PAGE t A
HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath Fall. Ore.
Wednesday, June 19, 1963
EPSON INI WASHINGTON . . .
Civil Rights Adds To
Congress' Log Jam
Patience, My Son
Somo who speak out on the racial issue
use the words "tokenism" and "gradualism"
as if they were synonyms. They are not. The
consequence of their misuse could be consid
erable misunderstanding.
The dictionary defines token as some
thing which serves as a "mere sign or sample
of the real thing." Tokenism obviously de
scribes a policy or practice limited to token
moves.
On the other hand, gradualism is defined
as the "doctrine of proceeding by gradual dc
grees" toward a particular end.
: Tokenism plainly can be quite static, a
"single gesture or two. Gradualism unmistak
ably implies steady, fluid movement.
A good many militant white and Negro
advocates of desegregation are saying things
like: "The gradualism of token effort is not
good enough." The conflict in terms is self
evident. It Is a risky misuse, for most of history
is written in gradual steps. Evolution in so
: ciety is the rule. Revolution, explosive or oth
erwise, is the rare exception.
; Gradual change is going on all the time,
;Ulie pace varying according to many circum
.'stances. Revolution is likely only when change
:is impeded severely for a long, long time.
- ' Sometimes, when developing roadblocks
are suddenly removed, the pace of change
may be greatly speeded for a while in a kind
of "catchup" effort. That may be as close to
; (The Christian Science Monitor)
! Apathy? Complacency? Is this the mood
;Of most Americans today? It must be so be
cause the news commentators say it is. On the
suTface at least this is a moment of relative
jcalm, which means econoniic curves that
I trend upward and cold war issues that lie
'coiled and sleepy in the summer sun.
But what lies under the surface?
There is an unprecedented concern
about the slow growth rate of the American
economy, and both parties are ready to take
extraordinary steps through new tax legisla
tion to spur it. A new and courageous ap
proach to Europe's dynamic Common Market
is at work. The Uniled States will go out and
, compete and not retire behind its hedgerows.
'': In the South of Hie United Stales Ihere
,3s not a whiff of apathy to be found. The great
global revolt of the colored races against arbi
."trary white suppression has rolled up out of
:Asia and Africa onto the American scene. It
is collapsing the timetable of social change for
the American Negro.
On the international scene Mr. Khrush
chev has been making the most of the Beard
ed One why? Because conquest by force
was stopped at Berlin and Cuba and else
where, and Fidel Is his only exhibit for the
IN WASHINGTON . . .
By RAI.IM1 dr TOI.F.DANO
In Jackson. Miss., Ituhy Hur
lee, a speaker for ttio National
Association for the Advancement
ot Colored People, loWi a mass
rally of Negroes: "Tlie two most
effective weapons we have arc
the buck and tlie ballot. Some
people say we should use a
;lhird means the bullet, hut we
-are not ready for tlmt yet."
Twenty lour hours later, a bill-
let had ended the life of Modgar
Evers, a Jackson Negro leader,
who was ambushed outside his
house, after an NAACP meeting.
These two events are evidence
of what U happening to America
today. Two extremes are at war
and by a kind of political Grcsh
s'm'i law tliey are corrupting
the moderates who seek to bring
equality of opportunity to the
Negro without trespassing on the
rights of tlie majority.
Now violence has entered the
scene and with it has come lear
The two combined make an ex
plosive mixture, or nun moti
vated by them cease to reason
In fact cease to do what is Im'sI
for themselves. It is lamentable
that In addressing himself to the
wrongs worked against tlie Ne
groes throughout the nation, the
President did not also offer sonic
cautionary advice to Ihose who
are determined to tear apart the
fabric of law and orderly proce
dure. If civil rights legislation is
needed, then it cannot he enact
ed under tlie threat by Negro
leaders of mass civil disobedi
ence in the cities and rioting out
'ide and inside the Capitol. Con
gressmen today are talking of
falling out tlie troops if (he ISO,
;ooo Negroes menUoned by their
;)eader descend on Washington
;and attempt to force passage of
the kind of legislation they want.
Making Haste Slowly
a "peaceful revolution" as we ever observe.
But to argue against gradualism as a
general proposition is to contest against the
natural processes of an orderly society.
There is hardly anything more horrible in
modern industrial history than the now dis
carded practice of child labor. Yet it took
many decades of painful effort to get laws on
the books here and in Kuropc banning it. The
story is the same in countless realms of en
deavor through the long course of history.
