PACE
HERALD AND SEWS, Klamath Falls, Ore.
Thursday, June 20. 1M1
NOTHING
SPECIAL
Even Liz Never Had It 5o (jood
A .
IW. B. S.I
States'
Temporarily, at least, state legislative ac
tion on three controversial proposals to amend
the U.S. Constitution In a manner favorable
to the states has slowed to a crawl.
A score or more of legislatures still are
in session, but observers say only a few might
act favorably this year on the matters at issue.
The proposed amendments would: 1) es
tablish a 50-state Court of the Union, , su
perior to the U.S. Supreme Court in critical
questions affecting U.S.-state relations; 2) bar
the federal courts from acting in state reappor
tionment cases; 3) ease the process by which
the states can initiate changes in the U.S.
Constitution.
; Up to now just four slates Alabama,
Arkansas, Florida and Wyoming have had
their full legislatures approve the Court of the
Union proposal. Not many additions are
looked for.
Ten to a dozen stales (some action is a bit
cloudy) have endorsed the other two ideas.'
To get anywhere, such a proposal
launched at the state level must be approved
first by two-thirds (34) of all the slates. Then
Congress must call a national constitutional
convention to consider proposed amendments.
Thereafter, three-fourths of the stales must
ratify whatever action flows from convention.
: It is Interesting to note that not one of the
23 existing amendments to the Constitution
was adopted by this process. All were ini
tiated by congressional action.
The whole story of the three controversial
(Oregon Sttimn, Salem)
The Oregon constitution does not per
mit the Legislative Assembly to attach the
emergency clause to a tax measure. This
means that such a measure will not go into
effect as law until 90 days after the session
is adjourned. In that interval referral peti
tions may be circulated, and if enough qual
ified signers are obtained the measure Is
suspended until it is voted on. The Legisla
ture which has just adjourned passed a com
prehensive revision of the income tax. Now
the question is raised over whether It will en
counter a referendum.
One of the main features of the new
piece of legislation is denial of deduction of
income taxes paid the federal government.
The 1959 session passed a bill with a similar
provision. It was held up by referendum and
then soundly defeated at the election in 1960.
There is a difference now in that the
public is pretty well informed that more rev
enue Is needed. There isn't the comfortable
surplus that used to carry the state along
through the 1950s. With that knowledge and
the knowledge that this Legislature would find
it difficult to agree on any alternate which
IN WASHINGTON . . .
TFX
By RALPH de TOLEDANO
The TFX investigation of the
Senate Government Operations
subcommittee drags along, but
what K will accomplish is in the
laps of the political Rods. Perhaps
there w ill come time when the
story ot this experimental plane
and the $6.5 billion earmarked (or
its development and production
will be told. It is all in the sub
committee's record but no news
paper would have the space to
publish It during the unfolding
and few would want to.
There will he some who insist
that all (he sound and Jury ol a
senatorial investigation is not
worth (lie bother. Probably the
TFX w ill never go on tlie produi -t)(m
line. A billion dollais or so
wjU be spent in developing it
and (lien tlie Whiz Kids, Uieir
slide rules squeaking, will be chas
ing another weapons system will-o'-the-wisp.
This has been the
story of Defense Secretary Rob
ert McNamara's Pentagon ever
since (he military men were told
to go polish tlicir belt buckles so
the Ph.D'a could take over.
While (h Soviets bun away
her and there, translating from
blueprint (o actuality their ideas
of olfensivo and defensive sys
tems, tlie United States has pro
diced nothing but a lot of expen
sive art work since President Ken
nedy took over. There has been
not one new weapons aystem tine
January. IWI. Every time some
tiling begins In look good, (he
Mu Kids decide not to go into
production because another thing
looks better. When the day of
reckoning comes, we can wave
blueprints At (lie Soviets.
The TFX acandal, however,
has had one terrible effect. It has
shaken the faith many of us have
had in the Defense Department.
Other outfits in government play
footsie with facts, but the Penta
gon (whether right or wrong' was
Power Moves Falter
proposals has been fogged with misinforma
tion. Some accounts have said the proposed
change in the amending process would elimi
nate Congress from all amending effort. In
fact, Congress could still launch amendments
as always. It would be blocked out only when
states initiate the action.
