussycat goes
by or something otherwise dis
turbs them. Then one day the
madam appears with her clutch
of new ducks, each looking like an
oversized bumblebee, and she
trots them up for my inspection
and demands rations.
Well, that's the way it hap
pened. She brought off 11 duck
lings, more than the usual, and
I was greatly astonished. Be
cause, six of the ducklings were
clear, unmistakable mallards
with the yellow streak across their
eyes, and five of the ducklings
were not. Five of the ducklings'
were all black on the heads,
which is the touchstone of quite
another race of waterfowl and
the reason for this discrepancy
should be evident to any well in
formed citizen. It so happened
that Steve Powell, custodian of
the Swan Island game refuge of
WASHINGTON WINDOW
Living Beyond Our Means
Creates World Problems
By LVLE C. WILSON
United Press International
In the simple terms of what
really goes on. the Federal Re
serve Board's increase in its dis
count rate is in recognition of
the unhappy fact that the United
States is living beyond its income
abroad as well as at home.
The immediate purpose of the
rate increase is to make it more
profitable to keep certain money
on deposit and drawing interest
in the United States than abroad;
or. at least, not less profitable
to have the money here than
elsewhere.
If it works that way, the Unit
ed States balance of payments
position will be improved. The
U.S. balance of payments posi
tion is the end result of the all
international dealings between
the United States and its people
and foreign nations and their
people. For some years now we
have spent or given away abroad
a lot more than foreigners have
sient in the United slates. This
deficit in the international b a 1
ance of payments is made up by
payment in U.S. dollars.
Accumulated Dollars
Foreign individuals and govern
ments happily accumulated these
dollars immediately after tlie
war. The U.S. doilars was so
sturdy and so much sought that
much of tlie free world used ac
cumulated dollars as backing for
its own currency. The dollar,
literally, was as good as gold.
Better, maybe, because it was
handier in the pocket
The U.S. gold dollar also had
some gold backing, up to 25 per
cent. About $12 billion of tlie gold
hoard accumulated by the United
States was and is required to
provide that 25 per cent gold
backing of the U.S. dollar. For
eign owners of U.S. dollars got a
much better deal than that. Each
of their dollars was backed by
gold 100 per cent.
That came about because t h e
Roosevelt administration commit
ted tlie United States in 1934 to
sell to foreigners gold at $35 an
ounce. That commitment still
holds. So a foreigner with U.S.
.
Barnyard
the Maine Department of inland
Fisheries and Game, a game war
den and nature biologist, and the
best authority we have on migra
tory birds, stopped in that after
noun on aiiot lie r errand, and he
confirmed my suspicions.
"There's only one way for that
to happen," he said.
A Black Duck, the prevailing
game bird of this (lyway. came
w inging north, and paused on our
pond. Blacks don't often move
in this close to duellings, and 1
certainly never knew he was here.
But he paused long enough to
manage this split personality in
my domesticated brood, and tlien
went his way. But Uie story is
not over, yet.
Up in our woodlot a pair of
Cooper's Hawks has nested now
for some years. You should go
to the book again if you don't
know them. They are a hand
some bird, magnificent in flight,
and big. They can be identified in
flight by the white lines under
the wings, and as everybody know;
or should know Uie hawks are
both good and bad. What they
will do to a flock of poultry is
a sad thing, and sometimes a
farmer has little choice except to
go after them. But they have
their good points, too.
It has been many years since
we've had hawk trouble, partly
because the duck pond also en
courages redwings, and the red
wing will go after a hawk. So
will the kingbird, and we have
kingbirds all around us. And as
for the ducks, in particular, they
have built-in protective measures,
and know how to scatter in the
weeds. Their vision upwards is
so good that I have seen them
scatter for a jet fighter plane go
ing over so high you can't hear
it.
But now the Cooper's Hawk
came for the ducks. Instead of 11,
one morning there were nine. It
went to eight; and finally to six.
The old lady quacked plaintively
for me to do something, and f
rigged some tin pic plates on
poles and strung some old shirts
on bushes. One day I dusted the
tailfeathers of the hawk with some
No. 6 from the old woodchuck
gun not likely to bring him down
at that distance, but possibly per
suasive. It's not the most drastic
avenue, but in this instance it
proved adequate. The raiding has
stopped, and I imagine Mother
Duck will successfully rear the
remaining six ducklings, who
now have some size, to beautify
and adorn as aforesaid.
But, the five ducklings the hawk
took were the five Blacks. My re
maining ducklings are pure and
unquestionable . mallards, the ob
vious offspring of my salaried
drake. He sits on the pond sur
veying his family with inscrut
able diffidence, seeming to know
neither cark nor care, preening
himself as if all was well and he
knew precisely why. That we had
a scandal in the barnyard is
something you must take my
word for. There is no evidence
otherwise.
dollars has been able to demand
in exchange U.S. gold to the
value of his dollars. The Citizens
Foreign Aid Committee calculates
that on Dee. 31, 1952, the U.S.
gold reserve was $23.2 billion and
the gold reserve of all other free
world countries was $13 billion.
The U.S. gold hoard today is
down to $15.6 billion whereas the
gold holdings of other free world
nations had increased by Dec.
31, 1961, to $23.6 billion.
Sonic Still Hold Dollars
The committee calculated that
from Dec. 31, 1952, to Dec. 31,
1961, the U.S. balance of pay
ments deficit was about $19.6
billion. Our overseas spending in
those years was that much more
than we received from overseas.
Obviously, many foreigners no
longer regard the U.S. dollar as
good as gold. But some still do
hold dollars and that creates an
other problem.
The American Institute f o r
Economic Research at Great Bar
rington. Vt., calculated in Au
gust. 1962. that those outstanding
foreign dollar claims already ex
ceeded the capacity of the Unit
ed States to make good in gold.
If the foreigners demanded their
gold we could not pay up. This
would create a catastrophic
chaos in the free world where the
dollar is a vital part of the in
ternational economy.
Chairman Harry F. Byrd of the
Senate Finance Committee ex
plained this situation in a speech
the other day and added: "I re
gard this as our most serious fis
cal and financial problem."
Byrd was being consistent. He
abhors living beyond means
whether at home or abroad.
THEY
SAY...
I am not against tlie United
States, but a lot of people believe
that if you live in this hemis
phere you must get down on your
knees and bow to capitalism.
Prime Minister Cheddl Jagan
of British Guiana.