Tokenism is something else. Any develop
ment which qualifies as mere sign or symbol
can serve, it seems clear, to provide the look
hut not the substance of change, it is at once
a first and final step.
In whatever field, tokenism is never sat
isfying except to those who do not want
change. Against tokenism the same pressures
that beat against total resistance are felt.
Since gradualism is pleasing neither to
the total resisters nor to the militant "chang
ers," it hardly offers "happy" solutions. But
through its processes most of the world's work
gets done.
This strange, fumbling, halting kind of
movement keeps society in a curious yet ef
fective equilibrium. It is the only good ce
ment we have in a world that otherwise would
be ripped apart by its conflicts.
No responsible leader should deplore
gradualism except in the direst extremity of
social stagnation. That we do not have in 1963.
An Illusion Of Apathy
theory of peaceful conquest that he is defend
ing against the Chinese.
Elsewhere it is the ring of the builder's
hammer that is chiefly heard in the develop
ing world. Even the basic struggle to bring
the population rate under control is now, for
the first time, a subject of almost universal
effort and concern.
It is only an illusion of apathy that stills
the barometer. It is a momentary balance of
huge, turbulent forces. It exists because broad,
constructive policies are at work in today's
society holding the more violent forms of ex
plosion in check.
Wo would like to remind people of the
genuinely terrible years when a weak world
yielded continually before Hitler, and to' re
call the wild, uncontrolled economic swings
of the twenties and thirties, and to suggest
that today's apathy be put in context. As a
society we have shortfalls, many of them. We
ought to be working harder at them. But this
apathy, if that's what it seems to be, is also
earned. It rests on an already enormous ef
fort to keep the ugly side of human life un
der restraint and to free men so they can cope
with society and with themselves. We are not
doing so badly.
Unions Hold Negroes Back
It would be ironic to dehate civil
rights behind a wall of bayonets.
It is M'rhaps sad that Negro
leaders chose to use the dramatic
issue of scliool integration as
the focus of their major c a m
paign. Kor If evei-y school and
college In tlie 50 states were to
lower the color bar and admit all
qualified Negroes, it would be at
least three decades or more lie
lore this had any real cltect on
the living standards of the Amer
ican Negro. A handful of elite
Negroes in tlie colleges would do
lit.ie to improve tlie social pat
tern of Negro living.
Tlie rise must be on a lar
broader base, and it must open
lor Negroes tlie economic doors
which many American labor un
ions have slammed shut. For
years. Herbert Hill, an NAACP
ollicial, has by his writings and
sH'0ches shown that tlie worst
discrimination and the most
crippling has been in the ceo
nonuc sphere. There are unions
in the building tr.idcs and in
transportation which do not admit
Negroes to their apprenticeship
programs or to membership
Tlh'telor, Negroes are contined
to tlie most vulnerable o! all wtuk
categories, the unskilled labor
force
In the early years of Ihe sec
ond Eisenhower Administration,
the President's Committee on
Government Contracts ichair
man: Vice President Kichard Nix
on i sought desperately to bring
down discrimination in hiring by
building trades unions doing fed
eral construction in Washington
and by such contractors as Mat
threw McCloskey. then treasurer of
the Democratic National Commit
tee. Mr. McCloskey argued con
vincingly that he would be glad
to comply but that his hands
were tied by the unions.
AFL-C10 President George
Meany, a memlier of the, Presi
dent's Committee, refused to take
any action against discriminatory
unions in his federation and ex
pressed himself with some an
ger on the subject to those who
brought up the subject. Through
the vice chairman. Secretary of
Labor .lames Mitchell who al
ways scratched when Mr. Meany
ili lied action to bring work to
Negroes in federal building was
blocked. The NAACP. fcartul of
embarrassing the labor move
ment, prelerred to cry out against
Mr. Nixon, whose energetic ef
forts against discrimination were
torpedoed by the Meany-Mitchcll
axis. This was a golden opportu
nity missed because politics came
fust.
Once the Negro has been given
the means to rise above the un
certain and ill-pav ing unskilled la
bor category, his economic situ
ation will improve He will be able
to keep Ins children in school ae.d
alford a higher education which.
II won tixlav. would he prohibi
tively expensive Tlie other civil
rights would follow. In tact, had
the WAIT and other Negio
groups stressed this aspect in tlie
years since the Supreme Court's
desegregation decision, a sub
stantial advance would have lieen
made by now and today's riots
would lie unnecessary and un
thinkable. The past Is, of course, past Rut
as the summer grows hotter and
as passions grow more inflamed
-the tendency will be to brush
aside new alternatives which can
succeed without embroiling this
country in civil turmoil. A wrong
that is followed by another wrong
simply creates a third wrong
This is something to consider be
fore it is loo late
QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
Q What traditional ruler of
Ethiopia is mentioned in Ihe
Bible?