One often sees the complaint that the
drive for these three amendments occurred
in deep secrecy. But at least two national news
services and some other publications wrote of
it soon aflcr it began last December at a ses
sion of the General Assembly of States, a
body made up of legislators from the various
states.
The evident truth is that many people
were inattentive until a few knowledgeable
persons called on them to note the signifi
cance of the proposals for future federal
slate relations.
Suggestion is made, too, that the legis
latures which have adopted the proposals
mostly in southern, midwestern and western
states did not really know what they were
approving.
The evidence indicates, however, that
these ideas fit admirably the conservative
leanings of state legislators bent on holding
or enlarging present power. Only New Jer
sey's upper house has had real second
thoughts and reversed itself.
The drive is real enough. But so are the
huge roadblocks still standing in its wa.
Tax Referral?
would produce enough revenue, foes of the
1963 tax program, may be reluctant to start a
referendum movement.
"Just in case" one was started and got
sufficient signers, the Legislature has pro
vided a protection. It specified Oct. 15th as
a date for such a statewide election. That
would allow time for a special session to be
called, if the voters rejected the measure, and
the redraft of a new program.
The favored alternative is a sales tax:
but rejection of the 1963 tax package would
not insure a sales tax. That undoubtedly
would be referred if passed by the Legisla
ture. There is the possibility of initiating a
sales (ax; but agreeing on a draft is not easy:
(he rale, (lie exclusions, the distribution of
proceeds. The two houses fell apart on this,
although the House was unfriendly to any
kind of a general sales tax.
Assuming that Governor Hatfield signs
the tax bill which seems safe, for he sure
ly doesn't want the Assembly back on his
hands we will just wait and see whether
a referendum is agitated and whether it gains
momentum. Our guess is that there will be a
lot of grumbling but no referral.
Scandal Shakes Faith
honest. We could disagree, let us
say, w ith the polices of President
Truman's Secretary Louis John
son, i Ttiey led to Uie parlous stale
of American military defense
when the Korean War broke out.'
But there was no hanky-panky
about It.
In the case of the TFX. we have
been given phony facts and phon
ier figures. And the evidence has
conclusively demonstrated that
the plane which tbo Defense
Secretary contracted for was cost
lier (over Moo million! and less
satisfactory than tlie one recom
mended by the Navy and Air
Force experts. Mr. McNamara s
arguments in favor ol his decision
have been shown to be specious.
And lltere is uncontradicted evi
dence that he had a team of as
sistants preparing these argu
ments long after he had award
ed the contract to General Dynam
ics. A study of the s-yet unprinted
testimony turns up a real shock
er. It should be recalled tli.it tlio
rejected Boeing plane included
thrust reversers necessary tor
shorter landings. Tlie General Dy
namics plane did not, (hough (he
Navy and Air Force had listed
them as a vital requirement.
Secretary McNamara, however,
told the McClellan subcommittee:
"I want to point out that in select
ing tlie General Dynamics propos
al, we retained tlie option (o apply
thrust reversers (o the aircraft de
sign." A little over a week alter Mr.
McNamara'a categorical state
ment, tliere was testimony to the
contrary (rom A. W. Blackburn,
former Marine flier, test pilot, an
aeronautical engineer perhaps
tlie most expert witness to ap
pear. Major Rlackbum had been
on (lie inside at the Pentagon
through tlie period wlien Boeing
and General Dynamics were com-peung.
In his testimony, Major Black
hum said (hat he had no knowl
edge of any option (or thrust re
versers. "General Dynamics is
given credit (or a dubious option
which Uiey themselves never pre
sented." he swore. And he pointed
out that to apply thrust reversers
to the General Dynamics TFX
would require re-designing the
plane. In short, the option, if it
existed, was worthless.
It has been this kind of word
juggling and disingenuous expla
nation which have turned tlie
subcommiUee's members against
Secretary McNamara and done
such horrible damage to a repu
tation which was among the high
est in Washington.
So far. tlie only case made (or
the McNamara decision has been
that lie had (lie authority to make
it. This is true. The civilian duels
outrank the military. Rut (his does
not se any Cabinet member the
l ight to make arbitrary decisions
.and tlien to pull tlie wwl over
the eyes of Congress and the
public.
Almanac
By United rress International
Today is Thursday. June 20,
the 171st day of 19M with 1M to
follow.
Tlie moon is approaching its
new phase.
The morning stars are Venus,
Jupiter and Saturn.
The evening star is Mars.
On this day in history:
In I7IB, Congress adopted the
Great Seal ol the I'nitcd States.
In HOT, the Victorian age began
as Princess Victoria learned her
uncle, tlie king, had died and she
was the new British ruler.
In Ifttt. the I'nited Slates seued
Guam, in the Spanish-American
War.
It X J. ft vX "
II Www.
vTt j 1
By PETER EDSOX
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON (NEA) With
May unemployment 6.9 per cent
of the working force and likely
to go higher for June as the high
schools and colleges pour out mil
lions of new job seekers, the No.
1 economic problem is to use
every facility available for cutting
down relief rolls and finding work
fur more people.
While Uiis is going on. private
employment agencies that charge
a Ice for placing people in new
jobs are currying on a campaign
to restrict the free services of fed
eral and state employment olfices
to finding jobs for only those who
are unemployed. Anyone wanting
In change his job would tlicn be
forced to go to fee-charging agen
cies. There arc over 2.000 of (hose
private employment agencies.
Most of the big ones and better
ones are members of tlie National
Employers Assn. It operates under
a code of ethics which seeks to cut
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
Purely Personal Prejudices:
Freedom of speech is an essential
right, without which a civilization
cannot flourish: but what use is
it to people who refuse to exer
cise freedom of thought?
We do not miss what we lack
nearly so much as what we are
deprived of: nobody misses an
eye at the back of his head, but
everyone would feel deprived if
he lost one eye in front; it is
the taking away that upsets us
more than the not having in the
first place.
There Is an optimum point in
compassion it is a sentiment
rarely (ctt by (hose whs have
not sulfrred at all, and never
felt by those who have sullered
too much: (or (he absence pi
suflerlng makes men think they
are gods, and the excess o( it
(urns them Into beasts.
Perhaps tlie central paradox at
tlie root of the human personality
is that everyone agrees with Soc
rates' injunction: "Know thyself"
and everyone resists such self
knowledge with all the power at
his command.
The men uho lack "ambition"
get nowhere; but the men who
possess it in abundance too oiten
lack the sweeter virtues that jus
tify it.
The trnny of the skeptical
temprrament was tersely de
scribed hy Rosenslock-Huessy.
hen he observed: "He wh be
lieves tn nothing still needs a
girl tp believe In him."
Tlie boy who receives a "good"
education in a protected envir
onment, with only his own kind
around him, pays Uie possible
price of never becoming a man;
whereas the boy who grows up
in a more barbarous and diverse
aiid threatening emironment.
Jl- ft, JI . i fir- -.. !; I
EPSON IN WASHINGTON . . .
Employment Aid Fought
out the racketeers and to give job
hunters responsible service.
At (he Employers Assn. conven
tion in Cleveland last October,
however, a $l,0O0-per-member club
was formed and $163,000 raised to
launch a campaign against gov
ernment free employment serv
ices. A public relations firm was
hired and a drive began for a
congressional hearing, which has
just been held without very con
crete results.
The pilch of the fee-charging
agencies is that the 2.000 state em
ployment offices and the 1,900
part-time U.S. employment offices
in the smaller communities and
rural areas where private agen
cies don't operate are trying to
destroy free enterprise and con
trol the American labor market.
Behind (his charge is a lurking
fear that there will be a repetition
of government manpower con
trols which were in effect through
World War II and the Korean
War. In these periods, when jobs
were plentiful and unemployment
was low. ahout 2.000 of the private
STRICTLY
PERSONAL
pays the possible price of becom
ing a man too soon another form
of immaturity that is just as
crippling to the personality. The
former learns nothing of the real
world until too late: the latter
learns it too early; and the basic
task of modern society is to cre
ate an atmosphere for children in
which a creative tension is main
tained between the dangerous and
the protected.
To the of (en-asked question.
"Which part of medicine is a
science and which part is an
art?" it is tempting to answer
that treating the patient is a sci
ence, and keeping him from going
to someone else is an art.
BERRY'S WORLD
UP-
j ill .!. r&r-i
"Yon think YOU f frtbltmsttk a tok mt tilt
v ! i
agencies went out of business.
Since then, they have increased
(rom 800 to over 2.000.