A It is a legend that the
royal Abyssinian line comes
from a son who was born to
King Solomon and the Queen
of Shcba.
Q Is II true that Abraham
Lincoln wrote the Gettysburg Ad
dress on the back of an envelope
during his train trip to Gettys
burg? A This is a myth. It was
written in the White House.
Q How did the orangutan
get Its name?
A Orangutan is Malay for
"wild man of the woods."
Q The tall ot which mon
key Is most highly developed for
grasping?
A The spider monkey.
By LEON DKNNEN
Newspaper Enterprise Analyst
NEW YoltK NEAi Even in
Red China love blooms in the
spring. Hut romance, alas,
caused only heartache to young
Hsiao Li who married her man
without the blessing of ihe Com
munist party.
"It was a ca.-c of love at first
sight." .uid an angry editorial in
Mao Tse-lung's journal. Women
o! China. Hsiao Li married the
young man in a hurry only to
discover that lie was "capitalist
minded." Should Hsiao Li, a devoted com
rade of the Communist Party, con
tinue to lavish her love on a man
addicted to the "capitalist wav of
lile?" a-ked the editors of "Wom
en of China."
According to Mao Tse-lung's
latest dictum, if seems, physical
love is a capitalist impulse
just another imicrialisl invent
I'on In enslave the proletariat
unless, of course, it is sanctioned
by tlie Red party. Thus, "politi
cal incompatability" discovered
even after the act of matrimony
can get comrades of both sexes
into real trouble unless the mar
riage is dissolved at once
Tlie editors of Women of China.
ii their advice to lovelorn and
romantically inclined lieds, de
nounced Hsiao Li's "rash act"
ac an "abuse of the right to
marry " In the interest of Com
munis virtue, t':cy said she must
leave her spouse or be guiltv
of violating the "sacred rights"
bestowed ii(ioii lier by Ihe Com
munis Party They asked:
' Slwnitil a class-conscious wom
an talk about love with a bad el
ement and even cohabit with
him
"How could lie he such a fool
as to fall in love with a man with
oat tirst investigating his political
background'"'
In a subsequent issue of "Wom
en of China" a number of obvious
H injured "letters to the editor"
slmwed complete lack of sympa
thy with Uie young wife.
One letter from an irate female
comrade said "Hsiao Li's mis
lake is due pnmarily to tlie lad
that she completely ignored the
very important class angle in
choosing a husband. That is why
she continues to live with him
even alter discovering that he is a
Kid soul."
f
I EST H
ltv SYDNEY J. HARRIS
A recent issue of the "Saturday
Review" devoted a special sec
tion to "The Education of Wom
en," with articles by a number
of male and female educators,
including the director of the Amer
ican Association of University
Women.
1 don't care at this point to be
come involved in the general phil
osophical questions of how much
education women should have,
what kind, and what opportuni
ties should be opened to her after
special training. It would take ,
a book, not merely an essay, to
explore these subjects.
What has perplexed me Tor a
long time, however, is the rela
tive fewness of professional wom
en in American life, as compared
THE GLOBAL VIEW . . .
Chinese Love Bloom
Has Capitalist Tinge
Another letter accused Hsiao
Li of following Confucius' advice
that "since the grain has already
been cooked into rice" she might
as well enjoy it.
Rut Red China's Marxist-Leninist
rulers take a dim view of such
. capitalist attitude. They warned
Hsiao Li that by remaining loyal
to the bonds of matrimony she
was abusing "too blindly and loo
freely" the Party-given right to
marry. They urged her to "cut
all physical and social relations
vilh her husband and draw a
r'emarcation line between him and
r.crself."
Will Hsiao Li heal their warn
ing and leave her husband?
Even in Red China, it seems,
love of the sexes capitalist or
Red is stronger than love of
Mao Tsc-tung and ol the Com
munist party line.
Hsiao Li is apparently deeply
in love with her capitalist-minded
husband. Despite threats and hu
miliation she still lived with him
at the time the last batch of
abusive letters against her were
printed.