When the Kennedy administra
tion came to town and made re
duction of unemployment a prin
cipal goal, a task force was set
up which launched the- depressed
area development and manpower
training programs.
A build-up of the U.S. Employ
ment Service was approved by
Congress and its budget raised hy
$29 million, to $169 million for
the year.
That scared the fee-charging
agencies. They made demands
that federal and state employment
olfices refuse service to employed
workers, professional workers, col
lege graduates and' government
workers. The private agencies
charged that "60 per cent of the
job placements made by pub
lic employment offices in 1962
were people who were already
employed."
This charge was finally tracked
down to a U959 Census Bureau
household spot and sample survey.
It showed that out of every five
newly hired workers all over the
country, three were employed
workers changing jobs, one was
unemployed and one was a new
entrant in the labor force. But this
was for all workers not just
those placed by government.
U.S. employment service figures
show that in lt2. 78 to 80 per
cent of all workers taking new
jobs found those openings them
selves, through friends or hy an
swering newspaper ads.
Only S to 6 per cent found (heir
jobs through fee-charging, private
employment services. Fifteen (o
16 er cen( go( (heir jobs (hrough
free federal or slate offices.
These public employmcn( offices
are now required by law In help
anyone who applies. In 1962 they
placed 6.7 million workers in non
agricultural jobs and 8.5 million
rural and agricultural jobs for a
13 2-million placement total.
Actually, from 85 (o 95 per rent
ol the job seekers registered with
I S. and state unemployment of-lii-os
are unemployed, and 97 per
cent of the workers they placed in
t9H2 were unemployed.
This probably should go into
the editorial columns at the left,
but what the heck. There isn't
much of anything else to write
about for today, and I must get
this space filled some way or oth
er. For those who like (he P-TA,
I guess it's fine. I have become
disenchanted with (he organiza
tionbeing convinced that pol
icies and practices of the local
units are dictated at regional
and national levels. Too many
of those policies and practices
are (or the birds.
Now comes a long article in the
Wall Street Journal which reports
that community P-TA leaders
throughout the nation are finally
getting on their high horse, par
ticularly on the question of fed
eral aid to education. It seems
that the National Congress of Par
ents and Teachers insist that the
P-TA go on record favoring federal-
aid. This insistence has
brought some local units to break
away from the national gang. No
body asked me. but I'll say it's
about time, anyway.
I'm not saying that the P-TA is
no good. Once upon a time, 1
recall, it was a pretty good or
ganization, and it did some good.
In fact, I served as president
of two units. But it has gone far
beyond its original concept of
helping solve local school prob
lems, and establishing a working
relationship between teachers and
parents and interested citizens. A
good many people agree with Ad
miral Rickover who has said that
P-TA's are an infernal nuisance
and ought to be abolished."
The government has aban
doned the policy of backing
one and two dollar bills with
silver. From what we've seen of
the New Frontier, it la reason
able to assume that our bucks
are backed with baloney.
Which reminds me: there are
bigger things than money. Bills,
for instance.
Quick now, can you tell me the
WASHINGTON REPORT
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
Has (he Kennedy Administra
tion violated the federal statutes
it is sworn to enforce?
Republicans suggest that it has.
Democrats call the charge "ludi
crous." The question was first
raised, publicly, by Robert Bau
man, chairman of Young Amer
icans for Freedom, the country's
largest and most influential con
servative youth group.
In an appearance before t h e
House Special Subcommittee on
Labor, Bauman spoke of the
proposed National Service Corps,
or so - called Domestic Peace
Corps. He pointed to Title 18,
Section 1913 of the United States
Code: "No part of the money ap
propriated by any enactment of
Congress . . . shall be used direct
ly or indirectly .... to influence
in any manner a member of
Congress, to favor or oppose, by
vote or otherwise, any legislation
or appropriation by Congress."
Said Bauman: "Despite this
well known prohibition against
lobbying by federal employes, of
ficials of (he National Service
Corps 'study group' have used
government funds and government
time to lobby and to cause others
lo pressure Congress in support
of this legislation."
There is no doubt that adminis
tration officials have lobbied in
behalf of tlie National Service
Corps. They claim the statute in
question does not prohibit "in
formative lobhying" by federal
employes.
One thing is certain: The Na
tional Service Corps was set up
and financed with federal monies
lone before the Congress knew
anything ahout its existence.
Qn Jan. 18, 193, a special as
sistant tn the attorney general.
David Hackett. dispatched to ev
ery member of Congress a report
drafted hy something called (he
Nadonal Service Corps "s t u d y
group" urging creation of such
a corps.
A puzzled Congressman. H. R.
Gross. Republican of Iowa, wrote
Hackett that he was "unaware of
any action by Congress authoriz
ing a 'national service pro
gram.' "
Gross then discoxered t h a (
Hacked and a score of others
were lobhying out of offices on
Jackson Square, a stone's throw
from the White House.
With Rep. Sam Devme. Ohm
Republican. Gross paid the of
(ices a surprise visit on Jan. so.
I'nmvitfd, the two popped in and
found employes of the Justice De
dates of V-E Day and VJ Day?
Returning home from the state
capitol. a businessman looked out
the window at the frothing Salt
Creek and saw a big log floating
down the stream. He pointed it
out to his friend. "See that log?"
he asked. "That's just like Salem.
If you'll examine it closely, you'll
find 10,000 ants on the log
and each one thinks he's steer
ing it."
Before long. American astro
nauts may be conquering the
universe in banana - flavored
spacecraft. That's (he word
(rom a scientist working on the
Apollo moon project.
Actually, the idea is to pack
age scientific equipment and othc
necessities of the journey in edible
material made of milk powder
and starch, and use an aggregate
made of hominy grits and ba
nana flakes. After it has served
as packing crates it can be
soaked from eight to 10 hours in
water and eaten, says the scien
tist. It will taste like cereal with
a slight banana flavor.
This probably shows admirable
forehandedness on Uie part of the
scientists. But as to the astro
nauts, it seems like a dirty trick
to send them to the moon and
then feed them the same kind of
breakfast that made them willing
to leave home in the first place.
Don't think for a minute just
because the legislature didn't
pass the proposed new Consti
liltion for Oregon, thai the proj
ect is dead. Far (rom it. A
group of interested citizens is
attempting lo get one of the ver
sions o( (he doeumen( In a vole
of the people. From the steam
and de(erminaiion I saw at (he
first meeting o( (he group, I'm
ready to bet thai there will he
an Initiative If no legal blocks
show up.
Our youngest came up with (he
perpetual question the oUier day
wlien she asked her mother:
"Mama, why does that operator
'telephone) always say to ma
'hang up?' "
Peace Corps Subject
Pulls Much Lobbying
partment, the Peace Corps, and
Health, Education and Welfare
toiling on plans for tlie National
Service Corps.
To Gross, a veteran foe of gov
ernment waste, this meant one
thing: "The other departments of
government must lie liberally
overstaffed with stenographers
and organizers, and what have
you. Congress ought to be inter
ested in finding out how they ob
tain these surplus employes they
have available to move around
with the greatest of ease through
out the government."
Note: In his testimony. YAP'S
Bauman raised a new objection
tn tlie corps. "It is obvious to
me." he said, "that the corps
could definitely be used to pro
mote the political ends of the
jiarty in power."
Under tlie terms of the adminis
tration bill, corpsmcn are ex
empted from Civil Service Status
as far as the Hatch Act is con
cerned. They arc completely un
der the control of the President
and tlie directors of the corps.
"It is impossible." said Bau
man. "to ignore the political im
plications of a group of 5.000 rov
ing welfare corpsmcn who owe
their jobs (o (lie Prcsidenl and
who can be sent by him to al
most any part of tlie United
.States. In view of the past rec
ord of this adminislratinn with
regard lo political use of govern
mental acencies. this corps could
well be a threat to our democrat
ic way of life.
' To those who scoff. I need
only recall lo you the use which
was made of summer student em
ployment in the Moral govern
ment until tlie Civil Service Com
mission stepped in and put an end
In it. Tlie CSC had the authority
to act in that instance, but I see
no power in (his hill." '
QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
Q How minv hells are anal
ly Included in chimes?
A Chimes seldom have more
than 12 hells. larger numbers ot
hells set tocethrr to piay tunes
are called carillons.
Q - In I famous oVI. this
man. later a president, thM ami
killed Charles Dlrkinvm. h
was he?
A Andrew Jackson.