"I Juel tiart
STRICTLY
PERSONAL
with many European societies,
where opportunities would seem
to be more restricted,
A statistical profile in the mag
azine, for instance, showed that
we have only 8 per cent of fe
male doctors in Uiis country
some 16.000 out of a total of
200.000. Yet, educationally, wom
en receive 36 per cent of ail bach
elors' and first professional de
grees, 31 per cent of all masters'
degree's, and even 11 per cent of
all doctors' degrees. 'Female
lawyers arc even scarcer, com
prising only 2' a per cent, some
6.000 out of a total of 2116.000
qualified attorneys in tile United
States.)
In Canada, which is roughly
similar to us in economic and so
cial composition, there are twice
as many female doctors in ratio
to male doctors 12 per cent
uf the total. And in some Euro
can countries Russia especial
ly Uie percentage is again
doubled to 25 per cent. One out
of every four Russia physicians
is a woman.
There is, as everyone knows,
a drastic shortage of doctors in
the United SUitcs. Reporting re
cently in the "American Journal
of Public Health," Dr. Martin
Cherkasky, director of New York
City's celebrated Montefiorc Hos
pital, observed that: "One of
our most critical problems is the
doctor shortage. Unless this is
solved, no real progress can be
made. We need twice as many
new medical schools as we have,
for unless doctors are available
in ample supply all of our medi
cal care hopes are in jeopardy."
As far as male students are
concerned, there are some stag
gering personal financial obstacles
to becoming a doctor. It is likely
that only Federal support of medi
cal students will be able to main
tain an adequate supply. Yet if
more female college students were
encouraged to enter medicine
and, most of all. if they lelt
that a rightful place would be
made for them this shortage
micht be eased considerably.
There is no reason that a wom
an should he relegated to the
role of a nurse. Esiecia!ly with
so many second rate male doctors
aiound.
hil Junt utddim'."
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON (NEA) - For
the President to . send a major
civil rights message to Congress
this late in the session is to pile
a new burden on an already over
loaded Senate and House.
It w ill take tlie rest of this year
and much of the next session to
dig out from under the existing
load before it's time to elect a
new Congress in the fall of 1064.
Developments in race relations
during the past few monUis, how
ever, give additional civil rights
legislation a new number one pri
ority. There is every likelihood
that this program will run into de
lay. Another Senate filibuster is a
possibility, tieing up action on oth
er must legislation.
There are over 120 civil rights
bills in the congressional hopper
right now. This indicates not only
the diversity of opinion on what
ought to be done, but the amount
of interest in the subject.
The main bills are the adminis
tration program, a separate pro
posal by House Judiciary Com
mittee chairman Emanuel Celler,
D-N.Y., and two measures intro
duced by Senate and House Repub
licans. Boiling all these ideas into
one act that Senate 'and House can
agree on will take some doing.
Nobody has a complete answer
to race relations and no single
piece of legislation is going to
solve the situation. A piecemeal
approach is possible, with a voting
rights bill coming first and other
measures later.
Before the civil rights issue be
came critical, passage of a tax
cut bill had the number one pri
ority. A new tax law of some
kind is considered certain to pass.
Whether it will look anything like
the President's , recommendations
is doubtful, but it may include
some minor reforms.
Up to June 1 the President had
signed only 33 new public laws this
yeur. Only three are considered
important. They were extension of
the draft act. raising the national
debt limit and the feed grain act.
The equal pay for women legis
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
Anonymous Congressmen last
week demonstrated once again
that charity begins at home.
By an overw-helming non-rollcall
vole, they rejected an amend
ment that would prohibit swim
ming pools in the third House Of
fice Building now under construc
tion. Rising from a deep pit olf In
dependence Avenue, the squat Ii.
tle building will cost taxpayers
S131 million, or $50 million more
than the world's largest office
building, the Pentagon.
It is the brainchild of George
Stewart, whose official title is
Architect of the Capitol. He is a
former Delaware Congressman
dcsenlied by Sen. Paul Douglas
as "the most expensive, most
waslelul architect whom we could
possibly engage."
Stewart disclosed in 10511 that
tlie building would cost M mil
lion. This seemed a fantastic lig
ure. esiecial!y when compared
with the cost of tlie First House
Ollice Building iR8 million! and
the Second '$7.8 million1.
It soon turned out the figure of
SM million was misleading. Lett
out of Stewart's estimate was M
million for architectural and en
gineering fee, the cost of buy
ing, clearing and grading tlie site,
and miscellaneous other items.
The latest estimate is SI31.S
million, which pays lor at least
one swimming pool and gvmna
smin. Congressmen now have a
gvm. supervised by a "sjiorts
recreation leader" who is paid
more than S7.0O0 a year.
The prime contractor for the
building is McCloskey and Com
pany ot Philadelphia Tills is the
same firm that constructed a fed
eral hospital in Rosinn. Shortly
after its completion in W.V1, the
Army Corps of Engineers learned
there had been defects in its con
struction: that damage had al
ready occurred and wouid get
progressively worse unless re
pairs and corrections were made.
Subsequently the Corps of En
gineers estimated tlie repairs and
collections uould cost M million
Congressman H. R Gross. Iowa
Republican, urged the govern
ment to try to recover Uie sum
honi t!e huuders.
Gross points mil that McCloskey
and Company is the family lum
of Matthew McCloskey. a former
Finance Chairman of tlie Demo
cratic National Committee who
now serves as Ambassador to
liciand.
Congressmen discovered I o
weeks aen that they will have no
lation passed by both houses in .
May had just been signed by the
President.
Some of the other acts of Con
gress this year are good deeds
like conferring American citizen
ship on Winston Churchill and in
corporating the Eleanor Roosevelt
Memorial Foundation. But most
are government housekeeping op
erations like redefining the boun
daries of Big Hole National Monu
ment or trickytrack like desig
nating National Harmony and Ac
tors' Equity weeks. y
Separately, the House has
passed a 10-year, $667 million aid
program for medical education
and a pay increase for Uie armed
services. The Senate has passed
a three-year, $750 million mass
transit bill, the wilderness bill,
Youth Conservation Corps bill and
a 10-ycar matching grant bill for
construction of mental health cen
ters. Still in committee are the en
tire package of aid to education
proposals, medical care for the
aged. National Service Corps,
whatever arm legislation can be
decided on and the foreign aid
program. While a foreign aid pro
gram of some kind has to be
passed this year, the outlook is
that many of the others will have
to ride over till next year.
in addition, individual congress
men have introduced 10,000 other
bills, 99 per cent of which will die.
This isn't much of a record for
five months. Assuming that Con
gress is willing to work till the
end of summer, it is now past
mid-point in the session. Congress
has a way of untangling itself at
the end of a session and cram
ming through a lot of bills nobody
expected to pass. It could happen
again.
But with a legislative log jam
building higher and higher every
session because Congress is given
more and more complex prob
lems to deal with, the movement
for reform and reorganization of
Congress so it can operate more
efficiently is getting no place.
The outlook is that this, loo, w ill
have to wait till next session for
action.
WASHINGTON REPORT . . .
Costs Skyrocket For
New House Building
way lo get from their private of
fices to their staff odicos in Uie
new building. Slight slip-up, con
ceded Stewart.
He proposed new doors be cut
in 169 suites at a cost of (169,000.
The doors will be two feet wide,
which prompted Representative
Gross lo observe that "some
memlicrs of this House are going
to have a hard time getting
through."
The new building is equipped
with sink pipes, but no sinks, in
every olfiee. Congressman Tom
Steed asked why a member needs
his own sink. "There is. after all."
one in the bathroom right across
the hall." he said.
Note: Testimony before t h e
House Appropriations Committee
revealed that taxpayers foot the
hill i $25,000 a year to supply
Congressmen and their wives with
floral arrangements.
Philip Roof, executive assistant
lo Architect Stewart, disclosed
that the members and their wives
ore supplied bouquets and pot
ted plants free by the Botanical
Garden at an annual cost to the
Treasury of $23,000. When it runs
n il ot flowers, tlie Botanical Gar
den buys them from commercial
florists at the taxpayer's expense.
Al
manac
By United Press International
Today is Wednesday. June 19,
the 170th day of 19M with 195 to
follow.
The moon is approaching iti
new phase.
The morning stars are Venus,
Tlie evening star is Mars.
Tnose born today include Lou
Gehrig, one of the greatest play
ers in American baseball history,
in Unci
On this day in history:
In lBtfi, the first baseball game
between organized teams took
place in Hoboken. N.J.
In 1912. the U.S. government
adopted the eight-hour work day
for all its employes.
In I'.ob. the German boxer Max
Schmclmg knocked out Joe Louis
in the 12th round at Yankee Sta
dium in New York City.
In 19.V1. Julius and Ethel Rosen
berg were executed at Suig Sing
Prison for giving secret informa
tion to the Soviet Union.
A thought for U-e day The Eng
lish dramatist. William Shake
speare said: "If love be blind,
love cannot hit the msrk "